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Zhang Y, Zhou SQ, Xie MM, Jiang QL, Yang N, Wu R, Zhou J, Xu XR. Licochalcone A alleviates laser-induced choroidal neovascularization by inhibiting the endothelial-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2023; 226:109335. [PMID: 36436569 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a hallmark of wet age-related macular degeneration, which severely impairs central vision. Studies have shown that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is involved in the pathogenesis of CNV. Licochalcone A (lico A), a flavonoid extracted from the root of licorice, shows the inhibition on EndMT, but it remains unclear whether it can suppress the formation of CNV. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of lico A on laser-induced CNV, and EndMT process in vitro and vivo. We established the model of CNV with a krypton laser in Brown-Norway rats and then intraperitoneally injected lico A. Our experimental results demonstrated that the leakage of CNV was relieved, and the area of CNV was reduced in lico A-treated rats. Cell migration and tube formation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-stimulated HUVECs were inhibited by lico A and promoted by PI3K activator 740Y-P. The protein expressions of snai1 and α-SMA were increased, and CD31 and VE-cadherin were decreased in the model rats of CNV, but partially reversed after treatment with lico A. The expression of CD31 was decreased and α-SMA was increased in OX-LDL-treated HUVECs, which was further strengthened by 740Y-P, while the expression of CD31 was up-regulated and α-SMA was down-regulated in lico A treated HUVECs. Our data revealed that EndMT process was alleviated by lico A. Meanwhile, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was activated in model rat of CNV and Ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs, which can be suppressed with treatment of lico A. Our experimental results confirmed for the first time that lico A has the potential to alleviate CNV by inhibiting the endothelial-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Si-Qi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Meng-Meng Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiu-Le Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xin-Rong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Gołębiewski M, Płazińska A, Płaziński W, Miklaszewski A, Żarowski M, Adamska-Jernaś Z, Cielecka-Piontek J. The Systems of Naringenin with Solubilizers Expand Its Capability to Prevent Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020755. [PMID: 35054939 PMCID: PMC8775867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin (NAR) is a flavonoid with excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective potential that is limited by its low solubility. Thus, solid dispersions with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and microenvironmental pH modifiers were prepared. METHODS The systems formation analysis was performed by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Water solubility and dissolution rates were studied with a pH of 1.2 and 6.8. In vitro permeability through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was assessed with the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) assay. The antioxidant activity was studied with the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays, while in vitro enzymes studies involved the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase. For the most promising system, in silico studies were conducted. RESULTS NAR solubility was increased 458-fold by the solid dispersion NAR:HP-β-CD:NaHCO3 in a mass ratio of 1:3:1. The dissolution rate was elevated from 8.216% to 88.712% in a pH of 1.2 and from 11.644% to 88.843% in a pH of 6.8 (within 3 h). NAR GIT permeability, described as the apparent permeability coefficient, was increased from 2.789 × 10-6 cm s-1 to 2.909 × 10-5 cm s-1 in an acidic pH and from 1.197 × 10-6 cm s-1 to 2.145 × 10-5 cm s-1 in a basic pH. NAR BBB permeability was established as 4.275 × 10-6 cm s-1. The antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition were also increased. Computational studies confirmed NAR:HP-β-CD inclusion complex formation. CONCLUSIONS A significant improvement in NAR solubility was associated with an increase in its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (M.G.)
| | - Michał Gołębiewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (M.G.)
