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Kor A, Güven SC, Akan S, Eren F, Ecem Konak H, Maraş Y, Orhan K, Neşelioğlu S, Erten Ş. Serum netrin-1 levels are high in Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Biochem 2024; 127-128:110760. [PMID: 38556035 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data show that netrin-1 has a role in development of pulmonary fibrosis. This study was aimed to investigate serum netrin-1 level and its relation to interstitial lung disease(ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHOD 42 RA patients with RA-ILD, 58 RA patients without RA-ILD (RA non-ILD group), and 61 healthy volunteers were included in this study. The modified DAS28-ESR score was used to calculate disease activity in RA patients. Using the quantitative immunoassay method, Serum netrin-1 levels were measured with an ELISA kit (Catalog number: E-EL-H2328; lab science, lot number: GZWTKZ5SWK, Texas, USA). RESULTS The median value of netrin-1 was found to be significantly higher in the RA-ILD group (82.9 [59.9-124]) compared to both the RA non-ILD group(52.9 [49.5-73.1])(B = -0.006, OR = 0.994, CI 95 %=0.989-0.999, P = 0.018) and the control group(53.5 [49.5-87.5]) (B: -0.005, OR: 0.994, CI 95 %: 0.990-0.999, p: 0.022). A cut-off value of 61.78 for netrin-1 was found to have a sensitivity of 73.8 % and a specificity of 69 % for the diagnosis of RA-ILD (AUC [95 %Cl] = 0.771 [0.679-0.862], p < 0.0001).It was found that high serum netrin-1 level was strongly associated with the RA-usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP) pattern and poorly related to the RA-nonspecific interstitial pneumonia(NSIP) pattern compared to the RA non-ILD group. CONCLUSIONS Netrin-1 is elevated in the serum of patients with RA-ILD, especially in the UIP pattern. Netrin-1 may be a potential candidate for predicting the development of RA-ILD that should be investigated in the pathophysiological and therapeutic fields..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kor
- Department of Rheumatology, Aksaray Education and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Can Güven
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Akan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Eren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ecem Konak
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Maraş
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kevser Orhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Behnoush AH, Khalaji A, Shokri Varniab Z, Rahbarghazi A, Amini E, Klisic A. Urinary and circulatory netrin-1 as biomarker in diabetes and its related complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2024; 84:328-344. [PMID: 37996774 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel biomarkers have been suggested for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes mellitus. The biomarker utility of netrin-1 in diabetes as an extracellular protein has been investigated. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed the role of netrin-1 as a biomarker in prediabetes, diabetes, and complications of diabetes. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies that measured circulatory and/or urinary netrin-1 levels in diabetes and compared them with non-diabetic patients or evaluated the prognostic role of this marker. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random-effect meta-analysis to compare netrin-1 levels between groups. The impact of mean age, male sex percentage, sample size, mean body mass index, and publication year on the overall heterogeneity was assessed using meta-regression. RESULTS Among 413 records from international databases, 19 original studies were included with 2061 cases (1137 diabetics, 196 prediabetics, and 728 healthy controls). Meta-analysis of eight studies measuring netrin-1 in patients with diabetes and comparing it with healthy controls showed no significant difference between the two groups (SMD 0.69, 95% CI -0.78 to 2.16, I2 = 98%, p-value = 0.36). On the other hand, a meta-analysis of netrin-1 levels in patients with prediabetes in comparison with healthy controls revealed that they had lower levels (SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.21, p-value < 0.01). Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria had significantly higher circulatory netrin-1 levels compared to normoalbuminuric group SMD 1.18, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.53, p-value < 0.01 and SMD 1.67, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.58, p-value < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, no difference in urinary netrin-1 levels was found between micro-, macro-, and normoalbuminuric groups (p-value > 0.05). CONCLUSION Netrin-1 showed promising results as a biomarker in diabetes prognosis. However, more studies are required to confirm our findings, and higher sample size studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of this marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shokri Varniab
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Rahbarghazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Amini
- Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aleksandra Klisic
- University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Center for Laboratory Diagnostics, Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro
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3
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Akoum J, Corvol MT, Tahiri K, Anract P, Biau D, Borderie D, Étienne F, Rannou F, Nguyen C. Netrin-1 Secreted by Human Osteoarthritic Articular Chondrocytes Promotes Angiogenesis in Vitro. Cartilage 2022; 13:94-104. [PMID: 36321743 PMCID: PMC9924986 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Netrin-1 expression in articular cartilage is correlated with osteoarthritic changes. We aimed to investigate the contribution of Netrin-1 secreted by human osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes to angiogenesis process in vitro. DESIGN Human articular chondrocytes were extracted from non-osteoarthritic (n = 10) and osteoarthritic (n = 22) joints obtained from surgical specimens and incubated for 24 hours. Medium conditioned by non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes were collected. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with control and conditioned medium and assessed using assays for cell adherence, migration, and tube formation. Netrin-1 expression and secretion was compared between non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes by qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. The role of chondrocyte-secreted Netrin-1 on HUVEC functions was assessed by immunological neutralization using an anti-Netrin-1 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS As compared with medium conditioned by non-osteoarthritic chondrocytes, medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes permitted tube formation by HUVEC. Both non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes expressed Netrin-1 at the RNA and protein levels. At the RNA level, Netrin-1 expression did not differ between non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. At the protein level, Netrin-1 appeared as a full protein of 64 kDa in non-osteoarthritic chondrocytes and as two cleaved proteins of 55 kDa and 64 kDa in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Immunological neutralization of endogenous Netrin-1 reduced the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile of HUVEC treated with the medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes, as well as their capacities to form tubes. CONCLUSIONS Medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes permits tube formation by HUVEC in vitro. This permissive effect is mediated by Netrin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joulnar Akoum
