1
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Bagyinszky E, Hulme J, An SSA. Studies of Genetic and Proteomic Risk Factors of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Inspire Biomarker Development and Gene Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:1948. [PMID: 37566027 PMCID: PMC10417729 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting the upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, motor impairments, disabilities and death. Approximately 5-10% of ALS cases are associated with positive family history (familial ALS or fALS), whilst the remainder are sporadic (sporadic ALS, sALS). At least 50 genes have been identified as causative or risk factors for ALS. Established pathogenic variants include superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (c9orf72), TAR DNA Binding Protein (TARDBP), and Fused In Sarcoma (FUS); additional ALS-related genes including Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 2B (CHMP2B), Senataxin (SETX), Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), TANK Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) and NIMA Related Kinase 1 (NEK1), have been identified. Mutations in these genes could impair different mechanisms, including vesicle transport, autophagy, and cytoskeletal or mitochondrial functions. So far, there is no effective therapy against ALS. Thus, early diagnosis and disease risk predictions remain one of the best options against ALS symptomologies. Proteomic biomarkers, microRNAs, and extracellular vehicles (EVs) serve as promising tools for disease diagnosis or progression assessment. These markers are relatively easy to obtain from blood or cerebrospinal fluids and can be used to identify potential genetic causative and risk factors even in the preclinical stage before symptoms appear. In addition, antisense oligonucleotides and RNA gene therapies have successfully been employed against other diseases, such as childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which could also give hope to ALS patients. Therefore, an effective gene and biomarker panel should be generated for potentially "at risk" individuals to provide timely interventions and better treatment outcomes for ALS patients as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Graduate School of Environment Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - John Hulme
- Graduate School of Environment Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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2
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Pingle SC, Lin F, Anekoji MS, Patro CK, Datta S, Jones LD, Kesari S, Ashili S. Exploring the role of cerebrospinal fluid as analyte in neurologic disorders. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO851. [PMID: 37090492 PMCID: PMC10116372 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear ultrafiltrate of blood that envelopes and protects the central nervous system while regulating neuronal function through the maintenance of interstitial fluid homeostasis in the brain. Due to its anatomic location and physiological functions, the CSF can provide a reliable source of biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of different neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and primary and secondary brain malignancies. The incorporation of CSF biomarkers into the drug discovery and development can improve the efficiency of drug development and increase the chances of success. This review aims to consolidate the current use of CSF biomarkers in clinical practice and explore future perspectives for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep C Pingle
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Misa S Anekoji
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - C Pawan K Patro
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Souvik Datta
- Rhenix Lifesciences, 237 Vengal Rao Nagar, Hyderabad, TG, 500038, India
| | - Lawrence D Jones
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center & Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Shashaanka Ashili
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive #202, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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3
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Adil O, Shamsi MH. Electrochemical Impedance Immunoassay for ALS-Associated Neurofilament Protein: Matrix Effect on the Immunoplatform. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:247. [PMID: 36832013 PMCID: PMC9954657 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which has complex diagnostic steps. Electrochemical immunoassays may make the diagnosis simpler and faster. Here, we present the detection of ALS-associated neurofilament light chain (Nf-L) protein through an electrochemical impedance immunoassay on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) screen-printed electrodes. The immunoassay was developed in two different media, i.e., buffer and human serum, to compare the effect of the media on their figures of merit and calibration models. The label-free charge transfer resistance (RCT) of the immunoplatform was used as a signal response to develop the calibration models. We found that exposure of the biorecognition layer to human serum improved the impedance response of the biorecognition element with significantly lower relative error. Moreover, the calibration model obtained in the human serum environment has higher sensitivity and a better limit of detection (0.087 ng/mL) than the buffer medium (0.39 ng/mL). The analyses of the ALS patient samples show that concentrations obtained from the buffer-based regression model was higher than the serum-based model. However, a high Pearson correlation (r = 1.00) between the media suggests that concentration in one medium may be useful to predict the concentration in the other medium. Moreover, the Nf-L concentration appears to increase with age in both male and female groups, while overall higher Nf-L was found in the male group than the female group.
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4
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Berrone E, Chiorino G, Guana F, Benedetti V, Palmitessa C, Gallo M, Calvo A, Casale F, Manera U, Favole A, Crociara P, Testori C, Carta V, Tessarolo C, D’Angelo A, De Marco G, Caramelli M, Chiò A, Casalone C, Corona C. SOMAscan Proteomics Identifies Novel Plasma Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031899. [PMID: 36768220 PMCID: PMC9916400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex disease characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors for which, despite decades of intense research, diagnosis remains rather delayed, and most therapeutic options fail. Therefore, unravelling other potential pathogenetic mechanisms and searching for reliable markers are high priorities. In the present study, we employ the SOMAscan assay, an aptamer-based proteomic technology, to determine the circulating proteomic profile of ALS patients. The expression levels of ~1300 proteins were assessed in plasma, and 42 proteins with statistically significant differential expression between ALS patients and healthy controls were identified. Among these, four were upregulated proteins, Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 and nidogen 1 and 2 were selected and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in an overlapping cohort of patients. Following statistical analyses, different expression patterns of these proteins were observed in the familial and sporadic ALS patients. The proteins identified in this study might provide insight into ALS pathogenesis and represent potential candidates to develop novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Berrone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Guana
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Valerio Benedetti
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Palmitessa
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Gallo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Casale
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Manera
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Favole
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Crociara
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- ASL TO4, 10034 Chivasso, Italy
| | - Camilla Testori
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Carta
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Tessarolo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Marco
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Caramelli
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Casalone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
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Vignaroli F, Mele A, Tondo G, De Giorgis V, Manfredi M, Comi C, Mazzini L, De Marchi F. The Need for Biomarkers in the ALS-FTD Spectrum: A Clinical Point of View on the Role of Proteomics. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11010001. [PMID: 36648959 PMCID: PMC9844364 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are severely debilitating and progressive neurodegenerative disorders. A distinctive pathological feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS and FTD, is the deposition of aberrant protein inclusions in neuronal cells, which leads to cellular dysfunction and neuronal damage and loss. Despite this, to date, the biological process behind developing these protein inclusions must be better clarified, making the development of disease-modifying treatment impossible until this is done. Proteomics is a powerful tool to characterize the expression, structure, functions, interactions, and modifications of proteins of tissue and biological fluid, including plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid. This protein-profiling characterization aims to identify disease-specific protein alteration or specific pathology-based mechanisms which may be used as markers of these conditions. Our narrative review aims to highlight the need for biomarkers and the potential use of proteomics in clinical practice for ALS-FTD spectrum disorders, considering the emerging rationale in proteomics for new drug development. Certainly, new data will emerge in the near future in this regard and support clinicians in the development of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Mele
- Neurology Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- Department of Neurology, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research and Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research and Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Department of Neurology, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Neurology Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- Neurology Unit, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-3733962
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6
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Najafi S, Najafi P, Kaffash Farkhad N, Hosseini Torshizi G, Assaran Darban R, Boroumand AR, Sahab-Negah S, Khodadoust MA, Tavakol-Afshari J. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients: A comprehensive review of disease information and future perspectives. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:872-881. [PMID: 37427325 PMCID: PMC10329242 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.66364.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare deadly progressive neurological disease that primarily affects the upper and lower motor neurons with an annual incidence rate of 0.6 to 3.8 per 100,000 people. Weakening and gradual atrophy of the voluntary muscles are the first signs of the disease onset affecting all aspects of patients' lives, including eating, speaking, moving, and even breathing. Only 5-10% of patients have a familial type of the disease and show an autosomal dominant pattern, but the cause of the disease is unknown in the remaining 90% of patients (Sporadic ALS). However, in both types of disease, the patient's survival is 2 to 5 years from the disease onset. Some clinical and molecular biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood or urine test, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing are complementary methods for disease diagnosis. Unfortunately, with the exception of Riluzole, the only medically approved drug for the management of this disease, there is still no definitive cure for it. In this regard, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment or management of the disease has been common in preclinical and clinical studies for many years. MSCs are multipotent cells having immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and differentiation ability that makes them a good candidate for this purpose. This review article aims to discuss multiple aspects of ALS disease and focus on MSCs' role in disease management based on performed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Najafi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parizad Najafi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Reza Assaran Darban
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Boroumand
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab-Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khodadoust
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Tavakol-Afshari
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Chakraborty A, Diwan A. Biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. AIMS Neurosci 2022; 9:423-443. [PMID: 36660079 PMCID: PMC9826749 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in adults involving non-demyelinating motor disorders. About 90% of ALS cases are sporadic, while 10-12% of cases are due to some genetic reasons. Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR, c9orf72 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 72) and VAPB genes are commonly found in ALS patients. Therefore, the mechanism of ALS development involves oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, glutamate excitotoxicity and aggregation of proteins, neuro-inflammation and defective RNA function. Cholesterol and LDL/HDL levels are also associated with ALS development. As a result, sterols could be a suitable biomarker for this ailment. The main mechanisms of ALS development are reticulum stress, neuroinflammation and RNA metabolism. The multi-nature development of ALS makes it more challenging to pinpoint a treatment.
