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Vaikunth SS, Leonard MB, Whitehead KK, Goldberg DJ, Rychik J, Zemel BS, Avitabile CM. Deficits in the Functional Muscle-Bone Unit in Youths with Fontan Physiology. J Pediatr 2021; 238:202-207. [PMID: 34214589 PMCID: PMC8634795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a clinically available tool, mirrors the magnitude of deficits in trabecular and cortical bone mineral density (BMD) demonstrated on peripheral quantitative computed tomography in youth with Fontan physiology. STUDY DESIGN We aimed to describe DXA-derived BMD at multiple sites and to investigate the relationship between BMD and leg lean mass, a surrogate for skeletal muscle loading. Subjects with Fontan (n = 46; aged 5-20 years) underwent DXA in a cross-sectional study of growth and bone and muscle health as described previously. Data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study were used to calculate age-, sex-, and race-specific BMD z-scores of the whole body, lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, distal one-third radius, ultradistal radius, and leg lean mass z-score (LLMZ). RESULTS Fontan BMD z-scores were significantly lower than reference at all sites-whole body, -0.34 ± 0.85 (P = .01); spine, -0.41 ± 0.96 (P = .008); hip, -0.75 ± 1.1 (P < .001); femoral neck, -0.73 ± 1.0 (P < .001); distal one-third radius, -0.87 ± 1.1 (P < .001); and ultradistal radius. -0.92 ± 1.03 (P < .001)-as was LLMZ (-0.93 ± 1.1; P < .001). Lower LLMZ was associated with lower BMD of the whole body (R2 = 0.40; P < .001), lumbar spine (R2 = 0.16; P = .005), total hip (R2 = 0.32; P < .001), femoral neck (R2 = 0.47; P < .001), and ultradistal radius (R2 = 0.35; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with Fontan have marked deficits in both cortical (hip, distal one-third radius) and trabecular (lumbar spine, femoral neck, ultradistal radius) BMD. Lower LLMZ is associated with lower BMD and may reflect inadequate skeletal muscle loading. Interventions to increase muscle mass may improve bone accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet S. Vaikunth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mary B. Leonard
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kevin K. Whitehead
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J. Goldberg
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack Rychik
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M. Avitabile
- Division of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Morrison JL, Botting KJ, Darby JRT, David AL, Dyson RM, Gatford KL, Gray C, Herrera EA, Hirst JJ, Kim B, Kind KL, Krause BJ, Matthews SG, Palliser HK, Regnault TRH, Richardson BS, Sasaki A, Thompson LP, Berry MJ. Guinea pig models for translation of the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis into the clinic. J Physiol 2018; 596:5535-5569. [PMID: 29633280 PMCID: PMC6265540 DOI: 10.1113/jp274948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 30 years ago Professor David Barker first proposed the theory that events in early life could explain an individual's risk of non-communicable disease in later life: the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. During the 1990s the validity of the DOHaD hypothesis was extensively tested in a number of human populations and the mechanisms underpinning it characterised in a range of experimental animal models. Over the past decade, researchers have sought to use this mechanistic understanding of DOHaD to develop therapeutic interventions during pregnancy and early life to improve adult health. A variety of animal models have been used to develop and evaluate interventions, each with strengths and limitations. It is becoming apparent that effective translational research requires that the animal paradigm selected mirrors the tempo of human fetal growth and development as closely as possible so that the effect of a perinatal insult and/or therapeutic intervention can be fully assessed. The guinea pig is one such animal model that over the past two decades has demonstrated itself to be a very useful platform for these important reproductive studies. This review highlights similarities in the in utero development between humans and guinea pigs, the strengths and limitations of the guinea pig as an experimental model of DOHaD and the guinea pig's potential to enhance clinical therapeutic innovation to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kimberley J. Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anna L. David
- Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rebecca M. Dyson
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Kathryn L. Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Clint Gray
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- Pathophysiology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Jonathan J. Hirst
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bona Kim
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Karen L. Kind
- School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Bernardo J. Krause
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Hannah K. Palliser
