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Cadar E, Negreanu-Pirjol T, Pascale C, Sirbu R, Prasacu I, Negreanu-Pirjol BS, Tomescu CL, Ionescu AM. Natural Bio-Compounds from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Beneficial Biological Actions for Anticancer Application: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1907. [PMID: 38001761 PMCID: PMC10669212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) has been known for many centuries in Asian countries under different names, varying depending on the country. The objective of this review is to investigate the scientific research on the natural active bio-compounds in extracts obtained from G. lucidum with significant biological actions in the treatment of cancer. This review presents the classes of bio-compounds existing in G. lucidum that have been reported over time in the main databases and have shown important biological actions in the treatment of cancer. The results highlight the fact that G. lucidum possesses important bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, sterols, proteins, nucleotides, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, which have been demonstrated to exhibit multiple anticancer effects, namely immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, and antioxidant action. The potential health benefits of G. lucidum are systematized based on biological actions. The findings present evidence regarding the lack of certainty about the effects of G. lucidum bio-compounds in treating different forms of cancer, which may be due to the use of different types of Ganoderma formulations, differences in the study populations, or due to drug-disease interactions. In the future, larger clinical trials are needed to clarify the potential benefits of pharmaceutical preparations of G. lucidum, standardized by the known active components in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Cadar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Capitan Aviator Al. Serbanescu Street, No. 6, Campus, Building C, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (E.C.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
| | - Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Capitan Aviator Al. Serbanescu Street, No. 6, Campus, Building C, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (E.C.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street, No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Pascale
- Organizing Institution for Doctoral University Studies of “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Rodica Sirbu
- Organizing Institution for Doctoral University Studies of “Carol Davila”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Irina Prasacu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, Traian Vuia Street, No. 6, Sector 2, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan-Stefan Negreanu-Pirjol
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, Capitan Aviator Al. Serbanescu Street, No. 6, Campus, Building C, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (E.C.); (B.-S.N.-P.)
| | - Cezar Laurentiu Tomescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, University Alley, No. 1, Campus, Building B, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.L.T.); (A.-M.I.)
- “Sf. Ap. Andrei” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Tomis Bvd., No. 145, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, University Alley, No. 1, Campus, Building B, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (C.L.T.); (A.-M.I.)
- Clinical Hospital C F Constanta, 1 Mai Bvd., No. 3–5, 900123 Constanta, Romania
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Yap HYY, Ariffeen Rosli MF, Tan SH, Kong BH, Fung SY. The Wound Healing Potential of Lignosus rhinocerus and Other Ethno-myco Wound Healing Agents. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:1-15. [PMID: 36846625 PMCID: PMC9946334 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2164641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wound care has become increasingly important over the years. Various synthetic products for wound care treatment have been reported to cause toxic side effects and therefore natural products are in significant demand as they have minimal side effects. The presence of bioactive compounds in medicinal mushrooms contributes to various biological activities which assist in the early inflammatory phase, keratinocyte proliferation, and its migration enhancement which are pertinent to wound rehabilitation. Lignosus rhinocerus (tiger milk mushroom) can reduce the inflammation phase in wound healing by fighting off bacterial infection and modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in the early stage to avoid prolonged inflammation and tissue damage. The antibacterial, immunomodulating, and anti-inflammatory activities exhibited by most macrofungi play a key role in enhancing wound healing. Several antibacterial and antifungal compounds sourced from traditional botanicals/products may prevent further complications and reoccurrence of injury to a wounded site. Scientific studies are actively underway to ascertain the potential use of macrofungi as a wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yeng Y. Yap
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Farhan Ariffeen Rosli
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon-Hao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Hong Kong
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Yee Fung
- Medicinal Mushroom Research Group (MMRG), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Asai T, Yoshikawa S, Ikeda Y, Taniguchi K, Sawamura H, Tsuji A, Matsuda S. Encouraging Tactics with Genetically Modified Probiotics to Improve Immunity for the Prevention of Immune-Related Diseases including Cardio-Metabolic Disorders. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010010. [PMID: 36671395 PMCID: PMC9855998 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus, as well as metabolic syndromes, which could also be risk factors for cardio-metabolic disorders. Consistently, it has been shown that beneficial effects may be convoyed by the modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway against the development of these diseases. Importantly, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway can be modulated by probiotics. Probiotics have a variety of beneficial properties, with the potential of treating specific diseases such as immune-related diseases, which are valuable to human health. In addition, an increasing body of work in the literature emphasized the contribution of genetically modified probiotics. There now seems to be a turning point in the research of probiotics. A better understanding of the interactions between microbiota, lifestyle, and host factors such as genetics and/or epigenetics might lead to a novel therapeutic approach with probiotics for these diseases. This study might provide a theoretical reference for the development of genetically modified probiotics in health products and/or in functional foods for the treatment of cardio-metabolic disorders.
