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Tong Z, Zhang X, Guo X, Wu G, Cao S, Zhang Y, Meng X, Wang T, Wang Y, Song Y, Yang R, Du Z. Delivery of Yersinia pestis antigens via Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles offered improved protection against plague. mSphere 2024:e0033024. [PMID: 39158304 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00330-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria can be used as a vaccine platform to deliver heterologous antigens. Here, the major protective antigens of Yersinia pestis, F1 and LcrV, were fused either with the leader sequence or the transmembrane domain of the outer membrane protein A (OmpA), resulting in chimeric proteins OmpA-ls-F1V and OmpA46-159-F1V, respectively. We show that OmpA-ls-F1V and OmpA46-159-F1V can be successfully delivered into the lumen and membrane of the OMVs of Escherichia coli, respectively. Mutation of ompA but not tolR in E. coli enhanced the delivery efficiency of OmpA-ls-F1V into OMVs. The OmpA-ls-F1V protein comprises up to 20% of the total protein in OMVs derived from the ompA mutant (OMVdA-ALS-F1V), a proportion significantly higher than the 1% observed for OmpA46-159-F1V in OMVs produced by an ompA mutant that expresses OmpA46-159-F1V, referred to as OMVdA-LATM5-F1V. Intramuscular (i.m.) immunization of mice with OMVdA-ALS-F1V induced significantly higher levels of serum anti-LcrV and anti-F1 IgG, and provided higher efficacy in protection against subcutaneous (s.c.) Y. pestis infection compared to OMVdA-LATM5-F1V and the purified recombinant F1V (rF1V) protein adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide. The three-dose i.m. immunization with OMVdA-ALS-F1V, administered at 14-day intervals, provides complete protection to mice against s.c. infection with 130 LD50 of Y. pestis 201 and conferred 80% against intranasal (i.n.) challenge with 11.4 LD50 of Y. pestis 201. Taken together, our findings indicate that the engineered OMVs containing F1V fused with the leader sequence of OmpA provide significantly higher protection than rF1V against both s.c. and i.n. infection of Y. pestis and more balanced Th1/Th2 responses.IMPORTANCEThe two major protective antigens of Y. pestis, LcrV and F1, have demonstrated the ability to elicit systemic and local mucosal immune responses as subunit vaccines. However, these vaccines have failed to provide adequate protection against pneumonic plague in African green monkeys. Here, Y. pestis F1 and LcrV antigens were successfully incorporated into the lumen and the surface of the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of E. coli by fusion either with the leader sequence or the transmembrane domain of OmpA. We compared the humoral immune response elicited by these OMV formulations and their protective efficacy in mice against Y. pestis. Our results demonstrate that the plague OMV vaccine candidates can induce robust protective immunity against both s.c. and i.n. Y. pestis infections, surpassing the effectiveness of rF1V. In addition, immunization with OMVs generated a relatively balanced Th1/Th2 immune response compared to rF1V immunization. These findings underscore the potential of OMVs-based plague vaccines for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gengshan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangze Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Public Health School, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Doré E, Boilard E. Bacterial extracellular vesicles and their interplay with the immune system. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108443. [PMID: 37210006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal tract harbors trillions of microorganisms confined within this space by mucosal barriers. Despite these barriers, bacterial components may still be found elsewhere in the body, even in healthy subjects. Bacteria can release small lipid-bound particles, also named bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEV). While bacteria themselves cannot normally penetrate the mucosal defense, bEVs may infiltrate the barrier and disseminate throughout the body. The extremely diverse cargo that bEVs can carry, depending on their parent species, strain, and growth conditions, grant them an equally broad potential to interact with host cells and influence immune functions. Herein, we review the current knowledge of processes underlying the uptake of bEVs by mammalian cells, and their effect on the immune system. Furthermore, we discuss how bEVs could be targeted and manipulated for diverse therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Doré
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche ARThrite - Arthrite, Recherche, Traitements, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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3
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Yan L, Jin Y, Zhang B, Xu Y, Peng X, Qin S, Chen L. Diverse Aquatic Animal Matrices Play a Key Role in Survival and Potential Virulence of Non-O1/O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolates. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:896767. [PMID: 35801116 PMCID: PMC9255913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.896767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae can cause pandemic cholera in humans. The waterborne bacterium is frequently isolated from aquatic products worldwide. However, current literature on the impact of aquatic product matrices on the survival and pathogenicity of cholerae is rare. In this study, the growth of eleven non-O1/0O139 V. cholerae isolates recovered from eight species of commonly consumed fish and shellfish was for the first time determined in the eight aquatic animal matrices, most of which highly increased the bacterial biomass when compared with routine trypsin soybean broth (TSB) medium. Secretomes of the V. cholerae isolates (draft genome size: 3,852,021–4,144,013 bp) were determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE-GE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. Comparative secretomic analyses revealed 74 differential extracellular proteins, including several virulence- and resistance-associated proteins secreted by the V. cholerae isolates when grown in the eight matrices. Meanwhile, a total of 8,119 intracellular proteins were identified, including 83 virulence- and 8 resistance-associated proteins, of which 61 virulence-associated proteins were absent from proteomes of these isolates when grown in the TSB medium. Additionally, comparative genomic and proteomic analyses also revealed several strain-specific proteins with unknown functions in the V. cholerae isolates. Taken, the results in this study demonstrate that distinct secretomes and proteomes induced by the aquatic animal matrices facilitate V. cholerae resistance in the edible aquatic animals and enhance the pathogenicity of the leading waterborne pathogen worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yan