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Corvol
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Tahiri
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Anract
- Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service d’Orthopédie, Hôpital Cochin,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France
| | - David Biau
- Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service d’Orthopédie, Hôpital Cochin,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France,INSERM UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche
Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France
| | - Didier Borderie
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Faculté de Santé, UFR de Pharmacie,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service de Diagnostic Biologique
Automatisé, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université
Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Étienne
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Rannou
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service de Rééducation et de
Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France
| | - Christelle Nguyen
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service de Rééducation et de
Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France,Christelle Nguyen, Service de Rééducation
et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis,
Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Université Paris
Cité, 27, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris 75014, France.
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Mohamed R, Liu Y, Kistler AD, Harris PC, Thangaraju M. Netrin-1 Overexpression Induces Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Novel Mechanism Contributing to Cystogenesis in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:862-875. [PMID: 35358475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cystogenesis are not fully understood. This study describes a novel pathway involved in cyst formation. Transgenic mice overexpressing netrin-1 in proximal tubular cells showed increased production and urinary excretion of netrin-1. Although no cysts were detectable immediately after birth, numerous small cysts were evident by the age of 4 weeks, and disease was accelerated along with age. Surprisingly, cyst formation in the kidney was restricted to male mice, with 80% penetrance. However, ovariectomy induced kidney cyst growth in netrin-1-overexpressing female mice. Cyst development in males was associated with albuminuria and polyuria and increased cAMP excretion in netrin-1 transgenic mice. Netrin-1 overexpression significantly increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and vimentin expression. Interestingly, p53 expression was increased but in an inactive form. Furthermore, netrin-1 expression was increased in cystic epithelia and urine of various rodent models of PKD. siRNA-mediated suppression of netrin-1 significantly reduced cyst growth and improved kidney function in netrin-1 transgenic mice and in two genetic animal models of PKD. Together, these data demonstrate that netrin-1 up-regulation induced cyst formation in autosomal dominant PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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5
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Abdulfattah SY, Baiomy AAB, Youssef JM. Is netrin-1 a reliable inflammatory marker for periodontitis? JOURNAL OF ADVANCED PERIODONTOLOGY & IMPLANT DENTISTRY 2022; 14:1-6. [PMID: 35919444 PMCID: PMC9339723 DOI: 10.34172/japid.2022.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The current study tested netrin-1 as a reliable inflammatory marker of periodontal disease. Methods Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken at baseline from 30 systemically healthy individuals. Fifteen subjects had stage II grade A or B periodontitis, and 15 were periodontally and clinically healthy. Whole-mouth periodontal parameters [probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI)] were recorded. The GCF samples were re-collected, and clinical parameters were re-recorded after six weeks following full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) in the periodontitis group. Results Netrin-1 GCF levels were significantly lower in periodontitis patients than periodontally healthy individuals at baseline with a significant increase in netrin-1 GCF levels after SRP (P<0.05). Conclusion Netrin-1 may have a significant role in the inflammatory process of chronic periodontitis; thus, it could be a promising anti-inflammatory marker in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yasser Abdulfattah
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza Abdel Baky Baiomy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jilan Mohammed Youssef
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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6
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Ziegon L, Schlegel M. Netrin-1: A Modulator of Macrophage Driven Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010275. [PMID: 35008701 PMCID: PMC8745333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrins belong to the family of laminin-like secreted proteins, which guide axonal migration and neuronal growth in the developing central nervous system. Over the last 20 years, it has been established that netrin-1 acts as a chemoattractive or chemorepulsive cue in diverse biological processes far beyond neuronal development. Netrin-1 has been shown to play a central role in cell adhesion, cell migration, proliferation, and cell survival in neuronal and non-neuronal tissue. In this context, netrin-1 was found to orchestrate organogenesis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and inflammation. In inflammation, as in neuronal development, netrin-1 plays a dichotomous role directing the migration of leukocytes, especially monocytes in the inflamed tissue. Monocyte-derived macrophages have long been known for a similar dual role in inflammation. In response to pathogen-induced acute injury, monocytes are rapidly recruited to damaged tissue as the first line of immune defense to phagocyte pathogens, present antigens to initiate the adaptive immune response, and promote wound healing in the resolution phase. On the other hand, dysregulated macrophages with impaired phagocytosis and egress capacity accumulate in chronic inflammation sites and foster the maintenance-and even the progression-of chronic inflammation. In this review article, we will highlight the dichotomous roles of netrin-1 and its impact on acute and chronic inflammation.
