1
|
Mekonen AT, Hirpha TB, Zewdie A. Soil-transmitted helminths and associated factors among pregnant women in Doreni district, Oromia region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:435. [PMID: 38658830 PMCID: PMC11040745 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) refers to a set of parasitic illnesses caused by nematode worms and spread to people through faeces-contaminated soil. It is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries due to a lack of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. Pregnant women are among the risk groups for infection by soil-transmitted helminths. Former studies of the disease burden among pregnant women in Ethiopia didn't indicate the intensity of parasitic infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of soil-transmitted helminths among pregnant women. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 randomly selected pregnant women. The data were collected using a structured interview-administered questionnaire and a laboratory test. The Kato-Katz technique was used to diagnose soil-transmitted helminthiasis and determine the intensity of the infection. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of soil-transmitted helminths at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths among pregnant women was 30%. (95%, CI: 26-34%). Living in a rural area (AOR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.83-6.13), drinking from an unprotected water source (AOR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.45-4.37), not washing one's hand after the toilet (AOR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.55-4.88), lacking health information (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.01-2.85), working as a daily labourer (AOR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.01-8.20), and walking barefoot (AOR = 4.00; 95% CI = 2.29-7.00) were significantly associated with the presence of soil-transmitted helminths among pregnant women. CONCLUSION The prevalence of STH was significantly moderate in the study area, where pregnant women were mostly affected by ascariasis and hookworms. Living in a rural area, being a daily labourer, walking barefoot, not washing hands after the toilet, drinking from an unprotected water source, and lacking health information were the determining factors. Interventions including health education, the expansion of pure drinking water sources, the promotion of personal hygiene, and the wearing of shoes are recommended to reduce the burden of soil-transmitted helminths in the study area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Tesfa Mekonen
- Doreni Woreda Health Office, Ilu Aba Bor Zone, Mattu, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Bekana Hirpha
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Mattu, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Zewdie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Mattu, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tofel HK, Abongwa LE, Ndifor RF, Ntonifor HN. Intestinal helminthiasis, anaemia and associated risk factors in a cross-section of the population of Melong, Littorial Region of Cameroon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:649. [PMID: 38182648 PMCID: PMC10770123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessment of risk factors of intestinal helminths and anaemia in various geographical regions is important for the development of appropriate control strategies. This study aimed at determining the risk factors associated with intestinal helminths and anaemia in Melong, Cameroon. A total of 325 participants were recruited in this study between September-December 2021. Faecal samples were examined using the formol-ether sedimentation technique while haemoglobin level was measured using a HemoCue spectrometer. Data on demographic and behavioural factors was collected and used to determine the risk factors using a pretested structured questionnaire and analysed using SPSS. The overall prevalence of intestinal helminths was 24.6% (80/325). Helminths recovered from the study included hookworm (16%; 52/325), Schistosoma mansoni (10.8% 35/325) Ascaris lumbricoides (1.9%; 6/325), and Trichuris trichiura (0.6%; 2/325) with 15 participants having multiple infections (4.6%). The geometric mean egg density was 77epg and ranged from 20 to 560 epg of faeces. Males and age group ≤ 5 years had the highest parasite intensity (248epg). The overall prevalence of anaemia was 33.5% (109/325). Anaemia was significantly (p = 0.001) high at 48.8% (39/80) in those infected with intestinal parasites compared to non-infected individuals. Age group of 31-45 years; [3.42(1.05-11.21)] and > 65 years [6.21(1.75-12.47)], poor knowledge [0.41(0.67-6.07)], no regular deworming [0.70(1.76-21.96)], mud floors toilet [6.18(1.61-23.79)], toilets made of sticks [16.5(4.24-64.31)], and participants who did not have stomach/abdominal pains [0.22(0.07-0.67)] were significant predictors of helminth infections. Age group < 15 years [2.58(1.09-6.11)], geophagia [3.69(1.91-9.33)], hookworm infection [3.26(1.49-7.11)], S. mansoni [1.72 (1.16-3.41)] and those with multiple infections [1.76(1.04-2.88)] were identified as risk factors for anaemia. Risk factors identified in this study can be used to improve the control mechanism put in place by the government.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haman Katamssadan Tofel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, BP 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
| | - Lem Edith Abongwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, BP 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ruth Fri Ndifor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, BP 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
| | - Helen Ngum Ntonifor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, BP 39, Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon.
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alharazi T. Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Taiz Governorate, Yemen: A hospital-based study. Helminthologia 2023; 60:201-207. [PMID: 38152474 PMCID: PMC10750245 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women have been associated with severe adverse outcomes such as anemia, low birth weight, and mother and fetus morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Taiz, Yemen. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and January 2023. Sociodemographic and other explanatory variables were obtained via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The wet-mount and formol-ether concentration techniques were applied to identify the IPIs. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An analysis of descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. A p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. The study included a total of 393 pregnant women. Results Of the 393 pregnant women screened for intestinal parasites, 144 (36.6 %) had at least one parasite. The most common intestinal parasite was Giardia lamblia (12.2 %), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (10.9 %), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.4 %), Enterobius vermicularis (14.3 %), and Hymenolepis nana (1.8 %). Being a farmer (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.69-4.26, p = 0:003) and drinking from unsafe water wells, streams, rain, and dams (AOR = 2:6, 95% CI: 1.68-4.25, p ≤ 0:001) were significantly associated with IPIs. Conclusion Pregnant women in the study area still face a severe health burden due to intestinal parasitic infection. Therefore, it is recommended that health education should be improved, and safe tap water should be provided to pregnant women to reduce the incidence of IPIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Alharazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fagbamigbe OS, Olaseinde OS, Bello OO, Setlhare V, Nyaberi JM, Wegbom AI, Adebowale AS, Fagbamigbe AF. A multilevel Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo Poisson modelling of factors associated with components of antenatal care offered to pregnant women in Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:728. [PMID: 37407966 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most recent WHO guideline on antenatal care (ANC) utilization reaffirmed the necessary and compulsory care and services a pregnant woman should receive to maximize the importance and gains of ANC. While most studies focused on the time of initiation and number of ANC contacts, emphasis was rarely placed on the components of ANC offered to women. This study assessed how complete the components of ANC received by pregnant women are as a proxy for the quality of ANC services offered in Nigeria. We also assessed the clustering of the components and state-level differentials and inequalities in the components of ANC received in Nigeria. METHODS We used nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey. We analysed the data of 11,867 women who had at least one ANC contact during the most recent pregnancy within five years preceding the survey. The assessed components were tetanus injection, blood pressure, urine test, blood test, iron supplement, malaria intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), and told about danger signs. Others are intestinal parasite drugs (IPD)intermittent and HIV/PMTCT counsel. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable multilevel Bayesian Monte Carlo Poisson models were used. RESULTS In all, 94% had blood pressure measured, 91% received tetanus injection, had iron supplement-89%, blood test-87%, urine test-86%, IPTp-24%, danger signs-80%, HIV/PMTC-82% and IPD-22%. The overall prevalence of receiving all 9 components was 5% and highest in Ogun (24%) and lowest in Kebbi state (0.1%). The earlier the initiation of ANC, the higher the number of contacts, and the higher the quality of ANC received. Respondents with higher education have a 4% (adjusted incidence risk ratio (aIRR): 1.04, 95% credible interval (CrI): 1.01-1.09) higher risk of receiving more components of ANC relative to those with no education. The risk of receiving more ANC components was 5% (aIRRR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10) higher among pregnant women aged 40 to 49 years than those aged 15 to 19 years. Women who decide their healthcare utilization alone had a 2% higher risk of getting more components than those whose spouses are the only decision taker of healthcare use. Other significant factors were household wealth status, spouse education, ethnicity, place of ANC, and skill of ANC provider. Pregnant women who had their blood pressure measured were very likely to have blood and urine tests, tetanus injections, iron supplements, and HIV talks. CONCLUSIONS Only one in every 20 pregnant women received all the 9 ANC components with wide disparities and inequalities across the background characteristics and the States of residence in Nigeria. There is a need to ensure that all pregnant women receive adequate components. Stakeholders should increase supplies, train, and create awareness among ANC providers and pregnant women in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omon Stellamaris Fagbamigbe
- Portsmouth Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Data insight and analytics, Sopra Steria Limited, Hemel Hempstead, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oluwasomidoyin O Bello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Setlhare
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Jackline Mosinya Nyaberi
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Ike Wegbom
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ayo Stephen Adebowale
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Population Health and Research Entity, North-West University, Mafikeng, South Africa.
| | - Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Division of Population and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, Health Data Science Unit, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mosisa G, Diriba DC, Tsegaye R, Kejela G, Bayisa D, Oluma A, Wakuma B, Abadiga M, Turi E, Abera T, Bayisa L, Tufa G. Burden of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 37020236 PMCID: PMC10077618 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-023-00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ultimate goal of preventing intestinal parasites among pregnant women is to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. Numerous primary studies were conducted in East Africa presented intestinal parasite infection and associated factors among pregnant women. However, the pooled finding is not known. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasite infection and its determinants among pregnant women in East Africa. METHODS Articles published from 2009 to 2021 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and HINARI databases. The search for unpublished studies such as thesis and dissertations was checked in Addis Ababa University and Africa Digital Library. PRISMA checklist was used to report the review. Articles published in the English Language were considered. The data were extracted by two authors using data extraction checklists on Microsoft excel. Heterogeneity among the included studies was checked using I2 statistics on forest plots. Sensitivity and sub-group analyses were conducted to assess the presence of primary studies, and study characteristics responsible for the observed heterogeneity. RESULTS Of the 43 identified articles, about 23 articles were removed due to duplications. Then, by assessing the abstracts and full texts, four articles were removed because they failed to meet the eligibility criteria. Finally, 16 articles were included in the systematic and meta-analysis.The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites among pregnant women in East Africa was 38.54 (28.77, 48.32). In this study, variables like residing in rural areas (OR: 3.75; CI: 1.15,12.16), availability of latrine(OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 2.22, 3.91), eating raw fruits/vegetables (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.16, 5.11). and sources of water as unprotected sources (OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.11,4.35) show statistically significant association with the increased burden of intestinal parasites among pregnant women. CONCLUSION The burden of intestinal parasite infection among pregnant women in East Africa was high. Therefore, efforts should be made in deworming pregnant women at the community and institutional level by stakeholders to reduce the burden of intestinal parasite infections and related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getu Mosisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Dereje Chala Diriba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Reta Tsegaye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Gemechu Kejela
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Bayisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Oluma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Wakuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Muktar Abadiga
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ebisa Turi
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Tesfaye Abera
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Lami Bayisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Tufa
- Department of Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guilavogui T, Verdun S, Koïvogui A, Viscogliosi E, Certad G. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis in Guinea: Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020336. [PMID: 36839608 PMCID: PMC9964089 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitosis constitute a major public health issue, particularly in sub-tropical and tropical areas. Even though they are classified as neglected tropical diseases, no national study has been carried out recently in Guinea to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in Guinea. METHOD The PRISMA method was used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. The studies carried out in order to study intestinal parasitosis in Guinea and published between 2010 and 2020 were searched in online public databases. The prevalence of parasitosis was calculated by a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup comparisons were performed using Q-tests. Statistical analyses were performed with the R software. This review was registered with PROSPERO under the identification number CRD42022349743. RESULTS 69 studies were selected out of 1230 studies identified in online public databases. The meta-analysis involved 44,186 people with an overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of 52%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Guinea to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in different regions of the country. It was found that intestinal parasitosis are a real health problem in Guinea, hence, the need to put in place national strategies for regular control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothé Guilavogui
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Unité d’Appui à la Gestion et la Coordination des Programmes, Ministère de la Santé, Conakry 585, Guinea
| | - Stéphane Verdun
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Akoï Koïvogui