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhe Jin
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Biology, Archaea Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Si Qin
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Si Qin
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Lanming Chen
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4
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Sartorio MG, Pardue EJ, Feldman MF, Haurat MF. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: From Discovery to Applications. Annu Rev Microbiol 2021; 75:609-630. [PMID: 34351789 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-052821-031444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of cellular components across the plasma membrane is an essential process that enables organisms to interact with their environments. Production of extracellular vesicles in bacteria is a well-documented but poorly understood process. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced in gram-negative bacteria by blebbing of the outer membrane. In addition to their roles in pathogenesis, cell-to-cell communication, and stress responses, OMVs play important roles in immunomodulation and the establishment and balance of the gut microbiota. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of OMVs and the current knowledge of OMV biogenesis. We also discuss the growing and promising biotechnological applications of OMV. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Sartorio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Evan J Pardue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - Mario F Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - M Florencia Haurat
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA;
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5
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Avila-Calderón ED, Ruiz-Palma MDS, Aguilera-Arreola MG, Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Ruiz EA, Gomez-Lunar Z, Witonsky S, Contreras-Rodríguez A. Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria: An Outlook on Biogenesis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:557902. [PMID: 33746909 PMCID: PMC7969528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.557902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria were first described more than 50 years ago. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in biogenesis began to be studied only in the last few decades. Presently, the biogenesis and molecular mechanisms for their release are not completely known. This review covers the most recent information on cellular components involved in OMV biogenesis, such as lipoproteins and outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharide, phospholipids, quorum-sensing molecules, and flagella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Daniel Avila-Calderón
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV-IPN, México City, Mexico
| | - María Del Socorro Ruiz-Palma
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico.,División Químico Biológicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Tecámac, Tecámac, Mexico
| | - Ma Guadalupe Aguilera-Arreola
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama
- Unidad de Investigación en enfermedades infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrico A Ruiz
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Zulema Gomez-Lunar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Sharon Witonsky
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
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6
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Outer Membrane Lipid Secretion and the Innate Immune Response to Gram-Negative Bacteria. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00920-19. [PMID: 32253250 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00920-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is an asymmetric lipid bilayer that consists of inner leaflet phospholipids and outer leaflet lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The asymmetric character and unique biochemistry of LPS molecules contribute to the OM's ability to function as a molecular permeability barrier that protects the bacterium against hazards in the environment. Assembly and regulation of the OM have been extensively studied for understanding mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and bacterial defense against host immunity; however, there is little knowledge on how Gram-negative bacteria release their OMs into their environment to manipulate their hosts. Discoveries in bacterial lipid trafficking, OM lipid homeostasis, and host recognition of microbial patterns have shed new light on how microbes secrete OM vesicles (OMVs) to influence inflammation, cell death, and disease pathogenesis. Pathogens release OMVs that contain phospholipids, like cardiolipins, and components of LPS molecules, like lipid A endotoxins. These multiacylated lipid amphiphiles are molecular patterns that are differentially detected by host receptors like the Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 complex (TLR4/MD-2), mouse caspase-11, and human caspases 4 and 5. We discuss how lipid ligands on OMVs engage these pattern recognition receptors on the membranes and in the cytosol of mammalian cells. We then detail how bacteria regulate OM lipid asymmetry, negative membrane curvature, and the phospholipid-to-LPS ratio to control OMV formation. The goal is to highlight intersections between OM lipid regulation and host immunity and to provide working models for how bacterial lipids influence vesicle formation.
