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Premchand U, Mesta RK, Devappa V, Basavarajappa MP, Venkataravanappa V, Narasimha Reddy LRC, Shankarappa KS. Survey, Detection, Characterization of Papaya Ringspot Virus from Southern India and Management of Papaya Ringspot Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:824. [PMID: 37375514 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a significant threat to global papaya cultivation, causing ringspot disease, and it belongs to the species Papaya ringspot virus, genus Potyvirus, and family Potyviridae. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and severity of papaya ringspot disease (PRSD) in major papaya-growing districts of Karnataka, India, from 2019 to 2021. The incidence of disease in the surveyed districts ranged from 50.5 to 100.0 percent, exhibiting typical PRSV symptoms. 74 PRSV infected samples were tested using specific primers in RT-PCR, confirming the presence of the virus. The complete genome sequence of a representative isolate (PRSV-BGK: OL677454) was determined, showing the highest nucleotide identity (nt) (95.8%) with the PRSV-HYD (KP743981) isolate from Telangana, India. It also shared an amino acid (aa) identity (96.5%) with the PRSV-Pune VC (MF405299) isolate from Maharashtra, India. Based on phylogenetic and species demarcation criteria, the PRSV-BGK isolate was considered a variant of the reported species and designated as PRSV-[IN:Kar:Bgk:Pap:21]. Furthermore, recombination analysis revealed four unique recombination breakpoint events in the genomic region, except for the region from HC-Pro to VPg, which is highly conserved. Interestingly, more recombination events were detected within the first 1710 nt, suggesting that the 5' UTR and P1 regions play an essential role in shaping the PRSV genome. To manage PRSD, a field experiment was conducted over two seasons, testing various treatments, including insecticides, biorationals, and a seaweed extract with micronutrients, alone or in combination. The best treatment involved eight sprays of insecticides and micronutrients at 30-day intervals, resulting in no PRSD incidence up to 180 days after transplanting (DAT). This treatment also exhibited superior growth, yield, and yield parameters, with the highest cost-benefit ratio (1:3.54) and net return. Furthermore, a module comprising 12 sprays of insecticides and micronutrients at 20-day intervals proved to be the most effective in reducing disease incidence and enhancing plant growth, flowering, and fruiting attributes, resulting in a maximized yield of 192.56 t/ha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udavatha Premchand
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
| | - Raghavendra K Mesta
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
| | - Venkatappa Devappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot 587104, India
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Dominguez MM, Padilla CS, Mandadi KK. A versatile Agrobacterium-based plant transformation system for genetic engineering of diverse citrus cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878335. [PMID: 36311111 PMCID: PMC9597469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing an efficient transformation system is vital in genetically engineering recalcitrant crops, particularly trees. Here, we outline an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-based stable plant transformation methodology for citrus genetic engineering. The process was optimized to suit the requirements of fourteen citrus varieties by establishing appropriate infection, co-cultivation, selection, and culture media conditions. The procedure includes transforming seedling-derived epicotyl segments with an A. tumefaciens strain, then selecting and regenerating transformed tissues. Transgenic shoots were further identified by a visual reporter (e.g., β-glucuronidase) and confirmed by Northern and Southern blot analysis. Transgene integrations among the transgenic lines ranged between one to four. The methodology can yield transformation efficiencies of up to 11%, and transgenic plants can be recovered as early as six months, depending on the variety. In addition, we show that incorporating A. tumefaciens helper virulence genes (virG and virE), spermidine, and lipoic acid in the resuspension buffer before transformation improved the transformation efficiency of specific recalcitrant cultivars, presumably by enhancing T-DNA integration and alleviating oxidative stress on the explant tissues. In conclusion, the optimized methodology can be utilized to engineer diverse recalcitrant citrus varieties towards trait improvement or functional genetics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen S. Padilla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K. Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute for Advancing Health Through Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife, College Station, TX, United States
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3