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Role of Receptors in Relation to Plaques and Tangles in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312987. [PMID: 34884789 PMCID: PMC8657621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the identification of Aβ plaques and NFTs as biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, therapeutic interventions remain elusive, with neither an absolute prophylactic nor a curative medication available to impede the progression of AD presently available. Current approaches focus on symptomatic treatments to maintain AD patients’ mental stability and behavioral symptoms by decreasing neuronal degeneration; however, the complexity of AD pathology requires a wide range of therapeutic approaches for both preventive and curative treatments. In this regard, this review summarizes the role of receptors as a potential target for treating AD and focuses on the path of major receptors which are responsible for AD progression. This review gives an overall idea centering on major receptors, their agonist and antagonist and future prospects of viral mimicry in AD pathology. This article aims to provide researchers and developers a comprehensive idea about the different receptors involved in AD pathogenesis that may lead to finding a new therapeutic strategy to treat AD.
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8
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Duan L, Woolbright BL, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Late Protective Effect of Netrin-1 in the Murine Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Model. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:168-181. [PMID: 32207522 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver failure is an important clinical problem in the United States and the current antidote N-acetylcysteine, has a short early therapeutic window. Since most patients present late to the clinic, there is need for novel late-acting therapeutic options. Though the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1, has been shown to promote hepatic repair and regeneration during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, its effect in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is unknown. In the quest for a late-acting therapeutic intervention in APAP-induced liver injury, we examined the role of netrin-1 in a mouse model of APAP overdose. Male C57BL/6J mice were cotreated with exogenous netrin-1 or vehicle control, along with 300 mg/kg APAP and euthanized at 6, 12, and 24 h. Significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase indicative of liver injury were seen in control mice at 6 h and this was not affected by netrin-1 administration. Also, netrin-1 treatment did not influence mitochondrial translocation of phospho-JNK, or peroxynitrite formation indicating that there was no interference with APAP-induced injury processes. Interestingly however, netrin-1 administration attenuated liver injury at 24 h, as seen by alanine aminotransferase levels and histology, at which time significant elevations in the netrin-1 receptor, adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) as well as macrophage infiltration was evident. Removal of resident macrophages with clodronate liposomes or treatment with the A2BAR antagonist PSB1115 blocked the protective effects of netrin-1. Thus, our data indicate a previously unrecognized role for netrin-1 in attenuation of APAP hepatotoxicity by enhancing recovery and regeneration, which is mediated through the A2BAR and involves resident liver macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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Mavrogeorgis E, Mischak H, Beige J, Latosinska A, Siwy J. Understanding glomerular diseases through proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:137-157. [PMID: 33779448 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1908893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease is avery common and complex chronic disease. Uncovering the pathological patterns of CKD on the molecular level of bio-fluids and tissue appears to be both vital and promising for a more favorable outcome. We reviewed recently discovered proteomics biomarkers for CKD to provide new insight into disease pathology. AREAS COVERED We review the application of proteome analysis in the context of CKD with various etiologies within the last 5 years. Proteins and peptides associated with CKD as derived from multiple sources (urine, blood and tissue) are reported along with their various biological pathways. EXPERT OPINION A systematic and theoretical comprehension of the CKD pathology is essential for its successful management. The underlying complexity of the disease further requires specific conditions for reliable and interpretable results. In this context, clinical proteomics has resulted in first encouraging findings in CKD. A more complete understanding of the biological pathways related to the disease, based on the scope of a holistic proteomic approach, could improve substantially the management of CKD, especially when in conjunction with the current trend of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Beige
- Division of Nephrology and KfH Renal Unit, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology), Martin-Luther-University Halle, Wittenberg, Germany
| | | | - J Siwy
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