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Yang J, Ran M, Li H, Lin Y, Ma K, Yang Y, Fu X, Yang S. New insight into neurological degeneration: Inflammatory cytokines and blood–brain barrier. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1013933. [PMID: 36353359 PMCID: PMC9637688 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological degeneration after neuroinflammation, such as that resulting from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), and post-traumatic brain injury (TBI), is typically associated with high mortality and morbidity and with permanent cognitive dysfunction, which places a heavy economic burden on families and society. Diagnosing and curing these diseases in their early stages remains a challenge for clinical investigation and treatment. Recent insight into the onset and progression of these diseases highlights the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The primary factor that influences BBB structure and function is inflammation, especially the main cytokines including IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6, the mechanism on the disruption of which are critical component of the aforementioned diseases. Surprisingly, the main cytokines from systematic inflammation can also induce as much worse as from neurological diseases or injuries do. In this review, we will therefore discuss the physiological structure of BBB, the main cytokines including IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, and their mechanism on the disruption of BBB and recent research about the main cytokines from systematic inflammation inducing the disruption of BBB and cognitive impairment, and we will eventually discuss the need to prevent the disruption of BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Research Centre for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, 4th Medical Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzi Ran
- Research Centre for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, 4th Medical Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Research Centre for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, 4th Medical Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Research Centre for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, 4th Medical Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Centre for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xiaobing Fu,
| | - Siming Yang
- Research Centre for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, 4th Medical Centre, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Siming Yang,
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9
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Marino C, Grimaldi M, Sommella EM, Ciaglia T, Santoro A, Buonocore M, Salviati E, Trojsi F, Polverino A, Sorrentino P, Sorrentino G, Campiglia P, D’Ursi AM. The Metabolomic Profile in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Changes According to the Progression of the Disease: An Exploratory Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090837. [PMID: 36144241 PMCID: PMC9504184 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology of the upper or lower motor neuron. Evaluation of ALS progression is based on clinical outcomes considering the impairment of body sites. ALS has been extensively investigated in the pathogenetic mechanisms and the clinical profile; however, no molecular biomarkers are used as diagnostic criteria to establish the ALS pathological staging. Using the source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) approach, we demonstrated that global brain hyperconnectivity is associated with early and advanced clinical ALS stages. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectroscopy, here we studied the metabolomic profile of ALS patients' sera characterized by different stages of disease progression-namely early and advanced. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data integrated with the network analysis indicates that metabolites related to energy deficit, abnormal concentrations of neurotoxic metabolites and metabolites related to neurotransmitter production are pathognomonic of ALS in the advanced stage. Furthermore, analysis of the lipidomic profile indicates that advanced ALS patients report significant alteration of phosphocholine (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCs), and sphingomyelin (SMs) metabolism, consistent with the exigency of lipid remodeling to repair advanced neuronal degeneration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marino
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Manuela Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Eduardo Maria Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Michela Buonocore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Maggiore Salvatore Arena, Contrada San Benedetto, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Arianna Polverino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Cupa delle Tozzole, 2, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Cupa delle Tozzole, 2, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 38, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D’Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089969748
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10
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van der Ven JPG, van den Bosch E, Kamphuis VP, Terol C, Gnanam D, Bogers AJJC, Breur JMPJ, Berger RMF, Blom NA, Koopman L, ten Harkel ADJ, Helbing WA. Functional Echocardiographic and Serum Biomarker Changes Following Surgical and Percutaneous Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Children. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024072. [PMID: 35929457 PMCID: PMC9496284 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Ventricular performance is temporarily reduced following surgical atrial septal defect closure. Cardiopulmonary bypass and changes in loading conditions are considered important factors, but this phenomenon is incompletely understood. We aim to characterize biventricular performance following surgical and percutaneous atrial septal defect closure and to relate biomarkers to ventricular performance following intervention. Methods and Results In this multicenter prospective study, children scheduled for surgical or percutaneous atrial septal defect closure were included. Subjects were assessed preoperatively, in the second week postintervention (at 2‐weeks follow‐up), and 1‐year postintervention (1‐year follow‐up). At each time point, an echocardiographic study and a panel of biomarkers were obtained. Sixty‐three patients (median age, 4.1 [interquartile range, 3.1–6.1] years) were included. Forty‐three patients underwent surgery. At 2‐weeks follow‐up, right ventricular global longitudinal strain was decreased for the surgical, but not the percutaneous, group (−17.6±4.1 versus −27.1±3.4; P<0.001). A smaller decrease was noted for left ventricular global longitudinal strain at 2‐weeks follow‐up for the surgical group (surgical versus percutaneous, −18.6±3.2 versus −20.2±2.4; P=0.040). At 1‐year follow‐up, left ventricular performance returned to baseline, whereas right ventricular performance improved, but did not reach preintervention levels. Eight biomarkers relating to cardiovascular and immunological processes differed across study time points. Of these biomarkers, only NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) correlated with less favorable left ventricular global longitudinal strain at 2‐weeks follow‐up. Conclusions Right, and to a lesser degree left, ventricular performance was reduced early after surgical atrial septal defect closure. Right ventricular performance at 1‐year follow‐up remained below baseline levels. Several biomarkers showed a pattern over time similar to ventricular performance. These biomarkers may provide insight into the processes that affect ventricular function. Registration URL: https://www.trialregister.nl/; Unique identifier: NL5129
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle P. G. van der Ven
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyErasmus MC Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryErasmus MCRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eva van den Bosch
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyErasmus MC Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Vivian P. Kamphuis
- Netherlands Heart InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Covadonga Terol
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Devi Gnanam
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyErasmus MC Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes M. P. J. Breur
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rolf M. F. Berger
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Nico A. Blom
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Laurens Koopman
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyErasmus MC Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arend D. J. ten Harkel
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Helbing
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric CardiologyErasmus MC Sophia Children’s HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
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11
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Masrori P, Beckers J, Gossye H, Van Damme P. The role of inflammation in neurodegeneration: novel insights into the role of the immune system in C9orf72 HRE-mediated ALS/FTD. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:22. [PMID: 35303907 PMCID: PMC8932121 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). An inflammatory reaction to neuronal injury is deemed vital for neuronal health and homeostasis. However, a continued activation of the inflammatory response can be detrimental to remaining neurons and aggravate the disease process. Apart from a disease modifying role, some evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may also contribute to the upstream cause of the disease. In this review, we will first focus on the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 gene (C9orf72) hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HRE)-mediated ALS/FTD (C9-ALS/FTD). Additionally, we will discuss evidence from ex vivo and in vivo studies and finally, we briefly summarize the trials and progress of anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Masrori
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Beckers
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium
| | - Helena Gossye
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium. .,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Thompson AG, Oeckl P, Feneberg E, Bowser R, Otto M, Fischer R, Kessler B, Turner MR. Advancing mechanistic understanding and biomarker development in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:977-994. [PMID: 34758687 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2004890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteomic analysis has contributed significantly to the study of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It has helped to define the pathological change common to nearly all cases, namely intracellular aggregates of phosphorylated TDP-43, shifting the focus of pathogenesis in ALS toward RNA biology. Proteomics has also uniquely underpinned the delineation of disease mechanisms in model systems and has been central to recent advances in human ALS biomarker development. AREAS COVERED The contribution of proteomics to understanding the cellular pathological changes, disease mechanisms, and biomarker development in ALS are covered. EXPERT OPINION Proteomics has delivered unique insights into the pathogenesis of ALS and advanced the goal of objective measurements of disease activity to improve therapeutic trials. Further developments in sensitivity and quantification are expected, with application to the presymptomatic phase of human disease offering the hope of prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Dzne e.V.), Ulm, Germany