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Lin J, Chen H, Bai Y, Li S, Liang G, Fan T, Gao N, Wu X, Li H, Chen G, Gao Y, Fan J. Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins: mushrooming functional FIPs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2367-2380. [PMID: 35348851 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) is a novel functional protein family with specific immunomodulatory activity identified from several macro-fungi. A variety of biological activities of FIPs have been reported, such as anti-allergy, anti-tumor, mitogenic activity, and immunomodulation. Among all known FIPs, the firstly discovered FIP was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, and most FIP members were from Ganoderma genus. Compared with other FIPs, Ganoderma FIPs possess some advantageous bioactivities, like stronger anti-tumor activity. Therein, gene sequences, protein structural features, biofunctions, and recombinant expression of Ganoderma FIPs were summarized and addressed, focusing on elucidating their anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanisms. Combined with current advances, development potential and application of Ganoderma FIPs were also prospected. KEY POINTS: • More than a dozen of reported FIPs are identified from Ganoderma species. • Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins have superior anti-tumor activity with promising prospects and application. • Current review comprehensively addresses characterization, biofunctions, and anti-tumor mechanisms of Ganoderma FIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China.,Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yudong Bai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shoukun Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gengyuan Liang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianning Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ningyuan Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiupeng Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110032, China.,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingxu Gao
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jungang Fan
- Liaoning Province Academy of Forest Sciences, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090728. [PMID: 34575766 PMCID: PMC8466349 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.
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Sharifi-Rad J, Butnariu M, Ezzat SM, Adetunji CO, Imran M, Sobhani SR, Tufail T, Hosseinabadi T, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Martorell M, Maroyi A, Martins N. Mushrooms-Rich Preparations on Wound Healing: From Nutritional to Medicinal Attributes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:567518. [PMID: 33041809 PMCID: PMC7525158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.567518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have a significant role in human diet as functional food and as a nutraceutical resource. The combination of its umami flavor, protein, vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates has meant that mushrooms could be considered a cheap food source for a long time in many countries. Moreover, mushrooms contain an excellent variety of bioactive metabolites that can be successful in both prevention and treatment of various human health hazards. In addition, extracts from medicinal mushrooms and their metabolites have been verified for wound treating with contribution to different mechanisms of the healing process. This review summarizes the nutritional value and composition of mushrooms, ethnobiology and ethnopharmacology, and wound healing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Seyyed Reza Sobhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahereh Hosseinabadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ejike UC, Chan CJ, Okechukwu PN, Lim RLH. New advances and potentials of fungal immunomodulatory proteins for therapeutic purposes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1172-1190. [PMID: 32854547 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1808581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are fascinating small and heat-stable bioactive proteins in a distinct protein family due to similarities in their structures and sequences. They are found in fungi, including the fruiting bodies producing fungi comprised of culinary and medicinal mushrooms. Structurally, most FIPs exist as homodimers; each subunit consisting of an N-terminal α-helix dimerization and a C-terminal fibronectin III domain. Increasing numbers of identified FIPs from either different or same fungal species clearly indicates the growing research interests into its medicinal properties which include immunomodulatory, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, and anticancer. Most FIPs increased IFN-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, potentially exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting overproduction of T helper-2 (Th2) cytokines common in an allergy reaction. Recently, FIP from Ganoderma microsporum (FIP-gmi) was shown to promote neurite outgrowth for potential therapeutic applications in neuro-disorders. This review discussed FIPs' structural and protein characteristics, their recombinant protein production for functional studies, and the recent advances in their development and applications as pharmaceutics