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Physiology and PharmacologyWestern University, and Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Bryan S. Richardson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Physiology and PharmacologyWestern University, and Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Aya Sasaki
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Loren P. Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
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Ducsay CA, Goyal R, Pearce WJ, Wilson S, Hu XQ, Zhang L. Gestational Hypoxia and Developmental Plasticity. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1241-1334. [PMID: 29717932 PMCID: PMC6088145 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common and severe challenges to the maintenance of homeostasis. Oxygen sensing is a property of all tissues, and the response to hypoxia is multidimensional involving complicated intracellular networks concerned with the transduction of hypoxia-induced responses. Of all the stresses to which the fetus and newborn infant are subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. Hypoxia during gestation impacts both the mother and fetal development through interactions with an individual's genetic traits acquired over multiple generations by natural selection and changes in gene expression patterns by altering the epigenetic code. Changes in the epigenome determine "genomic plasticity," i.e., the ability of genes to be differentially expressed according to environmental cues. The genomic plasticity defined by epigenomic mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs during development is the mechanistic substrate for phenotypic programming that determines physiological response and risk for healthy or deleterious outcomes. This review explores the impact of gestational hypoxia on maternal health and fetal development, and epigenetic mechanisms of developmental plasticity with emphasis on the uteroplacental circulation, heart development, cerebral circulation, pulmonary development, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and adipose tissue. The complex molecular and epigenetic interactions that may impact an individual's physiology and developmental programming of health and disease later in life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Ducsay
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Ravi Goyal
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - William J. Pearce
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Sean Wilson
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Xiang-Qun Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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Botting KJ, Loke XY, Zhang S, Andersen JB, Nyengaard JR, Morrison JL. IUGR decreases cardiomyocyte endowment and alters cardiac metabolism in a sex- and cause-of-IUGR-specific manner. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R48-R67. [PMID: 29561647 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00180.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the risk of ischemic heart disease in adulthood. Studies in rats suggest cardiac vulnerability is more pronounced in males and in offspring that were exposed to hypoxia in utero. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypotheses that 1) IUGR adolescent males, but not females, have fewer cardiomyocytes and altered expression of cardiometabolic genes compared with controls; and 2) IUGR due to hypoxia has a greater effect on these parameters compared with IUGR due to nutrient restriction. IUGR was induced in guinea pigs by maternal hypoxia (MH; 10% O2, n = 9) or maternal nutrient restriction (MNR; ~30% reduction in food intake, n = 9) in the second half of pregnancy and compared with control ( n = 11). At 120 days of age, postmortem was performed and the left ventricle perfusion fixed for stereological determination of cardiomyocyte number or snap frozen to determine the abundance of cardiometabolic genes and proteins by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. MH reduced the number of cardiomyocytes in female ( P < 0.05), but not male or MNR, adolescent offspring. Furthermore, IUGR males had decreased expression of genes responsible for fatty acid activation in the sarcoplasm ( FACS) and transport into the mitochondria ( AMPK-a2 and ACC; P < 0.05) and females exposed to MH had increased activation/phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase-α ( P < 0.05). We postulate that the changes in cardiomyocyte endowment and cardiac gene expression observed in the present study are a direct result of in utero programming, as offspring at this age did not suffer from obesity, hypertension, or left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Botting
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - X Y Loke
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - S Zhang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - J B Andersen
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - J R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - J L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Science, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