- Comité Départemental des Cancers (CDC-93), CRCDC-IDF, Site de Seine-Saint-Denis, 93146 Bondy, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l’Institut Catholique de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vasconcelos A, Sousa S, Bandeira N, Alves M, Papoila AL, Pereira F, Machado MC. Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Treatment and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Sao Tome and Principe: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:7492020. [PMID: 36438179 PMCID: PMC9699776 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7492020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a public health problem in developing countries such as Sao Tome and Principe (STP) although the pregnancy burden of IPIs is unknown in this endemic country. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IPIs, prescribed anthelmintics, and associated factors among pregnant women admitted to Hospital Dr. Ayres de Menezes (HAM). Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women admitted to the HAM who had undergone antenatal copro-parasitological screening. Data were abstracted from antenatal care (ANC) cards regarding parasitological results and anthelmintic prescriptions. A structured questionnaire face-to-face interview was also applied. Pregnant women with an IPI (210) were compared to noninfected women (151). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with IPIs were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 361 participants (210 IPI and 151 no-IPI) with a mean age of 26.96 (SD: 7.00) were included. The overall prevalence of IPI was 58.2% (95% CI 52.9 to 63.3), mainly due to helminthiasis, with a 55.9% (95% CI 50.7-61.2%) rate. Ascaris lumbricoides (90.9%) was the most predominant parasite species identified followed by Trichuris trichiura (13.8%). Polyparasitism was observed in 25 cases (11.9%). Anthelmintics were prescribed to 23% of pregnant women. S intercalatum (11) and E histolytica (7) infections were not adequately treated. IPI was significantly associated with primary education (AOR 1.73 (95% CI: 1.10-2.71)), unemployment (AOR 1.94 (95% CI: 1.20-3.13)), and parity of five or above (AOR 3.82 (95% CI: 1.32-11.08)). Conclusion This study highlights the IPI burden, associated factors, and missing treatment opportunities among pregnant women with STP. This study is a useful tool for policymakers in STP to enhance the health of women and their unborn babies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vasconcelos
- Unidade de Clínica Tropical - Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Nelson Bandeira
- Hospital Dr. Ayres de Menezes, São Tomé, Sao Tome and Principe
| | - Marta Alves
- CEAUL, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Papoila
- CEAUL, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Pereira
- Unidade de Clínica Tropical - Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Céu Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buchala AD, Mengistu ST, Mue AD, Gujo AB. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Yirgalem General Hospital, Sidama, Ethiopia. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
9
|
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Their Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Center at Woreilu Health Center, Woreilu, Northeast Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2022; 2022:5242252. [PMID: 35450129 PMCID: PMC9017482 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5242252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) affect millions of pregnant women worldwide and if left untreated can cause adverse effects for mothers, fetuses, and newborns. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Woreilu, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Woreilu Health Center from October 2018 to February 2019. A convenient sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The data related to the sociodemographic information and associated risk factors were collected by the interview technique, and fresh stool samples were collected from each pregnant woman. The microscopic examination of the stool samples was done by using direct wet mount preparations in normal saline and formol ether concentration techniques. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used. A p value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results A total of 331 pregnant women were included. The mean ± standard deviation of age of the participants was 26.3 ± 5.96 years ranging between 16 and 43 years. The overall prevalence of IPIs was 144 (43.5%) with the predominance of E. histolytica/dispar (44.4%) followed by A. lumbricoides (15.7%). Being a student (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.01-11.09, p = 0.047), second trimester (AOR = 3.94, 95% CI: 1.46-10.64, p = 0.007), third trimester (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.15-9.6, p = 0.027), and using spring water for drinking (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.62-5.22, p ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with IPIs. Conclusion The prevalence of IPIs was high in this study. Being a student, second and third trimester, and using spring water for drinking were associated factors with IPIs. Therefore, improving the sanitation of the students and providing clean drinking water for the women should be strengthened. Screening women and providing health education during their antenatal care (ANC) visits are also recommended.
Collapse
|
10
|
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Prenatal Care in the Northwestern Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:3387742. [PMID: 34977238 PMCID: PMC8718307 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3387742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are the common health problems in developing countries with low socioeconomic and poor living conditions. IPIs affect millions of pregnant women worldwide and may lead to adverse maternal and fetal effects. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence and associated risk factors of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 384 pregnant women was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019. Relevant information on potential risk factors associated with IPIs was gathered using a semistructured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and examined using wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the possible association between dependent and independent variables. The overall prevalence of IPIs was 36.7%. Seven species of parasites were identified. The most prevalent intestinal protozoan parasite identified was Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (9.6%) followed by Giardia intestinalis (8.9%). The predominant helminth parasite identified was Ascaris lumbricoides (8.6%), followed by hookworm (5.2%), Taenia spp. (3.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.3%), and Schistosoma mansoni (1.04%). Six pregnant women (1.56%) had infection by two parasite species. The odds of IPIs were higher among illiterates (AOR = 4.63), lowest monthly income earners (AOR = 3.49), primigravida (pregnant for the first time) (AOR = 2.04), those who used unboiled well/stream/river water for drinking (AOR = 14.55), ate soil (AOR = 2.32), and consumed raw vegetables (AOR = 1.91). The prevalence of IPIs in the study subjects was substantially high. Thus, screening of the women for IPIs and providing health education during their antenatal care (ANC) visit are recommended to prevent possible adverse maternal and fetal effects resulting from these infections.
Collapse
|
11
|
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Yifag Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:7291199. [PMID: 34721748 PMCID: PMC8553486 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7291199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at Yifag Health Center. Methods The data were collected by a questionnaire interview technique and collecting the stool samples from each pregnant woman. Wet-mount and formol-ether concentration techniques were applied to identify the IPIs. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 25, and P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Out of the total 280 pregnant women who were selected using a simple random sampling technique, 277 participated in the questionnaire survey and gave stool samples (a response rate of 98.9%). The prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women was 53.4% (95% CI: 47.37, 59.42). Taenia species (18.1%) was the predominant parasite followed by Giardia lamblia (12.6%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (9.4%), hookworms (9%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4%), Schistosoma mansoni (3.2%), Hymenolepis nana (0.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.4%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.4%). Eating raw vegetables (AOR = 2.721; 95% CI: 1.266, 5.849; P=0.010) and poor personal hygiene (AOR = 4.015; 95% CI: 1.456, 11.07; P=0.007) were associated risk factors for G. lamblia, while eating raw meat (AOR = 2.477; 95% CI: 1.252, 4.902; P=0.009) for Taenia species infections. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was high and still a health burden to the pregnant women in the study area. We recommend avoiding eating raw meat, strengthening sanitation and hygiene programs, and routine deworming of pregnant mothers to reduce the burden of IPIs among pregnant women.