| | - Emily Feneberg
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Bowser
- Departments of Neurology and Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Soliman R, Mousa NO, Rashed HR, Moustafa RR, Hamdi N, Osman A, Fahmy N. Assessment of diagnostic potential of some circulating microRNAs in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients, an Egyptian study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 208:106883. [PMID: 34454204 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have been carried out to identify the role of microRNA (miRNA) as potential biomarkers for many diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study was to explore the circulating levels of some miRNAs in cohort of Egyptian ALS patients in an attempt to correlate the selected miRNA profiles with disease progression. METHODS Thirty ALS patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled. Circulating miRNA levels were determined in venous blood samples, collected on EDTA, from all the study subjects. The selection of miRNA species (miR-206, miR-142-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-106b-3p, miR-4516 and Let7f-5p) was based on their involvement in the pathophysiology of ALS and was further confirmed by data mining of specific miRNA databases (miRBase and miRDB). RESULTS As compared to the control group, significant consistent upregulation was found in the levels of miR-206, miR-143-3p and to a lesser extent in miR-142-3p. An elevation trend, although not significant, was also found in the levels of miR-181a-5p, miR-106b-3p, and miR-4516. Interestingly, we found that the levels of miR-142-3p were elevated in familial cases, while that of miR-4516 were significantly increased in sporadic cases. Furthermore, the levels of Let7f-5p, although were generally lowered in ALS patients but were also decreased in familial cases as well as in spinal onset ALS as compared to bulbar onset. CONCLUSION This is the first study investigating miRNA profiles in Egyptian ALS patients. We found that some miRNAs are significantly altered in ALS patients, and some may be used to distinguish familial and sporadic cases and bulbar and spinal onset. Larger study is needed, in which we will conduct a correlation of miRNA levels against variations in disease onset, progression as well as systemic inflammatory responses and the extent of neuromuscular involvement in Egyptian ALS patients in an attempt to identify environmental/occupational risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Soliman
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Nahla O Mousa
- Biotechnology Department, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Borg Al Arab 21934, Egypt; Biotechnology Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
| | - Hebatallah R Rashed
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Ramez R Moustafa
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Nabila Hamdi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Osman
- Biotechnology Department, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Borg Al Arab 21934, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Nagia Fahmy
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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14
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Lipidomics study of plasma from patients suggest that ALS and PLS are part of a continuum of motor neuron disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13562. [PMID: 34193885 PMCID: PMC8245424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron disorders (MND) include a group of pathologies that affect upper and/or lower motor neurons. Among them, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, with fatal outcomes only in a few years after diagnosis. On the other hand, primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), a more benign form of MND that only affects upper motor neurons, results in life-long progressive motor dysfunction. Although the outcomes are quite different, ALS and PLS present with similar symptoms at disease onset, to the degree that both disorders could be considered part of a continuum. These similarities and the lack of reliable biomarkers often result in delays in accurate diagnosis and/or treatment. In the nervous system, lipids exert a wide variety of functions, including roles in cell structure, synaptic transmission, and multiple metabolic processes. Thus, the study of the absolute and relative concentrations of a subset of lipids in human pathology can shed light into these cellular processes and unravel alterations in one or more pathways. In here, we report the lipid composition of longitudinal plasma samples from ALS and PLS patients initially, and after 2 years following enrollment in a clinical study. Our analysis revealed common aspects of these pathologies suggesting that, from the lipidomics point of view, PLS and ALS behave as part of a continuum of motor neuron disorders.
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15
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Hossain SF, Huang M, Ono N, Morita A, Kanaya S, Altaf-Ul-Amin M. Development of a biomarker database toward performing disease classification and finding disease interrelations. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baab011. [PMID: 33705530 PMCID: PMC7951048 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker is a measurable indicator of a disease or abnormal state of a body that plays an important role in disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. The biomarker has become a significant topic due to its versatile usage in the medical field and in rapid detection of the presence or severity of some diseases. The volume of biomarker data is rapidly increasing and the identified data are scattered. To provide comprehensive information, the explosively growing data need to be recorded in a single platform. There is no open-source freely available comprehensive online biomarker database. To fulfill this purpose, we have developed a human biomarker database as part of the KNApSAcK family databases which contain a vast quantity of information on the relationships between biomarkers and diseases. We have classified the diseases into 18 disease classes, mostly according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information definitions. Apart from this database development, we also have performed disease classification by separately using protein and metabolite biomarkers based on the network clustering algorithm DPClusO and hierarchical clustering. Finally, we reached a conclusion about the relationships among the disease classes. The human biomarker database can be accessed online and the inter-disease relationships may be helpful in understanding the molecular mechanisms of diseases. To our knowledge, this is one of the first approaches to classify diseases based on biomarkers. Database URL: http://www.knapsackfamily.com/Biomarker/top.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Farhad Hossain
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ming Huang
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoaki Ono
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Aki Morita
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Kanaya
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Md Altaf-Ul-Amin
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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16
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Song H, Liu JC, Cao ZP, Luo WJ, Chen JY. Medical cost and healthcare utilization of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in China: A cohort study based on hospital data from 2015 to 2018. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23258. [PMID: 33217848 PMCID: PMC7676534 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a specific neurodegenerative disease, imposed increased economic and utilizations burden on the healthcare system, especially with the progress of the diseases severity. However, the economic burden on Chinese ALS patients remained unclear. This study therefore was aimed to investigate medical cost and healthcare utilization for Chinese ALS patients.Longitudinal health data of over 20 million individuals, including military personnel and civilians, was collected from all Chinese military hospitals. We identified 480 patients with a first major diagnosis for ALS from 2015 to 2018, while matched 400 controlled patients on age, gender, ethnic group, geographic region, length of stay, year of diagnosis and comorbidity. Their medical cost and healthcare utilizations were then measured 1 year before, and 1 year after ALS diagnosis.The median annual medical cost of ALS patients was about 2-fold higher, 17,087 CNY during the index year than 1 year before, 7859 CNY. The highest increase in utilizations may account for medical costs on ALS patients, which was represented by hospitalizations (Odd Ratio (OR) = 4.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.52, 5.15), electromyography (OR = 4.14, 95% CI 2.37, 7.22), nerve conduction velocity (OR = 3.26, 95% CI 2.23, 4.77).This study is the first one reporting direct economic burden on Chinese ALS patients. Efforts should be made to develop cost-effective diagnostic tools in order that sources of medical cost were more effectively allocated, and this disease was detected earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Song
- Department of Health Service, PLA General Hospital, Beijing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian-Chao Liu
- Department of Health Service, PLA General Hospital, Beijing
| | - Zi-Peng Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-Jing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Health Service, PLA General Hospital, Beijing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, and the Ministry-of-Education's Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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17
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Wen J, Li S, Zheng C, Wang F, Luo Y, Wu L, Cao J, Guo B, Yu P, Zhang G, Li S, Sun Y, Yang X, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone improves motor dysfunction and pathological manifestations by activating the PGC-1α/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in ALS mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 182:108380. [PMID: 33152451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons that results in skeletal muscle atrophy, weakness and paralysis. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ALS, including familial forms of the disease arising from mutation of the gene coding for superoxide dismutase (SOD1). We have used the SOD1G93A ALS mouse model to investigate the efficacy of 2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxidoimino]-methyl]-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (TBN), a novel tetramethylpyrazine derivative armed with a powerful free-radical scavenging nitrone moiety. TBN was administered to mice by intraperitoneal or intragastric injection after the onset of motor deficits. TBN slowed the progression of motor neuron disease as evidenced by improved motor performance, reduced spinal motor neuron loss and the associated glial response, and decreased skeletal muscle fiber denervation and fibrosis. TBN treatment activated mitochondrial antioxidant activity through the PGC-1α/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and decreased the expression of human SOD1. These findings suggest that TBN holds promise as a therapeutic agent for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangming Li