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Abd El-Khalik SR, Sharaby RM, Nasif E, Hamza MB, Ibrahim RR. Netrin-1 and clusterin: Innovative potential diagnostic biomarkers for early renal damage in β-thalassemia major children. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:800-810. [PMID: 33715293 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) suffer from tubular dysfunction even before the onset of any renal impairment symptoms and/or clinical signs. Therefore, identifying innovative biomarkers allowing early renal damage detection has focused attention. AIM This study aims to preliminary assess Netrin-1(NTN-1) and clusterin (CLU) in β-TM children and explore their possible roles as surrogate noninvasive biomarkers of renal tubular dysfunction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, 40 β-TM children and 30 healthy children were enrolled. Routine serum and urinary biochemical variables were determined. Urinary NTN-1 and CLU levels were measured using ELISA and their mRNA expression in PBMCs were assayed using real-time PCR. Serum TNF-α, MDA levels and GST activity were measured. RESULTS Urinary NTN-1 and CLU concentrations and mRNA relative expression levels in PBMCs were significantly increased in β-TM children relative to controls. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers revealed significant elevation in β-TM children compared to controls. The change in these parameters correlated significantly with other renal parameters. ROC curves analysis showed that urinary NTN-1 and CLU levels are of promising diagnostic performance. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NTN-1 and CLU are qualified as new noninvasive biomarker panels for early detection of renal injury in β-TM children. Moreover, urinary NTN-1 is recommended as a precise one during the clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ragab Abd El-Khalik
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Elham Nasif
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Rowida Raafat Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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11
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Chen Z, Chen Y, Zhou J, Li Y, Gong C, Wang X. Netrin-1 reduces lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing the proportion of regulatory T cells. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520926415. [PMID: 32485133 PMCID: PMC7271279 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520926415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation is the primary mechanism of lung ischemia-reperfusion
injury (LIRI) and neurologic factors can regulate inflammatory
immune responses. Netrin-1 is an axonal guidance molecule, but
whether Netrin-1 plays a role in LIRI remains unclear. Methods A mouse model of LIRI was established. Immunohistochemistry was
used to detect expression of Netrin-1 and to enumerate
macrophages and T cells in lung tissue. The proportion of
regulatory T cells (Tregs) was assessed by flow cytometry.
Levels of apoptosis were assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase dUTP nick end staining. Results Numbers of macrophages and T cells in the lung tissues of mice with
LIRI were elevated, while expression of netrin-1 was
significantly decreased. Flow cytometry showed that the
proportion of Tregs in mice with LIRI was significantly
decreased. The proportion of Tregs among lymphocytes was
positively correlated with netrin-1 expression. In
vitro experiments showed that netrin-1 promoted
an increase in Treg proportion through the A2b receptor. Animal
experiments showed that netrin-1 could inhibit apoptosis and
reduce T cell and macrophage infiltration by increasing the
proportion of Tregs, ultimately reducing LIRI. Treg depletion
using an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody blocked the effects of
netrin-1. Conclusion Netrin-1 reduced LIRI by increasing the proportion of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jue Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Changyao Gong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Han Y, Jiang N, Su T, Yang QC, Yan CC, Ye L, Yuan Q, Zhu PW, Li W, Liu ZG, Shao Y. Netrin-1 promotes epithelium repair in corneal injury. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:206-212. [PMID: 32090028 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore netrin-1 functions on corneal epithelium in vitro and in vivo. METHODS In vitro the human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were treated with serum free DMEM-F12 basic media containing 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 800, and 1000 ng/mL of netrin-1, respectively. The cells viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The wound-healing assay was applied to assess the migration proficiency of HCE cells. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell-cycle distribution and apoptosis. In vivo, normal c57 (6wk) mice were demarcated with a trephine in the middle of the cornea to produce a 3-mm circular wound. Mice corneas were inflicted no epithelium with a 3-mm wound displayed, but remained the limbal epithelium intact. A blunt scalpel blade was used to remove the corneal epithelian cells, followed by topical netrin-1 application (200 ng/mL), and the group treated by PBS as control. The treated group was injected netrin-1 into the normal c57 mice inferior subconjunctival 4h before trauma. Mouse corneal inflammation and neovascularization were observed under slit lamp microscope. The apoptosis of corneal cells was determined by TUNEL staining. RESLUTS A concentration of 200 ng/mL netrin-1 enhanced 25% of the HCE viability. The relative migration rates were 76.3% and 100% in control and netrin-1 treated group after cultured 72h. Treated with netrin-1 (200 ng/mL) decreased the apoptosis of HCE cells, as well as decreased their percentage from 19.3%±0.57% to 12.7%±0.42% of the total. The remaining wound area was 1.22 mm2 in control group but 0.22 mm2 in the netrin-1 treated group. Exogenous Netrin-1 inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells of c57 mice. TUNEL-positive cells at the epithelial layer of the corneas of the control and netrin-1 treated c57 mice at 24h after wounding were 43.3% and 16.7% respectively. CONCLUSION Netrin-1 can reduce HCE apoptosis as well as promote its proliferation and migration. Topical application of netrin-1 promotes the injuryed cornea epithelial wound repair and inhibits apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells. These findings may offer potential therapies to repair the defects of corneal epithelial based on netrin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ting Su