and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chong Joo Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yang Y, Yu T, Tang H, Ren Z, Li Q, Jia J, Chen H, Fu J, Ding S, Hao Q, Xu D, Song L, Sun B, Sun F, Pei J. Ganoderma lucidum Immune Modulator Protein rLZ-8 Could Prevent and Reverse Bone Loss in Glucocorticoids-Induced Osteoporosis Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:731. [PMID: 32508652 PMCID: PMC7248554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune modulation has been recognized as an effective anti-osteoporosis strategy since the pivotal role of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling in bone metabolism and remodeling was discovered. To investigate the potential preventive and/or therapeutic effects of immune modulator protein Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8) on osteoporosis, the osteoporosis animal model was established in Wistar rats by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone (DEX), namely glucocorticoids-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rat model. To investigate the potential preventive effect of rLZ-8 on GIOP, we co-treated the rats with DEX and rLZ-8 intraperitoneally during the GIOP modeling stage and analyze the bone mass measured by bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as levels of phosphorus (Pi), calcium (Ca2+) and hydroxyproline (HOP) in femur of GIOP rats. Consistently, all results suggested that rLZ-8 could prevent bone loss in the femurs of GIOP rats. Through analyzing the trabeculae morphology and the trabeculae amount by H&E staining, we found rLZ-8 could also improve the structural deterioration in femurs of GIOP rats. In order to further verify the results and its mechanism obtained from bone analysis, multiple biomarkers, including minerals metabolism (Pi and Ca2+), bone formation markers (osteocalcin, ALP and IGF-1), bone resorption markers (TRACP5b, CTX-1 and HOP), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), oxidative stress indicators (GSH-px, SOD and MDA) and hormone molecules (testosterone, estradiol, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone) have been detected in serum or urine of rats. Results of these biomarkers in serum or urine confirmed rLZ-8’s protective effect in GIOP. Through analyzing the relative expression level of OPG and RANKL in femurs via western blot, we foundrLZ-8 could increase OPG/RANKL ratio which could impede osteoclastogenesis process. To test the potential therapeutic effect of rLZ-8 on successfully generated GIOP rats, we administrated rLZ-8 to rats for three weeks starting from the ending day of 7 weeks treatment of DEX. We found rLZ-8 could also reverse the bone loss in GIOP rats. Through the BWs and organ coefficient analysis, we found rLZ-8 has little toxicity to the rats. Our results suggested that rLZ-8 may be developed into promising anti-osteoporosis drug with both preventive and therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengchen Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liping Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin Pei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhu LF, Chen X, Ahmad Z, Peng Y, Chang MW. A core–shell multi-drug platform to improve gastrointestinal tract microbial health using 3D printing. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025026. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Ling Zhi 8 Protein Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Early Atherogenesis in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3495682. [PMID: 32047809 PMCID: PMC7007749 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3495682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by lipid deposits in the subendothelial space leading to severe inflammation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shares several risk factors with atherosclerosis, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, all of which lead to lipid deposition in the liver causing inflammation and fibrosis. Several clinical trials have shown that certain Chinese herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory effects can be used as adjuvant therapy to prevent the development of cardiovascular events and liver disease. Ling Zhi 8 (LZ8) is an immunomodulatory protein isolated from a medicinal mushroom and has been well documented to possess a broad range of pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing LZ8 protein on NAFLD and atherogenesis in a cholesterol-fed rabbit model. Twelve rabbits were divided into three groups and fed with syrup only, L. lactis vehicle, or recombinant L. lactis-LZ8 once a day on weekdays for five weeks, respectively. The gene expression of IL-1β in the aorta was significantly suppressed after oral administration of L. lactis-LZ8. Moreover, in hematoxylin and eosin staining of the aorta, the intima-medial thickness was decreased, and foam cells were significantly reduced in the subendothelial space. LZ8 also inhibited the expression of IL-1β in the liver, decreased fat droplet deposits and infiltration of inflammatory cells, and improved liver function by decreasing liver enzymes in an animal model. Our results suggest that the Lactococcus-expressing LZ8 appears to be a promising medicine for improving both NAFLD and early atherogenesis owing to its anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, it is available as a low-cost food-grade product.
