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do Amaral LA, Farias Pereira Subtil Cavalcante AC, da Silva Fleming de Almeida T, Marques Romeiro Santos M, Candeloro Portugal L, Suzuki Dos Santos B, Bittencourt FF, Troquez T, Domingues Nazário CE, Fontoura Cavalheiro L, Murino Rafacho BP, Monreal ACD, Oliveira RJ, Freitas Dos Santos E. Acute and subacute (28 days) oral toxicity studies of tucum almond oil ( Bactris Setosa Mart.) in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:1754-1760. [PMID: 33441004 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1871737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oils extracted from almonds are often used with particular interest due to their prospective health effects and benefits. Tucum is a Pantanal fruit widely consumed by local population and no in vivo toxicity studies regarding its safety are available in the literature to date. This study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of tucum almond oil (TAO) in mice by evaluating its safety profile. For the acute (2000 mg/kg) and subacute (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) toxicity studies, TAO was administered orally to mice according to 425 and 407 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines, respectively. Food intake, body, and organ weight of animals were recorded. Signs of toxicity were assessed, and hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or behavioral changes were observed in mice treated with 2000 mg/kg, indicating that LD50 is higher than this dose. In the subacute toxicity test, the doses evaluated did not produce relevant changes in hematological, biochemical or histopathological parameters in the exposed animals. The data obtained suggest that TAO did not induce toxicity after exposure to a single or repeated doses and LD50 value may be considered to be more than 2000 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luane Aparecida do Amaral
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirelly Marques Romeiro Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Suzuki Dos Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Troquez
- Clinical Laboratory, University Center of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Stem Cell, Cell Therapy and Toxicological Genetics Research Centre, Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, University Hospital, Brazilian Hospital Services Company, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Elisvânia Freitas Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, Abo El-Maaty HM. The Effects of Different Oil Sources on Performance, Digestive Enzymes, Carcass Traits, Biochemical, Immunological, Antioxidant, and Morphometric Responses of Broiler Chicks. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:181. [PMID: 32411732 PMCID: PMC7198761 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This research evaluate the influence of different oil sources, namely fish oil (FO), coconut oil (CocO), canola oil (CanO), or a mixture of the three oils (MTO)—included at 1.5% in broiler diets—compared to a no oil-supplemented diet. Hence, 250 unsexed, 1-day-old Cobb chicks were weighed and randomly allocated into five dietary treatment groups of 50 chicks each and five replicates per group. Oil-supplemented diets significantly increased the growth, improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and decreased the abdominal fat percentage compared to the control diet. Amylase was significantly elevated due to feeding the FO- or CocO-supplemented-diet compared to the control diet, whereas lipase increased due to offering CocO- and CanO-enriched diet; chymotrypsin increased due to different oil sources. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased markedly due to offering an oil-supplemented diet, but low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio, and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. Blood plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM significantly increased due to feeding CocO, CanO, or MTO compared to the control group, whereas FO increased IgG only. FO- and CanO-containing diets resulted in the highest increase in α2-globulin and γ-globulin. The antibody titer to avian influenza (HIAI) and Newcastle disease (HIND) were significantly elevated due to CocO supplementation compared to the control group. The bursa follicle length and width and thymus cortex depth were increased considerably due to the FO-supplemented diet compared to the control, but the follicle length:width ratio decreased. The villus height:depth ratio was significantly elevated due to both the CanO and MTO diets. The antioxidant status improved considerably due to the addition of CocO and CanO. Both CanO and MTO similarly increased plasma T3, T4, and the T3:T4 ratio. In conclusion, oil supplementations at 1.5% enhanced growth performance and immune status, improved the blood lipid profile and antioxidants status, and the effect of the oil sources depends on the criteria of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Attia
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayam M Abo El-Maaty
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Md Yusof AH, Abd Gani SS, Zaidan UH, Halmi MIE, Zainudin BH. Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Condition for Flavonoid Compounds from Cocoa Shells ( Theobroma cacao) Using Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2019; 24:E711. [PMID: 30781448 PMCID: PMC6412431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Malaysian cocoa shell extracts, and optimization using response surface methodology. There are three variables involved in this study, namely: ethanol concentration (70⁻90 v/v %), temperature (45⁻65 °C), and ultrasound irradiation time (30⁻60 min). All of the data were collected and analyzed for variance (ANOVA). The coefficient of determination (R²) and the model was significant in interaction between all variables (98% and p < 0.0001, respectively). In addition, the lack of fit test for the model was not of significance, with p > 0.0684. The ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time that yielded the maximum value of the total flavonoid content (TFC; 7.47 mg RE/g dried weight (DW)) was 80%, 55 °C, and 45 min, respectively. The optimum value from the validation of the experimental TFC was 7.23 ± 0.15 mg of rutin, equivalent per gram of extract with ethanol concentration, temperature, and ultrasound irradiation time values of 74.20%, 49.99 °C, and 42.82 min, respectively. While the modelled equation fits the data, the T-test is not significant, suggesting that the experimental values agree with those predicted by the response surface methodology models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arief Huzaimi Md Yusof
