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Koo S, Lee EJ, Xiong H, Yun DH, McDonald MM, Park SI, Kim JS. Real-Time Live Imaging of Osteoclast Activation via Cathepsin K Activity in Bone Diseases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318459. [PMID: 38105412 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Intravital fluorescence imaging of functional osteoclasts within their intact disease context provides valuable insights into the intricate biology at the microscopic level, facilitating the development of therapeutic approaches for osteoclast-associated bone diseases. However, there is a lack of studies investigating osteoclast activity within deep-seated bone lesions using appropriate fluorescent probes, despite the advantages offered by the multi-photon excitation system in enhancing deep tissue imaging resolution. In this study, we report on the intravital tracking of osteoclast activity in three distinct murine bone disease models. We utilized a cathepsin K (CatK)-responsive two-photon fluorogenic probe (CatKP1), which exhibited a notable fluorescence turn-on response in the presence of active CatK. By utilizing CatKP1, we successfully monitored a significant increase in osteoclast activity in hindlimb long bones and its attenuation through pharmacological intervention without sacrificing mice. Thus, our findings highlight the efficacy of CatKP1 as a valuable tool for unraveling pathological osteoclast behavior and exploring novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, Hyupsung University, Hwaseong, 18330, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Da Hyeon Yun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Skeletal Diseases Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Medicine Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seoul, 02856, Korea
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Zhang W, Chen T, Yang P, Li X, Zhu D, Su Z, Yang X, Jin R, Lan T, Guo H. Total flavonoids of Litchi chinensis Sonn. seed inhibit prostate cancer growth in bone by regulating the bone microenvironment via inactivation of the HGFR/NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117327. [PMID: 37871755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Litchi) seed, a traditional Chinese medicine, is habitually used in the clinical treatment of prostate cancer (PCa)-induced bone pain. In our previous study, flavonoids have been identified as the active ingredient of litchi seed against PCa. However, its anti-tumor activities in bone and associated molecular mechanisms are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of total flavonoids of litchi seed (TFLS) on the growth of PCa in bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of TFLS on the growth of PCa in bone was observed using a mouse model constructed with tibial injection of luciferase-expressing RM1-luc cells. Conditioned medium (CM) from bone marrow stromal cells OP9 and CM treated with TFLS (T-CM) was used to investigate the effect on the proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis of PCa cells (LNCaP, PC3, RM1). An antibody microarray was performed to detect cytokine expression in the supernatant fraction of OP9 cell cultures treated with TFLS or left untreated. Western blot assay was employed to determine the expression and activity of HGFR and its key downstream proteins, Akt, mTOR, NF-κB, and Erk, in PCa cells. The potential target was further verified using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays. RESULTS Treatment with TFLS (80 mg/kg, 24 days) significantly suppressed the growth of RM1 cells in bone. CM from bone marrow stromal cells OP9 stimulated the proliferation and colony formation of the PCa cells as well as inhibited the apoptosis of PC3 cells, while T-CM reversed the effects mediated by OP9 cells in vitro. In an antibody array assay, TFLS regulated the majority of cytokines in OP9 cell culture supernatant, among which HGF, HGFR, IGF-1R, and PDGF-AA showed the greatest fold changes. Mechanistically, CM upregulated HGFR and promoted phosphorylation of NF-κB while T-CM induced reduction of HGFR and dephosphorylation of NF-κB in PC3 cells. Moreover, T-CM inhibited NF-κB entry into PC3 cell nuclei. Data from in vivo experiments further confirmed the inhibitory effects of TFLS on NF-κB. CONCLUSION TFLS suppresses the growth of PCa in bone through regulating bone microenvironment and the underlying mechanism potentially involves attenuation of the HGFR/NF-κB signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 10 Huadong Road, Nanning, 530011, China
