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Amin MAS, Sonpol HMA, Gouda RHE, Aboregela AM. Bisphenol A enhances apoptosis, fibrosis, and biochemical fluctuations in the liver of adult male rats with possible regression after recovery. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:213-225. [PMID: 35773941 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant that might be harmful. Human exposure to BPA can occur during the fetal and postnatal periods and extends throughout life. This study aimed to estimate the effects of oral administration of BPA on rat liver and assess the possibility of recovery after cessation. Adult male albino rats were orally administered with BPA (50 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks, and then one group was left to recover for 4 weeks. Histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assessments were performed. Loss of hepatic architecture, vascular dilatation congestion, and exudation, as well as cellular vacuolation, fat accumulation, and pyknotic nuclei were detected. Furthermore, inflammatory infiltration, localized metaplasia, and excessive collagen deposition in the portal triad were observed. Expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and transforming growth factor beta 1 was prominent, denoting apoptosis and fibrosis. After the administration of BPA, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins were enhanced. Additionally, total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoproteins decreased. After a recovery for 4 weeks, hepatic cellular and vascular pathologies returned to normal, except for some inflammatory infiltration. Regarding biochemical affection, most of the parameters were directed toward normal during recovery. However, most of them were still significantly different from controls. This explored BPA hepatotoxicity from structural and functional aspects, and the possible spontaneous reversibility was confirmed. However, the precise mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity or recovery need more in-depth investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hany M A Sonpol
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Hassan Elbanna Gouda
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, Zagazig Scientific and Medical Research Center, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adel Mohamed Aboregela
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Zhu R, Xu X, Ying J, Cao G, Wu X. The Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg in China: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:550497. [PMID: 33101019 PMCID: PMC7546407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.550497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg (TDG), the family member of Vitaceae, is a traditional herbal medicine in China. The root of TDG can be immediately used after cleaning the muddy soil, and can be dehydrated for dry use. TDG is able to be collected all year round, which is commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis, infantile high fever, snake bite, etc. Based on phytochemistry, the chemical components of TDG are divided into flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, steroids, polysaccharide, and other compounds, showing many pharmacological effects which include anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and immunomodulatory activity, as well as other activities. Currently, TDG involves some problems of the reduction of wild resources, the backward processing methods, and storage difficulties as well as the imperfection of detection methods. Therefore, this review summarizes the literature of the past 20 years, and the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent researches on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and clinical application of TDG. The above discussions provide new insights for the future research on TDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Phenolic Compounds from Water-Ethanol Extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera Produced in Cameroon, as Potential Protectors against In Vivo CCl 4-Induced Liver Injuries. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:5236851. [PMID: 30940993 PMCID: PMC6421029 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5236851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver diseases are a global health problem. Medicinal plants are being increasingly used to manage a wide variety of diseases including liver disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective activity of polyphenolic extract from the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera (T. tetraptera). Results The extract of T. tetraptera was administered at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for 07 per os to rats before the induction of hepatotoxicity with of 2 ml/kg of 1:1 (v/v) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and olive oil through intraperitoneal route. The in vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of T. tetraptera were conducted by the FRAP method, the phosphomolybdate method, and the inhibition potential of DPPH, ABTS, OH, and NO radicals. The extraction yield of T. tetraptera was 19.35%. This extract contains polyphenols (273.48 mg CAE/g DM), flavonoids (5.2549 mg SE/g DM), and flavonols (1.615 mg SE/g DM). This extract showed in vitro antioxidant activity, an inhibitor power of various free radicals, and radical scavenging potential dose-dependent. The fifty-percent inhibitory concentration of the extract (IC50) for the studied radical varied from 28.16 to 136 μg/L. In rats treated with the extract of T. tetraptera, in a dose-dependent manner, the levels of hepatotoxicity markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased while the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the level of reduced glutathione (GHS) significantly increased compared to the control group. Conclusions The extracts from the fruit of T. tetraptera demonstrate antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effects.