Collapse
|
12
|
Animaw Z, Melese A, Demelash H, Seyoum G, Abebe A. Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:474. [PMID: 34210260 PMCID: PMC8252203 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are public health problems widely distributed in the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality; many of which occur among women of reproductive age. IPIs caused by helminthes and protozoan parasites are common among pregnant women. Data on the national pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors during pregnancy is not documented well in Ethiopia. This review aims at summarizing evidences on the burden of IPIs and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. METHODS Published and unpublished studies were thoroughly searched at MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Science Direct. In addition, repositories of Addis Ababa, Gondar and Jimma Universities were searched. Eligible studies were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and summary odds ratios (ORs) were determined with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Sub-groups analyses were done based on study region, types of parasites, methods of stool examination and study setting. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0 software. RESULTS Among 168 retrieved studies, 31 studies with a total population of 12,118 pregnant women were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 27.32 % (95 % CI: 20.61, 33.87 %). In the subgroup analysis, Oromia and Amhara regions had the highest prevalence with a 29.78 % (95 % CI: 15.97, 43.60) and 29.63 % (95 % CI: 15.37, 43.89); respectively. In addition, studies conducted in the community showed higher prevalence than institution based studies (49.93 % Vs 24.84 %; respectively). The most prevalent type of intestinal parasite identified were Hookworm followed by Ascaris lumbricoides with a pooled prevalence of 11.2 and 10.34 %, respectively. In our analysis; residence, being bare footed, lack of hand washing habit and eating uncooked/raw vegetables were significantly associated with IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of IPIs during pregnancy is relatively high in Ethiopia. Poor hygienic practices were identified as risk factors. Based on our finding, targeted preventive measures shall be considered so as to prevent morbidity and mortality due to IPIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Animaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
| | - Addisu Melese
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Demelash
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Seyoum
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wachamo D, Bonja F, Tadege B, Hussen S. Magnitude of parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women at health facilities in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. F1000Res 2021; 10:122. [PMID: 34136132 PMCID: PMC8182691 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27584.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are common problems during pregnancy, with adverse outcomes including low birth weight and prenatal mortality. The burden of parasitic infections and its impacts are high among pregnant women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of parasitic infections. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 randomly selected women attending antenatal clinic at five selected health facilities. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and stool specimens were collected in clean plastic containers. A combination of direct microscopy and the formol-ether concentration technique was used as soon as the specimen collected. Data entry and analysed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of IPI was 161 (45.9%). The most frequently identified parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (27.9%), Schistosoma species (13.7%), Trichuris trichiura (5.1%), Hookworm (4.8%), and Taenia species. (1.4%). The IPIs were associated with women having no formal education [AOR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.05-4.57] or elementary school education [AOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.11-3.27], as compared with high school educated and above. Monthly income of less than 1920 Ethiopian birr [AOR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.28-3.31], sharing a latrine with neighbours [AOR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.14-2.93], using lake water for washing clothes [AOR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.34-3.74], habit of eating raw vegetables [AOR=2.26, 95% CI: 1.30-3.92] were associated with IPI as compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: Nearly half of the pregnant women were infected with IPs. The health facilities and clinicians need to focus on prevention of IPIs by early diagnosis, treating lake water before use, promote proper latrine utilization and provision of pertinent health education as part of ante-natal care service. It is important to minimize the impact of IPIs on pregnant women and their child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demelash Wachamo
- Department of Public Health, Hawassa College of Health Sciences, Hawassa, Sidama National Regional State, 84, Ethiopia
| | - Fisseha Bonja
- Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama National Regional State, 1015, Ethiopia
| | - Bamlaku Tadege
- Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama National Regional State, 1015, Ethiopia
| | - Siraj Hussen
- Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Sidama National Regional State, 1015, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:9315025. [PMID: 32963559 PMCID: PMC7495234 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9315025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections affect pregnant women worldwide. The infection has been implicated in causing life-threatening conditions in both gravid women and their developing foetus. Sub-Saharan Africa is known to harbor the greatest proportion of intestinal parasitic infections largely due to socioeconomic and environmental factors. In Kasoa, Southern Ghana, there is paucity of data on the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women. Objective The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Kasoa Polyclinic. Methods A hospital based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among three hundred (300) conveniently sampled pregnant women receiving antenatal care services at the Kasoa Polyclinic. Structured questionnaires were administered to the study participants to assess sociodemographic and other possible factors. Stool samples were collected from each pregnant woman and examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by microscopy using direct wet mount as well as formol-ether sedimentation techniques. Results Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 14.3% (95% CI 11–19%). Entamoeba histolytica (5.0%) was the most predominant parasite species identified followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (4.3%), Giardia lamblia (2.3%), Trichuris trichiura (1.3%), Schistosoma mansoni (0.3%), Hookworm (0.3%), Hymenolepis nana (0.3%), and Isospora belli (0.3%). Age > 30 years (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06–0.48; p=0.001), multigravidity (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19–0.97; p=0.043), and 2nd and 3rd trimesters (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI = 1.36–16.49; p=0.015) were independently associated with intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women. Conclusions A prevalence of 14.3% pregnant women compared to previous studies in Ghana is relatively low. It however suggests that intestinal parasitic infection is still a problem. The major factors noted were age, gravidity, and gestational age. Routine stool examination and provision of public health education are recommended to prevent infection of pregnant mothers and their unborn babies.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mohan S, Halle-Ekane G, Konje JC. Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnancy - A review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 254:59-63. [PMID: 32942076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections are widespread worldwide and with increased global travel and transport of food, these are not entirely limited to traditionally endemic areas. The prevalence of parasitic infections in endemic areas among pregnant women ranges from 24 to 70 % with approximately 10 % of women having multiple parasites. Pregnancy with its increased nutritional demands and altered immunological defenses is an especially vulnerable time for acquiring parasitic infections, which may be associated with adverse outcomes such as anaemia, which in some cases may even contribute to mortality. The presence of a helminthic infections during pregnancy may also cause immunological effects that can contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality as well as affecting the maternal immune response and immune system function in the baby after birth. Mass administration of anthelminthic drug therapy has been applied in endemic areas but there is inconclusive evidence of its benefit in improving pregnancy outcomes, however, no safety concerns have been highlighted with the use of the recommended drugs for parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Mohan