| | - Anita Płazińska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Miklaszewski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49 Str., 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Zofia Adamska-Jernaś
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49 Str., 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Hu R, Liu S, Anwaier G, Wang Q, Shen W, Shen Q, Qi R. Formulation and intestinal absorption of naringenin loaded nanostructured lipid carrier and its inhibitory effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 32:102310. [PMID: 33184021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared naringenin (NGN) loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NGN-NLC) and investigated its characterizations, transepithelial transport, intestinal absorption and inhibitory effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet in mice. The NGN-NLC, prepared by a method of emulsion-evaporation plus low temperature-solidification, displayed high drug loading capacity of 22.5 ± 1.7%. Compared to the NGN crude drug, the NGN-NLC, at an equal NGN dose, improved NGN release rate by 3.5-fold and elevated NGN transepithelial transport and intestinal absorption through enhancing intracellular transport of clathrin pathway and escaping p-gp efflux; at an 8-fold lower NGN dose, showed comparable pharmacokinetic parameters, but elevated liver NGN distribution by 1.5-fold, reduced MCD diet-induced hepatic lipid deposition by 3-fold. These results suggest that the NLC formulation significantly increased the inhibitory effects of NGN on NAFLD because of the improved drug release rate, transepithelial transport and intestinal absorption, and the elevated oral bioavailability and liver NGN distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Shen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, China.
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Fuior EV, Mocanu CA, Deleanu M, Voicu G, Anghelache M, Rebleanu D, Simionescu M, Calin M. Evaluation of VCAM-1 Targeted Naringenin/Indocyanine Green-Loaded Lipid Nanoemulsions as Theranostic Nanoplatforms in Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111066. [PMID: 33182380 PMCID: PMC7695317 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringenin, an anti-inflammatory citrus flavonoid, is restrained from large-scale use by its reduced water solubility and bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, naringenin was loaded into lipid nanoemulsions directed towards vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, exposed by activated endothelium, and delivered intravenously in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. To follow the in vivo bio-distribution, naringenin-loaded nanoemulsions were labeled with near-infrared probe Indocyanine Green (ICG). Based on ICG fluorescence, a VCAM-1-dependent retention of nanoemulsions was detected in the heart and aorta, while ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) measurements showed a target-selective accumulation of naringenin in the heart and lungs. Correlated, fluorescence and UHPLC data indicated a mixed behavior of the VCAM-1 directed nanoparticles, which were driven not only by the targeting moiety but also by passive retention. The treatment with naringenin-loaded nanoemulsions reduced the mRNA levels of some inflammatory mediators in organs harvested from mice with acute inflammation, indicative of their anti-inflammatory potential. The data support a novel theranostic nanoplatform for inflammation, the naringenin/ICG-loaded nanoparticles that either by passive accumulation or effective targeting of the activated endothelium can be employed for imaging inflamed vascular areas and efficient delivery of the encapsulated therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Valeria Fuior
- “Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies” Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (E.V.F.); (C.A.M.); (G.V.); (M.A.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Cristina Ana Mocanu
- “Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies” Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (E.V.F.); (C.A.M.); (G.V.); (M.A.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariana Deleanu
- “Liquid and Gas Chromatography” Laboratory, Department of Lipidomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest (UASVM), 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geanina Voicu
- “Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies” Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (E.V.F.); (C.A.M.); (G.V.); (M.A.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Anghelache
- “Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies” Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (E.V.F.); (C.A.M.); (G.V.); (M.A.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Daniela Rebleanu
- “Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies” Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (E.V.F.); (C.A.M.); (G.V.); (M.A.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maya Simionescu
- “Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies” Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (E.V.F.); (C.A.M.); (G.V.); (M.A.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuela Calin
- “Medical and Pharmaceutical Bionanotechnologies” Laboratory, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (E.V.F.); (C.A.M.); (G.V.); (M.A.); (D.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-319-45-18