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Molecular cloning, codon-optimized gene expression, and bioactivity assessment of two novel fungal immunomodulatory proteins from Ganoderma applanatum in Pichia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5483-5494. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Xu F, Li X, Xiao X, Liu LF, Zhang L, Lin PP, Zhang SL, Li QS. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:504-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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13
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Chen SJ, Lin HH, Huang WC, Tsai PJ, Chen WP, Chen DC, Chuang LT. Ling-Zhi-8 protein (LZ-8) suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in murine microglial BV-2 cells. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1346062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Jung Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tao Yuan General Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsing Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Tsai
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Dz-Chi Chen
- Yeastern Biotech, Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Te Chuang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Effects of Active Components of Fuzi and Gancao Compatibility on Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in Chronic Heart Failure Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7686045. [PMID: 28053643 PMCID: PMC5178377 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7686045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypaconitine (HA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are active components of Fuzi (Aconitum carmichaelii) and Gancao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch); they have been used in compatibility for chronic heart failure (CHF) from ancient times. The purpose of the present research was to explore whether apoptosis pathways were related with the protective effects of HA + GA against CHF rats or not. The rats were progressed with transverse-aortic constriction (TAC) operation for 4 weeks to build the CHF state, and then the Digoxin (1 mg/kg), HA (2.07 mg/kg), GA (25 mg/kg), and HA (2.07 mg/kg) + GA (25 mg/kg) were orally administrated to rats for 1 week. The levels of BNP and cTnI in the plasma were decreased in the HA + GA group, and the heart/body weight ratio (H/B) and left ventricular (LV) parameters of transthoracic echocardiography were also declined; moreover, the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 were all improved in the HA + GA group than other groups in the immunohistochemistry and western blot methods. In general, the data suggested that Fuzi and Gancao compatibility could protect the CHF rats from apoptosis, which provided a strong evidence for further searching for mechanisms of them.
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15
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Li S, Dong C, Wen H, Liu X. Development of Ling-zhi industry in China - emanated from the artificial cultivation in the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS). Mycology 2016; 7:74-80. [PMID: 30123618 PMCID: PMC6059055 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2016.1171805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ling-zhi is a medicinal herb that generally refers to a fungus in the genus Ganoderma. It has been used as a medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. Mycologists at the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS) first artificially cultivated the Ling-zhi fruiting body in the late 1960s (X.J. Liu's team). In IMCAS, different research teams have extensively studied Ling-zhi in the aspects of national resource surveys, systematic taxonomy, chemical analysis, and processing for medicinal and health applications. The research results from IMCAS have provided essential support and prompted the development of the Ling-zhi industry in China to some extent. This review aims to summarize the history of research on Ling-zhi in IMCAS and its role in the development of the Ling-zhi economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua'an Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhao ZZ, Chen HP, Li ZH, Dong ZJ, Bai X, Zhou ZY, Feng T, Liu JK. Leucocontextins A-R, lanostane-type triterpenoids from Ganoderma leucocontextum. Fitoterapia 2015; 109:91-8. [PMID: 26687559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen new lanostane-type triterpenoids, namely leucocontextins A-R (1-18) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma leucocontextum. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR data in conjunction with HRESIMS/HREIMS, X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. Compound 18 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against K562 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 of 20-30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ze-Jun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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