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangwen Luo
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangmiao Wu
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 8, Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Polverino A, Rucco R, Stillitano I, Bonavita S, Grimaldi M, Minino R, Pesoli M, Trojsi F, D'Ursi AM, Sorrentino G, Sorrentino P. In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Blood Cytokines Are Altered, but Do Not Correlate with Changes in Brain Topology. Brain Connect 2020; 10:411-421. [PMID: 32731760 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study aims at investigating the possible correlation between peripheral markers of inflammation and brain networks. Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease dominated by progressive motor impairment. Among the complex mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease, neuroinflammation, which is associated with altered circulating cytokine levels, is suggested to play a prominent role. Methods: Based on magnetoencephalography data, we estimated topological properties of the brain networks in ALS patients and healthy controls. Subsequently, the blood levels of a subset of cytokines were assayed. Finally, we modeled the brain topological features in the function of the cytokine levels. Results: Significant differences were found in the levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-1β, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) between patients and controls. In particular, IL-4 and IL-1β levels increased in ALS patients, while the IFN-γ level was higher in healthy controls. We also detected modifications in brain global topological parameters in terms of hyperconnectedness. Despite both blood cytokines and brain topology being altered in ALS patients, such changes do not appear to be in a direct relationship. Conclusion: Our results would be in line with the idea that topological changes relate to neurodegenerative processes. However, the absence of correlation between blood cytokines and topological parameters of brain networks does not preclude that inflammatory processes contribute to the alterations of the brain networks. Impact statement The progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis entails both neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, disease progression induces global modifications of the brain networks, with advanced stages showing a more compact, hyperconnected network topology. The pathophysiological processes underlying topological changes are unknown. In this article, we hypothesized that the global inflammatory profile would relate to the topological alterations. Our results showed that this is not the case, as modeling the topological properties as a function of the inflammatory state did not yield good predictions. Hence, our results suggest that topological changes might directly relate to neurodegenerative processes instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Polverino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rucco
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Simona Bonavita
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Minino
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Pesoli
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
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19
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Argentati C, Tortorella I, Bazzucchi M, Emiliani C, Morena F, Martino S. The Other Side of Alzheimer's Disease: Influence of Metabolic Disorder Features for Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E115. [PMID: 32899957 PMCID: PMC7563360 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the amyloid cascade hypothesis is the dominant model to explain Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. By this hypothesis, the inherited genetic form of AD is discriminated from the sporadic form of AD (SAD) that accounts for 85-90% of total patients. The cause of SAD is still unclear, but several studies have shed light on the involvement of environmental factors and multiple susceptibility genes, such as Apolipoprotein E and other genetic risk factors, which are key mediators in different metabolic pathways (e.g., glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, energetic metabolism, and inflammation). Furthermore, growing clinical evidence in AD patients highlighted the presence of affected systemic organs and blood similarly to the brain. Collectively, these findings revise the canonical understating of AD pathogenesis and suggest that AD has metabolic disorder features. This review will focus on AD as a metabolic disorder and highlight the contribution of this novel understanding on the identification of new biomarkers for improving an early AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (C.E.); (F.M.)
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Moreno-Martinez L, Calvo AC, Muñoz MJ, Osta R. Are Circulating Cytokines Reliable Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112759. [PMID: 31195629 PMCID: PMC6600567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that has no effective treatment. The lack of any specific biomarker that can help in the diagnosis or prognosis of ALS has made the identification of biomarkers an urgent challenge. Multiple panels have shown alterations in levels of numerous cytokines in ALS, supporting the contribution of neuroinflammation to the progressive motor neuron loss. However, none of them is fully sensitive and specific enough to become a universal biomarker for ALS. This review gathers the numerous circulating cytokines that have been found dysregulated in both ALS animal models and patients. Particularly, it highlights the opposing results found in the literature to date, and points out another potential application of inflammatory cytokines as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moreno-Martinez
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Muñoz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biochemistry (LAGENBIO), Faculty of Veterinary-IIS Aragón, IA2-CITA, CIBERNED, University of Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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21
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Swindell WR, Kruse CPS, List EO, Berryman DE, Kopchick JJ. ALS blood expression profiling identifies new biomarkers, patient subgroups, and evidence for neutrophilia and hypoxia. J Transl Med 2019; 17:170. [PMID: 31118040 PMCID: PMC6530130 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating disease with few treatment options. Progress towards new therapies requires validated disease biomarkers, but there is no consensus on which fluid-based measures are most informative. METHODS This study analyzed microarray data derived from blood samples of patients with ALS (n = 396), ALS mimic diseases (n = 75), and healthy controls (n = 645). Goals were to provide in-depth analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), characterize patient-to-patient heterogeneity, and identify candidate biomarkers. RESULTS We identified 752 ALS-increased and 764 ALS-decreased DEGs (FDR < 0.10 with > 10% expression change). Gene expression shifts in ALS blood broadly resembled acute high altitude stress responses. ALS-increased DEGs had high exosome expression, were neutrophil-specific, associated with translation, and overlapped significantly with genes near ALS susceptibility loci (e.g., IFRD1, TBK1, CREB5). ALS-decreased DEGs, in contrast, had low exosome expression, were erythroid lineage-specific, and associated with anemia and blood disorders. Genes encoding neurofilament proteins (NEFH, NEFL) had poor diagnostic accuracy (50-53%). However, support vector machines distinguished ALS patients from ALS mimics and controls with 87% accuracy (sensitivity: 86%, specificity: 87%). Expression profiles were heterogeneous among patients and we identified two subgroups: (i) patients with higher expression of IL6R and myeloid lineage-specific genes and (ii) patients with higher expression of IL23A and lymphoid-specific genes. The gene encoding copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) was most strongly associated with survival (HR = 0.77; P = 1.84e-05) and other survival-associated genes were linked to mitochondrial respiration. We identify a 61 gene signature that significantly improves survival prediction when added to Cox proportional hazard models with baseline clinical data (i.e., age at onset, site of onset and sex). Predicted median survival differed 2-fold between patients with favorable and risk-associated gene expression signatures. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood analysis informs our understanding of ALS disease mechanisms and genetic association signals. Our findings are consistent with low-grade neutrophilia and hypoxia as ALS phenotypes, with heterogeneity among patients partly driven by differences in myeloid and lymphoid cell abundance. Biomarkers identified in this study require further validation but may provide new tools for research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Swindell
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45236 USA
| | - Colin P. S. Kruse
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Edward O. List
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
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22
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González De Aguilar JL. Lipid Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:284. [PMID: 31019485 PMCID: PMC6458258 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal degenerative disease primarily characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. To date, there is still an unmet need for robust and practical biomarkers that could estimate the risk of the disease and its progression. Based on metabolic modifications observed at the level of the whole body, different classes of lipids have been proposed as potential biomarkers. This review summarizes investigations carried out over the last decade that focused on changes in three major lipid species, namely cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids. Despite some contradictory findings, it is becoming increasingly accepted that dyslipidemia, and related aberrant energy homeostasis, must be considered as essential components of the pathological process. Therefore, it is tempting to envisage dietary interventions as a means to counterbalance the metabolic disturbances and ameliorate the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Luis González De Aguilar