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Niraula PM, Fondong VN. Development and Adoption of Genetically Engineered Plants for Virus Resistance: Advances, Opportunities and Challenges. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112339. [PMID: 34834702 PMCID: PMC8623320 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause yield losses to crops of agronomic and economic significance and are a challenge to the achievement of global food security. Although conventional plant breeding has played an important role in managing plant viral diseases, it will unlikely meet the challenges posed by the frequent emergence of novel and more virulent viral species or viral strains. Hence there is an urgent need to seek alternative strategies of virus control that can be more readily deployed to contain viral diseases. The discovery in the late 1980s that viral genes can be introduced into plants to engineer resistance to the cognate virus provided a new avenue for virus disease control. Subsequent advances in genomics and biotechnology have led to the refinement and expansion of genetic engineering (GE) strategies in crop improvement. Importantly, many of the drawbacks of conventional breeding, such as long lead times, inability or difficulty to cross fertilize, loss of desirable plant traits, are overcome by GE. Unfortunately, public skepticism towards genetically modified (GM) crops and other factors have dampened the early promise of GE efforts. These concerns are principally about the possible negative effects of transgenes to humans and animals, as well as to the environment. However, with regards to engineering for virus resistance, these risks are overstated given that most virus resistance engineering strategies involve transfer of viral genes or genomic segments to plants. These viral genomes are found in infected plant cells and have not been associated with any adverse effects in humans or animals. Thus, integrating antiviral genes of virus origin into plant genomes is hardly unnatural as suggested by GM crop skeptics. Moreover, advances in deep sequencing have resulted in the sequencing of large numbers of plant genomes and the revelation of widespread endogenization of viral genomes into plant genomes. This has raised the possibility that viral genome endogenization is part of an antiviral defense mechanism deployed by the plant during its evolutionary past. Thus, GM crops engineered for viral resistance would likely be acceptable to the public if regulatory policies were product-based (the North America regulatory model), as opposed to process-based. This review discusses some of the benefits to be gained from adopting GE for virus resistance, as well as the challenges that must be overcome to leverage this technology. Furthermore, regulatory policies impacting virus-resistant GM crops and some success cases of virus-resistant GM crops approved so far for cultivation are discussed.
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Saleem A, Ali Z, Yeh SD, Saeed W, Binat Imdad A, Akbar MF, Goodman RE, Naseem S. Genetic variability and evolutionary dynamics of atypical Papaya ringspot virus infecting Papaya. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258298. [PMID: 34637470 PMCID: PMC8509892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus biotype-P is a detrimental pathogen of economically important papaya and cucurbits worldwide. The mutation prone feature of this virus perhaps accounts for its geographical dissemination. In this study, investigations of the atypical PRSV-P strain was conducted based on phylogenetic, recombination and genetic differentiation analyses considering of it's likely spread across India and Bangladesh. Full length genomic sequences of 38 PRSV isolates and 35 CP gene sequences were subjected to recombination analysis. A total of 61 recombination events were detected in aligned complete PRSV genome sequences. 3 events were detected in complete genome of PRSV strain PK whereas one was in its CP gene sequence. The PRSV-PK appeared to be recombinant of a major parent from Bangladesh. However, the genetic differentiation based on full length genomic sequences revealed less frequent gene flow between virus PRSV-PK and the population from America, India, Colombia, other Asian Countries and Australia. Whereas, frequent gene flow exists between Pakistan and Bangladesh virus populations. These results provided evidence correlating geographical position and genetic distances. We speculate that the genetic variations and evolutionary dynamics of this virus may challenge the resistance developed in papaya against PRSV and give rise to virus lineage because of its atypical emergence where geographic spread is already occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wajeeha Saeed
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Binat Imdad
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem Akbar
- Department of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Richard E. Goodman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Saadia Naseem
