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Xinyi X, Gong Y. The role of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 in tumor progression. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7285. [PMID: 38896016 PMCID: PMC11187935 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 is mostly known as a transporter for intracellular cholesterol efflux, and a number of studies indicate that ABCG1 also functions actively in tumor initiation and progression. This review aimed to provide an overall review of how ABCG1 acts in tumor progression. METHOD A comprehensive searching about ABCG1 and tumor was conducted up to November 2023 using proper keywords through databases including PubMed and Web of Science. RESULT Overall, ABCG1 plays a crucial role in the development of multiple tumorigenesis. ABCG1 enhances tumor-promoting ability through conferring stem-like properties to cancer cells and mediates chemoresistance in multiple cancers. Additionally, ABCG1 may act as a kinase to phosphorylate downstream molecules and induces tumor growth. In tumor microenvironment, ABCG1 plays a substantial role in immunity response through macrophages to create a tumor-favoring circumstance. CONCLUSION High expression of ABCG1 is usually associated with poor prognosis, which means ABCG1 may be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. ABCG1-targeted therapy may provide a novel treatment for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xinyi
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of ShanghaiFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of ShanghaiFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyFudan University Shanghai Medical SchoolShanghaiChina
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2
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Chang SN, Kang SC. Decursinol Angelate Inhibits Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1 Activity and Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis in MDR-CRC Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3541. [PMID: 37509203 PMCID: PMC10377166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in Europe in 2020. After CRC patients' recovery, in many cases a patient's tumor returns and develops chemoresistance, which has remained a major challenge worldwide. We previously published our novel findings on the role of DA in inhibiting the activity of GDH1 using in silico and enzymatic assays. No studies have been conducted so far to explain the inhibitory role of DA against glutamate dehydrogenase in MDR-CRC cells. We developed a multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cell line, HCT-116MDR, after treatment with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. We confirmed the MDR phenotype by evaluating the expression of MDR1, ABCB5, extracellular vesicles, polyploidy, DNA damage response markers and GDH1 in comparison with parental HCT-116WT (HCT-116 wild type). Following confirmation, we determined the IC50 and performed clonogenic assay for the efficacy of decursinol angelate (DA) against HCT-116MDR (HCT-116 multidrug resistant). Subsequently, we evaluated the novel interactions of DA with GDH1 and the expression of important markers regulating redox homeostasis and cell death. DA treatment markedly downregulated the expression of GDH1 at 50 and 75 μM after 36 h, which directly correlated with reduced expression of the Krebs cycle metabolites α-ketoglutarate and fumarate. We also observed a systematic dose-dependent downregulation of MDR1, ABCB5, TERT, ERCC1 and γH2AX. Similarly, the expression of important antioxidant markers was also downregulated. The markers for intrinsic apoptosis were notably upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. The results were further validated by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Additionally, GDH1 knockdown on both HCT-116WT and HCT-116MDR corresponded to a decreased expression of γH2AX, catalase, SOD1 and Gpx-1, and an eventual increase in apoptosis markers. In conclusion, inhibition of GDH1 increased ROS production, decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukkum Ngullie Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wang W, Chen L, Zhu W, Huang X, Lin L, Quan Z, Sun K, Xu Q. miR-4486 reverses cisplatin-resistance of colon cancer cells via targeting ATG7 to inhibiting autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1465. [PMID: 34737805 PMCID: PMC8561764 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) resistance is one of the main causes of treatment failure in patients with colon cancer (CC). Autophagy is a key mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy. Since autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) has been reported to be involved in the regulation of autophagy and DDP resistance for lung and esophageal cancer, the present study aimed to explore the functions of microRNA (miR)-4486 in the autophagy-mediated DDP resistance of CC. The expression level of miR-4486 in HCT116, DDP-resistant HCT116 cells (HCT116/DDP), SW480 and DDP-resistant SW480 cells (SW480/DDP) was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blotting was utilized to analyze the expression of ATG7, autophagy-related proteins Beclin 1 and LC3-I/II, as well as apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved-caspase 3 in HCT116/DDP and SW480/DDP cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration of DDP on all cell lines and the cell viability of HCT116/DDP and SW480/DDP cells were measured using Cell Counting Kit 8 assay. Luciferase assay was used to examine the potential targets of miR-4486 and ATG7. The effects of upregulating mimic miR-4486 expression on the apoptosis and autophagy of HCT116/DDP and SW480/DDP cells were determined by flow cytometry and electron microscopy, respectively. It was found that miR-4486 expression was significantly decreased in HCT116/DDP and SW480/DDP cells compared with that in HCT116 and SW480 cells. Overexpression of miR-4486 could increase the sensitivity of HCT116/DDP and SW480/DDP cells to DDP by reducing cell viability, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy through downregulating Beclin 1 expression and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Additionally, ATG7 was identified to be a target gene of miR-4486, where ATG7 overexpression could partially reverse the effects of miR-4486 on cell viability and apoptosis by promoting the formation of autophagosomes. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that miR-4486 could reverse DDP resistance in HCT116/DDP and SW480/DDP cells by targeting ATG7 to inhibit autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Linxia Chen
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Xianjin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhao Quan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyu Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
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Kunnummal M, Angelin M, Das AV. PIWI proteins and piRNAs in cervical cancer: a propitious dart in cancer stem cell-targeted therapy. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1629-1641. [PMID: 34374035 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Any form of cancer is a result of uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations and/or epigenetic alterations, implying that a balance of chromatin remodeling activities and epigenetic regulators is crucial to prevent the transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Many of the chromatin remodelers do not recognize any specific sites on their targets and require guiding molecules to reach the respective targets. PIWI proteins and their interacting small non-coding RNAs (piRNAs) have proved to act as a guiding signal for such molecules. While epigenetic alterations lead to tumorigenesis, the stemness of cancer cells contributes to recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Various studies have propounded that the PIWI-piRNA complex also promotes stemness of cancer cells, providing new doors for target-mediated anti-cancer therapies. Despite the progress in diagnosis and development of vaccines, cervical cancer remains to be the second most prevalent cancer among women, due to the lack of cost-effective and accessible diagnostic and prevention methods. With the emergence of liquid biopsy, there is a significant demand for the ideal biomarker in the diagnosis of cancer. PIWI and piRNAs have been recommended to serve as prognostic and diagnostic markers, to differentiate early and later stages of cancer, including cervical cancer. This review discusses how PIWIs and piRNAs are involved in disease progression as well as their potential role in diagnostics and therapeutics in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhunaraj Kunnummal
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mary Angelin
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India
| | - Ani V Das
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India.