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S1118, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénerescence, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Mitropoulos K, Katsila T, Patrinos GP, Pampalakis G. Multi-Omics for Biomarker Discovery and Target Validation in Biofluids for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Diagnosis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:52-64. [PMID: 29356625 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare but usually fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration in the brain and the spinal cord. Two forms are recognized, the familial that accounts for 5-10% and the sporadic that accounts for the rest. New studies suggest that ALS is a highly heterogeneous disease, and this diversity is a major reason for the lack of successful therapeutic treatments. Indeed, only two drugs (riluzole and edaravone) have been approved that provide a limited improvement in the quality of life. Presently, the diagnosis of ALS is based on clinical examination and lag period from the onset of symptoms to the final diagnosis is ∼12 months. Therefore, the discovery of robust molecular biomarkers that can assist in the diagnosis is of major importance. DNA sequencing to identify pathogenic gene variants can be applied in the cases of familial ALS. However, it is not a routinely used diagnostic procedure and most importantly, it cannot be applied in the diagnosis of sporadic ALS. In this expert review, the current approaches in identification of new ALS biomarkers are discussed. The advent of various multi-omics biotechnology platforms, including miRNomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metallomics, volatolomics, and viromics, has assisted in the identification of new biomarkers. The biofluids are the most preferable material for the analysis of potential biomarkers (such as proteins and cell-free miRNAs), since they are easily obtained. In the near future, the biofluid-based biomarkers will be indispensable to classify different ALS subtypes and understand the molecular heterogeneity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mitropoulos
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Athens School of Medicine , Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences , Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences , Patras, Greece .,3 Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain, UAE
| | - Georgios Pampalakis
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences , Patras, Greece
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24
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Pampalakis G, Mitropoulos K, Xiromerisiou G, Dardiotis E, Deretzi G, Anagnostouli M, Katsila T, Rentzos M, Patrinos GP. New molecular diagnostic trends and biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:361-373. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of PharmacyAristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Anagnostouli
- University of Athens School of MedicineAiginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Department of PharmacySchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Michail Rentzos
- University of Athens School of MedicineAiginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - George P. Patrinos
- Department of PharmacySchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Patras Patras Greece
- Department of PharmacyCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE
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25
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Rahman MR, Islam T, Huq F, Quinn JM, Moni MA. Identification of molecular signatures and pathways common to blood cells and brain tissue of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2019.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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26
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Islam T, Rahman MR, Karim MR, Huq F, Quinn JM, Moni MA. Detection of multiple sclerosis using blood and brain cells transcript profiles: Insights from comprehensive bioinformatics approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2019.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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27
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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110219. [PMID: 30463376 PMCID: PMC6262636 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable and fatal disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord. Sporadic ALS form accounts for the majority of patients, but in 1–13.5% of cases the disease is inherited. The diagnosis of ALS is mainly based on clinical assessment and electrophysiological examinations with a history of symptom progression and is then made with a significant delay from symptom onset. Thus, the identification of biomarkers specific for ALS could be of a fundamental importance in the clinical practice. An ideal biomarker should display high specificity and sensitivity for discriminating ALS from control subjects and from ALS-mimics and other neurological diseases, and should then monitor disease progression within individual patients. microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered promising biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, since they are remarkably stable in human body fluids and can reflect physiological and pathological processes relevant for ALS. Here, we review the state of the art of miRNA biomarker identification for ALS in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and muscle tissue; we discuss advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, and underline the limits but also the great potential of this research for future practical applications.
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28
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Abstract
The past decade has seen tremendous efforts in biomarker discovery and validation for neurodegenerative diseases. The source and type of biomarkers has continued to grow for central nervous system diseases, from biofluid-based biomarkers (blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)), to nucleic acids, tissue, and imaging. While DNA remains a predominant biomarker used to identify familial forms of neurodegenerative diseases, various types of RNA have more recently been linked to familial and sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases during the past few years. Imaging approaches continue to evolve and are making major contributions to target engagement and early diagnostic biomarkers. Incorporation of biomarkers into drug development and clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases promises to aid in the development and demonstration of target engagement and drug efficacy for neurologic disorders. This review will focus on recent advancements in developing biomarkers for clinical utility in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Bowser
- Iron Horse Diagnostics, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ, 85255, USA.
- Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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29
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Coatti GC, Frangini M, Valadares MC, Gomes JP, Lima NO, Cavaçana N, Assoni AF, Pelatti MV, Birbrair A, de Lima ACP, Singer JM, Rocha FMM, Da Silva GL, Mantovani MS, Macedo-Souza LI, Ferrari MFR, Zatz M. Pericytes Extend Survival of ALS SOD1 Mice and Induce the Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Murine Model and in IPSCs Derived Neuronal Cells from an ALS Patient. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:686-698. [PMID: 28710685 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease causing a progressive, rapid and irreversible degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. No effective treatment is available and cell therapy clinical trials are currently being tested in ALS affected patients. It is well known that in ALS patients, approximately 50% of pericytes from the spinal cord barrier are lost. In the central nervous system, pericytes act in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, a natural defense that slows the progression of symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we evaluated, for the first time, the therapeutic effect of human pericytes in vivo in SOD1 mice and in vitro in motor neurons and other neuronal cells derived from one ALS patient. Pericytes and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were derived from the same adipose tissue sample and were administered to SOD1 mice intraperitoneally. The effect of the two treatments was compared. Treatment with pericytes extended significantly animals survival in SOD1 males, but not in females that usually have a milder phenotype with higher survival rates. No significant differences were observed in the survival of mice treated with MSCs. Gene expression analysis in brain and spinal cord of end-stage animals showed that treatment with pericytes can stimulate the host antioxidant system. Additionally, pericytes induced the expression of SOD1 and CAT in motor neurons and other neuronal cells derived from one ALS patient carrying a mutation in FUS. Overall, treatment with pericytes was more effective than treatment with MSCs. Our results encourage further investigations and suggest that pericytes may be a good option for ALS treatment in the future. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Castello Coatti
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Miriam Frangini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marcos C Valadares
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Juliana Plat Gomes
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Natalia O Lima
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Natale Cavaçana
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Assoni
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Mayra V Pelatti
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, University Federal of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Julio M Singer
- Department of Statistics, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Inês Macedo-Souza
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Merari F R Ferrari
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Rua do Matāo 106, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-030, Brazil.
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Potential Role of Humoral IL-6 Cytokine in Mediating Pro-Inflammatory Endothelial Cell Response in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020423. [PMID: 29385088 PMCID: PMC5855645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial disease with limited therapeutic options. Numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved in ALS motor neuron degeneration. One possible effector accelerating motor neuron death in ALS is damage to the blood-Central Nervous System barrier (B-CNS-B), mainly due to endothelial cell (EC) degeneration. Although mechanisms of EC damage in ALS are still unknown, vascular impairment may be initiated by various humoral inflammatory factors and other mediators. Systemic IL-6-mediated inflammation is a possible early extrinsic effector leading to the EC death causing central nervous system (CNS) barrier damage. In this review, we discuss the potential role of humoral factors in triggering EC alterations in ALS. A specific focus was on humoral IL-6 cytokine mediating EC inflammation via the trans-signaling pathway. Our preliminary in vitro studies demonstrated a proof of principle that short term exposure of human bone marrow endothelial cells to plasma from ALS patient leads to cell morphological changes, significantly upregulated IL-6R immunoexpression, and pro-inflammatory cell response. Our in-depth understanding of specific molecular mechanisms of this humoral cytokine in EC degeneration may facilitate an endothelial-IL-6-targeting therapy for restoring cell homeostasis and eventually reestablishing B-CNS-B integrity in ALS.