| | - Peilin Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Taijin Lan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 179 Mingxiu Dong Road, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation & Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Liang S, Wang J, Ma Z, Yu M, Gong ZP. Macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36649. [PMID: 38115315 PMCID: PMC10727558 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is densely infiltrated by macrophages. Utilizing bibliometric analysis, the characteristics, hotspots for research, and research frontiers related to macrophages in HNSCC were reviewed. METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection database was queried for relevant articles published from 2000 to 2022. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were utilized to evaluate and visualize macrophage-related HNSCC research trends and hotspots. RESULTS Assessment of original articles revealed that the annual number of publications regarding the role of macrophages in HNSCC has increased steadily over the past 23 years. China produced the most articles, whereas the United States had the highest number of citations and highest H-index. Wuhan University and Oral Oncology were the most productive affiliation and journal, respectively. The paper published by Bray et al in the CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians in 2018 had the greatest number of citations. The keywords "expression," "cancer," and "tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)" occurred most frequently. CONCLUSIONS This bibliometric investigation discovered that publications about macrophages in HNSCC are steadily increasing. The majority of studies focused on macrophage polarization, macrophage markers, and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, our bibliometric analysis revealed that the immunosuppressive role of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and resistance to therapy in HNSCC have recently received attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaolei Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng-Peng Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Northcutt LA, Questell AM, Rhoades J, Rafat M. Development of an alginate-Matrigel hydrogel system to evaluate cancer cell behavior in the stiffness range of the bone marrow. FRONTIERS IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 2:1140641. [PMID: 38169992 PMCID: PMC10760992 DOI: 10.3389/fbiom.2023.1140641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is highly prevalent in breast cancer patients with metastatic disease. These metastatic cells may eventually form osteolytic lesions and affect the integrity of the bone, causing pathological fractures and impairing patient quality of life. Although some mechanisms have been determined in the metastatic cascade to the bone, little is known about how the mechanical cues of the bone marrow microenvironment influence tumor cell growth and invasion once they have homed to the secondary site. The mechanical properties within the bone marrow range from 0.5 kPa in the sinusoidal region to 40 kPa in the endosteal region. Here, we report an alginate-Matrigel hydrogel that can be modulated to the stiffness range of the bone marrow and used to evaluate tumor cell behavior. We fabricated alginate-Matrigel hydrogels with varying calcium sulfate (CaSO4) concentrations to tune stiffness, and we demonstrated that these hydrogels recapitulated the mechanical properties observed in the bone marrow microenvironment (0.7-16 kPa). We encapsulated multiple breast cancer cell lines into these hydrogels to assess growth and invasion. Tumor cells in stiffer hydrogels exhibited increased proliferation and enhanced elongation compared to lower stiffness hydrogels, which suggests that stiffer environments in the bone marrow promote cellular invasive capacity. This work establishes a system that replicates bone marrow mechanical properties to elucidate the physical factors that contribute to metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A. Northcutt
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alyssa M. Questell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julie Rhoades