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Pharming Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Alvarez D, Cerda-Bennasser P, Stowe E, Ramirez-Torres F, Capell T, Dhingra A, Christou P. Fruit crops in the era of genome editing: closing the regulatory gap. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:915-930. [PMID: 33515309 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The conventional breeding of fruits and fruit trees has led to the improvement of consumer-driven traits such as fruit size, yield, nutritional properties, aroma and taste, as well as the introduction of agronomic properties such as disease resistance. However, even with the assistance of modern molecular approaches such as marker-assisted selection, the improvement of fruit varieties by conventional breeding takes considerable time and effort. The advent of genetic engineering led to the rapid development of new varieties by allowing the direct introduction of genes into elite lines. In this review article, we discuss three such case studies: the Arctic® apple, the Pinkglow pineapple and the SunUp/Rainbow papaya. We consider these events in the light of global regulations for the commercialization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), focusing on the differences between product-related systems (the USA/Canada comparative safety assessment) and process-related systems (the EU "precautionary principle" model). More recently, genome editing has provided an efficient way to introduce precise mutations in plants, including fruits and fruit trees, replicating conventional breeding outcomes without the extensive backcrossing and selection typically necessary to introgress new traits. Some jurisdictions have reacted by amending the regulations governing GMOs to provide exemptions for crops that would be indistinguishable from conventional varieties based on product comparison. This has revealed the deficiencies of current process-related regulatory frameworks, particularly in the EU, which now stands against the rest of the world as a unique example of inflexible and dogmatic governance based on political expediency and activism rather than rigorous scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derry Alvarez
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pedro Cerda-Bennasser
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Evan Stowe
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Fabiola Ramirez-Torres
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Spendrup S, Eriksson D, Fernqvist F. Swedish consumers´ attitudes and values to genetic modification and conventional plant breeding - The case of fruit and vegetables. GM CROPS & FOOD 2021; 12:342-360. [PMID: 33970780 PMCID: PMC8115547 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2021.1921544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined public attitudes to genetic modification (GM) and conventional plant breeding and explored general differences in attitudes to these two types of breeding concepts, including the effect of individual personal characteristics such as gender and age. It also sought to identify the influence of personal values linked to attitudes to GM crops and conventional plant breeding, following Schwartz value theory. Relations between specific values and attitudes to GM organisms (GMOs) have been studied previously, but not gender- and age-specific relations between specific values and attitudes to conventional plant breeding. Data were collected in this study using a questionnaire completed on-line by 1500 Swedish consumers in 2019. The questionnaire covered three different aspects: 1) sociodemographic data, including gender and age; 2) attitudes to GMO/conventional plant breeding; and 3) values, measured using the human values scale. It was found that consumers expressed more positive attitudes to conventional plant breeding than to GMO, men expressed more positive attitudes to both conventional plant breeding and GMO than women did, and younger consumers expressed more positive attitudes to GMO than older consumers did. A negative correlation between attitudes to conventional plant breeding and the value ‘tradition’, but no correlation to ‘universalism’, ‘benevolence’, ‘power’ or ‘achievement’, was identified for men. For women, correlations between attitudes to conventional plant breeding and ‘benevolence’ (neg.) and ‘achievement’ (pos.) were found. For both men and women, attitudes to GMO were negatively influenced by ‘universalism’ and ‘benevolence’, and positively influenced by ‘power’ and ‘achievement’. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Spendrup
- Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Dennis Eriksson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Fernqvist
- Department of People and Society, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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7