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31
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Recabarren-Leiva D, Alarcón M. New insights into the gene expression associated to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Life Sci 2018; 193:110-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Hu Y, Cao C, Qin XY, Yu Y, Yuan J, Zhao Y, Cheng Y. Increased peripheral blood inflammatory cytokine levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9094. [PMID: 28831083 PMCID: PMC5567306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with poorly understood etiology. Increasing evidence suggest that inflammation may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ALS. Several studies have demonstrated altered levels of blood cytokines in ALS, but results were inconsistent. Therefore, we did a systematic review of studies comparing blood inflammatory cytokines between ALS patients and control subjects, and quantitatively combined the clinical data with a meta-analysis. The systematic review of Pubmed and Web of Science identified 25 studies encompassing 812 ALS patients and 639 control subjects. Random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated that blood tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF; Hedges' g = 0.655; p = 0.001), TNF receptor 1 (Hedges' g = 0.741; p < 0.001), interleukin 6 (IL-6; Hedges' g = 0.25; p = 0.005), IL-1β (Hedges' g = 0.296; p = 0.038), IL-8 (Hedges' g = 0.449; p < 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor (Hedges' g = 0.891; p = 0.003) levels were significantly elevated in patients with ALS compared with control subjects. These results substantially enhance our knowledge of the inflammatory response in ALS, and peripheral blood inflammatory cytokines may be used as diagnostic biomarkers for ALS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Neuronal Damage Induced by Perinatal Asphyxia Is Attenuated by Postinjury Glutaredoxin-2 Administration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4162465. [PMID: 28706574 PMCID: PMC5494587 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4162465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The general disruption of redox signaling following an ischemia-reperfusion episode has been proposed as a crucial component in neuronal death and consequently brain damage. Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins control redox reactions and ensure protein regulation via specific, oxidative posttranslational modifications as part of cellular signaling processes. Trx proteins function in the manifestation, progression, and recovery following hypoxic/ischemic damage. Here, we analyzed the neuroprotective effects of postinjury, exogenous administration of Grx2 and Trx1 in a neonatal hypoxia/ischemia model. P7 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right common carotid ligation or sham surgery, followed by an exposure to nitrogen. 1 h later, animals were injected i.p. with saline solution, 10 mg/kg recombinant Grx2 or Trx1, and euthanized 72 h postinjury. Results showed that Grx2 administration, and to some extent Trx1, attenuated part of the neuronal damage associated with a perinatal hypoxic/ischemic damage, such as glutamate excitotoxicity, axonal integrity, and astrogliosis. Moreover, these treatments also prevented some of the consequences of the induced neural injury, such as the delay of neurobehavioral development. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating neuroprotective effects of recombinant Trx proteins on the outcome of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia, implying clinical potential as neuroprotective agents that might counteract neonatal hypoxia/ischemia injury.
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Williams SM, Khan G, Harris BT, Ravits J, Sierks MR. TDP-43 protein variants as biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:20. [PMID: 28122516 PMCID: PMC5264476 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TDP-43 aggregates accumulate in individuals affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, representing potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Using an atomic force microscopy based biopanning protocol developed in our lab, we previously isolated 23 TDP-43 reactive antibody fragments with preference for human ALS brain tissue relative to frontotemporal dementia, a related neurodegeneration, and healthy samples from phage-displayed single chain antibody fragment (scFv) libraries. Here we further characterize the binding specificity of these different scFvs and identify which ones have promise for detecting ALS biomarkers in human brain tissue and plasma samples. RESULTS We developed a sensitive capture ELISA for detection of different disease related TDP-43 variants using the scFvs identified from the ALS biopanning. We show that a wide variety of disease selective TDP-43 variants are present in ALS as the scFvs show different reactivity profiles amongst the ALS cases. When assaying individual human brain tissue cases, three scFvs (ALS-TDP6, ALS-TDP10 and ALS-TDP14) reacted with all the ALS cases and 12 others reacted with the majority of the ALS cases, and none of the scFvs reacted with any control samples. When assaying individual human plasma samples, 9 different scFvs reacted with all the sporadic ALS samples and again none of them reacted with any control samples. These 9 different scFvs had different patterns of reactivity with plasma samples obtained from chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (c9orf72) cases indicating that these familial ALS genetic variants may display different TDP-43 pathology than sporadic ALS cases. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that a range of disease specific TDP-43 variants are generated in ALS patients with different variants being generated in sporadic and familial cases. We show that a small panel of scFvs recognizing different TDP-43 variants can generate a neuropathological and plasma biomarker profile with potential to distinguish different TDP-43 pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Williams
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106 USA
| | - Galam Khan
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624 USA
| | - Michael R. Sierks
- Chemical Engineering, The School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106 USA
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Czarzasta J, Habich A, Siwek T, Czapliński A, Maksymowicz W, Wojtkiewicz J. Stem cells for ALS: An overview of possible therapeutic approaches. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 57:46-55. [PMID: 28088365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an unusual, fatal, neurodegenerative disorder leading to the loss of motor neurons. After diagnosis, the average lifespan ranges from 3 to 5 years, and death usually results from respiratory failure. Although the pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear, multiple factors are thought to contribute to the progression of ALS, such as network interactions between genes, environmental exposure, impaired molecular pathways and many others. The neuroprotective properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the paracrine signaling of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been examined in multiple pre-clinical trials of ALS with promising results. The data from these initial trials indicate a reduction in the rate of disease progression. The mechanism through which stem cells achieve this reduction is of major interest. Here, we review the to-date pre-clinical and clinical therapeutic approaches employing stem cells, and discuss the most promising ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czarzasta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Habich
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Siwek
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Czapliński
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland; Neurocentrum Bellevue, Neurology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Maksymowicz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland; Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland; Foundation for nerve cells regeneration, Olsztyn, Poland
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Lee JM, Tan V, Lovejoy D, Braidy N, Rowe DB, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ. Involvement of quinolinic acid in the neuropathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:346-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gasco S, Rando A, Zaragoza P, García-Redondo A, Calvo AC, Osta R. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells as novel prognostic biomarkers of longevity in a murine model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C910-C919. [PMID: 27681176 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00081.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a difficult diagnosis and prognosis. In this regard, new and more reliable biomarkers for the disease are needed. We propose peripheral blood, and, more specifically, the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) as potential prognostic biomarkers in the SOD1G93A murine model of ALS. We accurately and serially studied three HSPCs-hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs)-in both control and SOD1G93A mice along the disease's progression by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We found interesting differences for every HSPC type in the transgenic mice compared with the control mice at every time point selected, as well as differences along the disease course. The results showed a maintained compensatory increase of HSCs along disease progression. However, the downregulated levels of CLPs and CMPs suggested an exit of these cell populations to the peripheral tissues, probably due to their supporting role to the damaged tissues. In addition, a positive correlation of the percentage of CLPs and CMPs with the longevity was found, as well as a positive correlation of HSCs and CMPs with motor function and weight, thus reinforcing the idea that HSPCs play a relevant role in the longevity of the SOD1G93A mice. On the basis of these results, both CLPs and CMPs could be considered prognostic biomarkers of longevity in this animal model, opening the door to future studies in human patients for their potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Gasco
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Health Research Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; and
| | - Amaya Rando
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Health Research Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; and
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Health Research Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; and
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Biochemistry Department, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Health Research Institute, October 12th Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calvo
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Health Research Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; and
| | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Veterinary Faculty of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Health Research Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; and