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Anevska K, Cheong JN, Wark JD, Wlodek ME, Romano T. Maternal stress does not exacerbate long-term bone deficits in female rats born growth restricted, with differential effects on offspring bone health. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R161-R170. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00215.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Females born growth restricted have poor adult bone health. Stress exposure during pregnancy increases risk of pregnancy complications. We determined whether maternal stress exposure in growth-restricted females exacerbates long-term maternal and offspring bone phenotypes. On gestational day 18, bilateral uterine vessel ligation (restricted) or sham (control) surgery was performed on Wistar-Kyoto rats. At 4 mo, control and restricted females were mated and allocated to unstressed or stressed pregnancies. Stressed pregnancies had physiological measurements performed; unstressed females were not handled. After birth, mothers were aged to 13 mo. Second-generation (F2) offspring generated four experimental groups: control unstressed, restricted unstressed, control stressed and restricted stressed. F2 offspring were studied at postnatal day 35 (PN35), 6, 12, and 16 mo. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed on maternal and F2 offspring femurs. Restricted females, irrespective of stress during pregnancy, had decreased endosteal circumference, bending strength, and increased osteocalcin concentrations after pregnancy at 13 mo. F2 offspring of stressed mothers were born lighter. F2 male offspring from stressed pregnancies had decreased trabecular content at 6 mo and decreased endosteal circumference at 16 mo. F2 female offspring from growth-restricted mothers had reduced cortical thickness at PN35 and reduced endosteal circumference at 6 mo. At 12 mo, females from unstressed restricted and stressed control mothers had decreased trabecular content. Low birth weight females had long-term bone changes, highlighting programming effects on bone health. Stress during pregnancy did not exacerbate these programmed effects. Male and female offspring responded differently to maternal growth restriction and stress, indicating gender-specific programming effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Anevska
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jean N. Cheong
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John D. Wark
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne and Bone and Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mary E. Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tania Romano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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Li X, Yang J, Liu D, Li J, Niu K, Feng S, Yokota H, Zhang P. Knee loading inhibits osteoclast lineage in a mouse model of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24668. [PMID: 27087498 PMCID: PMC4834538 DOI: 10.1038/srep24668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disorder that involves cartilage degradation and periarticular bone response. Changes of cartilage and subchondral bone are associated with development and activity of osteoclasts from subchondral bone. Knee loading promotes bone formation, but its effects on OA have not been well investigated. Here, we hypothesized that knee loading regulates subchondral bone remodeling by suppressing osteoclast development, and prevents degradation of cartilage through crosstalk of bone-cartilage in osteoarthritic mice. Surgery-induced mouse model of OA was used. Two weeks application of daily dynamic knee loading significantly reduced OARSI scores and CC/TAC (calcified cartilage to total articular cartilage), but increased SBP (subchondral bone plate) and B.Ar/T.Ar (trabecular bone area to total tissue area). Bone resorption of osteoclasts from subchondral bone and the differentiation of osteoclasts from bone marrow-derived cells were completely suppressed by knee loading. The osteoclast activity was positively correlated with OARSI scores and negatively correlated with SBP and B.Ar/T.Ar. Furthermore, knee loading exerted protective effects by suppressing osteoclastogenesis through Wnt signaling. Overall, osteoclast lineage is the hyper responsiveness of knee loading in osteoarthritic mice. Mechanical stimulation prevents OA-induced cartilage degeneration through crosstalk with subchondral bone. Knee loading might be a new potential therapy for osteoarthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300457, China
