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Familial Resemblance in Body Shape and Composition, Metabolic Syndrome, Physical Activity and Physical Fitness: A Summary of Research in Portuguese Families and Siblings. Twin Res Hum Genet 2019; 22:651-659. [PMID: 31383042 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2019.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a summary of Portuguese families and siblings research under the umbrella of the Portuguese Healthy Family Project. Families lived in mainland Portugal, as well as in the Azores and Madeira islands. All samples comprise children and adolescents (9-20 years) and their parents (27-57 years). Recruitment procedures and phenotypes were detailed. Familial resemblance in body shape and composition, metabolic syndrome, physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behaviors are presented, as well as future research avenues.
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Poveda A, Chen Y, Brändström A, Engberg E, Hallmans G, Johansson I, Renström F, Kurbasic A, Franks PW. The heritable basis of gene-environment interactions in cardiometabolic traits. Diabetologia 2017; 60:442-452. [PMID: 28004149 PMCID: PMC6518092 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Little is known about the heritable basis of gene-environment interactions in humans. We therefore screened multiple cardiometabolic traits to assess the probability that they are influenced by genotype-environment interactions. METHODS Fourteen established environmental risk exposures and 11 cardiometabolic traits were analysed in the VIKING study, a cohort of 16,430 Swedish adults from 1682 extended pedigrees with available detailed genealogical, phenotypic and demographic information, using a maximum likelihood variance decomposition method in Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines software. RESULTS All cardiometabolic traits had statistically significant heritability estimates, with narrow-sense heritabilities (h 2) ranging from 24% to 47%. Genotype-environment interactions were detected for age and sex (for the majority of traits), physical activity (for triacylglycerols, 2 h glucose and diastolic BP), smoking (for weight), alcohol intake (for weight, BMI and 2 h glucose) and diet pattern (for weight, BMI, glycaemic traits and systolic BP). Genotype-age interactions for weight and systolic BP, genotype-sex interactions for BMI and triacylglycerols and genotype-alcohol intake interactions for weight remained significant after multiple test correction. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Age, sex and alcohol intake are likely to be major modifiers of genetic effects for a range of cardiometabolic traits. This information may prove valuable for studies that seek to identify specific loci that modify the effects of lifestyle in cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaitz Poveda
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yan Chen
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Brändström
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Engberg
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Frida Renström
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Building 91, Skåne University Hospital, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Studies on the determinants of physical activity have traditionally focused on social factors and environmental barriers, but recent research has shown the additional importance of biological factors, including genetic variation. Here we review the major tenets of this research to arrive at three major conclusions: First, individual differences in physical activity traits are significantly influenced by genetic factors, but genetic contribution varies strongly over age, with heritability of leisure time exercise behavior ranging from 27% to 84% and heritability of sedentary behaviors ranging from 9% to 48%. Second, candidate gene approaches based on animal or human QTLs or on biological relevance (e.g., dopaminergic or cannabinoid activity in the brain, or exercise performance influencing muscle physiology) have not yet yielded the necessary evidence to specify the genetic mechanisms underlying the heritability of physical activity traits. Third, there is significant genetic modulation of the beneficial effects of daily physical activity patterns on strength and endurance improvements and on health-related parameters like body mass index. Further increases in our understanding of the genetic determinants of sedentary and exercise behaviors as well as the genetic modulation of their effects on fitness and health will be key to meaningful future intervention on these behaviors.
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