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Memariani Z, Abbas SQ, Ul Hassan SS, Ahmadi A, Chabra A. Naringin and naringenin as anticancer agents and adjuvants in cancer combination therapy: Efficacy and molecular mechanisms of action, a comprehensive narrative review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 171:105264. [PMID: 33166734 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the rates of many cancers are controlled in Western countries, those of some cancers, such as lung, breast, and colorectal cancer are currently increasing in many low- and middle-income countries due to increases in risk factors caused by development and societal problems. Additionally, endogenous factors, such as inherited mutations, steroid hormones, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor systems, inflammation, oxidative stress, and exogenous factors (including tobacco, alcohol, infectious agents, and radiation), are believed to compromise cell functions and lead to carcinogenesis. Chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies are some examples of the approaches used for cancer treatment. However, various short- and long-term side effects can also considerably impact patient prognosis based on clinical factors associated with treatments. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have been conducted to identify novel therapeutic agents from natural products, among which plant-derived bioactive compounds have been increasingly studied. Naringin (NG) and its aglycone naringenin (NGE) are abundantly present in citrus fruits, such as grapefruits and oranges. Their anti-carcinogenic activities have been shown to be exerted through several cell signal transduction pathways. Recently, different pharmacological strategies based on combination therapy, involving NG and NGE with the current anti-cancer agents have shown prodigious synergistic effects when compared to monotherapy. Besides, NG and NGE have been reported to overcome multidrug resistance, resulting from different defensive mechanisms in cancer, which is one of the major obstacles of clinical treatment. Thus, we comprehensively reviewed the inhibitory effects of NG and NGE on several types of cancers through different signal transduction pathways, the roles on sensitizing with the current anticancer medicines, and the efficacy of the cancer combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Aroona Chabra
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Pharmacological Potential of Small Molecules for Treating Corneal Neovascularization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153468. [PMID: 32751576 PMCID: PMC7435801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under healthy conditions, the cornea is an avascular structure which allows for transparency and optimal visual acuity. Its avascular nature is maintained by a balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. An imbalance of these factors can result in abnormal blood vessel proliferation into the cornea. This corneal neovascularization (CoNV) can stem from a variety of insults including hypoxia and ocular surface inflammation caused by trauma, infection, chemical burns, and immunological diseases. CoNV threatens corneal transparency, resulting in permanent vision loss. Mainstay treatments of CoNV have partial efficacy and associated side effects, revealing the need for novel treatments. Numerous natural products and synthetic small molecules have shown potential in preclinical studies in vivo as antiangiogenic therapies for CoNV. Such small molecules include synthetic inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor and other tyrosine kinases, plus repurposed antimicrobials, as well as natural source-derived flavonoid and non-flavonoid phytochemicals, immunosuppressants, vitamins, and histone deacetylase inhibitors. They induce antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of VEGF, NF-κB, and other growth factor receptor pathways. Here, we review the potential of small molecules, both synthetics and natural products, targeting these and other molecular mechanisms, as antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of CoNV.
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Wang H, Li X, Yang H, Wang J, Li Q, Qu R, Wu X. Nanocomplexes based polyvinylpyrrolidone K-17PF for ocular drug delivery of naringenin. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Inclusion Complexes of Naringenin in Dimethylated and Permethylated β-Cyclodextrins: Crystal Structures and Molecular Dynamics Studies. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of the inclusion complexes of naringenin in dimethylated and permethylated β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD and TM-β-CD) were determined and extensively analyzed. Naringenin is found with its 4-hydroxyphenyl residue fully immersed in the DM-β-CD cavity and its chromone group protruding from the narrow rim of the open-cone shaped host. The naringenin/DM-β-CD complex units are packed in a ‘herring bone’ fashion. In the case of naringenin/TM-β-CD, the complex units are arranged in a cage-type mode, the guest naringenin is partially encapsulated in the cavity of the closed-cone shaped host, with its chromone group laying equatorially and its 4-hydroxyphenyl protruding extensively from the wide rim of the host. Furthermore, the crystallographically-determined coordinates of both complexes were employed for Molecular Dynaimics simulations in explicit water solvent and in the absence of crystal contacts. The trajectories showed that naringenin rapidly penetrates the open narrow rim of DM-β-CD but not the closed narrow rim of TM-β-CD. Thus, in the latter case, the chromone group of naringenin is accommodated shallowly in the wide rim of the host, tethered via hydrogen bonds to the secondary methoxy groups of the host. Finally, a significantly higher binding affinity for naringenin in DM-β-CD than TM-β-CD was estimated by Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area calculations.