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7
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Destoumieux-Garzón D, Canesi L, Oyanedel D, Travers MA, Charrière GM, Pruzzo C, Vezzulli L. Vibrio-bivalve interactions in health and disease. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4323-4341. [PMID: 32363732 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the marine environment, bivalve mollusks constitute habitats for bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family. Vibrios belong to the microbiota of healthy oysters and mussels, which have the ability to concentrate bacteria in their tissues and body fluids, including the hemolymph. Remarkably, these important aquaculture species respond differently to infectious diseases. While oysters are the subject of recurrent mass mortalities at different life stages, mussels appear rather resistant to infections. Thus, Vibrio species are associated with the main diseases affecting the worldwide oyster production. Here, we review the current knowledge on Vibrio-bivalve interaction in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) and mussels (Mytilus sp.). We discuss the transient versus stable associations of vibrios with their bivalve hosts as well as technical issues limiting the monitoring of these bacteria in bivalve health and disease. Based on the current knowledge of oyster/mussel immunity and their interactions with Vibrio species pathogenic for oyster, we discuss how differences in immune effectors could contribute to the higher resistance of mussels to infections. Finally, we review the multiple strategies evolved by pathogenic vibrios to circumvent the potent immune defences of bivalves and how key virulence mechanisms could have been positively or negatively selected in the marine environment through interactions with predators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Canesi
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniel Oyanedel
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume M Charrière
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Carla Pruzzo
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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The Importance of Porins and β-Lactamase in Outer Membrane Vesicles on the Hydrolysis of β-Lactam Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082822. [PMID: 32316670 PMCID: PMC7215730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane inhibiting the entry of antibiotics. Porins, found within the outer membrane, are involved in regulating the permeability of β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamases are enzymes that are able to inactivate the antibacterial properties of β-lactam antibiotics. Interestingly, porins and β-lactamase are found in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli and may be involved in the survival of susceptible strains of E. coli in the presence of antibiotics, through the hydrolysis of the β-lactam antibiotic. In this study, OMVs isolated from β-lactam-resistant E. coli and from mutants, lacking porin or β-lactamase, were evaluated to establish if the porins or β-lactamase in OMVs were involved in the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics. OMVs isolated from E. coli deficient in β-lactamase did not show any degradation ability against β-lactam antibiotics, while OMVs lacking OmpC or OmpF showed significantly lower levels of hydrolyzing activity than OMVs from parent E. coli. These data reveal an important role of OMVs in bacterial defense mechanisms demonstrating that the OmpC and OmpF proteins allow permeation of β-lactam antibiotics into the lumen of OMVs, and antibiotics that enter the OMVs can be degraded by β-lactamase.