- Department of Obstetrics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Gregory Halle-Ekane
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Justin C Konje
- Department of Obstetrics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rabiu OR, Dada-Adegbola H, Kosoko AM, Falade CO, Arinola OG, Odaibo AB, Ademowo OG. Contributions of malaria, helminths, HIV and iron deficiency to anaemia in pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in SouthWest Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1035-1044. [PMID: 33402949 PMCID: PMC7751510 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is a dominant source of anaemia in many settings. To evaluate the key cause of anaemia in the study area, the prevalence of anaemia due to major public health diseases was compared with anaemia due to iron deficiency. METHODS Pregnant women were recruited from ante-natal (n=490) and HIV clinics (n=217) with their personal data documented using a questionnaire. Microscopy of Giemsa-stained thick smears was used for detection of malaria parasites while helminths in stools were detected using direct smear method. Haematocrit values were determined by capillary method. Serum ferritin levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS The mean age of the recruited women was 28.6±5.4 years old. There were 68.1% cases of anaemia of which 35.5% was due to infections only predominantly HIV and malaria, 14.9% from unknown sources while anaemia due to iron deficiency only was 7.1%. CONCLUSION It can safely be inferred that malaria and HIV predispose to anaemia than iron deficiency in the study area. Although pregnant women are dewormed and given IPTp for helminths and malaria treatment respectively, there should be complementary routine malaria screening at ANC visits for those with HCT values <33% and those infected with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olawunmi R Rabiu
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University, Km 12, Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Hannah Dada-Adegbola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayokulehin M Kosoko
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Catherine O Falade
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olatunbosun G Arinola
- Immunology Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olusegun G Ademowo
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2020; 2020:8855362. [PMID: 32832133 PMCID: PMC7428958 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8855362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan countries. The disease burden of these parasites is significantly high among pregnant women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Poor living conditions, sanitation, and hygiene are believed to be the contributing factors. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of intestinal parasitic infection and factors associated with pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2017 to June 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the sociodemographic and other explanatory variables via face-to-face interviews. Stool samples were collected and examined using formol ether concentration technique. The magnitude of parasitic infection was calculated using descriptive statistics. The association between intestinal parasitic infection and determinant factors was assessed by logistic regression. The differences were considered to be statistically significant if the p value was less than 0.05. Results From a total of 743 pregnant women, the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 277 (37.3%). The prevalence of hookworm 138 (18.6%) was the leading cause of intestinal parasitosis followed by E. histolytica/dispar 113 (15.2%). Dwelling in rural area (AOR: 2.9 (95% CI: 1.85-4.85)), being a farmer (AOR: 1.91 (95% CI: 1.20-3.03)), eating raw vegetables (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI:0.09-0.24), lack of proper use of latrine (AOR: 2.89 (95%1.18-7.08)), poor environmental sanitation (AOR: 0.19 (95%: CI:0.08-0.47)), habit of soil eating (AOR: 0.42 (95% CI: 0.25-0.72)), having irrigation practice (AOR: 0.47 (95% CI: 0.29-0.77)), and lack of health education (AOR: 0.32 (95% CI: 0.13-0.77)) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusions Intestinal parasitic infection is a major problem among pregnant women in the study area. High parasitic infection is associated with poor hygienic and sanitation practices. Therefore, awareness creation through health education should be given to pregnancy on intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors.
Collapse
|
18
|
Parasitic infections among pregnant women at first antenatal care visit in northern Ghana: A study of prevalence and associated factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236514. [PMID: 32706826 PMCID: PMC7380595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parasitic infections remain widespread in developing countries and constitute a major public health problem in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. It is prevalent among children under 5 years and pregnant women; however, studies among the later high risk group is limited in the northern part of Ghana. Here, we evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of parasitic infections among pregnant women at first antenatal care visit in northern Ghana. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Upper East Region-Ghana. A total of 334 consecutive consenting pregnant women were included. Questionnaires were administered to obtain socio-demographic data. Venous blood, stool and urine samples were collected for parasite identification using microscopy. Factors associated with parasitic infections were evaluated using regression models. Statistical analysis was performed using R. Results Parasitic infections identified were giardiasis (30.5%), P. falciparum malaria (21.6%) and schistosomiasis (0.6%). Polyparasitic infection was identified in 6.6% of the population. Increasing age [Age of 20–29 years: AOR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.06–0.38); Age of 30–39 years: AOR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.08–0.50); Age >39 years: AOR = 0.30, 95% CI (0.11–0.83)] was associated with lower odds whiles presence of domestic animals [AOR = 1.85, 95% CI (1.01–3.39)], being in the second trimester of pregnancy [AOR = 2.21, 95% CI (1.17–4.19)], having no formal education [AOR = 3.29, 95% CI (1.47–7.35)] and basic education as the highest educational level [AOR = 6.03, 95% CI (2.46–10.81)] were independent predictors of increased odds of giardiasis. Similarly, having no formal education [AOR = 2.88, 95% CI (1.21–8.79)] was independently associated with higher odds of P. falciparum malaria. The use of insecticide treated net (ITN) [AOR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.21–0.89)] and mosquito repellent [AOR = 0.09, 95% CI (0.04–0.21)] were independent predictors of lower odds of P. falciparum malaria. Conclusion Giardiasis and P. falciparum malaria are common among pregnant women in northern Ghana. The major associated factors of giardiasis are lack of or low level of formal education, the presence of domestic animals and being in the second trimester of pregnancy. Increasing age confers protection against giardiasis. Likewise, lack of formal education is an associated factor for P. falciparum malaria among pregnant women in northern Ghana. The use of ITN and mosquito repellents reduce the risk of P. falciparum malaria. Given the possible role of parasitic infections in adverse pregnancy outcomes, our findings highlight the need for regular screening and treatment of infected women in the northern parts of Ghana. Public health education and improving socio-economic status could help reduce the risk of parasitic infections among pregnant women in the region.