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Steinacker P, Huss A, Mayer B, Grehl T, Grosskreutz J, Borck G, Kuhle J, Lulé D, Meyer T, Oeckl P, Petri S, Weishaupt J, Ludolph AC, Otto M. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of neurofilament light chain NF-L, but not progranulin and S100B, in the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Data from the German MND-net. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2016; 18:112-119. [PMID: 27819158 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2016.1241279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring blood biomarkers for ALS. We aimed to analyse and compare proposed candidate markers for disease progression in the course of ALS. Blood samples were taken from 125 ALS patients, including nine patients with C9orf72 or SOD1 mutation, at regular intervals of six months. ALS patients were characterized by the ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) and the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS). We quantified neurofilament light chain (NF-L), S100B, and progranulin (PGRN) and analysed it in relation to disease progression. Results showed that, at baseline, serum concentrations of NF-L but not PGRN or S100B discriminated significantly between ALS and controls. Within 24 months follow-up the marker concentrations remained stable. Baseline serum NF-L levels correlated with survival time, which was confirmed in subgroups with fast, intermediate, and slow disease progression and there was a weak association with disease duration. For S100B and PGRN we found an association with ALSFRS-R score changes and a trend for decreased levels in the fast progressor subgroup. In conclusion, serum NF-L in any ALS disease stage is a promising marker to support diagnosis and predict outcome, while serum PGRN and S100B are only of minor prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Huss
- a Department of Neurology , Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- b Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry , Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Torsten Grehl
- c Department of Neurology , Alfried Krupp Hospital , Bochum , Germany
| | | | - Guntram Borck
- e Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Jens Kuhle
- f Neurology, Departments of Medicine , Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Dorothée Lulé
- a Department of Neurology , Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- g Department of Neurology , Charité University Hospital , Berlin , Germany , and
| | - Patrick Oeckl
- a Department of Neurology , Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- h Department of Neurology , Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Otto
- a Department of Neurology , Ulm University , Ulm , Germany
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Abstract
AbstractBackground: Pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) include oxidative stress and inflammation. We conducted a preliminary study to explore these mechanisms, to discuss their link in ALS, and to determine the feasibility of incorporating this combined analysis into current biomarkers research. Methods: We enrolled 10 ALS patients and 10 controls. We measured the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxyde dismutase (SOD), and the levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and glutathione status (e.g. glutathione disulfide, GSSG/reduced glutathione, GSH). We analysed the concentrations of homocysteine, several cytokines, vitamins and metals by standard methods used in routine practice. Results: There was a significant decrease in TAS levels (p=0.027) and increase in 8-OHdG (p=0.014) and MDA (p=0.011) levels in ALS patients. We also observed a significantly higher GSSG/GSH ratio (p=0.022), and IL-6 (p=0.0079) and IL-8 (p=0.009) concentrations in ALS patients. Correlations were found between biological and clinical markers (homosysteine vs. clinical status at diagnosis, p=0.02) and between some biological markers such as IL-6 vs. GSSG/GSH (p=0.045) or SOD activity (p=0.017). Conclusion: We confirmed the systemic alteration of both the redox and the inflammation status in ALS patients, and we observed a link with some clinical parameters. These promising results encourage us to pursue this study with collection of combined oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
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De Marco G, Lomartire A, Calvo A, Risso A, De Luca E, Mostert M, Mandrioli J, Caponnetto C, Borghero G, Manera U, Canosa A, Moglia C, Restagno G, Fini N, Tarella C, Giordana MT, Rinaudo MT, Chiò A. Monocytes of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis linked to gene mutations display altered TDP-43 subcellular distribution. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 43:133-153. [PMID: 27178390 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cytoplasmic accumulation of the nuclear protein transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an early determinant of motor neuron degeneration in most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. We previously disclosed this accumulation in circulating lymphomonocytes (CLM) of ALS patients with mutant TARDBP, the TDP-43-coding gene, as well as of a healthy individual carrying the parental TARDBP mutation. Here, we investigate TDP-43 subcellular localization in CLM and in the constituent cells, lymphocytes and monocytes, of patients with various ALS-linked mutant genes. METHODS TDP-43 subcellular localization was analysed with western immunoblotting and immunocytofluorescence in CLM of healthy controls (n = 10), patients with mutant TARDBP (n = 4, 1 homozygous), valosin-containing protein (VCP; n = 2), fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS; n = 2), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; n = 6), chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72; n = 4), without mutations (n = 5) and neurologically unaffected subjects with mutant TARDBP (n = 2). RESULTS TDP-43 cytoplasmic accumulation was found (P < 0.05 vs. controls) in CLM of patients with mutant TARDBP or VCP, but not FUS, in line with TDP-43 subcellular localization described for motor neurons of corresponding groups. Accumulation also characterized CLM of the healthy individuals with mutant TARDBP and of some patients with mutant SOD1 or C9ORF72. In 5 patients, belonging to categories described to carry TDP-43 mislocalization in motor neurons (3 C9ORF72, 1 TARDBP and 1 without mutations), TDP-43 cytoplasmic accumulation was not detected in CLM or in lymphocytes but was in monocytes. CONCLUSIONS In ALS forms characterized by TDP-43 mislocalization in motor neurons, monocytes display this alteration, even when not manifest in CLM. Monocytes may be used to support diagnosis, as well as to identify subjects at risk, of ALS and to develop/monitor targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Marco
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Lomartire
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Calvo
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - A Risso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - E De Luca
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mostert
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - J Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Sant'Agostino Estense Hospital, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - C Caponnetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Rehabilitation and Child Health, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Borghero
- Department of Neurology, AOU and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - U Manera
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - A Canosa
- ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Rehabilitation and Child Health, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Moglia
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - G Restagno
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - N Fini
- Department of Neuroscience, Sant'Agostino Estense Hospital, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - C Tarella
- Clinical Hemato-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - M T Giordana
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M T Rinaudo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A Chiò
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,ALS Center, University of Turin and AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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Costa J, de Carvalho M. Emerging molecular biomarker targets for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 455:7-14. [PMID: 26774696 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects upper (UMN) and lower motor (LMN) neurons. It is associated with a short survival and there is no effective treatment, in spite of a large number of clinical trials. Strong efforts have been made to identify novel disease biomarkers to support diagnosis, provide information on prognosis, to measure disease progression in trials and increase our knowledge on disease pathogenesis. Electromyography by testing the function of the LMN can be used as a biomarker of its dysfunction. A number of electrophysiological and neuroimaging methods have been explored to identify a reliable marker of UMN degeneration. Recently, strong evidence from independent groups, large cohorts of patients and multicenter studies indicate that neurofilaments are very promising diagnostic biomarkers, in particular cerebrospinal fluid and blood levels of phosphoneurofilament heavy chain and neurofilament light chain. Furthermore, their increased levels are associated with poor prognosis. Additional studies have been performed aiming to identify other biomarkers, which alone or in combination with neurofilaments could increase the sensitivity and the specificity of the assays. Emerging molecular marker targets are being discovered, but more studies with standardized methods are required in larger cohorts of ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Costa
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology-Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Department Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
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Mutant SOD1 mediated pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Gene 2015; 577:109-18. [PMID: 26657039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neural disorder that causes death of the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord; this affects the voluntary muscles and gradually leads to paralysis of the whole body. Most ALS cases are sporadic, though about 5-10% are familial. ALS is caused by multiple factors including mutation in any one of a number of specific genes, one of the most frequently affected is superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1. Alterations in SOD 1 have been linked with several variants of familial ALS. SOD 1 is a powerful antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from the damaging effects of superoxide radicals. The enzyme binds both copper and zinc ions that are directly involved in the deactivation of toxic superoxide radicals. Mutated SOD1 gene can acquire both gain and loss of function mutations. The most commonly identified mutations in SOD1 that affect protein activity are D90A, A4V and G93A. Deleterious mutations have been shown to modify SOD1 activity, which leads to the accumulation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. Accumulation of these free radicals causes degradation of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and protein misfolding, features which can be used as pathological indicators associated with ALS. Numerous clinical trials have been carried out over last few years with limited success. In some patients advanced techniques like gene and stem cell therapy have been trialed. However no definitive treatment option can provide a cure and currently ALS is managed by drugs and other supportive therapies. Consequently there is a need to identify new approaches for treatment of this ultimately fatal disease.