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9
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van der Westhuizen WA, Theron CW, Boucher CE, Bragg RR. Regulation of outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) A and F, during hlyF-induced outer-membrane vesicle (OMV) biosynthesis. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02014. [PMID: 31312732 PMCID: PMC6610587 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gram-negative bacteria actively secrete outer membrane vesicles into the surrounding environment and these vesicles have been shown to play various physiological and protective roles such as carrying antibiotic-degrading enzymes and acting as decoys against host defences, therefore promoting the pathogenesis of the bacterium. It has been shown that avian pathogenic Escherichia coli species can increase vesicle biosynthesis through the acquisition of the hlyF gene but the effect this has on the cell by scavenging outer-membrane associated proteins (OmpA, OmpF) into the vesicles during vesicle release have not yet been investigated. Results Relative quantitative real-time PCR data obtained from hlyF expressing and non-expressing cells showed that during hlyF induction, ompF showed a nearly 2-fold down regulation relative to the non-expressing cells during the entire 24 hours, while ompA was expressed at the same level as the non-expressing cells during the first 8 hours of expression. At 24 hours post-hlyF expression, ompA was up-regulated 4-fold. Conclusions The regulatory effects of the newly described outer-membrane vesicle biosynthesis-related gene, hlyF, on E. coli has not previously been investigated. As hlyF-induced vesicles contain OmpA and OmpF scavenged from the bacterial outer-membrane, potential regulatory effects on the host was investigated. An increase in ompA expression and an insignificant decrease in ompF expression was observed during hlyF induction demonstrating that hlyF-related biosynthesis is not related to decreased ompA expression, which is one of the potential mechanisms discussed in literature for biosynthesis. Outer-membrane vesicle biosynthesis during hlyF over-expression could potentially be accomplished through a different mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter André van der Westhuizen
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Internal Box 61, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Chrispian William Theron
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Internal Box 61, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Enastacia Boucher
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Internal Box 61, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Robert Richard Bragg
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, Internal Box 61, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
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10
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Cai W, Kesavan DK, Wan J, Abdelaziz MH, Su Z, Xu H. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles, a potential vaccine candidate in interactions with host cells based. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:95. [PMID: 30537996 PMCID: PMC6290530 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria can secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in their growth and metabolism process. Originally, OMVs were considered as a by-product of bacterial merisis. However, many scientists have reported the important role of OMVs in many fields recently. In this review, we briefly introduce OMVs biological functions and then summarize the findings about the OMVs interactions with host cells. At last, we will make an expectation about the prospects of the application of OMVs as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jie Wan
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,The Central Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Lindholm M, Min Aung K, Nyunt Wai S, Oscarsson J. Role of OmpA1 and OmpA2 in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus serum resistance. J Oral Microbiol 2018; 11:1536192. [PMID: 30598730 PMCID: PMC6225413 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2018.1536192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus belong to the HACEK group of fastidious Gram-negative organisms, a recognized cause of infective endocarditis. A. actinomycetemcomitans is also implicated in aggressive forms of periodontitis. We demonstrated that A. aphrophilus strains, as A. actinomycetemcomitans are ubiquitously serum resistant. Both species encode two Outer membrane protein A paralogues, here denoted OmpA1 and OmpA2. As their respective pangenomes contain several OmpA1 and OmpA2 alleles, they represent potential genotypic markers. A naturally competent strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans and A. aphrophilus, respectively were used to elucidate if OmpA1 and OmpA2 contribute to serum resistance. Whereas OmpA1 was critical for survival of A. actinomycetemcomitans D7SS in 50% normal human serum (NHS), serum resistant ompA1 mutants were fortuitously obtained, expressing enhanced levels of OmpA2. Similarly, OmpA1 rather than OmpA2 was a major contributor to serum resistance of A. aphrophilus HK83. Far-Western blot revealed that OmpA1AA, OmpA2AA, and OmpA1AP can bind to C4-binding protein, an inhibitor of classical and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) complement activation. Indeed, ompA1 mutants were susceptible to these pathways, but also to alternative complement activation. This may at least partly reflect a compromised outer membrane integrity but is also consistent with alternative mechanisms involved in OmpA-mediated serum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lindholm
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kyaw Min Aung
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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12
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Porin Loss Impacts the Host Inflammatory Response to Outer Membrane Vesicles of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:1360-9. [PMID: 26666932 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01627-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae often exhibit porin loss. In this study, we investigated how porin loss impacted the composition of secreted outer membrane vesicles as well as their ability to trigger proinflammatory cytokine secretion by macrophages. We hypothesize that porin loss associated with antibiotic resistance will directly impact both the composition of outer membrane vesicles and their interactions with phagocytic cells. Using clonally related clinical isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae with different patterns of porin expression, we demonstrated that altered expression of OmpK35 and OmpK36 results in broad alterations to the protein profile of secreted vesicles. Additionally, the level of OmpA incorporation was elevated in strains lacking a single porin. Porin loss significantly impacted macrophage inflammatory responses to purified vesicles. Outer membrane vesicles lacking both OmpK35 and OmpK36 elicited significantly lower levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion than vesicles from strains expressing one or both porins. These data demonstrate that antibiotic resistance-associated porin loss has a broad and significant effect on both the composition of outer membrane vesicles and their interactions with phagocytic cells, which may impact bacterial survival and inflammatory reactions in the host.