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Quah SY, Wong CC, Wong HC, Ho KL, Abdul Manan N, Deb PK, Sagineedu SR, Stanslas J. Microarray-based identification of differentially expressed genes associated with andrographolide derivatives-induced resistance in colon and prostate cancer cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 425:115605. [PMID: 34087331 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance poses a major hurdle to cancer treatments. Andrographolide-derived SRJ09 and SRJ23 were reported to exhibit potent, selective inhibitory activities against colon and prostate cancer cells, respectively. In this study, previously developed resistant colon (HCT-116rst09) and prostate (PC-3rst23) cancer cell lines were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms contributing to chemoresistance. Cytotoxic effects of SRJ09 and SRJ23 on both parental and resistant cells were investigated. Cell cycle distributions in HCT-116rst09 cells following SRJ09 treatment were analysed using flow cytometry. Whole-genome microarray analysis was performed on both parental and resistant cells to obtain differential gene expression profiles. Microarray data were subjected to protein-protein interaction network, functional enrichment, and pathway analyses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the changes in expression levels of selected genes. Besides morphological changes, HCT-116rst09 cells showed 7.0-fold resistance to SRJ09 while PC-3rst23 cells displayed a 5.5-fold resistance to SRJ23, as compared with their respective parental cells. G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest was observed in HCT-116rst09 cells upon SRJ09 treatment. Collectively, 77 and 21 genes were found differentially modulated in HCT-116rst09 and PC-3rst23 cells, respectively. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis revealed several genes associated with FGFR4 and PI3K pathways, and cancer stemness, were chemoresistance mediators in HCT-116rst09 cells. RT-PCR confirmed the HMOX1 upregulation and ATG12 downregulation protected the PC-3rst23 cells from SRJ23 cytotoxicity. In conclusion, acquired chemoresistance to SRJ09 and SRJ23 in colon and prostate cancer cells, respectively, could be attributed to the alterations in the expression of genes such as those related to PI3K and autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ying Quah
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Charng Choon Wong
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Chyn Wong
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nizar Abdul Manan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O.BOX (1), Philadelphia University, 19392 Amman, Jordan
| | - Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Xie J, Zhu J, Pang J, Ma Y. HLA complex group 11 is involved in colorectal carcinoma cisplatin resistance via the miR-214-5p/SOX4 axis. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:535. [PMID: 34079592 PMCID: PMC8157335 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles and potential mechanisms of long non-coding RNA HLA complex group 11 (HCG11) in colorectal carcinoma. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to detect HCG11 expression in clinical tissues and survival analysis was performed to identify its prognostic value. In order to investigate its specific biological functions in colorectal carcinoma, the transfection technique was used for the knockdown and overexpression of HCG11. Dual-luciferase reporter gene and RNA pull-down assays were used to identify the binding association between HCG11 and microRNA (miR)-214-5p. Western blot analysis was used to detect the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation in tumor cells in the pathway downstream of HCG11. HCG11 level was high in colorectal carcinoma tissues, which was associated with poor patient prognosis; however, chemotherapy may prevent the upregulation of HCG11 in colorectal carcinoma. HCG11-knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration and chemotherapeutic sensitivity of colorectal carcinoma cells, whereas HCG11-overexpression enhanced chemotherapeutic sensitivity. miR-214-5p was revealed to be a target gene, and upon direct interaction, a negative regulator of HCG11 in colorectal carcinoma cells. Inhibition of miR-214-5p reversed the restriction of HCG11 on the malignant activity of colorectal carcinoma cells, while miR-214-5p mediated the chemotherapy-related intracellular EMT pathway. In conclusion, HCG11 is a vital oncogene of colorectal carcinoma involved in mediating the chemotherapeutic resistance of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
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7
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Manna D, Sarkar D. Multifunctional Role of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) in Cancer: Focus on Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081792. [PMID: 33918653 PMCID: PMC8069505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy is a major mode of treatment for cancers. However, cancer cells adapt to survive in stressful conditions and in many cases, they are inherently resistant to chemotherapy. Additionally, after initial response to chemotherapy, the surviving cancer cells acquire new alterations making them chemoresistant. Genes that help adapt the cancer cells to cope with stress often contribute to chemoresistance and one such gene is Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). AEG-1 levels are increased in all cancers studied to date and AEG-1 contributes to the development of highly aggressive, metastatic cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the mechanism by which AEG-1 augments tumor development with special focus on its ability to regulate chemoresistance. We also discuss potential ways to inhibit AEG-1 to overcome chemoresistance. Abstract Cancer development results from the acquisition of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer cells themselves, as well as continuous changes in their microenvironment. The plasticity of cancer cells allows them to continuously adapt to selective pressures brought forth by exogenous environmental stresses, the internal milieu of the tumor and cancer treatment itself. Resistance to treatment, either inherent or acquired after the commencement of treatment, is a major obstacle an oncologist confronts in an endeavor to efficiently manage the disease. Resistance to chemotherapy, chemoresistance, is an important hallmark of aggressive cancers, and driver oncogene-induced signaling pathways and molecular abnormalities create the platform for chemoresistance. The oncogene Astrocyte elevated gene-1/Metadherin (AEG-1/MTDH) is overexpressed in a diverse array of cancers, and its overexpression promotes all the hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 promotes tumorigenesis, with a special emphasis on its ability to regulate chemoresistance.