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hookworm Infection among Pregnant Women at First Antenatal Visit in Lira, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Reprod Med 2020; 2020:8053939. [PMID: 32685438 PMCID: PMC7341405 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8053939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hookworm infection in expectant mothers has adverse health effects on both the mothers and their unborn babies. Foetal effects are known to include intrauterine growth retardation and physical and mental growth retardation, while the mothers may develop anemia which could potentially result in death. Unfortunately, little is known about factors that may predispose a pregnant woman to infection by hookworm. In this study, we strived to determine not only the prevalence of hookworm infection among pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit during the current pregnancy in a local health center in northern Uganda but also factors that might predispose them to hookworm infection. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted among 346 pregnant women from Ogur Health Center IV located in Lira district, northern Uganda. Stool samples were collected from each study participant and analyzed for hookworms. The independent variables listed in this study (participant's sociodemographic characteristics, preconception care, and sanitation factors) were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis, including calculation of adjusted ratios, was performed using STATA software (version 14). Results Prevalence of hookworm infection among pregnant women who attended their first antenatal visit at Ogur Health Center IV was 11% (n = 38). After controlling for confounders, factors found to be significantly associated with this infection among pregnant women here were gardening barefooted (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 3.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6 to 7.5; P < 0.001) and fetching unsafe water shared with animals for domestic uses (AOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.2; P value of 0.002). Conclusion Hookworm infection among pregnant women at Ogur Health Center IV in Lira district, at 11%, is a public health concern and significantly associated with barefoot gardening and fetching water from unsafe sources shared with animals. We, therefore, recommend that special emphasis during routine prenatal health education be placed on the use of protective footwear during farming and fetching water for domestic use from protected safe sources. Author Summary. Hookworm infection is a parasitic condition that more often goes unnoticed, yet it presents immense detrimental effects, especially to pregnant women and their unborn children. It is a chronic disease with accruing effects of blood depletion resulting in anemia. Anemia is, by far, one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in Uganda. Pregnant women are more prone to hookworm infection by virtue of their compromised immunity, secondary to the physiological process of pregnancy. We demonstrated here that hookworm infection still exists among pregnant women in Uganda. We also showed that gardening barefooted and fetching water for domestic uses from unsafe sources shared with animals were major factors associated with this helminthic infection. This study provides evidence necessary to influence decision making on prevention of hookworm infection in the study area.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yesuf DA, Abdissa LT, Gerbi EA, Tola EK. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:735. [PMID: 31703749 PMCID: PMC6839149 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Lalo Kile district, Oromia, Western Ethiopia. RESULTS Out of the 315 respondents, the mean age was 24.7 ± 2.54 years ranging between 15 and 44 years. The majority of the respondents were Oromo in ethnicity (90.2%) and protestant in religion (83.2%) and almost all (99%) of the study participants were married. Two hundred twenty-six (72%) of pregnant women were attended at least primary school and two hundred forty-six (78.1%) of the respondents were from farmer households. About half of the households (51.7%) had a monthly income of greater than 35 USD. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 138 (43.8%) with the predominance of hookworm (33.7%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (7.3%). Being a farmer [AOR, 95% CI 7.3 (1.46, 37.00), P = 0.03], walking barefooted [AOR, 95% CI 6.13 (1.98, 19.00), P = 0.002] and absence of proper handwashing after latrine [AOR, 95% CI 5.36 (1.78, 16.00), P = 0.003] were significantly associated with occurrence of the intestinal parasitic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lensa Tesfaye Abdissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Emiru Adeba Gerbi
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Edosa Kifle Tola
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gebrehiwet MG, Medhaniye AA, Alema HB. Prevalence and associated factors of soil transmitted helminthes among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Maytsebri primary hospital, North Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:644. [PMID: 31585533 PMCID: PMC6778370 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soil-transmitted helminthes are among the most common infections worldwide and affect the poorest and most deprived communities. A health facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending at Maytsebri primary hospital. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20 software. Multivariate analyses were used to identify determinant factors associated with soil transmitted helminthiasis. A total of 448 pregnant women were examined microscopically with a Katokatz technique for parasitological study to each women. RESULTS Out of the total 448 pregnant women examined in the primary hospital, 229 (51.5%) women were infected by at least one of the soil transmitted helminthiasis. Hookworm was the most prevalent 179 (78.16%) soil transmitted helminthes infection. Women who had a habit of eating soil were 2.6 times more likely to be infected by soil transmitted helminthes compared to who do not eat soil. Participants who wear shoe always were 95% less likely to be infected by soil transmitted helminthes. Efforts should be done to advance the awareness of women how to prevent soil transmitted helminthes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Araya Abrha Medhaniye
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Haileselasie Berhane Alema
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, P.O.Box: 298, Aksum, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ojurongbe O, Okorie PN, Opatokun RL, Ojurongbe TA, Mabayoje VO, Olowe OA, Adeyeba OA. Prevalence and associated factors of Plasmodium falciparum and soil transmitted helminth infections among pregnant women in Osun state, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:542-551. [PMID: 30602986 PMCID: PMC6307031 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum and soil transmitted helminth (STHs) infection are widespread in sub-Sahara Africa, where co-infection is also common. This study assessed the prevalence of these infections and their risk factors among pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria. METHODS A total of 200 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic were recruited. Plasmodium falciparum was detected using thick and thin film methods, while formol ether concentration method was used for STHs detection. A questionnaire was used to investigate the possible risk factors associated with acquisition of malaria and helminth infections. RESULTS The prevalence of P. falciparum, STHs and their co-infection was 29.5%, 12% and 5% respectively. P. falciparum, STHs and P. falciparum + STHs co-infection was significantly higher in primigravidae (52.5% vs 58.3% vs 80%) than in secongravidae (18.6% vs 25.0% vs 20%) and multigravidae (28.8% vs 16.7% vs 0%) (p=0.02). Prevalence associated factors identified for P. falciparum was age (p=0.0001) while gravidity (p=0.02) was identified for P. falciparum + STHs co-infection. CONCLUSION High prevalence of P. falciparum and helminth infections was observed among the pregnant women with primigravidae being the most susceptible to co-infection. There is an urgent need to implement an effective malaria and STHs preventive method for this high risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Nkem Okorie