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van der Pol L, Stork M, van der Ley P. Outer membrane vesicles as platform vaccine technology. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1689-706. [PMID: 26912077 PMCID: PMC4768646 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released spontaneously during growth by many Gram-negative bacteria. They present a range of surface antigens in a native conformation and have natural properties like immunogenicity, self-adjuvation and uptake by immune cells which make them attractive for application as vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. In particular with Neisseria meningitidis, they have been investigated extensively and an OMV-containing meningococcal vaccine has recently been approved by regulatory agencies. Genetic engineering of the OMV-producing bacteria can be used to improve and expand their usefulness as vaccines. Recent work on meningitis B vaccines shows that OMVs can be modified, such as for lipopolysaccharide reactogenicity, to yield an OMV product that is safe and effective. The overexpression of crucial antigens or simultaneous expression of multiple antigenic variants as well as the expression of heterologous antigens enable expansion of their range of applications. In addition, modifications may increase the yield of OMV production and can be combined with specific production processes to obtain high amounts of well-defined, stable and uniform OMV particle vaccine products. Further improvement can facilitate the development of OMVs as platform vaccine product for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiel Stork
- Product Development, Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Vieira A, Seddon AM, Karlyshev AV. Campylobacter-Acanthamoeba interactions. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:933-947. [PMID: 25757600 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen recognized as the major cause of human bacterial enteritis. Undercooked poultry products and contaminated water are considered as the most important sources of infection. Some studies suggest transmission and survival of this bacterial pathogen may be assisted by the free-living protozoa Acanthamoeba. The latter is known to play the role of a host for various pathogenic bacteria, protecting them from harsh environmental conditions. Importantly, there is a similarity between the mechanisms of bacterial survival within amoebae and macrophages, making the former a convenient tool for the investigation of the survival of pathogenic bacteria in the environment. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between Campylobacter and Acanthamoeba are not well understood. Whilst some studies suggest the ability of C. jejuni to survive within the protozoa, the other reports support an extracellular mode of survival only. In this review, we focus on the studies investigating the interaction between Campylobacter and Acanthamoeba, address some reasons for the contradictory results, and discuss possible implications of these results for epidemiology. Additionally, as the molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown, we also suggest possible factors that may be involved in this process. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-protozoa interaction will assist in a better understanding of Campylobacter lifestyle and in the development of novel antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vieira
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Alan M Seddon
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Andrey V Karlyshev
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
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Schwechheimer C, Kulp A, Kuehn MJ. Modulation of bacterial outer membrane vesicle production by envelope structure and content. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:324. [PMID: 25528573 PMCID: PMC4302634 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vesiculation is a ubiquitous secretion process of Gram-negative bacteria, where outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small spherical particles on the order of 50 to 250 nm composed of outer membrane (OM) and lumenal periplasmic content. Vesicle functions have been elucidated in some detail, showing their importance in virulence factor secretion, bacterial survival, and biofilm formation in pathogenesis. Furthermore, OMVs serve as an envelope stress response, protecting the secreting bacteria from internal protein misfolding stress, as well as external envelope stressors. Despite their important functional roles very little is known about the regulation and mechanism of vesicle production. Based on the envelope architecture and prior characterization of the hypervesiculation phenotypes for mutants lacking the lipoprotein, Lpp, which is involved in the covalent OM-peptidoglycan (PG) crosslinks, it is expected that an inverse relationship exists between OMV production and PG-crosslinked Lpp. Results In this study, we found that subtle modifications of PG remodeling and crosslinking modulate OMV production, inversely correlating with bound Lpp levels. However, this inverse relationship was not found in strains in which OMV production is driven by an increase in “periplasmic pressure” resulting from the accumulation of protein, PG fragments, or lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the characterization of an nlpA deletion in backgrounds lacking either Lpp- or OmpA-mediated envelope crosslinks demonstrated a novel role for NlpA in envelope architecture. Conclusions From this work, we conclude that OMV production can be driven by distinct Lpp concentration-dependent and Lpp concentration-independent pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0324-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schwechheimer
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Adam Kulp
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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