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Lepore Signorile M, Grossi V, Di Franco S, Forte G, Disciglio V, Fasano C, Sanese P, De Marco K, Susca FC, Mangiapane LR, Nicotra A, Di Carlo G, Dituri F, Giannelli G, Ingravallo G, Canettieri G, Stassi G, Simone C. Pharmacological targeting of the novel β-catenin chromatin-associated kinase p38α in colorectal cancer stem cell tumorspheres and organoids. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:316. [PMID: 33767160 PMCID: PMC7994846 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently unsatisfactory. This is mainly due to drug resistance, recurrence, and subsequent metastatic dissemination, which are sustained by the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. The main driver of the CSC gene expression program is Wnt signaling, and previous reports indicate that Wnt3a can activate p38 MAPK. Besides, p38 was shown to feed into the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here we show that patient-derived locally advanced CRC stem cells (CRC-SCs) are characterized by increased expression of p38α and are "addicted" to its kinase activity. Of note, we found that stage III CRC patients with high p38α levels display reduced disease-free and progression-free survival. Extensive molecular analysis in patient-derived CRC-SC tumorspheres and APCMin/+ mice intestinal organoids revealed that p38α acts as a β-catenin chromatin-associated kinase required for the regulation of a signaling platform involved in tumor proliferation, metastatic dissemination, and chemoresistance in these CRC model systems. In particular, the p38α kinase inhibitor ralimetinib, which has already entered clinical trials, promoted sensitization of patient-derived CRC-SCs to chemotherapeutic agents commonly used for CRC treatment and showed a synthetic lethality effect when used in combination with the MEK1 inhibitor trametinib. Taken together, these results suggest that p38α may be targeted in CSCs to devise new personalized CRC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Cellular & Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy
| | - Vittoria Disciglio
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy
| | - Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy
| | - Francesco Claudio Susca
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Rosa Mangiapane
- Cellular & Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nicotra
- Cellular & Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Carlo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Operating Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Dituri
- Personalized Medicine, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Personalized Medicine, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Operating Unit of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Cellular & Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Ba), Italy.
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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9
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Zhou Y, Li X, Ye M. Morusin inhibits the growth of human colorectal cancer HCT116‑derived sphere‑forming cells via the inactivation of Akt pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:1. [PMID: 33576447 PMCID: PMC7891835 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of colorectal cancer stem-like cells (CSC) is responsible for the failure of current treatments against colorectal cancer. Therefore, novel therapies need be developed to target CSCs. Some natural agents, including morusin have been proposed as possible candidates for this purpose. Morusin has been shown to exert antitumor effects. In the present study, it is demonstrated that morusin exerts antitumor effects on colorectal CSCs (CCSCs). The viability of human CCSCs was enhanced when the CCSCs formed spheroids in a serum-free and non-adhesive floating culture system. HCT116 sphere cells exhibited an increased proliferative capacity and a higher expression of stemness markers [octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), Sox2 and Nanog]. Morusin inhibited the development of cancer spheroids and suppressed the growth of sphere cells via the induction of cell cycle arrest. Similarly, morusin decreased the expression levels of the stemness markers, Nanog and Oct4. The data partially revealed the molecular mechanisms involved: β-catenin signaling maintains the growth of CSCs and directly modulates the expression of Nanog and Oct4. Morusin suppressed the activity of β-catenin signaling via the inactivation of Akt; the executive β-catenin/TCF4 complex and the downstream targets, c-Myc, survivin and cyclin D1, were also downregulated. Moreover, the morusin-induced inactivation of Akt also increased the expression of p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip, which can block the cell cycle by interacting with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that morusin inhibited the growth of colorectal cancer sphere cells, which were enriched with CCSCs via the inactivation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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10
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Targeting poor proteasomal function with radioiodine eliminates CT26 colon cancer stem cells resistant to bortezomib therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14308. [PMID: 32868872 PMCID: PMC7459321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that tumor response to conventional bortezomib (BTZ) treatment is enhanced by targeted radiotherapy of resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that have characteristically poor proteasome function. This was accomplished by augmenting 131I uptake through expression of a sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) fusion protein that accumulates in cells with low proteasome activity. The NIS gene fused with the C-terminal of ornithine decarboxylase degron (NIS-cODC) was cloned. Stably expressing CT26/NIS-cODC cells and tumorsphere-derived CSCs were evaluated for NIS expression and radioiodine uptake. CT26/NIS-cODC cells implanted into mice underwent PET imaging, and tumor-bearing mice were treated with BTZ alone or with BTZ plus 131I. CT26/NIS-cODC cells accumulated NIS protein, which led to high radioiodine uptake when proteasome activity was inhibited or after enrichment for stemness. The cell population that survived BTZ treatment was enriched with CSCs that were susceptible to 131I treatment, which suppressed stemness features. Positron emission tomography and uptake measurements confirmed high 124I and 131I uptake of CT26/NIS-cODC CSCs implanted in living mice. In CT26/NIS-cODC tumor-bearing mice, whereas BTZ treatment modestly retarded tumor growth and increased stemness markers, combining 131I therapy suppressed stemness features and achieved greater antitumor effects. The NIS-cODC system offer radioiodine-targeted elimination of CSCs that are tolerant to proteasome inhibition therapy.