- Malaysia Cocoa Board, Cocoa Innovative and Technology Centre, Lot 12621 Nilai Industrial Area, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
- Halal Products Research Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Salwa Abd Gani
- Halal Products Research Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Badrul Hisyam Zainudin
- Malaysia Cocoa Board, Cocoa Innovative and Technology Centre, Lot 12621 Nilai Industrial Area, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Zhu C, Han TL, Zhao Y, Zhou X, Mao X, Qi H, Baker PN, Zhang H. A mouse model of pre-pregnancy maternal obesity combined with offspring exposure to a high-fat diet resulted in cognitive impairment in male offspring. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:159-166. [PMID: 29698637 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a brain dysfunction characterized by neuropsychological deficits in attention, working memory, and executive function. Maternal obesity and consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in the offspring has been suggested to have detrimental consequences for offspring cognitive function through its effect on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal obesity and offspring HFD exposure on the brain metabolome of the offspring. METHODS In our pilot study, a LepRdb/+ mouse model was used to model pre-pregnancy maternal obesity and the c57bl/6 wildtype was used as a control group. Offspring were fed either a HFD or a low-fat control diet (LFD) after weaning (between 8 and 10 weeks). The Mirrors water maze was performed between 28 and 30 weeks to measure cognitive function. Fatty acid metabolomic profiles of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus from the offspring at 30-32 weeks were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The memory of male offspring from obese maternal mice, consuming a HFD post-weaning, was significantly impaired when compared to the control offspring mice. No significant differences were observed in female offspring. In male mice, the fatty acid metabolites in the prefrontal cortex were most affected by maternal obesity, whereas, the fatty acid metabolites in the hippocampus were most affected by the offspring's diet. Hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were significantly affected in both the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex, as a result of maternal obesity and a HFD in the offspring. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the combination of maternal obesity and HFD in the offspring can result in spatial cognitive deficiency in the male offspring, by influencing the fatty acid metabolite profiles in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Further research is needed to validate the results of our pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xin Qiao Hospital, The Second Medical College of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yalan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip N Baker
- Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Canada - China -New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Palazhy S, Kamath P, Vasudevan DM. Dietary Fats and Oxidative Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Coronary Artery Disease Subjects Consuming Coconut Oil/Sunflower Oil. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:69-74. [PMID: 29371772 PMCID: PMC5766459 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Coconut oil has been used by the people of Kerala as a cooking medium for several decades. Due to its alleged hypercholesterolemic activity, general population in recent times is shifting to cooking oils rich in polyunsaturated fats, the most popular being sunflower oil. The effect of long-term consumption of sunflower oil on oxidative stress in humans is not well investigated. We studied oxidative stress among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who were consuming coconut oil or sunflower oil as a part of their routine diet. Men, aged 35-70 years, with established CAD, who presented to the hospital for routine cardiac evaluations, were enrolled in this observational study. Group 1 and 2 consisted of 73 and 80 subjects consuming coconut oil and sunflower oil respectively for over a period of 2 years. Lipid profile and parameters for oxidative stress were evaluated among them. Conventional lipid parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups. Mean vitamin C concentration was significantly reduced for subjects on sunflower oil compared to those consuming coconut oil (P = 0.044). Malondialdehyde was higher for sunflower oil consumers compared to coconut oil consumers (P < 0.0001). Other parameters such as oxidized LDL, GSH, GPx and SOD were not found to be significantly different between the two groups. The results of the present study show that coconut oil did not induce hypercholesterolemia compared to sunflower oil. On the other hand, sunflower oil group had elevated oxidative stress compared to coconut oil group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitha Palazhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Amrita School of Medicine, Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
| | - Prakash Kamath
- Department of Cardiology, Amrita School of Medicine, Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
| | - D. M. Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Amrita School of Medicine, Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
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Hashempour-Baltork F, Torbati M, Azadmard-Damirchi S, Savage GP. Vegetable oil blending: A review of physicochemical, nutritional and health effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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