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Lee EJ, Lee KJ, Jung S, Park KH, Park SI. Mobilization of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells is regulated by PTH1R activation in bone marrow stromal cells. Bone Res 2023; 11:22. [PMID: 37085481 PMCID: PMC10121701 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are bone marrow (BM)-derived immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment, but the mechanism of MDSC mobilization from the BM remains unclear. We investigated how BM stromal cell activation by PTH1R contributes to MDSC mobilization. PTH1R activation by parathyroid hormone (PTH) or PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), a tumor-derived counterpart, mobilized monocytic (M-) MDSCs from murine BM without increasing immunosuppressive activity. In vitro cell-binding assays demonstrated that α4β1 integrin and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, expressed on M-MDSCs and osteoblasts, respectively, are key to M-MDSC binding to osteoblasts. Upon PTH1R activation, osteoblasts express VEGF-A and IL6, leading to Src family kinase phosphorylation in M-MDSCs. Src inhibitors suppressed PTHrP-induced MDSC mobilization, and Src activation in M-MDSCs upregulated two proteases, ADAM-17 and MMP7, leading to VCAM1 shedding and subsequent disruption of M-MDSC tethering to osteoblasts. Collectively, our data provide the molecular mechanism of M-MDSC mobilization in the bones of tumor hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungpil Jung
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- The BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Wang L, Han H, Feng Y, Ma J, Han Z, Li R, Zhu W, Li S, Tian J, Zhang L. Capilliposide B inhibits the migration of prostate cancer by inducing autophagy through the ROS/AMPK/mTOR pathway. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36867511 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Capilliposide B (CPS-B), a novel oleanane triterpenoid saponin derived from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl, is a potent anticancer agent. However, its anticancer mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated the potent anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanism of CPS-B both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation techniques suggested that CPS-B modulated autophagy in prostate cancer (PC). Moreover, Western blotting showed that both autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition occurred place after CPS-B treatment in vivo, which was also proven in PC-3 cancer cells. We deduced that CPS-B inhibited migration by inducing autophagy. We examined the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, and in downstream pathways, LKB1 and AMPK were activated while mTOR was inhibited. Transwell experiment results showed that CPS-B inhibited the metastasis of PC-3 cells and that this effect was significantly attenuated after pretreatment with chloroquine, indicating that CPS-B inhibited metastasis via autophagy induction. Altogether, these data suggest that CPS-B is a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment that acts by inhibiting migration through the ROS/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haote Han
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Feng
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouxin Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis on Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Bushen Hugu Decoction in the Treatment of Malignant Tumor Bone Metastases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2055900. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2055900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To explore the active compounds of the Chinese medicine prescriptions of Bushen Hugu Decoction (BHD) and demonstrate its mechanisms against malignant tumor bone metastasis (BM) through network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis.Methods. The main components and targets of BHD were retrieved from the TCMSP database, and the targets were normalized by UniProt. The Herbs-Components-Targets network of BHD was established by Cytoscape. The main BM targets were obtained from GeneCards, TTD, DrugBank, and OMIM. STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct a PPI network and obtain hub genes. DAVID and Metascape were used for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. According to the network topology parameters, the top 4 components were selected for molecular docking verification with the core targets. Results. Compound–target network of BHD mainly contained 51 compounds and 259 corresponding targets including 107 BHD-BM targets. PPI interaction network and subnetworks identified ten hub genes. GO enrichment analysis found 1970 terms (
), and 164 signaling pathways (
) were found in KEGG, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, prostate cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis showed that the active components of BHD, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and aureusidin have good binding activity to the core targets. Conclusion. The potential molecular target and signaling pathways were found for BHD major active components. It provides guidance for the future mechanism research of the BHD in malignant tumor bone metastasis. This study also established the foundation for the new strategy for the pharmacology study of Chinese medicine.