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Ballout F, Monzer A, Fatfat M, Ouweini HE, Jaffa MA, Abdel-Samad R, Darwiche N, Abou-Kheir W, Gali-Muhtasib H. Thymoquinone induces apoptosis and DNA damage in 5-Fluorouracil-resistant colorectal cancer stem/progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2959-2972. [PMID: 32821342 PMCID: PMC7415406 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high recurrence rates of colorectal cancer have been associated with a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to the standard chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Thymoquinone (TQ) has shown promising antitumor properties on numerous cancer systems both in vitro and in vivo; however, its effect on colorectal CSCs is poorly established. Here, we investigated TQ's potential to target CSCs in a three-dimensional (3D) sphere-formation assay enriched for a population of colorectal cancer stem/progenitor cells. Our results showed a significant decrease in self-renewal potential of CSC populations enriched from 5FU-sensitive and resistant HCT116 cells at 10-fold lower concentrations when compared to 2D monolayers. TQ decreased the expression levels of colorectal stem cell markers CD44 and Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule EpCAM and proliferation marker Ki67 in colonospheres derived from both cell lines and reduced cellular migration and invasion. Further investigation revealed that TQ treatment led to increased TUNEL positivity and a dramatic increase in the amount of the DNA damage marker gamma H2AX particularly in 5FU-resistant colonospheres, suggesting that the diminished sphere forming ability in TQ-treated colonospheres is due to induction of DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. The intraperitoneal injection of TQ in mice inhibited tumor growth of spheres derived from 5FU-sensitive and 5FU-resistant HCT116 cells. Furthermore, TQ induced apoptosis and inhibited NF-κB and MEK signaling in mouse tumors. Altogether, our findings document TQ's effect on colorectal cancer stem-like cells and provide insights into its underlying mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ballout
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alissar Monzer
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maamoun Fatfat
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala El Ouweini
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miran A. Jaffa
- 2Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Abdel-Samad
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- 4Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Wassim Abou-Kheir, email:
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- 1Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- 4Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Correspondence to: Hala Gali-Muhtasib, email:
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12
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Tumor microenvironment and epithelial mesenchymal transition as targets to overcome tumor multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100715. [PMID: 32679188 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that multifactorial drug resistance hinders successful cancer treatment. Tumor cell interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR). TME-induced factors secreted by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) create an inflammatory microenvironment by recruiting immune cells. CD11b+/Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and inflammatory tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are main immune cell types which further enhance chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation nurtures tumor-initiating/cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), induces both EMT and MDR leading to tumor relapses. Pro-thrombotic microenvironment created by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from TAMs, MDSCs and CAFs is also involved in EMT and MDR. MDSCs are the most common mediators of immunosuppression and are also involved in resistance to targeted therapies, e.g. BRAF inhibitors and oncolytic viruses-based therapies. Expansion of both cancer and stroma cells causes hypoxia by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (e.g. HIF-1α) resulting in drug resistance. TME factors induce the expression of transcriptional EMT factors, MDR and metabolic adaptation of cancer cells. Promoters of several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes contain binding sites for canonical EMT transcription factors, e.g. ZEB, TWIST and SNAIL. Changes in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and autophagy during EMT also promote MDR. Conclusively, EMT signaling simultaneously increases MDR. Owing to the multifactorial nature of MDR, targeting one mechanism seems to be non-sufficient to overcome resistance. Targeting inflammatory processes by immune modulatory compounds such as mTOR inhibitors, demethylating agents, low-dosed histone deacetylase inhibitors may decrease MDR. Targeting EMT and metabolic adaptation by small molecular inhibitors might also reverse MDR. In this review, we summarize evidence for TME components as causative factors of EMT and anticancer drug resistance.
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14
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Targeting cancer stem cells as therapeutic approach in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:75-83. [PMID: 30818083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers globally. A large portion of colorectal cancer patients who are treated with conventional chemotherapy eventually develop local recurrence or metastases. The failure of a complete cure in colorectal cancer patients may be related to the lack of complete eradication of cancer stem cells when using conventional therapy. Colorectal cancer stem cells comprise a small population of tumor cells that possess the properties of rapid proliferation and differentiation. The colorectal cancer stem cells are also phenotypically and molecularly distinct, and resistant to conventional chemo-radiotherapy. Therefore, it is important to identify approaches in combination with conventional therapy for targeting and eradicating cancer cells. The aim of this review was to summarize the main findings of recent studies on targeting colorectal cancer stem cells as a novel therapeutic approach in colorectal cancer treatment.
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15
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Flores A, Sandoval-Gonzalez S, Takahashi R, Krall A, Sathe L, Wei L, Radu C, Joly JH, Graham NA, Christofk HR, Lowry WE. Increased lactate dehydrogenase activity is dispensable in squamous carcinoma cells of origin. Nat Commun 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30626875 PMCID: PMC6327029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous therapeutic strategies have attempted to target aerobic glycolysis to inhibit tumor progression, these approaches have not resulted in effective clinical outcomes. Murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can be initiated by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). HFSCs utilize aerobic glycolysis, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) is essential for HFSC activation. We sought to determine whether Ldh activity in SCC is critical for tumorigenesis or simply a marker of the cell type of origin. Genetic abrogation or induction of Ldh activity in HFSC-mediated tumorigenesis shows no effect on tumorigenesis as measured by number, time to formation, proliferation, volume, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, gene expression, or immune response. Ldha-null tumors show dramatically reduced levels of glycolytic metabolites by metabolomics, and significantly reduced glucose uptake by FDG-PET live animal imaging. These results suggest that squamous cancer cells of origin do not require increased glycolytic activity to generate cancers. Most tumours are characterized by increased aerobic glycolytic activity. Here the authors show that elevated aerobic glycolysis is not essential for cancer initiation by testing the effect of lactate dehydrogenase depletion on the ability of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) to form squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in mouse genetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flores
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.,Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, USA
| | - S Sandoval-Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - R Takahashi
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - A Krall
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - L Sathe
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - L Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - C Radu
- Department of Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - J H Joly
- Department of Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, USA.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, USA
| | - N A Graham
- Department of Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, USA.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, USA.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, USA
| | - H R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
| | - W E Lowry
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.
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16
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Szaryńska M, Olejniczak A, Kobiela J, Łaski D, Śledziński Z, Kmieć Z. Cancer stem cells as targets for DC-based immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12042. [PMID: 30104575 PMCID: PMC6089981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is often unsuccessful because of the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) resistant to conventional approaches. Dendritic cells (DC)-based protocols are believed to effectively supplement CRC therapy. Our study was aimed to assess how the number and properties of CSCs isolated from tumor tissue of CRC patients will affect the biological characteristics of in vitro modified DCs. Similar procedures were conducted with the using of CRC HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. We found that the detailed configuration of CSC-like markers significantly influenced the maturation and activation of DCs after stimulation with cancer cells lysates or culture supernatants. This basic stimulatory effect was enhanced by LPS that is normally present in CRC CSCs niche. The increased number of CD29+ and CD44+ CSCs presented the opposite impact on treated DCs as showed by many significant correlations. The CD133+ CSCs seemed to impair the functions of DCs. The more CD133+ CSCs in tumor sample the lower number of activated DCs evidenced after stimulation. Moreover, our results showed superiority of the spherical culture model over the adherent one since spherical HCT116 and HT29 cells presented similar influence on DCs properties as CRC patients cancer cells. We concluded that the DCs features may depend directly on the properties of CSCs affected by progression status of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szaryńska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Agata Olejniczak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Łaski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Śledziński
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
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17
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Hu J, Guan W, Liu P, Dai J, Tang K, Xiao H, Qian Y, Sharrow AC, Ye Z, Wu L, Xu H. Endoglin Is Essential for the Maintenance of Self-Renewal and Chemoresistance in Renal Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 9:464-477. [PMID: 28793246 PMCID: PMC5550272 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a deadly malignancy due to its tendency to metastasize and resistance to chemotherapy. Stem-like tumor cells often confer these aggressive behaviors. We discovered an endoglin (CD105)-expressing subpopulation in human RCC xenografts and patient samples with a greater capability to form spheres in vitro and tumors in mice at low dilutions than parental cells. Knockdown of CD105 by short hairpin RNA and CRISPR/cas9 reduced stemness markers and sphere-formation ability while accelerating senescence in vitro. Importantly, downregulation of CD105 significantly decreased the tumorigenicity and gemcitabine resistance. This loss of stem-like properties can be rescued by CDA, MYC, or NANOG, and CDA might act as a demethylase maintaining MYC and NANOG. In this study, we showed that Endoglin (CD105) expression not only demarcates a cancer stem cell subpopulation but also confers self-renewal ability and contributes to chemoresistance in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Hu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Allison C Sharrow
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430030, China.