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Espinosa Aranzales AF, Radon K, Froeschl G, Pinzón Rondón ÁM, Delius M. Prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women residing in three districts of Bogotá, Colombia. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1071. [PMID: 30157817 PMCID: PMC6114175 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) lead to significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Intestinal parasitism during pregnancy is of interest as it may affect the health of pregnant women and their offspring. This study determined the prevalence of IPI in pregnant women living in substandard conditions in three urban districts of Bogotá, Colombia. Associations between prevalence and sociodemographic factors, housing, and living conditions were also evaluated. METHODS In a cross-sectional and community-based study, pregnant women were recruited from three districts of Bogotá. A total of 550 participants answered a questionnaire; 331 of these also provided stool samples, with 233 providing one and 98 providing two stool samples. Questionnaire responses were associated with the presence of intestinal parasites, which was determined using a standard combined microscopy technique including direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration. Results were verified by supplementary examination of 48 stool samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Among pregnant women who lived in selected poor residential areas in Bogotá, the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitism was 41% with 9% polyparasitism. Pathogenic parasites were present in 1.2% of the 331 participants including Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides. Higher prevalence was found for parasites with debated pathogenicity, including Blastocystis hominis (25%), Endolimax nana (15%), Entamoeba coli (8%), and Iodamoeba butschlii (2%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar complex was also detected (1.5%). When comparing a subset of stool samples using the combined microscopy technique and qPCR, the latter detected a higher 58.3% overall IPI prevalence. Higher prevalence of infections by any intestinal parasite was found in participants who had never been dewormed (p = 0.01). Higher but not statistically significant associations were found between any parasite and women living with a partner, and intestinal polyparasitism and being from a minority group and not having a water sink. CONCLUSIONS This first study of the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in Bogotá focused on pregnant women living in poverty, found a high prevalence of intestinal parasites of debated pathogenicity, and confirmed a low prevalence of pathogenic intestinal parasites. These results highlight the need for educational interventions to disrupt transmission routes for prevalent parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fernanda Espinosa Aranzales
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center for International Health, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Center for International Health, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Guenter Froeschl
- Center for International Health, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maria Delius
- Center for International Health, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Feleke BE, Jember TH. Prevalence of helminthic infections and determinant factors among pregnant women in Mecha district, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:373. [PMID: 30081837 PMCID: PMC6080381 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasites are the most common infections in developing countries. Prevalence and impacts of these parasites are high in pregnant women. The aims of this study were to determine prevalence of helminthic infection and evaluate the determinant factors during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mecha district from November 2015 to January 2016. The data were collected by interview technique and collecting the stool sample from each pregnant woman. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used. Results A total of 783 pregnant women were included. The prevalence of intestinal parasite among pregnant women was 70.6% [95% CI 67 -74%]. Ascaris lumbricoides (32.7%) was the predominant intestinal parasite species. Intestinal parasitic infection were 2.94 folds higher in the absence of latrine (AOR: 2.94 [95% CI: 1.5–5.8]). Absence of regular hand washing habit increase the odds of infection by 3.33 folds higher (AOR: 3.33 [95% CI: 1.54–7.14]). Not wearing shoe increased the odds of helminthic infection by 6.87 folds higher (AOR: 6.87 [95% CI: 3.67–12.9]). Illiteracy increases the odds of intestinal parasitic infection by 2.32 folds higher (AOR: 2.32 [95% CI: 1.04–5.26]). Ingestion of raw vegetables increases the odds of intestinal parasitic infection by 2.65 folds higher (AOR: 2.65 [95% CI: 3.23–9.9]). The odds of intestinal parasitic infection were higher in rural areas (AOR: 2 [95% CI: 5–10]). Intestinal parasitic infection was higher in women aged less than 21 years (AOR: 6.48 [95% CI: 2.91–14.4]). Conclusion The prevalence of helminthic infection is high in this study. Latrine utilization, hand washing habit, eating raw vegetables and bare foot were the major determinant factors for the high prevalence. Therefore, health education and improvements in sanitary infrastructure could achieve long-term and sustainable reductions in helminth prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Elfu Feleke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadesse Hailu Jember
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mengist HM, Zewdie O, Belew A. Intestinal helminthic infection and anemia among pregnant women attending ante-natal care (ANC) in East Wollega, Oromia, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:440. [PMID: 28870241 PMCID: PMC5584021 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia is a developing country where intestinal helminthic infections are major public health problems. The burden of intestinal parasites, particularly the soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), is often very high in school children and pregnant women. Anemia, associated with STH, is a major factor in women's health, especially during pregnancy; it is an important contributor to maternal mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection and anemia among pregnant women attending ANC in East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in five health centers of East Wollega Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia between November 2015 and January 2016. The health centers were selected randomly and study participants were enrolled consecutively with proportions from all the health centers. Stool and blood specimens were processed using standard operating procedures in accordance with structured questionnaires. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between predictors and outcome variables. P values less than 0.05 were taken as significant levels. Results were presented in tables and figures. RESULTS A total of 372 pregnant women were enrolled in this study with a median age of 25 years (range 17-40 years). The total prevalence of intestinal helminths was 24.7% (92/372) with the predominance of Hookworm (15.1%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (6.5%). Illiteracy [AOR, 95% CI 2.21 (1.3, 4.8), P = 0.042], absence of latrine [AOR, 95% CI 4.62 (1.7, 8.3), P = 0.013] and regular consumption of raw and/or unwashed fruit [AOR, 95% CI 3.30 (1.2, 6.3), P = 0.011] were significant predictors of intestinal helminthic infection. The overall prevalence of anemia was 17.5% (65/372) where mild anemia accounts for 80% of the total anemia. Anemia was significantly associated with the first trimester of gestation [AOR, 95% CI 2.82 (1.3, 6.2), P = 0.009], previous malaria infection [AOR, 95% CI 2.32 (1.3, 5.3), P = 0.003], failing to take iron supplements regularly [AOR, 95% CI 1.82 (1.1, 4.8), P = 0.022] and infection with intestinal helminths specifically with Hookworm (P = 0.001) and Ascaris lumbricoides (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION The prevalence of intestinal helminths and anemia was significantly high in this study. Different socio-demographic, lifestyle and obstetric factors were identified as significant contributors of intestinal helminthic infection and anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, public health measures and intensive antenatal care services are vital to promoting safe pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, P.O.Box: 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Olifan Zewdie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, P.O.Box: 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Belew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Wollega University, P.O.Box: 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shiferaw MB, Zegeye AM, Mengistu AD. Helminth infections and practice of prevention and control measures among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Anbesame health center, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:274. [PMID: 28701221 PMCID: PMC5508608 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth infections have a terrible impact on child growth and development, and harm pregnant women. Regular treatment and long term preventive interventions are important measures to break the transmission routes. Hence, identifying the status of helminth infection and practices of prevention and control measures among pregnant women is important in different geographical areas of Ethiopia including our setting. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 pregnant women from March to June, 2015. About 2 g of stool was collected and examined to identify helminth infections. Proportions and risk factors of helminth infections were calculated using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Among the total 180 study participants, 38 (21.1% [95% CI 15.2-27.0%]) pregnant women had helminth infections. Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni were the only identified helminth species. Thirty-six (20.0% [95% CI 14.3-25.7%]) and 4 (2.2% [95% CI 0.2-4.2%]) pregnant women had hookworm and S. mansoni infections, respectively. Of which, double infection (hookworm and S. mansoni) was found in two pregnant women. Only 32 (17.8%) pregnant women had proper hand wash practice after toilet, 48 (26.7%) drank treated water, and 40 (22.2%) wore shoes regularly. Those pregnant women who did not take albendazole or mebendazole dewormers (AOR 3.57; 95% CI 1.19-10.69; P 0.023) were more infected from helminth infections. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that there was a high intestinal helminth infection among pregnant women, and low practice of prevention and control measures. Thus, prevention and control measures should be strengthened in the setting.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tay SCK, Nani EA, Walana W. Parasitic infections and maternal anaemia among expectant mothers in the Dangme East District of Ghana. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:3. [PMID: 28057071 PMCID: PMC5217638 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic infections are of public health concern globally, particular among at risk groups such as pregnant women in developing countries. The presence of these parasites during pregnancy potentiate adverse effects to both the mother and the unborn baby. This study sought to establish the prevalence of some parasitic agents among antenatal attendees in the Dangme East District of Ghana. A cross-sectional prospective study was conduct between April and July, 2012. Venous blood specimens were collected from each participant for haemoglobin estimation and malaria microscopy. In addition participants' early morning mid-stream urine and stool specimens were analyzed microscopically for parasitic agents. RESULTS A total of 375 pregnant women were involved in the study, of which anaemia was present in 66.4% (249/375). However, parasitic infections associated anaemia prevalence was 49.6% (186/375). In all, 186 cases of parasitic infections were observed; 171 (44.0%) were single isolated infections while 15 (4.0%) were co-infections. Plasmodium species were significantly associated with anaemia (13.3%, χ2 = 23.290, p < 0.001). Also, the presence of Schistosoma haematobium (3.7%, χ2 = 7.267, p = 0.008), Schistosoma mansoni (5.3%, χ2 = 5.414, p = 0.023) and hookworm (3.7%, χ2 = 11.267, p = 0.008) were significantly associated with anaemia in pregnancy. Except where co-infections exist (3.7%, χ2 = 11.267, p = 0.001), the rest of the single infections were insignificantly associated with anaemia. Collectively, intestinal helminthes were predominantly significant with anaemia in pregnancy (p = 0.001, χ2 = 107.800). CONCLUSION The study revealed relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections among the study population, suggesting that about three-quarters of the anaemic mothers are either single or co-infected with parasitic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Crowther Kofi Tay
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Agbeko Nani
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Williams Walana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mahande AM, Mahande MJ. Prevalence of parasitic infections and associations with pregnancy complications and outcomes in northern Tanzania: a registry-based cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:78. [PMID: 26874788 PMCID: PMC4753041 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic infection(s) during pregnancy have been associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes in low resource settings. However, little is known about their influence on pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections and their association with pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using maternally-linked data from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) medical birth registry. Birth records from all women who delivered singleton infants from 2000-2011 were utilized. We excluded multiple gestations and rural medical referral for various medical complications. A total of 30,797 births were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.0. Odds ratio (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for adverse pregnancy outcomes and complications associated with parasitic infections were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. A p-value of less than 5 % was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The most prevalent parasitic infection recorded was malaria (17.0 %), while helminths and amebiasis were infrequently recorded (0.6 % vs. 0.7 %, respectively). Women who had malaria during pregnancy had 13 % increased odds of having a preterm delivery (OR = 1.13; 95 % CI: 1.01-1. 26) as compared to those who were not infected. They also had 33 % increased odds of getting maternal anemia (OR = 1.33; 95 % CI: 1.11-1.72). Likewise, pregnant women who were recorded with helminths infections had 29 % increased odds of having maternal anemia as compared to those who had no helminths infection (OR = 1.29; 95 % CI:0.48-3.53). Moreover, pregnant women who were recorded to have amebiasis had 79 % increased odds of having a preterm delivery as compared to those who had no ameba infection (OR = 1.79; 95 % CI: 1.12-2.91). CONCLUSIONS Malaria was the prevalent parasitic infection in the studied population while helminth and ameba infections were infrequently reported. These parasitic infections were also associated with increased risk of anemia and delivery of a preterm infant. These were the only three infections/infestations which were evaluated. Our analysis revealed that malaria, helminth and ameba infections during pregnancy is dangerous and has life threatening consequences. This highlight the need to provide early diagnosis and treatment for infected women to prevent pregnancy complications and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneth Mkunde Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Michael Johnson Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aderoba AK, Iribhogbe OI, Olagbuji BN, Olokor OE, Ojide CK, Ande AB. Prevalence of helminth infestation during pregnancy and its association with maternal anemia and low birth weight. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 129:199-202. [PMID: 25733444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of helminth infestation during pregnancy and the associated risks of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. METHODS A cross-sectional study of women with a singleton pregnancy of at least 34 weeks was conducted at a teaching hospital in Benin City, Nigeria, between April 1 and September 30, 2010. Socioeconomic and clinical data were obtained. Stool samples were used to determine helminth infection. Birth weight was recorded at delivery. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the link between helminth infestation and maternal and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS Among 178 women, 31 (17.4%) had a helminth infestation (15 [8.4%] had ascariasis, 8 [4.5%] trichuriasis, and 25 [14.0%] hookworm infestation). Multivariate analysis found that helminth infestations was associated with maternal anemia (adjusted odds ratio 12.4; 95% confidence interval 4.2-36.3) and low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio 6.8; 95% confidence interval 2.1-21.9). CONCLUSION Approximately one in five women had a helminth infestation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal helminth infestation significantly increased the risks of maternal anemia and low birth weight, indicating that routine administration of anthelminthic drugs during early pregnancy might improve perinatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi K Aderoba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mother and Child Hospital, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Oseihie I Iribhogbe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Biodun N Olagbuji
- Women's and Adolescent Health Research Initiative, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oghenefegor E Olokor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Chiedozie K Ojide
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Adedapo B Ande
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|