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Sá Antunes TF, Maurastoni M, Madroñero LJ, Fuentes G, Santamaría JM, Ventura JA, Abreu EF, Fernandes AAR, Fernandes PMB. Battle of Three: The Curious Case of Papaya Sticky Disease. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2754-2763. [PMID: 32813628 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-19-2622-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the most serious problems in papaya production are the viruses associated with papaya ringspot and papaya sticky disease (PSD). PSD concerns producers worldwide because its symptoms are extremely aggressive and appear only after flowering. As no resistant cultivar is available, several disease management strategies have been used in affected countries, such as the use of healthy seeds, exclusion of the pathogen, and roguing. In the 1990s, a dsRNA virus, papaya meleira virus (PMeV), was identified in Brazil as the causal agent of PSD. However, in 2016 a second virus, papaya meleira virus 2 (PMeV2), with an ssRNA genome, was also identified in PSD plants. Only PMeV is detected in asymptomatic plants, whereas all symptomatic plants contain both viral RNAs separately packaged in particles formed by the PMeV capsid protein. PSD also affects papaya plants in Mexico, Ecuador, and Australia. PMeV2-like viruses have been identified in the affected plants, but the partner virus(es) in these countries are still unknown. In Brazil, PMeV and PMeV2 reside in laticifers that promote spontaneous latex exudation, resulting in the affected papaya fruit's sticky appearance. Genes modulated in plants affected by PSD include those involved in reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid signaling, proteasomal degradation, and photosynthesis, which are key plant defenses against PMeV complex infection. However, the complete activation of the defense response is impaired by the expression of negative effectors modulated by the virus. This review presents a summary of the current knowledge of the Carica papaya-PMeV complex interaction and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathiana F Sá Antunes
- Nucleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29040-090, Brazil
| | - Marlonni Maurastoni
- Nucleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29040-090, Brazil
| | - L Johana Madroñero
- Nucleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29040-090, Brazil
- Universidad El Bosque, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - José Aires Ventura
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Vitória 29050790, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Emanuel F Abreu
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, 70770-900, Brazil
| | - A Alberto R Fernandes
- Nucleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29040-090, Brazil
| | - Patricia M B Fernandes
- Nucleo de Biotecnologia Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo 29040-090, Brazil
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Kannan M, Zainal Z, Ismail I, Baharum SN, Bunawan H. Application of Reverse Genetics in Functional Genomics of Potyvirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080803. [PMID: 32722532 PMCID: PMC7472138 DOI: 10.3390/v12080803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous potyvirus studies, including virus biology, transmission, viral protein function, as well as virus–host interaction, have greatly benefited from the utilization of reverse genetic techniques. Reverse genetics of RNA viruses refers to the manipulation of viral genomes, transfection of the modified cDNAs into cells, and the production of live infectious progenies, either wild-type or mutated. Reverse genetic technology provides an opportunity of developing potyviruses into vectors for improving agronomic traits in plants, as a reporter system for tracking virus infection in hosts or a production system for target proteins. Therefore, this review provides an overview on the breakthroughs achieved in potyvirus research through the implementation of reverse genetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maathavi Kannan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-8921-4554
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Understanding Phytomicrobiome: A Potential Reservoir for Better Crop Management. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent crop production studies have aimed at an increase in the biotic and abiotic tolerance of plant communities, along with increased nutrient availability and crop yields. This can be achieved in various ways, but one of the emerging approaches is to understand the phytomicrobiome structure and associated chemical communications. The phytomicrobiome was characterized with the advent of high-throughput techniques. Its composition and chemical signaling phenomena have been revealed, leading the way for “rhizosphere engineering”. In addition to the above, phytomicrobiome studies have paved the way to best tackling soil contamination with various anthropogenic activities. Agricultural lands have been found to be unbalanced for crop production. Due to the intense application of agricultural chemicals such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, etc., which can only be rejuvenated efficiently through detailed studies on the phytomicrobiome component, the phytomicrobiome has recently emerged as a primary plant trait that affects crop production. The phytomicrobiome also acts as an essential modifying factor in plant root exudation and vice versa, resulting in better plant health and crop yield both in terms of quantity and quality. Not only supporting better plant growth, phytomicrobiome members are involved in the degradation of toxic materials, alleviating the stress conditions that adversely affect plant development. Thus, the present review compiles the progress in understanding phytomicrobiome relationships and their application in achieving the goal of sustainable agriculture.