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18
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Haynes J, McKee TD, Haller A, Wang Y, Leung C, Gendoo DMA, Lima-Fernandes E, Kreso A, Wolman R, Szentgyorgyi E, Vines DC, Haibe-Kains B, Wouters BG, Metser U, Jaffray DA, Smith M, O'Brien CA. Administration of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug Evofosfamide after Conventional Adjuvant Therapy Enhances Therapeutic Outcome and Targets Cancer-Initiating Cells in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2116-2127. [PMID: 29476017 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer-initiating cells (C-IC) have been described in multiple cancer types, including colorectal cancer. C-ICs are defined by their capacity to self-renew, thereby driving tumor growth. C-ICs were initially thought to be static entities; however, recent studies have determined these cells to be dynamic and influenced by microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia. If hypoxia drives the formation of C-ICs, then therapeutic targeting of hypoxia could represent a novel means to target C-ICs.Experimental Design: Patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts were treated with evofosfamide, a hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP), in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or chemoradiotherapy (5-FU and radiation; CRT). Treatment groups included both concurrent and sequential dosing regimens. Effects on the colorectal cancer-initiating cell (CC-IC) fraction were assessed by serial passage in vivo limiting dilution assays. FAZA-PET imaging was utilized as a noninvasive method to assess intratumoral hypoxia.Results: Hypoxia was sufficient to drive the formation of CC-ICs and colorectal cancer cells surviving conventional therapy were more hypoxic and C-IC-like. Using a novel approach to combination therapy, we show that sequential treatment with 5-FU or CRT followed by evofosfamide not only inhibits tumor growth of xenografts compared with 5-FU or CRT alone, but also significantly decreases the CC-IC fraction. Furthermore, noninvasive FAZA-PET hypoxia imaging was predictive of a tumor's response to evofosfamide.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate a novel means to target the CC-IC fraction by adding a HAP sequentially after conventional adjuvant therapy, as well as the use of FAZA-PET as a biomarker for hypoxia to identify tumors that will benefit most from this approach. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2116-27. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Haynes
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Haller
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yadong Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cherry Leung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deena M A Gendoo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Antonija Kreso
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Wolman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Szentgyorgyi
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglass C Vines
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradly G Wouters
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ur Metser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Jaffray
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Techna Institute for the Advancement of Technology for Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myles Smith
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A O'Brien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Lee TY, Liu CL, Chang YC, Nieh S, Lin YS, Jao SW, Chen SF, Liu TY. Increased chemoresistance via Snail-Raf kinase inhibitor protein signaling in colorectal cancer in response to a nicotine derivative. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23512-20. [PMID: 26992205 PMCID: PMC5029643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A tobacco-specific component, 4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK), is a major risk factor for many cancers. Recent reports have demonstrated that NNK exposure may be associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance in certain cancers. However, the underlying NNK-induced mechanism contributing to the aggressiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we used HT29 cells treated with NNK to simulate the long-term exposure of cigarette smoke. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and drug-resistance genes expression, cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, and anti-apoptotic activity. Signaling pathways related to chemoresistance were also investigated. As a result, NNK exposure dose-dependently stimulates cell proliferation, enhance abilities of migration and invasion, induce EMT phenomenon, and attenuate apoptosis. Furthermore, NNK exposure also promotes the capabilities of sphere formation, upregulation of Snail, and overexpression of CD133, Nanog, OCT4, and the drug-resistant genes. Knockdown of Snail results in upregulation of Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), increased apoptosis, reversal of EMT phenomenon, and reducation of expression of CSC markers, all of which contribute to a decrease of chemoresistance. Our study demonstrates a number of related mechanisms that mediate the effect of NNK exposure on increasing CRC therapeutic resistance via the Snail signaling pathway. Targeting Snail may provide a feasible strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Yu Lee
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Lin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Department and Graduate School of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin Nieh
- Department and Graduate School of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Wen Jao
- Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Feng Chen
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Yun Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Szaryńska M, Olejniczak A, Kobiela J, Spychalski P, Kmieć Z. Therapeutic strategies against cancer stem cells in human colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7653-7668. [PMID: 29250169 PMCID: PMC5727596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent malignancy and represents the fourth most common cause of cancer-associated mortalities in the world. Despite many advances in the treatment of CRC, the 5-year survival rate of patients with CRC remains unsatisfactory due to tumor recurrence and metastases. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs), have been suggested to be responsible for the initiation and relapse of the disease, and have been identified in CRC. Due to their basic biological features, which include self-renewal and pluripotency, CSCs may be novel therapeutic targets for CRC and other cancer types. Conventional therapeutics only act on proliferating and mature cancer cells, while quiescent CSCs survive and often become resistant to chemotherapy. In this review, markers of CRC-CSCs are evaluated and the recently introduced experimental therapies that specifically target these cells by inducing CSC proliferation, differentiation and sensitization to apoptotic signals via molecules including Dickkopf-1, bone morphogenetic protein 4, Kindlin-1, tankyrases, and p21-activated kinase 1, are discussed. In addition, novel strategies aimed at inhibiting some crucial processes engaged in cancer progression regulated by the Wnt, transforming growth factor β and Notch signaling pathways (pyrvinium pamoate, silibinin, PRI-724, P17, and P144 peptides) are also evaluated. Although the metabolic alterations in cancer were first described decades ago, it is only recently that the concept of targeting key regulatory molecules of cell metabolism, such as sirtuin 1 (miR-34a) and AMPK (metformin), has emerged. In conclusion, the discovery of CSCs has resulted in the definition of novel therapeutic targets and the development of novel experimental therapies for CRC. However, further investigations are required in order to apply these novel drugs in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szaryńska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Olejniczak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Invasive Medicine Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Spychalski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Invasive Medicine Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmieć
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk; Gdańsk, Poland
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21