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Level of neurotoxic metals in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A population-based case–control study. J Neurol Sci 2015; 359:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Agrawal M, Biswas A. Molecular diagnostics of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:54. [PMID: 26442283 PMCID: PMC4585189 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics provide a powerful method to detect and diagnose various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The confirmation of such diagnosis allows early detection and subsequent medical counseling that help specific patients to undergo clinically important drug trials. This provides a medical pathway to have better insight of neurogenesis and eventual cure of the neurodegenerative diseases. In this short review, we present recent advances in molecular diagnostics especially biomarkers and imaging spectroscopy for neurological diseases. We describe advances made in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD), and finally present a perspective on the future directions to provide a framework for further developments and refinements of molecular diagnostics to combat neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Agrawal
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Center for Nano Science and Technology, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
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Ehrhart J, Smith AJ, Kuzmin-Nichols N, Zesiewicz TA, Jahan I, Shytle RD, Kim SH, Sanberg CD, Vu TH, Gooch CL, Sanberg PR, Garbuzova-Davis S. Humoral factors in ALS patients during disease progression. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:127. [PMID: 26126965 PMCID: PMC4487852 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons in the CNS and leading to paralysis and death. There are currently no effective treatments for ALS due to the complexity and heterogeneity of factors involved in motor neuron degeneration. A complex of interrelated effectors have been identified in ALS, yet systemic factors indicating and/or reflecting pathological disease developments are uncertain. The purpose of the study was to identify humoral effectors as potential biomarkers during disease progression. METHODS Thirteen clinically definite ALS patients and seven non-neurological controls enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from each ALS patient and control at two visits separated by 6 months. The Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) was used to evaluate overall ALS-patient functional status at each visit. Eleven humoral factors were analyzed in sera. Cytokine levels (GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) were determined using the Bio-Rad Bio-Plex® Luminex 200 multiplex assay system. Nitrite, a breakdown product of NO, was quantified using a Griess Reagent System. Glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured using a Glutathione Fluorometric Assay Kit. RESULTS ALS patients had ALSFRS-R scores of 30.5 ± 1.9 on their first visit and 27.3 ± 2.7 on the second visit, indicating slight disease progression. Serum multiplex cytokine panels revealed statistically significant changes in IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in ALS patients depending on disease status at each visit. Nitrite serum levels trended upwards in ALS patients while serum GSH concentrations were drastically decreased in sera from ALS patients versus controls at both visits. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated a systemic pro-inflammatory state and impaired antioxidant system in ALS patients during disease progression. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and nitrite and significantly decreased endogenous antioxidant GSH levels could identify these humoral constituents as systemic biomarkers for ALS. However, systemic changes in IL-2, IL-5, and IL-6 levels determined between visits in ALS patients might indicate adaptive immune system responses dependent on current disease stage. These novel findings, showing dynamic changes in humoral effectors during disease progression, could be important for development of an effective treatment for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J Smith
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | | | - Theresa A Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - R Douglas Shytle
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Seol-Hee Kim
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | | | - Tuan H Vu
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Clifton L Gooch
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Bakkar N, Boehringer A, Bowser R. Use of biomarkers in ALS drug development and clinical trials. Brain Res 2015; 1607:94-107. [PMID: 25452025 PMCID: PMC4809521 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the discovery of candidate biomarkers for ALS. These biomarkers typically can either differentiate ALS from control subjects or predict disease course (slow versus fast progression). At the same time, late-stage clinical trials for ALS have failed to generate improved drug treatments for ALS patients. Incorporation of biomarkers into the ALS drug development pipeline and the use of biologic and/or imaging biomarkers in early- and late-stage ALS clinical trials have been absent and only recently pursued in early-phase clinical trials. Further clinical research studies are needed to validate biomarkers for disease progression and develop biomarkers that can help determine that a drug has reached its target within the central nervous system. In this review we summarize recent progress in biomarkers across ALS model systems and patient population, and highlight continued research directions for biomarkers that stratify the patient population to enrich for patients that may best respond to a drug candidate, monitor disease progression and track drug responses in clinical trials. It is crucial that we further develop and validate ALS biomarkers and incorporate these biomarkers into the ALS drug development process. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ALS complex pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bakkar
- Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ashley Boehringer
- Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Robert Bowser
- Divisions of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
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McCombe PA, Pfluger C, Singh P, Lim CYH, Airey C, Henderson RD. Serial measurements of phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy in the serum of subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2015; 353:122-9. [PMID: 25958264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for a blood biomarker of disease activity in ALS. This marker needs to measure the loss of motor neurones. Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH) in the serum is a biomarker of axonal injury. Previous studies have found that levels of pNfH are elevated in ALS. We have performed a serial study of pNfH levels in 98 subjects from our ALS clinic. There was significant elevation of levels of pNfH in subjects with ALS compared to controls, although there was considerable variability. In studies of individuals who had two or more serial samples, we found that the levels of pNfH increased over time in the early stage of disease. Levels were low in subjects with long survival. The rate of rise of pNfH was inversely correlated with survival. We suggest that the initial level of pNfH is a marker of disease severity and that changes in pNfH levels are markers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A McCombe
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia.
| | - C Pfluger
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - P Singh
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - C Y H Lim
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - C Airey
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - R D Henderson
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Schubert W. Advances in toponomics drug discovery: Imaging cycler microscopy correctly predicts a therapy method of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cytometry A 2015; 87:696-703. [PMID: 25869332 PMCID: PMC4676937 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An imaging cycler microscope (ICM) is a fully automated (epi)fluorescence microscope which overcomes the spectral resolution limit resulting in parameter- and dimension-unlimited fluorescence imaging. This enables the spatial resolution of large molecular systems with their emergent topological properties (toponome) in morphologically intact cells and tissues displaying thousands of multi protein assemblies at a time. The resulting combinatorial geometry of these systems has been shown to be key for in-vivo/in-situ detection of lead proteins controlling protein network topology and (dys)function: If lead proteins are blocked or downregulated the corresponding disease protein network disassembles. Here, correct therapeutic predictions are exemplified for ALS. ICM drug target studies have discovered an 18-dimensional cell surface molecular system in ALS-PBMC with a lead drug target protein, whose therapeutic downregulation is now reported to show statistically significant effect with stop of disease progression in one third of the ALS patients. Together, this clinical and the earlier experimental validations of the ICM approach indicate that ICM readily discovers in vivo robustness nodes of disease with lead proteins controlling them. Breaking in vivo robustness nodes using drugs against their lead proteins is likely to overcome current high drug attrition rates. © 2015 The Author. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc, on behalf of ISAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Schubert
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Pattern Recognition Research Group, Otto Von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Cloutier F, Marrero A, O'Connell C, Morin P. MicroRNAs as potential circulating biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 56:102-12. [PMID: 25433762 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a condition primarily characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Motor neuron loss gives rise to muscle tissue malfunctions, including weakness, spasticity, atrophy, and ultimately paralysis, with death typically due to respiratory failure within 2 to 5 years of symptoms' onset. The mean delay in time from presentation to diagnosis remains at over 1 year. Biomarkers are urgently needed to facilitate ALS diagnosis and prognosis as well as to act as indicators of therapeutic response in clinical trials. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that can influence posttranscriptional gene expression of a variety of transcript targets. Interestingly, miRNAs can be released into the circulation by pathologically affected tissues. This review presents therapeutic and diagnostic challenges associated with ALS, highlights the potential role of miRNAs in ALS, and discusses the diagnostic potential of these molecules in identifying ALS-specific miRNAs or in distinguishing between the various genotypic and phenotypic forms of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Cloutier
- Institut de l'Atlantique en Neurosciences Atlantic Institute, Vitalité Health Network, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dr Georges-L.-Dumont/Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada,
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