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Rossino MG, Casini G. Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040771. [PMID: 30987058 PMCID: PMC6520779 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and is characterized by degeneration of retinal neurons and neoangiogenesis, causing a severe threat to vision. Nowadays, the principal treatment options for DR are laser photocoagulation, vitreoretinal surgery, or intravitreal injection of drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor. However, these treatments only act at advanced stages of DR, have short term efficacy, and cause side effects. Treatment with nutraceuticals (foods providing medical or health benefits) at early stages of DR may represent a reasonable alternative to act upstream of the disease, preventing its progression. In particular, in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that a variety of nutraceuticals have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may inhibit the early diabetes-driven molecular mechanisms that induce DR, reducing both the neural and vascular damage typical of DR. Although most studies are limited to animal models and there is the problem of low bioavailability for many nutraceuticals, the use of these compounds may represent a natural alternative method to standard DR treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Zhang H, Peng A, Yu Y, Guo S, Wang M, Wang H. l-Arginine Protects Ovine Intestinal Epithelial Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Apoptosis through Alleviating Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1683-1690. [PMID: 30685970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to explore the effect of l-arginine (Arg) upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced induction of the oxidative stress as well as subsequent apoptosis within ovine intestinal epithelial cells (IOECs). Through a 16 h incubation, cells were divided into four groups and the medium was replaced with different medium as follows: (1) control (Con), Arg-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's F12 Ham medium (DMEM); (2) Arg treatment, Arg-free DMEM supplemented with 100 μM Arg; (3) LPS treatment, Arg-free DMEM supplemented with 10 μg/mL LPS; (4) LPS with Arg treatment, Arg-free DMEM supplemented with both 10 μg/mL LPS and 100 μM Arg. After culturing for 24 h in different mediums, some characteristics of cells in the four groups were measured. Addition of Arg increased cell viability induced with LPS compared with the LPS group ( p < 0.05). Arg significantly decreased the release of dehydrogenase (LDH) and the production of malonaldehyde (MDA) ( p < 0.05) within IOECs challenged by the LPS. Compared with the LPS group, cells treated with Arg and Arg + LPS increased ( p < 0.05) mRNA as well as protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). IOEC treatment with Arg reduced significantly ( p < 0.05) apoptosis induced by the LPS (12.58 ± 0.79%). The results showed that Arg promoted the protein expression of Nrf2, up-regulated expression of the phase II metabolizing enzymes (NQO1 and HO-1), as well as antioxidative enzymes (GPx1, CAT, and SOD2) for alleviating oxidative injury and protected IOECs from LPS-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Yin Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , P. R. China
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Gera S, Talluri S, Rangaraj N, Sampathi S. Formulation and Evaluation of Naringenin Nanosuspensions for Bioavailability Enhancement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:3151-3162. [PMID: 28534300 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical potential of naringenin (NRG) is compromised due to its poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. The study is aimed at addressing these issues by means of naringenin nanosuspensions (NRG-NS) formulated using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) as stabiliser via antisolvent sonoprecipitation method. Optimisation of sonication time, drug concentration and stabilisers was done based on particle size. Characterisation of pure NRG and NRG-NS was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In vitro dissolution, intestinal absorption by non-everted rat intestinal sac model and in situ single pass intestinal perfusion techniques were performed for further investigation. Nanosuspensions prepared using PVP K-90 lead to minimum particle size (117 ± 5 nm) with zeta potential of -14.6 ± 5.6 mV. The particle size was affected by increasing sonication time, concentration of stabiliser and drug. Nanosizing process converted the crystalline drug into amorphous form as predicted from DSC and XRD patterns. FTIR demonstrated the formation of hydrogen bonds between drug and polymer. NRG-NS displayed a higher dissolution amount (91 ± 4.4% during 60 min) compared to NRG powder (42 ± 0.41%). The apparent and effective permeability of NRG-NS was increased as compared to the pure NRG. The in vivo pharmacokinetics demonstrated that the C max and AUC0-24 h values of NRG-NS were approximately 2- and 1.8-fold superior than the pure drug. Hence, overall results confirmed nanosuspensions as promising approach for NRG delivery with high absorption in gastrointestinal tract, improved dissolution and oral bioavailability.