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Gharib AF, Shalaby SM, Raafat N, Fawzy WMS, Abdel Hakim NH. Assessment of neutralizing interleukin-4 effect on CD133 gene expression in colon cancer cell line. Cytokine 2017; 97:66-72. [PMID: 28578295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer may be maintained by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) that express the cell surface marker CD133. CSCs (CD133+cells) exhibits greater resistance to the chemotherapy and this resistance may be mediated in part by an autocrine response to IL4. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of anti-IL4 antibody alone or in combination with chemotherapy on the CD133 expression andthe tumor growth. We used Caco cell line in our experiments and the samples were as the following; untreated colorectal cell line, cells treated by chemotherapy, cells treated by anti-IL4 antibody in 3doses (2.5, 5, 10μg/ml), cells treatedby combination of chemotherapy and anti-IL4 antibody in 3 doses. Results of our in vitro studies demonstrated that anti-IL4 inhibited growth of Caco cell line in a dose-dependent manner revealing a 32.11% inhibition at the highest concentration (10µg/ml). There was further significant inhibition by combination of anti IL4 and chemotherapy in a dose response manner when compared to group treated by chemotherapy only. These effects were associated with decreased expression of CD133 in tumor cells also. Lastly, anti-IL4 antibody stimulated apoptosis. Our study suggested that neutralizing of IL4 by anti IL4 antibody affect the CD133+ cells may be by increasing their apoptosis. The effects of anti IL4 antibody either, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, inhibited the tumor growth and decreased the viable tumor cells. Furthermore, neutralizing of IL4 increased the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal F Gharib
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nermin Raafat
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa M S Fawzy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Nabila H Abdel Hakim
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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22
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Song K, Kwon H, Han C, Zhang J, Dash S, Lim K, Wu T. Active glycolytic metabolism in CD133(+) hepatocellular cancer stem cells: regulation by MIR-122. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40822-35. [PMID: 26506419 PMCID: PMC4747371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although altered metabolic pathway is an important diagnostic maker and therapeutic target in cancer, it is poorly understood in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here we show that the CD133 (+) hepatocellular CSCs have distinct metabolic properties, characterized by more active glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation, compared to the CD133 (−) cells. Inhibition of PDK4 and LDHA markedly suppresses CD133 (+) stemness characteristics and overcome resistance to sorafenib (current chemotherapeutic agent for hepatocellular cancer). Addition of glucose or lactate to CD133 (−) cells promotes CSC phenotypes, as evidenced by increased CD133 (+) cell population, elevated stemness gene expression and enhanced spheroid formation. Furthermore, the liver-specific miRNA, miR-122, inhibits CSC phenotypes by regulating glycolysis through targeting PDK4. Our findings suggest that enhanced glycolysis is associated with CD133 (+) stem-like characteristics and that metabolic reprogramming through miR-122 or PDK4 may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of hepatocellular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungsub Song
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hyunjoo Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kyu Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute and Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Kim N, Cho SB, Park YL, Park SY, Myung E, Kim SH, Yu HM, Son YA, Myung DS, Lee WS, Joo YE. Effect of Recepteur d'Origine Nantais expression on chemosensitivity and tumor cell behavior in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3331-40. [PMID: 27035413 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) expression is known to induce oncogenic properties including tumor cell growth, survival, motility, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. In the present study, we evaluated whether RON affects chemosensitivity and oncogenic behavior of colorectal cancer cells and investigated its prognostic value in colorectal cancer. To evaluate the impact of RON on chemosensitivity and tumor cell behavior, we treated colorectal cancer cells with small interfering RNAs specific to RON. This was followed by flow cytometric analyses and migration, Matrigel invasion and endothelial tube formation assays. The expression of RON was investigated by immunohistochemistry in colorectal cancer tissues. TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical staining for CD34 and D2-40 were deployed to determine apoptosis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RON knockdown enhanced 5-fluorouracil (FU)-induced apoptosis by upregulating the activities of caspases and expression of proapoptotic genes. Moreover, it enhanced 5-FU-induced cell cycle arrest by decreasing the expression of cyclins and cyclin‑dependent kinases and inducing that of p21. Furthermore, RON knockdown augmented the 5-FU-induced inhibition of invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells. The β-catenin signaling cascade was blocked by RON knockdown upon 5-FU treatment. RON knockdown also decreased endothelial tube formation and expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α and increased angiostatin expression. Furthermore, it inhibited lymphatic endothelial cell tube formation and the expression of VEGF-C and COX-2. RON expression was observed to be associated with age, tumor size, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, tumor stage, lymph node and distant metastasis, and poor survival rate. The mean microvessel density value of RON-positive tumors was significantly higher than that of RON-negative ones. These results indicate that RON is associated with tumor progression by inhibiting chemosensitivity and enhancing angiogenesis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seong Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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Ahmad R, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Cancer Stem Cell and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Current Status, Targeted Therapy and Future Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5. [PMID: 31656694 PMCID: PMC6814166 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0501.1000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are biologically distinct subset of rare cancer cells with inherent ability of self-renewal, de-differentiation, and capacity to initiate and maintain malignant tumor growth. Studies have further reported that CSCs prime cancer recurrence and therapy resistance. Therefore, targeting CSCs to inhibit cancer progression has become an attractive anti-cancer therapeutical strategy. Recent technical advances have provided a greater appreciation of the multistep nature of the oncogenesis and also clarified that CSC concept is not universally applicable. Irrespective, the role of the CSCs in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, responsible for the most cancer-associated death, has been widely accepted and appreciated. However, despite the tremendous progress made in the last decade in developing markers to identify CSCs, and assays to assess tumorigenic function of CSCs, it remains an area of active investigation. In current article, we review findings related to the role and identification of CSCs in GI-cancers and discuss the crucial pathways involved in regulating CSCs populations’ development and drug resistance, and use of the tumoroid culture to test novel CSCs-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,VA Nebraska- Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,VA Nebraska- Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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25
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Di Francesco AM, Toesca A, Cenciarelli C, Giordano A, Gasbarrini A, Puglisi MA. Metabolic Modification in Gastrointestinal Cancer Stem Cells: Characteristics and Therapeutic Approaches. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2081-7. [PMID: 26791139 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is much interest in the characterization of metabolic profiling of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal capacity. Indeed, ever-growing evidence indicate that metabolism and stemness are highly intertwined processes in tumor tissue. In this review, we analyze the potential metabolic targeting strategies for eradicating CSCs that could help to develop a more effective therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal cancers. Indeed, the successful elimination of a tumor requires an anticancer therapy that affects both cancer cells and CSCs. The observation that gastrointestinal CSCs possess higher inducible nitric oxide sinthase (iNOS) expression, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and a different metabolism respect to no-CSCs tumor cells has paved the way to develop drugs targeting CSC specific signaling. In particular, several studies have highlighted that metformin, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, and iNOS inhibitors selectively suppressed CSC growth and that combinatorial therapy of them with standard chemotherapeutic drugs had a synergistic effect resulting in reduced tumor burden and delayed tumor recurrence. Thus, the possibility of combining specific CSC metabolism inhibitors with existing therapeutic approaches could have profound anticancer effects, changing the conventional treatment approaches to gastrointestinal cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2081-2087, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia Toesca
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cenciarelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
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26