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Luo B, Yuan Y, Zhu Y, Liang S, Dong R, Hou J, Li P, Xing Y, Lu Z, Lo R, Kuang GM. microRNA-145-5p inhibits prostate cancer bone metastatic by modulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988794. [PMID: 36147907 PMCID: PMC9486105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of miRNA-145-5p on the tumor development and progression of prostate cancer (Pca) bone metastasis. Methods Levels of miRNA-145-5p were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR in PC3 (bone metastatic Pca cells), 22RV1 (non-metastatic Pca cells), RWPE-1 (non-cancerous prostate epithelial cells) and Pca tissues collected from patients with and without bone metastases. The impact of miRNA-145-5p on cell proliferation was tested by CCK8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometric cell cycle analysis. Effects on invasion and migration of PC3 cells were determined by Transwell and wound healing assays. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry apoptosis analyses were also performed to assess roles in metastasis. Results Levels of miRNA-145-5p were decreased in Pca bone metastases and miRNA-145-5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. miRNA-145-5p inhibited the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in PC3 cells. miR-145-5p increased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9). It was found that miRNA-145-5p mediated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induced apoptosis. Conclusions miRNA-145-5p negatively regulated the EMT, inhibited Pca bone metastasis and promoted apoptosis in Pca bone metastasis. Mimicry of miRNA-145-5p action raises the possibility of a novel target for treating Pca with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfeng Luo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songwu Liang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Runan Dong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaping Xing
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenquan Lu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Richard Lo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guan-Ming Kuang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Guan-Ming Kuang,
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Karkampouna S, Kruithof-de Julio M, Thalmann GN. Role of prostate and bone stromal cells on prostate cancer progression. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:180-187. [PMID: 35874291 PMCID: PMC9301059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, often manifesting in a metastatic form to the bone. Complex tumour cells and surrounding microenvironment interactions are important determinants of disease progression and therapy resistance. Here, we provide an overview of some of the early studies that recognized the pro-tumourigenic role of prostate stroma, particularly fibroblasts, bone stromal components, and its permissive tumour properties. This article is written in memory of Prof. Dr LWK Chung and his contributions. Prostate and bone metastasis stroma concepts emerging from his work are now more actively being pursued by the authors of this article and others in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Karkampouna
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of BernBern, Switzerland
- Translational Organoid Resource, Department for BioMedical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and InselspitalBern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland
| | - George N Thalmann
- Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, Urology Research Laboratory, University of BernBern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland
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10
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Marie JC, Bonnelye E. Effects of Estrogens on Osteoimmunology: A Role in Bone Metastasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899104. [PMID: 35677054 PMCID: PMC9168268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency indicates a fundamental role of these hormones in skeletal growth and bone remodeling. In the last decades, growing recent evidence demonstrated that estrogens can also affect the immune compartment of the bone. In this review, we summarize the impacts of estrogens on bone immune cells and their consequences on bone homeostasis, metastasis settlement into the bone and tumor progression. We also addressed the role of an orphan nuclear receptor ERRalpha (“Estrogen-receptor Related Receptor alpha”) on macrophages and T lymphocytes, and as an immunomodulator in bone metastases. Hence, this review links estrogens to bone immune cells in osteo-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien C Marie
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Tumor Escape Resistance Immunity Department, INSERM-1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Edith Bonnelye
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR1277-Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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11
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Johnson RW, Rhoades J, Martin TJ. Parathyroid hormone-related protein in breast cancer bone metastasis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:215-230. [PMID: 35953110 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was discovered as the tumor product causing the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Its structural similarity to the hormone, PTH, with 8 of the first 13 amino acids identical, was sufficient to explain the sharing by PTHrP and PTH of a common receptor, PTH1R, although the remainder of the sequences are unique. PTHrP has important roles in development of several organs, including breast and bone, and functions as a paracrine factor postnatally in these and other tissues. In addition to its hormonal role in cancer, PTHrP is produced by two thirds of primary breast cancers and 90% of bone metastases from breast cancer, leading to the concept that its production in bone by breast cancer cells promotes bone resorption, thus favoring tumor establishment and expansion, and an exit from tumor dormancy in bone through downregulation of leukemia inducing factor receptor (LIFR). Cancer production of PTHrP is increased by bone-derived growth factors, with particular attention paid to TGFβ, as well as by promoter-driven transcriptional effects, such as the hedgehog signaling factor, GLI2, and microenvironment effects including changes in underlying stiffness of substrates for cells. Although interest has been focused on PTHrP-induced bone resorption in bone metastasis, a mechanistically separate, protective effect against tumor progression has been proposed. Although there is conflicting mouse data, there are clinical studies suggesting that increased production of PTHrP by breast cancers confers upon them a less invasive phenotype, an effect distinct from the bone resorption-stimulating action that favors bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle W Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julie Rhoades