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Apigenin Attenuates Oxidative Injury in ARPE-19 Cells thorough Activation of Nrf2 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4378461. [PMID: 27656262 PMCID: PMC5021875 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4378461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed at evaluating the therapeutic implication of apigenin and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) at 200 μM was used to induce oxidative stress-associated injury in ARPE-19 cells. Apigenin at concentrations less than 800 μM did not cause cytotoxic effects on ARPE-19 cells. Cell viability assay showed that apigenin at 200 μM significantly promoted cell survival in t-BHP-treated ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, apigenin at 100 μM significantly protected ARPE-19 cells from t-BHP-induced apoptosis. Molecular examinations demonstrated that apigenin at 400 μM significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and stimulated its nuclear translocation in ARPE-19 cells treated with or without t-BHP. Apigenin 400 μM also significantly elevated the expression of HO-1, NQO1, and GCLM at both mRNA and protein levels in the presence or absence of t-BHP. Furthermore, apigenin at 400 μM significantly increased the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, and T-AOC and reduced the levels of ROS and MDA in t-BHP-treated ARPE-19 cells. However, these effects of apigenin were all abolished by being transfected with Nrf2 siRNA. Collectively, our current data indicated that apigenin exerted potent antioxidant properties in ARPE-19 cells challenged with t-BHP, which were dependent on activation of Nrf2 signaling.
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Lin HJ, Kao ST, Siao Y, Yeh CC. The Chinese medicine Sini-San inhibits HBx-induced migration and invasiveness of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:348. [PMID: 26446078 PMCID: PMC4597375 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Sini-San (SNS) is a formulation of four Traditional Chinese Drugs that exhibits beneficial therapeutic effects in liver injury and hepatitis. However, there are no reports describing its effects on the hepatitis B X-protein (HBx)-induced invasion and metastasis in hepatoma cells, and the detailed molecular mechanisms of its actions are still unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying SNS-mediated inhibition of HBx-induced cell invasion and the inhibition of secreted and cytosolic MMP-9 production, using gelatin zymography and Western blot analysis in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). Relative luciferase activity was assessed for MMP-9, NF-κB, or AP-1 reporter plasmid-transfected cells. Results SNS suppressed MMP-9 transcription by inhibiting activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) activity. SNS suppressed HBx-induced AP-1 activity through inhibition of phosphorylation in the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. SNS also suppressed HBx-induced inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation through IκB and suppressed HBx-induced activation of ERK/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt upstream of NF-κB and AP-1. Conclusions SNS suppresses the invasiveness and metastatic potential of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting multiple signal transduction pathways.
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Martinez RM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Steffen VS, Caviglione CV, Vignoli JA, Barbosa DS, Baracat MM, Georgetti SR, Verri WA, Casagrande R. Naringenin Inhibits UVB Irradiation-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Skin of Hairless Mice. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1647-55. [PMID: 26154512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation may cause inflammation- and oxidative-stress-dependent skin cancer and premature aging. Naringenin (1) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its effects and mechanisms on UVB irradiation-induced inflammation and oxidative stress are still not known. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the potential of naringenin to mitigate UVB irradiation-induced inflammation and oxidative damage in the skin of hairless mice. Skin edema, myeloperoxidase (neutrophil marker) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, and cytokine production were measured after UVB irradiation. Oxidative stress was evaluated by 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (ABTS) scavenging ability, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reduced glutathione levels, catalase activity, lipid peroxidation products, superoxide anion production, and gp91phox (NADPH oxidase subunit) mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. The intraperitoneal treatment with naringenin reduced skin inflammation by inhibiting skin edema, neutrophil recruitment, MMP-9 activity, and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β and IL-10) cytokines. Naringenin also inhibited oxidative stress by reducing superoxide anion production and the mRNA expression of gp91phox. Therefore, naringenin inhibits UVB irradiation-induced skin damage and may be a promising therapeutic approach to control skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Martinez
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vinicius S Steffen
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carla V Caviglione
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Josiane A Vignoli
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Baracat
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Georgetti
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- †Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas and ⊥Departamento de Patologia, Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Avenida Robert Koch, 60, Hospital Universitário, 86039-440 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- ‡Departamento de Ciências Patológicas and §Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina-UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, PR445, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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