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Di Azevedo MIN, Borges ALDSB, Kremer F, de Melo JDSL, Carvalho-Costa FA, Lilenbaum W. Genetic Analysis of LigA, LipL32, Loa22, and OmpL1 Antigens from Leptospira spp. Sejroe Serogroup: How Close We Are To a Vaccine Against Bovine Leptospirosis? Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:310. [PMID: 37535179 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leptospirosis has as main causative agents Leptospira spp. from Sejroe serogroup. Vaccination is a crucial step to control this infection. The use of conserved proteins among Leptospira spp. is of great importance for a protective immune response. The aim of the present study is to genetically analyze antigens of Leptospira spp. from Sejroe serogroup strains isolated from cattle for a preliminary evaluation of vaccine candidates. Genes associated with antigenicity-LigA, LipL32, Loa22, and OmpL1-were analyzed through bioinformatic and immunoinformatic tools. Despite high diversity observed in strains, on an amino acid level, highly conserved regions were observed (> 90%), particularly in LipL32 gene. Moreover, highly conserved amino acid regions (> 30 aa) were observed in all genes, regardless of species, geographical origin or biological source of isolation. Superposed structures of protein fragments including all the predicted MHC-II and B-Cell epitopes were demonstrated. Results presented herein are preliminary, but a fundamental step towards the development of an efficient vaccine against bovine leptospirosis, a silent but enormously concerning disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederico Kremer
- Technological Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Fluminense Federal University, Biomedical Institute, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Takahashi MB, Teixeira AF, Nascimento ALTO. Overcoming problems to produce the recombinant protein LipL21 of Leptospira interrogans. Biotechniques 2023; 74:137-142. [PMID: 37067289 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of leptospiral recombinant proteins in the soluble form and in high yield from Escherichia coli is still a challenge. This work presents the cloning, expression and purification of the outer membrane protein of Leptospira interrogans, LipL21, which is considered an interesting target for vaccine and diagnostics development. The expression profile and yield of LipL21 was compared after cloning in the vectors pAE, pET28a and pET-SUMO, and it was observed that LipL21 was expressed in a low amount with pAE vector. By using the pET-28a vector, protein expression was increased, but the majority of the product was obtained as inclusion bodies. As a highlight, using a pET-SUMO vector was shown to overcome the problems of low expression and solubility of the lipoprotein LipL21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Takahashi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 2415 - 05508-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, São Paulo, 1500 - 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Florencio Teixeira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, São Paulo, 1500 - 05503-900, Brazil
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Hsu SH, Yang CW. Insight into the Structure, Functions, and Dynamics of the Leptospira Outer Membrane Proteins with the Pathogenicity. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030300. [PMID: 35323775 PMCID: PMC8951592 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis that frequently occurs in tropical and subtropical countries. Leptospira enters the host through wounds or mucous membranes and spreads to the whole body through the blood, causing systemic infection. Kidneys are the preferential site where Leptospira accumulates, especially in the renal interstitium and renal tubule epithelial cells. Clinical symptoms in humans include high fever, jaundice, renal failure, and severe multiple-organ failure (Weil’s syndrome). Surface-exposed antigens are located at the outermost layer of Leptospira and these potential virulence factors are likely involved in primary host-pathogen interactions, adhesion, and/or invasion. Using the knockout/knockdown techniques to the evaluation of pathogenicity in the virulence factor are the most direct and effective methods and many virulence factors are evaluated including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Leptospira lipoprotein 32 (LipL32), Leptospira ompA domain protein 22 (Loa22), LipL41, LipL71, Leptospira immunoglobulin-like repeat A (LigA), LigB, and LipL21. In this review, we will discuss the structure, functions, and dynamics of these virulence factors and the roles of these virulence factors in Leptospira pathogenicity. In addition, a protein family with special Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) will also be discussed for their vital role in Leptospira pathogenicity. Finally, these surface-exposed antigens are discussed in the application of the diagnosis target for leptospirosis and compared with the serum microscope agglutination test (MAT), the gold standard for leptospirosis.