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - T John Martin
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Kumar N, Saraber P, Ding Z, Kusumbe AP. Diversity of Vascular Niches in Bones and Joints During Homeostasis, Ageing, and Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798211. [PMID: 34975909 PMCID: PMC8718446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bones and joints in the skeletal system are composed of diverse cell types, including vascular niches, bone cells, connective tissue cells and mineral deposits and regulate whole-body homeostasis. The capacity of maintaining strength and generation of blood lineages lies within the skeletal system. Bone harbours blood and immune cells and their progenitors, and vascular cells provide several immune cell type niches. Blood vessels in bone are phenotypically and functionally diverse, with distinct capillary subtypes exhibiting striking changes with age. The bone vasculature has a special impact on osteogenesis and haematopoiesis, and dysregulation of the vasculature is associated with diverse blood and bone diseases. Ageing is associated with perturbed haematopoiesis, loss of osteogenesis, increased adipogenesis and diminished immune response and immune cell production. Endothelial and perivascular cells impact immune cell production and play a crucial role during inflammation. Here, we discuss normal and maladapted vascular niches in bone during development, homeostasis, ageing and bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Further, we discuss the role of vascular niches during bone malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Lee KH, Lee KJ, Kim TY, Hutomo F, Sun HJ, Cheon GJ, Park SI, Cho SW, Im SA. Circulating Osteocalcin-Positive Cells as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1838-1849. [PMID: 32379371 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current diagnosis of bone metastasis (BM) in breast cancer relies on structural changes of bone that occur only in the advanced stage. A sensitive biomarker for detecting early progression of bone metastasis is urgently required. We performed clinical and preclinical studies to investigate diagnostic value of circulating osteocalcin-positive cells (cOC) in breast cancer bone metastasis. Metastatic breast cancer patients (n = 92) with or without bone metastasis (ie, BM+ or BM- ) were enrolled, and cOC were measured at enrollment. Patients were followed up for bone metastasis progression for 18 months. BM+ patients (n = 59) were divided into progressive (PD) or stable disease (SD) groups, based on imaging studies at the end of the 18-month study. The PD group had higher baseline cOC compared with the SD group. Furthermore, higher cOC resulted in reduced BM progression-free survival. Three patients in the BM- group (n = 33) developed new BM during the 18-month study, and these patients had a higher level of baseline cOC compared with the remaining BM- patients. In murine preclinical studies, cOC increased at early time points when micro-metastases were evident only by histology but undetectable by bioluminescence imaging. Also, cOC levels predicted the progression of BM and correlated significantly with BM tumor burden. cOC increased in the early phase of breast cancer BM and can predict BM progression, supporting cOC as a potential novel biomarker. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Febby Hutomo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Nashchekina YA, Alexandrova SA, Nikonov PО, Ivankova EI, Yudin VE, Blinova MI, Mikhailova NA. Study of the Osteoindictive Properties of Protein-Modified Polylactide Scaffolds. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:164-168. [PMID: 31183652 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent and can differentiate into cells of various tissues, which determines their high importance for clinical application. We performed an in vitro study of the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells cultured on intact polylactide scaffolds or scaffolds modified with collagen I or fibrin. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cells formed osteogenic nodules or osteogenic nodules on both intact and fibrin-modified polylactide scaffolds. Spectrophotometric detection of alkaline phosphatase activity on days 7 and 11 showed that mesenchymal stromal cell grown on intact polylactide scaffolds and on scaffolds modified with collagen type I or fibrin more intensively synthesized alkaline phosphatase than in the control (culture plastic). This dependence increases in the presence of osteogenic differentiation factors in the medium. After long-term culturing (4 weeks), the presence of calcium deposits detected by alizarin red staining confirmed the osteoinductive properties of intact and protein-modified polylactide scaffolds. These findings suggest that polylactide scaffolds and collagen I increase the osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Nashchekina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- A. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - S A Alexandrova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P О Nikonov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E I Ivankova
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of High-Molecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V E Yudin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of High-Molecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M I Blinova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N A Mikhailova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Targeting the Hepatocyte Growth Factor and c-Met Signaling Axis in Bone Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020384. [PMID: 30658428 PMCID: PMC6359064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the terminal stage disease of prostate, breast, renal, and lung cancers, and currently no therapeutic approach effectively cures or prevents its progression to bone metastasis. One of the hurdles to the development of new drugs for bone metastasis is the complexity and heterogeneity of the cellular components in the metastatic bone microenvironment. For example, bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and the bone marrow cells of diverse hematopoietic lineages interact with each other via numerous cytokines and receptors. c-Met tyrosine kinase receptor and its sole ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are enriched in the bone microenvironment, and their expression correlates with the progression of bone metastasis. However, no drugs or antibodies targeting the c-Met/HGF signaling axis are currently available in bone metastatic patients. This significant discrepancy should be overcome by further investigation of the roles and regulation of c-Met and HGF in the metastatic bone microenvironment. This review paper summarizes the key findings of c-Met and HGF in the development of novel therapeutic approaches for bone metastasis.