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Kannan M, Ismail I, Bunawan H. Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus: From Genome to Disease Management. Viruses 2018; 10:E492. [PMID: 30217014 PMCID: PMC6164272 DOI: 10.3390/v10090492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is a serious maize pathogen, epidemic worldwide, and one of the most common virus diseases for monocotyledonous plants, causing up to 70% loss in corn yield globally since 1960. MDMV belongs to the genus Potyvirus (Potyviridae) and was first identified in 1964 in Illinois in corn and Johnsongrass. MDMV is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus and is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by several aphid species. MDMV is amongst the most important virus diseases in maize worldwide. This review will discuss its genome, transmission, symptomatology, diagnosis and management. Particular emphasis will be given to the current state of knowledge on the diagnosis and control of MDMV, due to its importance in reducing the impact of maize dwarf mosaic disease, to produce an enhanced quality and quantity of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maathavi Kannan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia.
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Xiao J, Zhang L, Fan F, Liu X. Comparative transcript profiling reveals the mechanism of female sterility associated with seedless Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Genome 2018; 61:595-604. [PMID: 29958094 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seedlessness is a highly desirable trait in citrus varieties. Sterility is the key determination for seedlessness formation. However, the molecular basis for female sterility in seedless mandarin remains unclear. Thus, a seedless Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco 'Lipeng No.2'), considered the bud mutation of normal seedy Ponkan, was collected to identify candidate genes involved in seedless variation. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) screened 1091 uniESTs related to seedy and seedless Ponkan (727 singlets and 364 contigs), which mainly governed catalytic activity, transferase activity, and oxygen binding. By using RNA-Seq technology, 106 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were captured, of which 74 were up-regulated and 32 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis showed that six DEGs were enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite, whereas five DEGs were enriched in the signaling of plant hormones. The combined results of SSH and RNA-Seq indicated the importance of amino acid metabolism in seedless Ponkan. Our findings revealed that the mechanism of seedless Ponkan generation may be related to gene regulation, signal cascade, and hormone levels. This study provided a solid foundation for functional gene identification in seedless Ponkan and a good reference for relevant research on molecular mechanisms of female sterility in Ponkan mandarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Xiao
- a Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- b School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fangjuan Fan
- c Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xubo Liu
- c Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
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Varun P, Ranade SA, Saxena S. A molecular insight into papaya leaf curl-a severe viral disease. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2055-2070. [PMID: 28540512 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Papaya leaf curl disease (PaLCuD) caused by papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) not only affects yield but also plant growth and fruit size and quality of papaya and is one of the most damaging and economically important disease. Management of PaLCuV is a challenging task due to diversity of viral strains, the alternate hosts, and the genomic complexities of the viruses. Several management strategies currently used by plant virologists to broadly control or eliminate the viruses have been discussed. In the absence of such strategies in the case of PaLCuV at present, the few available options to control the disease include methods like removal of affected plants from the field, insecticide treatments against the insect vector (Bemisia tabaci), and gene-specific control through transgenic constructs. This review presents the current understanding of papaya leaf curl disease, genomic components including satellite DNA associated with the virus, wide host and vector range, and management of the disease and suggests possible generic resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Varun
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P. State, India
| | - S A Ranade
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, U.P. State, India
| | - Sangeeta Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P. State, India.
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Dessaux Y, Grandclément C, Faure D. Engineering the Rhizosphere. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:266-278. [PMID: 26818718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
All components of the rhizosphere can be engineered to promote plant health and growth, two features that strongly depend upon the interactions of living organisms with their environment. This review describes the progress in plant and microbial molecular genetics and ecology that has led to a wealth of potential applications. Recent efforts especially deal with the plant defense machinery that is instrumental in engineering plant resistance to biotic stresses. Another approach involves microbial population engineering rather than single strain engineering. More generally, the plants (and the associated microbes) are no longer seen as 'individual' but rather as a holobiont, in other words a unit of selection in evolution, a concept that holds great promise for future plant breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Dessaux
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France.
| | - Catherine Grandclément
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Denis Faure
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
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Complete Genome Sequence of Papaya Ringspot Virus Isolated from Genetically Modified Papaya in Hainan Island, China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01056-15. [PMID: 26358610 PMCID: PMC4566192 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01056-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence (10,326 nucleotides) of a papaya ringspot virus isolate infecting genetically modified papaya in Hainan Island of China was determined through reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The virus shares 92% nucleotide sequence identity with the isolate that is unable to infect PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya.