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qi-Chen Yang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Cong-Cong Yan
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Pei-Wen Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zu-Guo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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13
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Chen DY, Sun NH, Lu YP, Hong LJ, Cui TT, Wang CK, Chen XH, Wang SS, Feng LL, Shi WX, Fukunaga K, Chen Z, Lu YM, Han F. GPR124 facilitates pericyte polarization and migration by regulating the formation of filopodia during ischemic injury. Theranostics 2019; 9:5937-5955. [PMID: 31534530 PMCID: PMC6735362 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged occlusion of multiple microvessels causes microvascular injury. G protein-coupled receptor 124 (GPR124) has been reported to be required for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier integrity. However, the molecular mechanisms by which GPR124 regulates pericytes during ischemia have remained elusive. Methods: A microsphere embolism-induced ischemia model was used to evaluate the expression of GPR124 following microsphere embolism. Immunocytochemistry and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging were used to assess the expression and distribution of GPR124 in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVPs) and after the treatment with 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The effect of GPR124 knockdown or overexpression on HBVP migration was analyzed in vitro using wound healing assays and a microfluidic device. GPR124 loss-of-function studies were performed in HBVPs and HEK293 cells using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene deletion. Time-lapse imaging was used to assess dynamic changes in the formation of filopodia in an individual cell. Finally, to explore the functional domains required for GPR124 activity, deletion mutants were constructed for each of the N-terminal domains. Results: GPR124 expression was increased in pericytes following microsphere embolism. Morphological analysis showed localization of GPR124 to focal adhesions where GPR124 bound directly to the actin binding protein vinculin and upregulated Cdc42. SIN-1 or OGD treatment redistributed GPR124 to the leading edges of HBVPs where GPR124 signaling was required for pericyte filopodia formation and directional migration. Partial deletion of GPR124 domains decreased SIN-1-induced filopodia formation and cell migration. Conclusion: Taken together, our results provide the first evidence for a role of GPR124 in pericyte migration under ischemic conditions and suggest that GPR124 was essential for Cdc42 activation and filopodia formation.
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14
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Abstract
Macrophages accumulate prominently in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese humans and high fat diet (HFD) fed mice, and this is linked to insulin resistance and type II diabetes. While the mechanisms regulating macrophage recruitment in obesity have been delineated, the signals directing macrophage persistence in VAT are poorly understood. We previously showed that the neuroimmune guidance cue netrin-1 is expressed in the VAT of obese mice and humans, where it promotes macrophage accumulation. To better understand the source of netrin-1 and its effects on adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) fate and function in obesity, we generated mice with myeloid-specific deletion of netrin-1 (Ntn1fl/flLysMCre+/–; Ntn1Δmac). Interestingly, Ntn1Δmac mice showed a modest decrease in HFD-induced adiposity and adipocyte size, in the absence of changes in food intake or leptin, that was accompanied by an increase in markers of adipocyte beiging (Prdm16, UCP-1). Using single cell RNA-seq, combined with conventional histological and flow cytometry techniques, we show that myeloid-specific deletion of netrin-1 caused a 50% attrition of ATMs in HFD-fed mice, particularly of the resident macrophage subset, and altered the phenotype of residual ATMs to enhance lipid handling. Pseudotime analysis of single cell transcriptomes showed that in the absence of netrin-1, macrophages in the obese VAT underwent a phenotypic switch with the majority of ATMs activating a program of genes specialized in lipid handling, including fatty acid uptake and intracellular transport, lipid droplet formation and lipolysis, and regulation of lipid localization. Furthermore, Ntn1Δmac macrophages had reduced expression of genes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, and targeted LCMS/MS metabololipidomics analysis revealed decreases in proinflammatory eicosanoids (5-HETE, 6-trans LTB4, TXB2, PGD2) in the obese VAT. Collectively, our data show that targeted deletion of netrin-1 in macrophages reprograms the ATM phenotype in obesity, leading to reduced adipose inflammation, and improved lipid handling and metabolic function.