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Liu D, Li X, Li J, Yang J, Yokota H, Zhang P. Knee loading protects against osteonecrosis of the femoral head by enhancing vessel remodeling and bone healing. Bone 2015; 81:620-631. [PMID: 26416150 PMCID: PMC4641018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a serious orthopedic problem. Moderate loads with knee loading promote bone formation, but their effects on osteonecrosis have not been investigated. Using a rat model, we examined a hypothesis that knee loading enhances vessel remodeling and bone healing through the modulation of the fate of bone marrow-derived cells. In this study, osteonecrosis was induced by transecting the ligamentum teres followed by a tight ligature around the femoral neck. For knee loading, 5 N loads were laterally applied to the knee at 15 Hz for 5 min/day for 5 weeks. Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the femur were measured by pDEXA, and ink infusion was performed to evaluate vessel remodeling. Femoral heads were harvested for histomorphometry, and bone marrow-derived cells were isolated to examine osteoclast development and osteoblast differentiation. The results showed that osteonecrosis significantly induced bone loss, and knee loading stimulated both vessel remodeling and bone healing. The osteonecrosis group exhibited the lowest trabecular BV/TV (p b 0.001) in the femoral head, and lowest femoral BMD and BMC (both p b 0.01). However, knee loading increased trabecular BV/TV (p b 0.05) as well as BMD (pb 0.05) and BMC (p b 0.01). Osteonecrosis decreased the vessel volume (pb 0.001), vessel number (pb 0.001) and VEGF expression (p b 0.01), and knee loading increased them (pb 0.001, pb 0.001 and p b 0.01). Osteonecrosis activated osteoclast development, and knee loading reduced its formation, migration, adhesion and the level of “pit” formation (pb 0.001, pb 0.01, pb 0.001 and pb 0.001). Furthermore, knee loading significantly increased osteoblast differentiation and CFU-F (both p b 0.001). A significantly positive correlation was observed between vessel remodeling and bone healing (both p b 0.01). These results indicate that knee loading could be effective in repair osteonecrosis of the femoral head in a rat model. This effect might be attributed to promoting vessel remodeling, suppressing osteoclast development, and increasing osteoblast and fibroblast differentiation. In summary, the current study suggests that knee loading might potentially be employed as a non-invasive therapy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Xinle Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Avitabile CM, Goldberg DJ, Zemel BS, Brodsky JL, Dodds K, Hayden-Rush C, Whitehead KK, Goldmuntz E, Rychik J, Leonard MB. Deficits in bone density and structure in children and young adults following Fontan palliation. Bone 2015; 77:12-6. [PMID: 25882907 PMCID: PMC4447577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival of patients with congenital heart disease has improved such that there are now more adults than children living with these conditions. Complex single ventricle congenital heart disease requiring Fontan palliation is associated with multiple risk factors for impaired bone accrual. Bone density and structure have not been characterized in these patients. METHODS Tibia peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was used to assess trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), cortical dimensions, and calf muscle area in 43 Fontan participants (5-33 years old), a median of 10 years following Fontan palliation. pQCT outcomes were converted to sex- and race-specific Z-scores relative to age based on >700 healthy reference participants. Cortical dimensions and muscle area were further adjusted for tibia length. RESULTS Height Z-scores were lower in Fontan compared to reference participants (mean ± SD: -0.29 ± 1.00 vs. 0.25 ± 0.93, p < 0.001); BMI Z-scores were similar (0.16 ± 0.88 vs. 0.35 ± 1.02, p = 0.1). Fontan participants had lower trabecular vBMD Z-scores (-0.85 ± 0.96 vs. 0.01 ± 1.02, p < 0.001); cortical vBMD Z-scores were similar (-0.17 ± 0.98 vs. 0.00 ± 1.00, p = 0.27). Cortical dimensions were reduced with lower cortical area (-0.59 ± 0.84 vs. 0.00 ± 0.88, p<0.001) and periosteal circumference (-0.50 ± 0.82 vs. 0.00 ± 0.84, p < 0.001) Z-scores, compared to reference participants. Calf muscle area Z-scores were lower in the Fontan participants (-0.45 ± 0.98 vs. 0.00 ± 0.96, p = 0.003) and lower calf muscle area Z-scores were associated with smaller periosteal circumference Z-scores (R = 0.62, p < 0.001). Musculoskeletal deficits were not associated with age, Fontan characteristics, parathyroid hormone or vitamin D levels. CONCLUSIONS Children and young adults demonstrate low trabecular vBMD, cortical structure and muscle area following Fontan. Muscle deficits were associated with smaller periosteal dimensions. Future studies should determine the fracture implications of these deficits and identify interventions to promote musculoskeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Avitabile
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - David J Goldberg
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jill L Brodsky
- Mid-Hudson Medical Group, 30 Columbia Street, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, USA
| | - Kathryn Dodds
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christina Hayden-Rush
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin K Whitehead
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jack Rychik
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary B Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34(th) and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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