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Lee CH, Yu CC, Wang BY, Chang WW. Tumorsphere as an effective in vitro platform for screening anti-cancer stem cell drugs. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1215-26. [PMID: 26527320 PMCID: PMC4811455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a sub-population of cells within cancer tissues with tumor initiation, drug resistance and metastasis properties. CSCs also have been considered as the main cause of cancer recurrence. Targeting CSCs have been suggested as the key for successful treatment against cancer. Tumorsphere cultivation is based on culturing cancer cells onto ultralow attachment surface in serum-free media under the supplementation with growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Tumorsphere cultivation is widely used to analyze the self-renewal capability of CSCs and to enrich these cells from bulk cancer cells. This method also provides a reliable platform for screening potential anti-CSC agents. The in vitro anti-proliferation activity of potential agents selected from tumorsphere assay is more translatable into in vivo anti-tumorigenic activity compared with general monolayer culture. Tumorsphere assay can also measure the outcome of clinical trials for potential anti-cancer agents. In addition, tumorsphere assay may be a promising strategy in the innovation of future cancer therapeutica and may help in the screening of anti-cancer small-molecule chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, ChangHua Christian Hospital, ChangHua County, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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27
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Polyphenols as Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Disease: New Therapeutic Strategies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6475624. [PMID: 26649142 PMCID: PMC4663347 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6475624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer onset and progression have been linked to oxidative stress by increasing DNA mutations or inducing DNA damage, genome instability, and cell proliferation and therefore antioxidant agents could interfere with carcinogenesis. It is well known that conventional radio-/chemotherapies influence tumour outcome through ROS modulation. Since these antitumour treatments have important side effects, the challenge is to develop new anticancer therapeutic strategies more effective and less toxic for patients. To this purpose, many natural polyphenols have emerged as very promising anticancer bioactive compounds. Beside their well-known antioxidant activities, several polyphenols target epigenetic processes involved in cancer development through the modulation of oxidative stress. An alternative strategy to the cytotoxic treatment is an approach leading to cytostasis through the induction of therapy-induced senescence. Many anticancer polyphenols cause cellular growth arrest through the induction of a ROS-dependent premature senescence and are considered promising antitumour therapeutic tools. Furthermore, one of the most innovative and interesting topics is the evaluation of efficacy of prooxidant therapies on cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several ROS inducers-polyphenols can impact CSCs metabolisms and self-renewal related pathways. Natural polyphenol roles, mainly in chemoprevention and cancer therapies, are described and discussed in the light of the current literature data.
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28
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Guo M, Dou J. Advances and perspectives of colorectal cancer stem cell vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:107-20. [PMID: 26653557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is essentially an environmental and genetic disease featured by uncontrolled cell growth and the capability to invade other parts of the body by forming metastases, which inconvertibly cause great damage to tissues and organs. It has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the developed countries such as United States, and approximately 1.2 million new cases are yearly diagnosed worldwide, with the death rate of more than 600,000 annually and incidence rates are increasing in most developing countries. Apart from the generally accepted theory that pathogenesis of colorectal cancer consists of genetic mutation of a certain target cell and diversifications in tumor microenvironment, the colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) theory makes a different explanation, stating that among millions of colon cancer cells there is a specific and scanty cellular population which possess the capability of self-renewal, differentiation and strong oncogenicity, and is tightly responsible for drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Based on these characteristics, CCSCs are becoming a novel target cells both in the clinical and the basic studies, especially the study of CCSCs vaccines due to induced efficient immune response against CCSCs. This review provides an overview of CCSCs and preparation technics and targeting factors related to CCSCs vaccines in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology of Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Montales MTE, Simmen RCM, Ferreira ES, Neves VA, Simmen FA. Metformin and soybean-derived bioactive molecules attenuate the expansion of stem cell-like epithelial subpopulation and confer apoptotic sensitivity in human colon cancer cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:49. [PMID: 26506839 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease whose genesis may include metabolic dysregulation. Cancer stem cells are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions since their aberrant expansion may underlie tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. To investigate the actions of metabolic regulators on cancer stem cell-like cells (CSC) in CRC, we determined the effects of soybean-derived bioactive molecules and the anti-diabetes drug metformin (MET), alone and together, on the growth, survival, and frequency of CSC in human HCT116 cells. Effects of MET (60 μM) and soybean components genistein (Gen, 2 μM), lunasin (Lun, 2 μM), β-conglycinin (β-con, 3 μM), and glycinin (Gly, 3 μM) on HCT116 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA/protein expression and on the frequency of the CSC CD133(+)CD44(+) subpopulation by colonosphere assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting/flow cytometry were evaluated. MET, Gen, and Lun, individually and together, inhibited HCT116 viability and colonosphere formation and, conversely, enhanced HCT116 apoptosis. Reductions in frequency of the CSC CD133(+)CD44(+) subpopulation with MET, Gen, and Lun were found to be associated with increased PTEN and reduced FASN expression. In cells under a hyperinsulinemic state mimicking metabolic dysregulation and without and with added PTEN-specific inhibitor SF1670, colonosphere formation and frequency of the CD133(+)CD44(+) subpopulation were decreased by MET, Lun and Gen, alone and when combined. Moreover, MET + Lun + Gen co-treatment increased the pro-apoptotic and CD133(+)CD44(+)-inhibitory efficacy of 5-fluorouracil under hyperinsulinemic conditions. Results identify molecular networks shared by MET and bioavailable soy food components, which potentially may be harnessed to increase drug efficacy in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theresa E Montales
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Winthrop Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Mail #505, 4301 West Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Winthrop Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Mail #505, 4301 West Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Ederlan S Ferreira
- Department of Bromatological Analysis, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Neves
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Frank A Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Winthrop Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Mail #505, 4301 West Markham St., Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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30
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Oh JH, Deasy JO. A literature mining-based approach for identification of cellular pathways associated with chemoresistance in cancer. Brief Bioinform 2015. [PMID: 26220932 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of many human cancer types. Increasing evidence has revealed that chemoresistance involves many genes and multiple complex biological mechanisms including cancer stem cells, drug efflux mechanism, autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance. However, understanding of the biological mechanisms in chemoresistance still remains limited. We surveyed the literature on chemoresistance-related genes and pathways of multiple cancer types. We then used a curated pathway database to investigate significant chemoresistance-related biological pathways. In addition, to investigate the importance of chemoresistance-related markers in protein-protein interaction networks identified using the curated database, we used a gene-ranking algorithm designed based on a graph-based scoring function in our previous study. Our comprehensive survey and analysis provide a systems biology-based overview of the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance.