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16
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Park SH, Eber MR, Widner DB, Shiozawa Y. Role of the Bone Microenvironment in the Development of Painful Complications of Skeletal Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050141. [PMID: 29747461 PMCID: PMC5977114 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is the most common and painful complication in patients with bone metastases. It causes a significant reduction in patient quality of life. Available analgesic treatments for CIBP, such as opioids that target the central nervous system, come with severe side effects as well as the risk of abuse and addiction. Therefore, alternative treatments for CIBP are desperately needed. Although the exact mechanisms of CIBP have not been fully elucidated, recent studies using preclinical models have demonstrated the role of the bone marrow microenvironment (e.g., osteoclasts, osteoblasts, macrophages, mast cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and fibroblasts) in CIBP development. Several clinical trials have been performed based on these findings. CIBP is a complex and challenging condition that currently has no standard effective treatments other than opioids. Further studies are clearly warranted to better understand this painful condition and develop more effective and safer targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Matthew R Eber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - D Brooke Widner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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17
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Lee C, Whang YM, Campbell P, Mulcrone PL, Elefteriou F, Cho SW, Park SI. Dual targeting c-met and VEGFR2 in osteoblasts suppresses growth and osteolysis of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:205-213. [PMID: 29174801 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer characteristically induces osteoblastic bone metastasis, for which no therapies are available. A dual kinase inhibitor of c-Met and VEGFR-2 (cabozantinib) was shown to reduce prostate cancer growth in bone, with evidence for suppressing osteoblastic activity. However, c-Met and VEGFR2 signaling in osteoblasts in the context of bone metastasis remain unclear. Here we show using cultured osteoblasts that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and VEGF-A increased receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) and M-CSF, two essential factors for osteoclastogenesis. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) also increased RANKL and M-CSF via c-Met transactivation. The conditioned media from IGF1-, HGF-, or VEGFA-treated osteoblasts promoted osteoclastogenesis that was reversed by inhibiting c-Met and/or VEGFR2 in osteoblasts. In vivo experiments used cabozantinib-resistant prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and C4-2B) to test the effects of c-Met/VEGFR2 inhibition specifically in osteoblasts. Cabozantinib (60 mg/kg, 3 weeks) suppressed tumor growth in bone and reduced expression of RANKL and M-CSF and subsequent tumor-induced osteolysis. Collectively, inhibition of c-Met and VEGFR2 in osteoblasts reduced RANKL and M-CSF expression, and associated with reduction of tumor-induced osteolysis, suggesting that c-Met and VEGFR2 are promising therapeutic targets in bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changki Lee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Preston Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick L Mulcrone
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Departments of Human and Molecular Genetics, and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; The BK21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Jeong HM, Cho SW, Park SI. Osteoblasts Are the Centerpiece of the Metastatic Bone Microenvironment. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:485-492. [PMID: 28029019 PMCID: PMC5195822 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.4.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is comprised of diverse stromal cell populations in addition to tumor cells. Increasing evidence now clearly supports the role of microenvironment stromal cells in tumor progression and metastasis, yet the regulatory mechanisms and interactions among tumor and stromal cells remain to be elucidated. Bone metastasis is the major problem in many types of human malignancies including prostate, breast and lung cancers, and the biological basis of bone metastasis let alone curative approaches are largely undetermined. Among the many types of stromal cells in bone, osteoblasts are shown to be an important player. In this regard, osteoblasts are a key target cell type in the development of bone metastasis, but there are currently no drugs or therapeutic approaches are available that specifically target osteoblasts. This review paper summarizes the current knowledge on osteoblasts in the metastatic tumor microenvironment, aiming to provide clues and directions for future research endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The BK21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Serk In Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The BK21 Plus Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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19