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15
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Wu P, Cao Y, Zhao R, Wang Y. Netrin-1 plays a critical role in regulating capacities of epidermal stem cells upon ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1416-1422. [PMID: 31012327 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1593849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the capacities of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) induced by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation has been widely associated with various skin diseases. Netrin-1, a member of the axonal guidance protein family, has displayed diverse biological functions in different types of cells and tissues, mediated by its specific receptor UNC-5 homolog B (UNC5b). In this study, we examined the physiological functions of netrin-1 and UNC5b in ESCs upon UV-B exposure. Our results indicate that UNC5b is expressed in ESCs, and its expression is upregulated in response to UV-B radiation. We found that treatment with netrin-1 prevented UV-B radiation-induced oxidative stress by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4). Additionally, treatment with netrin-1 improved UV-B radiation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. The presence of netrin-1 attenuated UV-B radiation-induced lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release. UV-B exposure resulted in the loss of the capacities of ESCs by reducing the expressions of integrin β1 and Krt19, the two major ESC markers. Importantly, this process was prevented by netrin-1. Silencing of UNC5b abolished the effects of netrin-1 on the expression of integrin β1 and Krt19, suggesting that the effects of netrin-1 in maintaining the capacities of ESCs are dependent on UNC5b. Mechanistically, we found that the Wnt/β-catenin signalling may be involved. Our findings suggest that netrin-1 may serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- a Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China.,b Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery , Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
| | - Yongqian Cao
- a Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Ran Zhao
- a Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Yibing Wang
- a Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
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16
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Finney AC, Orr AW. Guidance Molecules in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1311. [PMID: 30283356 PMCID: PMC6157320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several highly conserved families of guidance molecules, including ephrins, Semaphorins, Netrins, and Slits, play conserved and distinct roles in tissue remodeling during tissue patterning and disease pathogenesis. Primarily, these guidance molecules function as either secreted or surface-bound ligands that interact with their receptors to activate a variety of downstream effects, including cell contractility, migration, adhesion, proliferation, and inflammation. Vascular smooth muscle cells, contractile cells comprising the medial layer of the vessel wall and deriving from the mural population, regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. While capillaries lack a medial layer of vascular smooth muscle, mural-derived pericytes contribute similarly to capillary tone to regulate blood flow in various tissues. Furthermore, pericyte coverage is critical in vascular development, as perturbations disrupt vascular permeability and viability. During cardiovascular disease, smooth muscle cells play a more dynamic role in which suppression of contractile markers, enhanced proliferation, and migration lead to the progression of aberrant vascular remodeling. Since many types of guidance molecules are expressed in vascular smooth muscle and pericytes, these may contribute to blood vessel formation and aberrant remodeling during vascular disease. While vascular development is a large focus of the existing literature, studies emerged to address post-developmental roles for guidance molecules in pathology and are of interest as novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss the roles of guidance molecules in vascular smooth muscle and pericyte function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Christine Finney
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Anthony Wayne Orr
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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17
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CGPS: A machine learning-based approach integrating multiple gene set analysis tools for better prioritization of biologically relevant pathways. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:489-504. [PMID: 30292791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene set enrichment (GSE) analyses play an important role in the interpretation of large-scale transcriptome datasets. Multiple GSE tools can be integrated into a single method as obtaining optimal results is challenging due to the plethora of GSE tools and their discrepant performances. Several existing ensemble methods lead to different scores in sorting pathways as integrated results; furthermore, it is difficult for users to choose a single ensemble score to obtain optimal final results. Here, we develop an ensemble method using a machine learning approach called Combined Gene set analysis incorporating Prioritization and Sensitivity (CGPS) that integrates the results provided by nine prominent GSE tools into a single ensemble score (R score) to sort pathways as integrated results. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, CGPS is the first GSE ensemble method built based on a priori knowledge of pathways and phenotypes. Compared with 10 widely used individual methods and five types of ensemble scores from two ensemble methods, we demonstrate that sorting pathways based on the R score can better prioritize relevant pathways, as established by an evaluation of 120 simulated datasets and 45 real datasets. Additionally, CGPS is applied to expression data involving the drug panobinostat, which is an anticancer treatment against multiple myeloma. The results identify cell processes associated with cancer, such as the p53 signaling pathway (hsa04115); by contrast, according to two ensemble methods (EnrichmentBrowser and EGSEA), this pathway has a rank higher than 20, which may cause users to miss the pathway in their analyses. We show that this method, which is based on a priori knowledge, can capture valuable biological information from numerous types of gene set collections, such as KEGG pathways, GO terms, Reactome, and BioCarta. CGPS is publicly available as a standalone source code at ftp://ftp.cbi.pku.edu.cn/pub/CGPS_download/cgps-1.0.0.tar.gz.