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Abreu PMV, Antunes TFS, Magaña-Álvarez A, Pérez-Brito D, Tapia-Tussell R, Ventura JA, Fernandes AAR, Fernandes PMB. A current overview of the Papaya meleira virus, an unusual plant virus. Viruses 2015; 7:1853-70. [PMID: 25856636 PMCID: PMC4411680 DOI: 10.3390/v7041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) is the causal agent of papaya sticky disease, which is characterized by a spontaneous exudation of fluid and aqueous latex from the papaya fruit and leaves. The latex oxidizes after atmospheric exposure, resulting in a sticky feature on the fruit from which the name of the disease originates. PMeV is an isometric virus particle with a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome of approximately 12 Kb. Unusual for a plant virus, PMeV particles are localized on and linked to the polymers present in the latex. The ability of the PMeV to inhabit such a hostile environment demonstrates an intriguing interaction of the virus with the papaya. A hypersensitivity response is triggered against PMeV infection, and there is a reduction in the proteolytic activity of papaya latex during sticky disease. In papaya leaf tissues, stress responsive proteins, mostly calreticulin and proteasome-related proteins, are up regulated and proteins related to metabolism are down-regulated. Additionally, PMeV modifies the transcription of several miRNAs involved in the modulation of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Until now, no PMeV resistant papaya genotype has been identified and roguing is the only viral control strategy available. However, a single inoculation of papaya plants with PMeV dsRNA delayed the progress of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolla M V Abreu
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Tathiana F S Antunes
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Anuar Magaña-Álvarez
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Laboratorio GeMBio, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Daisy Pérez-Brito
- Laboratorio GeMBio, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Tapia-Tussell
- Laboratorio GeMBio, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - José A Ventura
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, Vitória 29050790, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio A R Fernandes
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Patricia M B Fernandes
- Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29040090, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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Xiong JS, Ding J, Li Y. Genome-editing technologies and their potential application in horticultural crop breeding. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2015; 2:15019. [PMID: 26504570 PMCID: PMC4595993 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant breeding, one of the oldest agricultural activities, parallels human civilization. Many crops have been domesticated to satisfy human's food and aesthetical needs, including numerous specialty horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, ornamental flowers, shrubs, and trees. Crop varieties originated through selection during early human civilization. Other technologies, such as various forms of hybridization, mutation, and transgenics, have also been invented and applied to crop breeding over the past centuries. The progress made in these breeding technologies, especially the modern biotechnology-based breeding technologies, has had a great impact on crop breeding as well as on our lives. Here, we first review the developmental process and applications of these technologies in horticultural crop breeding. Then, we mainly describe the principles of the latest genome-editing technologies and discuss their potential applications in the genetic improvement of horticultural crops. The advantages and challenges of genome-editing technologies in horticultural crop breeding are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, The People's Republic of China
- ()
| | - Jing Ding
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, The People's Republic of China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- ()
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Nagamangala Kanchiswamy C, Sargent DJ, Velasco R, Maffei ME, Malnoy M. Looking forward to genetically edited fruit crops. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 33:62-4. [PMID: 25129425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The availability of genome sequences for many fruit crops has redefined the boundaries of genetic engineering and genetically modified (GM) crop plants. However commercialization of GM crops is hindered by numerous regulatory and social hurdles. Here, we focus on recently developed genome-editing tools for fruit crop improvement and their importance from the consumer perspective. Challenges and opportunities for the deployment of new genome-editing tools for fruit plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidananda Nagamangala Kanchiswamy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Fondazione E. Mach di San Michele all'Adige, 380101 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy.
| | - Daniel James Sargent
- Research and Innovation Centre, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Fondazione E. Mach di San Michele all'Adige, 380101 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Fondazione E. Mach di San Michele all'Adige, 380101 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Fondazione E. Mach di San Michele all'Adige, 380101 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
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