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Abstract
The bone is a common site for metastasis in patients with advanced prostate carcinoma, and provides a 'fertile' milieu which stimulates tumour growth and associated bone disease. For years, the concept of treatment strategies has remained targeting the tumour itself; however, the occurrence of chemoresistance remains a challenge now more than ever. The attraction of targeting the bone microenvironment in order to disrupt tumour localisation and proliferation stems from the idea that stromal cells are superiorly stable at a genetic level, thus decreasing the risk of resistance manifestation. In this review, we will discuss recent findings with regards to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer-induced bone disease and recent therapeutic strategies in an aim to evaluate the ever increasing role of the microenvironment in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Turner
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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20
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Human Bone Xenografts: from Preclinical Testing for Regenerative Medicine to Modeling of Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40610-016-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Bone metastatic disease remains a significant and frequent problem for cancer patients that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, despite decades of research, bone metastases remain incurable. Current studies have demonstrated that many properties and cell types within the bone and bone marrow microenvironment contribute to tumor-induced bone disease. Furthermore, they have pointed to the importance of understanding how tumor cells interact with their microenvironment in order to help improve both the development of new therapeutics and the prediction of response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Buenrostro
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2215B Garland Avenue, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrick L. Mulcrone
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2215B Garland Avenue, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julie A. Sterling
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2215B Garland Avenue, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 2215B Garland Avenue, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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22
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Weber M, Iliopoulos C, Moebius P, Büttner-Herold M, Amann K, Ries J, Preidl R, Neukam FW, Wehrhan F. Prognostic significance of macrophage polarization in early stage oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2015; 52:75-84. [PMID: 26728105 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polarization of tumor infiltrating macrophages is associated with the prognosis of solid malignancies and correlates with the occurrence of lymph node metastases in oral squamous cell carcinomas (oscc). Early stage (T1/T2, N0) oscc are characterized by a good prognosis and can be cured by surgery. The postoperative regime usually contains no adjuvant radio-/chemotherapy. The current pilot study was conducted to elucidate whether macrophage polarization in tumor resection specimens and diagnostic biopsies of early stage oscc is associated with tumor outcome. METHODS Patients with T1/T2, N0, and R0>5mm oscc without adjuvant therapy and 3-year follow-up after tumor resection were retrospectively selected. Tissue microarrays (TMA) containing diagnostic biopsies (n=17) and tumor resection specimens (n=17) were processed for immunohistochemistry in this pilot study to detect CD68-, CD11c-, CD163- and MRC1-positive macrophages. Samples were digitized, and the expression of macrophage markers was quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS High infiltration of M2 polarized macrophages correlated with poor tumor outcome in early stage (T1/T2, N0) oscc. This correlation was observed in tumor resection specimens, but was also observed in diagnostic biopsies. M2 macrophage polarization in biopsies - but not in tumor resection samples - correlated with high scores in tumor grading. CONCLUSION Macrophage polarization in early stage oscc is a potential prognostic marker for tumor outcome. The correlation of M2 polarized macrophages with tumor outcome can already be detected in the initial biopsies. Furthermore, M2 polarization of macrophages in biopsies is associated with an increased dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christos Iliopoulos