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Translational potential of cancer stem cells: A review of the detection of cancer stem cells and their roles in cancer recurrence and cancer treatment. Exp Cell Res 2015; 335:135-47. [PMID: 25967525 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with many clinical implications in most cancer types. One important clinical implication of CSCs is their role in cancer metastases, as reflected by their ability to initiate and drive micro and macro-metastases. The other important contributing factor for CSCs in cancer management is their function in causing treatment resistance and recurrence in cancer via their activation of different signalling pathways such as Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways. Thus, many different therapeutic approaches are being tested for prevention and treatment of cancer recurrence. These may include treatment strategies targeting altered genetic signalling pathways by blocking specific cell surface molecules, altering the cancer microenvironments that nurture cancer stem cells, inducing differentiation of CSCs, immunotherapy based on CSCs associated antigens, exploiting metabolites to kill CSCs, and designing small interfering RNA/DNA molecules that especially target CSCs. Because of the huge potential of these approaches to improve cancer management, it is important to identify and isolate cancer stem cells for precise study and application of prior the research on their role in cancer. Commonly used methodologies for detection and isolation of CSCs include functional, image-based, molecular, cytological sorting and filtration approaches, the use of different surface markers and xenotransplantation. Overall, given their significance in cancer biology, refining the isolation and targeting of CSCs will play an important role in future management of cancer.
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32
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Huczyński A, Antoszczak M, Kleczewska N, Lewandowska M, Maj E, Stefańska J, Wietrzyk J, Janczak J, Celewicz L. Synthesis and biological activity of salinomycin conjugates with floxuridine. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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33
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Pistollato F, Giampieri F, Battino M. The use of plant-derived bioactive compounds to target cancer stem cells and modulate tumor microenvironment. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 75:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Vincent Z, Urakami K, Maruyama K, Yamaguchi K, Kusuhara M. CD133-positive cancer stem cells from Colo205 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line show resistance to chemotherapy and display a specific metabolomic profile. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:250-60. [PMID: 25221643 PMCID: PMC4162140 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have drawn substantial interest in cancer research since they have been described as major targets to improve treatment of tumors and to prevent recurrence and metastasis. In this paper, we report on the search for CSCs within the Colo205 human adenocarcinoma cell line. We describe that CD133 (prominin) was the only reliable marker for the isolation and characterization of CSCs within a Colo205 cell population. CD133-positive cells displayed many CSC characteristics, such as tumorsphere formation ability, expression of early-stage development markers, high invasiveness, raised tumor initiation potential and resistance to cisplatin chemotherapy treatment. In vitro analyses also highlighted a specific metabolomic profile of CD133-positive cells and we concluded that the chemotherapy resistance of CSCs could be related to the quiescence of such cells associated with their reduced metabolism. Furthermore, in vivo metabolome analyses suggested that a high level of circulating glutathione molecules could also promote treatment resistance. From the perspective of metabolomics, we also discuss the controversial use of serum-free in vitro cultures for CSC enrichment prior to further phenotype characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangiacomi Vincent
- Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Urakami
- Cancer Diagnostics Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Maruyama
- Experimental Animal Facility, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kusuhara
- Regional Resources Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, Japan
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Joven JC, Mabilangan LM, Santos-Jesalva PM. Clinical trials with bephenium hydroxy naphthoate in intestinal parasitism. Oncogene 1966; 37:1062-1074. [PMID: 29106390 PMCID: PMC5851116 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycolysis is critical for cancer stem cell reprogramming; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is enriched in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), whereas depletion of PDK1 remarkably diminishes ALDH+ subpopulations, decreases stemness-related transcriptional factor expression, and inhibits sphere-formation ability and tumor growth. Conversely, high levels of PDK1 enhance BCSC properties and are correlated with poor overall survival. In mouse xenograft tumor, PDK1 is accumulated in hypoxic regions and activates glycolysis to promote stem-like traits. Moreover, through screening hypoxia-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PDK1-positive tissue, we find that lncRNA H19 is responsible for glycolysis and BCSC maintenance. Furthermore, H19 knockdown decreases PDK1 expression in hypoxia, and ablation of PDK1 counteracts H19-mediated glycolysis and self-renewal ability in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, H19 and PDK1 expression exhibits strong correlations in primary breast carcinomas. H19 acting as a competitive endogenous RNA sequesters miRNA let-7 to release Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, leading to an increase in PDK1 expression. Lastly, aspirin markedly attenuates glycolysis and cancer stem-like characteristics by suppressing both H19 and PDK1. Thus, these novel findings demonstrate that the glycolysis gatekeeper PDK1 has a critical role in BCSC reprogramming and provides a potential therapeutic strategy for breast malignancy.
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