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18
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Paving the way for precision medicine v2.0 in intensive care by profiling necroinflammation in biofluids. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:83-98. [PMID: 30201975 PMCID: PMC6294775 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical diagnosis is typically based on a combination of approaches including clinical examination of the patient, clinical experience, physiologic and/or genetic parameters, high-tech diagnostic medical imaging, and an extended list of laboratory values mostly determined in biofluids such as blood and urine. One could consider this as precision medicine v1.0. However, recent advances in technology and better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying disease will allow us to better characterize patients in the future. These improvements will enable us to distinguish patients who have similar clinical presentations but different cellular and molecular responses. Treatments will be able to be chosen more “precisely”, resulting in more appropriate therapy, precision medicine v2.0. In this review, we will reflect on the potential added value of recent advances in technology and a better molecular understanding of necrosis and inflammation for improving diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. We give a brief overview on the mutual interplay between necrosis and inflammation, which are two crucial detrimental factors in organ and/or systemic dysfunction. One of the challenges for the future will thus be the cellular and molecular profiling of necroinflammation in biofluids. The huge amount of data generated by profiling biomolecules and single cells through, for example, different omic-approaches is needed for data mining methods to allow patient-clustering and identify novel biomarkers. The real-time monitoring of biomarkers will allow continuous (re)evaluation of treatment strategies using machine learning models. Ultimately, we may be able to offer precision therapies specifically designed to target the molecular set-up of an individual patient, as has begun to be done in cancer therapeutics. Critical care mostly implies life-threatening situations involving systemic infection, inflammation and necrosis. Biofluids are an easily accessible source of liquid biopsies that can be used to monitor the evolution of the patient’s critical illness. The cellular and molecular profiling of necrosis and inflammation in biofluids using cutting-edge technologies such as realtime immunodiagnostics, next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry will pave the way for precision medicine v2.0 in critical care. This is needed for data mining approaches to allow patientclustering, identify novel biomarkers and develop novel intervention strategies controlling necrosis and inflammation. The real-time monitoring of biomarkers will allow continued (re)evaluation of treatment strategies using machine learning models. ![]()
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19
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Zhang Y, Chen P, Di G, Qi X, Zhou Q, Gao H. Netrin-1 promotes diabetic corneal wound healing through molecular mechanisms mediated via the adenosine 2B receptor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5994. [PMID: 29662125 PMCID: PMC5902612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrins are secreted chemoattractants with the roles in axon guidance, cell migration and epithelial plasticity. In the present study, we investigated the roles of netrin-1 in the regulation of corneal epithelial wound healing, inflammation response and nerve fiber regeneration in diabetic mice and cultured corneal epithelial cells. In diabetic mice, the expression of netrin-1 was decreased when compared with that of normal mice. Furthermore, high glucose blocked the wounding-induced up-regulation of netrin-1 expression in corneal epithelial cells. Exogenous netrin-1 promoted the corneal epithelial wound healing in diabetic mice, and facilitated the proliferation and migration by reactivating the phosphorylation of ERK and EGFR in high-glucose treated corneal epithelial cells. Moreover, netrin-1 decreased the neutrophil infiltration and promoted M2 macrophage transition, accompanied with the attenuated expression of pro-inflammatory factors in diabetic mouse corneal epithelium. The promotions of netrin-1 on corneal epithelial wound healing and inflammation resolution were mediated at least through the adenosine 2B receptor. In addition, netrin-1 promoted the regeneration of corneal nerve fibers that was impaired in diabetic mice. Taken together, netrin-1 regulates corneal epithelial wound healing, inflammation response and nerve fiber regeneration in diabetic mice, indicating the potential application for the therapy of diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Qi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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20
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Yimer EM, Zewdie KA, Hishe HZ. Netrin as a Novel Biomarker and Its Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes-Associated Complications. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8250521. [PMID: 30320139 PMCID: PMC6167572 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8250521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome and is one of the shared long-lasting illnesses globally. It is linked to long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications that contribute to disability, compromised quality of life, and reduction in lifespan, which eventually leads to death. This disease is not only incurring significant economic burden but also adversely affects the patients, caregivers, communities, and the society at large. The interruption of diabetes progress and its complications is a primary focus of scientific communities. In spite of various diagnostic modalities for diabetes, there is a limited marker to investigate the risk and progress of its complications. Netrin has recently received more attention as a biomarker of diabetes and a broader range of long-term complication. Therefore, the impetus of this review is to exhaustively discuss the role of Netrin as a potential biomarker and its therapeutic implication in diabetes and diverse sets of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. It also discourses the possible mechanisms of Netrin for the said pharmacological effect for a better understanding of the development and progression of diabetes and its complications in relation to this protein. It enables protective measures to be applied at the subclinical stage and the responses to preventive or therapeutic measures to be scrutinized. Besides, it might also facilitate the appraisal of novel therapeutic options for diabetes and various complications through modifying the endogenous Netrin and provide surrogate endpoints for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim M. Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Zeru Hishe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