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Techawiwattanaboon T, Thaibankluay P, Kreangkaiwal C, Sathean-Anan-Kun S, Khaenam P, Makjaroen J, Pisitkun T, Patarakul K. Surface proteomics and label-free quantification of Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009983. [PMID: 34843470 PMCID: PMC8659334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis with a global distribution. Surface-exposed outer membrane proteins (SE-OMPs) are crucial for bacterial-host interactions. SE-OMPs locate and expose their epitope on cell surface where is easily accessed by host molecules. This study aimed to screen for surface-exposed proteins and their abundance profile of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona. Two complementary approaches, surface biotinylation and surface proteolytic shaving, followed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were employed to identify SE-OMPs of intact leptospires. For quantitative comparison, in-depth label-free analysis of SE-OMPs obtained from each method was performed using MaxQuant. The total number of proteins identified was 1,001 and 238 for surface biotinylation and proteinase K shaving, respectively. Among these, 39 were previously known SE-OMPs and 68 were predicted to be localized on the leptospiral surface. Based on MaxQuant analysis for relative quantification, six known SE-OMPs including EF- Tu, LipL21, LipL41, LipL46, Loa22, and OmpL36, and one predicted SE-OMPs, LipL71 were found in the 20 most abundant proteins, in which LipL41 was the highest abundant SE-OMP. Moreover, uncharacterized LIC14011 protein (LIP3228 ortholog in serovar Pomona) was identified as a novel predicted surface βb-OMP. High-abundance leptospiral SE-OMPs identified in this study may play roles in virulence and infection and are potential targets for development of vaccine or diagnostic tests for leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasit Techawiwattanaboon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praparat Thaibankluay
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chahya Kreangkaiwal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwitra Sathean-Anan-Kun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Center for Standardization and Product Validation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok-Noi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Makjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanitha Patarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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Rantam FA, Prakoeswa CRS, Tinduh D, Nugraha J, Susilowati H, Wijaya AY, Puspaningsih NNT, Puspitasari D, Husada D, Kurniati ND, Aryati A. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 East Java isolate, Indonesia. F1000Res 2021; 10:480. [PMID: 34621509 PMCID: PMC8453313 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53137.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Incidents of SARS-CoV-2 in East Java increased steadily, and it became the second epicenter in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a dire multisectoral crisis all around the world. This study investigates and characterizes local isolates from East Java, Indonesia. Methods: There were 54 patients suspected with SARS-COV-2 infection and 27 patients were COVID-19 positive. Virus isolates were obtained from COVID-19 inpatients’ nasopharyngeal swabs at the Dr Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Surabaya. There were only three isolates (#6, #11, #35) with good growth characteristics. Serial blind passage and cytopathic effect observation in the Vero E6 cell line were performed for virus isolation. Confirmation of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was proven by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions using SARS-CoV-2 specific primers, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy examination. Whole genome sequencing was performed using ARTIC protocol. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 characterization was identified through a western blot using rabbit serum immunized with inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and human natural COVID-19 infection serum. Results: Spike gene analysis of three samples (#6, #11, #35) found that the D614G mutation was detected in all isolates, although one isolate exhibited the D215Y and E484D mutation. Based on whole genome analysis, those three isolates were included in clade 20A, and two isolates were included in lineage B.1.6 with one isolate belongs to lineage B.1.4.7. Conclusion: Based on molecular characterization and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 East Java, Indonesia showed high titer and it has mutation in some regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia.,Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
- Professioal Education and Research, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Damayanti Tinduh
- Research and Development Board, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Jusak Nugraha
- Clinical Pathology Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Helen Susilowati
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Andi Yasmin Wijaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih
- Bioresource Engineering Group in Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering (BIOME), Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Dwiyanti Puspitasari
- Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Dominicus Husada
- Pediatrics Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Neneng Dewi Kurniati
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Aryati Aryati
- Clinical Pathology Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60132, Indonesia
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Monica N, Rathinasabapathi P, Ramya M. Development of real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RealAmp) method for sensitive and rapid detection of pathogenic and nonpathogenicLeptospira. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 68:196-203. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Monica
- Department of Genetic Engineering; School of Bioengineering; SRM Institute of Science and Technology; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - P. Rathinasabapathi
- Department of Genetic Engineering; School of Bioengineering; SRM Institute of Science and Technology; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
| | - M. Ramya
- Department of Genetic Engineering; School of Bioengineering; SRM Institute of Science and Technology; Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu India
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DNA vaccines against leptospirosis: A literature review. Vaccine 2017; 35:5559-5567. [PMID: 28882437 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. The vaccines that are currently available for leptospirosis are composed of whole-cell preparations and suffer from limitations such as low efficacy, multiple side-effects, poor immunological memory and lack of cross-protection against different serovars of Leptospira spp. In light of the global prevalence of this disease, the development of a more effective vaccine against leptospirosis is of paramount importance. Genetic immunization is a promising alternative to conventional vaccine development. In the last 25years, several novel strategies have been developed for increasing the efficacy of DNA vaccines. Examples of such strategies include the introduction of novel plasmid vectors, adjuvants, alternate delivery routes, and prime-boost regimens. Herein we discuss the latest and most promising advances that have been made in developing DNA vaccines against leptospirosis. We also deliberate over the future directions that must be undertaken in order to improve results in this field.
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Khamassi Khbou M, Haouala K, Benzarti M. High frequency of seropositivity of Leptospira in cattle in North Tunisia. Vet Med Sci 2016; 3:13-21. [PMID: 29067205 PMCID: PMC5645833 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors report a survey carried out in a cattle farm between January and April 2009 in Mateur region (Northern Tunisia). Seroprevalence by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was estimated to 81.4 ± 6% and 35 ± 2% in cows and calves, respectively. Seropositivity to more than one serovar was noticed in 91% (81/89) of infected animals. The examination of the distribution pattern of Leptospira serovars involved in this outbreak indicates that serovar Pomona was the predominant one (75.3%), followed by Autumnalis (59.5%), Bim (58.4%) and Munchen (55%). High titres (between 400 and 6400) were found in 68.7% of the tested animals and were correlated with clinical onset of leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is an underestimated pathogen in Tunisia; further investigations are needed to study the epidemiology both in man and animals and to implement effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médiha Khamassi Khbou
- Laboratoire des Maladies ContagieusesZoonoses et Législation SanitaireUniv. ManoubaEcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi ThabetSidi Thabet2020Tunisia
| | - Kamel Haouala
- Office des Terres Domaniales, Ministére de ĺAgriculture et des Ressources HydrauliquesTunisTunisia
| | - M'hammed Benzarti
- Laboratoire des Maladies ContagieusesZoonoses et Législation SanitaireUniv. ManoubaEcole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi ThabetSidi Thabet2020Tunisia
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Anita K, Premlatha MM, Kanagavel M, Akino Mercy CS, Raja V, Shanmughapriya S, Natarajaseenivasan K. Evaluation of combined B cell specific N-terminal immunogenic domains of LipL21 for diagnosis of leptospirosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:465-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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