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Moebius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raimund Preidl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich W Neukam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Holen I, Nutter F, Wilkinson JM, Evans CA, Avgoustou P, Ottewell PD. Human breast cancer bone metastasis in vitro and in vivo: a novel 3D model system for studies of tumour cell-bone cell interactions. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:689-702. [PMID: 26231669 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone is established as the preferred site of breast cancer metastasis. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for this preference remain unidentified. In order to improve outcome for patients with advanced breast cancer and skeletal involvement, we need to better understand how this process is initiated and regulated. As bone metastasis cannot be easily studied in patients, researchers have to date mainly relied on in vivo xenograft models. A major limitation of these is that they do not contain a human bone microenvironment, increasingly considered to be an important component of metastases. In order to address this shortcoming, we have developed a novel humanised bone model, where 1 × 10(5) luciferase-expressing MDA-MB-231 or T47D human breast tumour cells are seeded on viable human subchaodral bone discs in vitro. These discs contain functional osteoclasts 2-weeks after in vitro culture and positive staining for calcine 1-week after culture demonstrating active bone resorption/formation. In vitro inoculation of MDA-MB-231 or T47D cells colonised human bone cores and remained viable for <4 weeks, however, use of matrigel to enhance adhesion or a moving platform to increase diffusion of nutrients provided no additional advantage. Following colonisation by the tumour cells, bone discs pre-seeded with MDA-MB-231 cells were implanted subcutaneously into NOD SCID mice, and tumour growth monitored using in vivo imaging for up to 6 weeks. Tumour growth progressed in human bone discs in 80 % of the animals mimicking the later stages of human bone metastasis. Immunohistochemical and PCR analysis revealed that growing MDA-MB-231 cells in human bone resulted in these cells acquiring a molecular phenotype previously associated with breast cancer bone metastases. MDA-MB-231 cells grown in human bone discs showed increased expression of IL-1B, HRAS and MMP9 and decreased expression of S100A4, whereas, DKK2 and FN1 were unaltered compared with the same cells grown in mammary fat pads of mice not implanted with human bone discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Holen
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - F Nutter
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - J M Wilkinson
- Department of Human Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - C A Evans
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - P Avgoustou
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Penelope D Ottewell
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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24
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Weber M, Moebius P, Büttner-Herold M, Amann K, Preidl R, Neukam FW, Wehrhan F. Macrophage polarisation changes within the time between diagnostic biopsy and tumour resection in oral squamous cell carcinomas--an immunohistochemical study. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:510-9. [PMID: 26110975 PMCID: PMC4522624 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prognosis of solid malignancies has been shown to depend on immunological parameters, such as macrophage polarisation (M1/M2). Recently, it was reported that preoperative oral surgery leads to a worsening of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) prognosis. Diagnostic incision biopsies are oral surgery procedures that might lead to healing-associated M2 macrophage polarisation with a potential negative influence on tumour biology. No studies have compared macrophage polarisation in OSCC biopsies and tumour specimens. Methods: Preoperative diagnostic incision biopsies (n=25) and tumour resection specimens (n=34) of T1/T2 OSCC were processed for immunohistochemistry to detect CD68-, CD11c-, CD163- and MRC1-positive cells. Samples were digitised using whole-slide imaging, and the expression of macrophage markers was quantitatively analysed. Results: Carcinoma tissues obtained during OSCC tumour resections showed a significantly (P<0.05) increased CD163 cell count (M2 macrophages) compared with tissues obtained during preoperative incision biopsies. Additionally, the CD163/CD68 ratio (an indicator of M2 polarisation) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in tumour resection specimens than in biopsies. Conclusions: This study revealed for the first time an increase in M2 polarisation in samples obtained during OSCC tumour resection surgery compared with preoperative incision biopsies. The biopsy-induced tissue trauma might explain the observed shift in macrophage polarisation towards the tumour-promoting M2 type and could lead to accelerated tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Moebius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Preidl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - F W Neukam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Wehrhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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