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21
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Mirakaj V, Rosenberger P. Immunomodulatory Functions of Neuronal Guidance Proteins. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:444-456. [PMID: 28438491 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) were originally identified for their role during the embryonic development of the nervous system. Recent years have seen the discovery of NGP functions during immune responses. In this context, NGPs were demonstrated to control leukocyte migration and the release of cytokines during conditions of acute inflammation, such as lung injury or sepsis. However, NGPs also display potent actions in the resolution of inflammation, chronic inflammatory conditions, the development of atherosclerosis, and during ischemia followed by reperfusion. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about the role of NGPs in the immune system and describe their immunomodulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valbona Mirakaj
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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22
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Zhang L, Dan Q, Zou Y, Xia Q, Yuan H. Breviscapine promotes functional recovery in rats with traumatic brain injury associated with netrin‐1 upregulation. IBRAIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2017.tb00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang‐Chun Zhang
- Center of Experimental Animals, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Qi‐Qin Dan
- Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zou
- Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qing‐Jie Xia
- Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Spinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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23
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Mediero A, Wilder T, Ramkhelawon B, Moore KJ, Cronstein BN. Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5b are novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. FASEB J 2016; 30:3835-3844. [PMID: 27502509 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600615r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of joints. Netrin-1, a chemorepulsant, laminin-like matrix protein, promotes inflammation by preventing macrophage egress from inflamed sites and is required for osteoclast differentiation. We asked whether blockade of Netrin-1 or its receptors [Unc5b and DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma)] may be useful therapeutic targets for treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis was induced in 8-wk-old C57Bl/6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of K/BxN serum. Murine monoclonal antibodies against Netrin-1, Unc5b, or DCC (10 µg/mouse) were injected weekly for 4 wk (n = 10). Paw swelling and thickness were assessed and following euthanasia 2-4 wk after serum transfer, paws were prepared for micro-computed tomography and histology. Paw inflammation was maximal 2 wk after injection. Anti-Netrin-1 or anti-Unc5b, but not anti-DCC, antibodies significantly reduced paw inflammation (clinical score: 9.8 ± 0.8, 10.4 ± 0.9, and 13.5 ± 0.5, respectively vs 16 ± 0 for control; P < 0.001). Micro-computed tomography showed bony erosions in untreated or anti-DCC-treated mice, whereas there were no erosions in anti-Netrin-1/anti-Unc5b-treated-animals. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining demonstrated a marked decrease in osteoclasts in anti-Netrin-1/anti-Unc5b-treated animals. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a decrease in cathepsin K+ and CD68+ cells in anti-Netrin-1/anti-Unc5b-treated animals. Blockade of Netrin-1/Unc5b by monoclonal antibodies prevents bone destruction and reduces the severity of K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis. Netrin-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for treatment of inflammatory bone destruction.-Mediero, A., Wilder, T., Ramkhelawon, B., Moore, K. J., Cronstein, B. N. Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5b are novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Tuere Wilder
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce N Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA; and
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New "Guidance" for the Treatment of Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Through Semaphorins and Plexins. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:1623-4. [PMID: 27428130 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Layne K, Ferro A, Passacquale G. Netrin-1 as a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease: to activate or inhibit? Cardiovasc Res 2015. [PMID: 26209250 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrins are a family of laminin-like proteins, which were initially identified for their role in embryonic axonal guidance. Over recent years, it has become apparent that netrin-1 may additionally be involved in the underlying pathology of several multisystem diseases, making it an attractive potential therapeutic target. It is involved in postnatal angiogenesis, particularly in the context of an ischaemic insult, although there are conflicting reports as to whether netrin-1 acts in a pro- or anti-angiogenic capacity. In atherosclerosis, opposing effects have similarly been reported on plaque progression, due to the ability of netrin-1 to inhibit both macrophage egress from and monocyte ingress into lesions. Netrin-1 has also been shown to exert a cardioprotective action in the context of ischaemia-reperfusion injury following myocardial infarction. Moreover, urinary netrin-1 levels rise in response to acute kidney injury and at a faster rate than traditional markers of renal impairment, highlighting a potential clinical role for netrin-1 as a biomarker of renal function. The increased urinary excretion of netrin-1 during kidney disease is paralleled by a down-regulation of its plasma levels, with potential implications at a systemic level. In summary, the role of netrin-1 in cardiovascular disease is an emerging area of research requiring further in-depth study to elucidate its mechanism of action and potential as a therapeutic target, especially in view of its seemingly contradictory actions in certain physiological pathways which serve to highlight its manifold and often opposite effects in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Layne
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Albert Ferro
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Gabriella Passacquale
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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