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Xu Y, Zhong PP, Tao YY. Metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids: a novel method to assess hepatoprotective effect of Tanreqing capsule on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:271-283. [PMID: 29703327 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tanreqing (TRQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, can alleviate liver injury and improve liver function. Its pharmacological mechanisms of actions are still unclear due to its complex components and multi-target natures. Metabolomic study is an effective approach to investigating drug pharmacological actions, new diagnostic markers, and potential mechanisms of actions. In the present study, a new strategy was used to evaluate the protective effect of TRQ capsule against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, by analyzing metabolic profiling of endogenous bile acids (BAs) along with biochemical and histological analyses. BAs concentrations were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were then employed to analyze the UPLC-MS results and compare the hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule in different groups at the doses of 0.36, 1.44, and 2.88 g·kg-1 body weight, respectively. Moreover, our results suggested that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurohyodesoxycholic acid (THDCA) were the most important biochemical markers, which were indicative of CCl4-induced acute hepatic damage and hepatoprotective effect of TRQ capsule. Therefore, this new strategy would be an excellent alternative method for evaluating hepatoprotective effect and proposing potential mechanisms of action for other drugs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201401, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan-Yan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Clinical Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Mohamed WR, Mehany ABM, Hussein RM. Alpha lipoic acid protects against chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in Wistar rats via modulating the apoptotic pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 59:17-23. [PMID: 29500983 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) pesticide induces several human disorders including hepatotoxicity. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural antioxidant compound found in plants and animals. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of ALA against CPF-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible underlying molecular mechanism. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into: Normal rats received only vehicle; ALA group received ALA (10 mg/kg, i.p.); CPF group received CPF (18 mg/kg, s.c.) and CPF-ALA group received CPF (18 mg/kg, s.c.) once daily for 14 days. The present results demonstrated that administration of ALA significantly improved liver functions (p < 0.05) and limited the histopathological lesions induced by CPF in liver tissues. Furthermore, ALA decreased hepatic malondialdehyde contents while increased the glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and acetylcholinesterase activities. Interestingly, ALA showed significant antiapoptotic effects through downregulation of Bax and Caspase-3 expression levels. In conclusion, ALA possess protective effects against CPF-induced liver injury through attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Gan RY, Li HB. Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Chemical-Induced Liver Injuries. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:472-495. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The Univ. of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology; Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ.; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Dept. of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510080 China
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center; Sun Yat-sen Univ.; Guangzhou 510006 China
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Jia HM, Yu M, Ma LY, Zhang HW, Zou ZM. Chaihu-Shu-Gan-San regulates phospholipids and bile acid metabolism against hepatic injury induced by chronic unpredictable stress in rat. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1064:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hamid M, Liu D, Abdulrahim Y, Khan A, Qian G, Huang K. Inactivation of Kupffer Cells by Selenizing Astragalus Polysaccharides Prevents CCl 4-Induced Hepatocellular Necrosis in the Male Wistar Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:226-236. [PMID: 28243851 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Selenizing astragalus polysaccharides-3 (sAPS3) was prepared by nitric acid-sodium selenite method. The effects of sAPS3 on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatocellular necrosis, and its underlying mechanisms were studied in male Wistar rats. Hepatic damage was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 twice a week, for 3 weeks. Meanwhile, the rats in addition to CCl4 were also exposed to sodium selenite (SS), astragalus polysaccharides (APS), SS + APS or sAPS3, in parallel by oral gavage once a day for 3 weeks. At the end of 3 weeks, blood and liver tissue were taken. Serum was collected to test the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and antioxidant status parameters. Liver tissue was collected for histopathological examination and determination of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of CD68, TNF-α, IL-1β and ATG7 followed by the measurements of CD68, IL-1β and LC3II by immunohistochemistry assay (IHC), or TNF-α by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The results showed that sAPS3 effectively ameliorated CCl4 induced hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation and significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, malondialdehyde and the expression levels of Kupffer cells (KCs)-specific biomarker CD68 and proinflammatory cytokines produced by activated KCs such as IL-1β and TNF-α (P < 0.01). While increasing the levels of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and reduced the expression levels of a key regulator of autophagy in KCs ATG7 or LC3II (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that sAPS3 could ameliorate CCl4-induced hepatocellular necrosis by inactivation of Kupffer cells and its activity may be superior to the application of selenium, APS or combination of selenium with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hamid
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yassin Abdulrahim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Alamzeb Khan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gang Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowl, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Lee GH, Lee HY, Choi MK, Chung HW, Kim SW, Chae HJ. Protective effect of Curcuma longa L. extract on CCl 4-induced acute hepatic stress. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:77. [PMID: 28143589 PMCID: PMC5286822 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Curcuma longa L. (CLL) rhizome has long been used to treat patients with hepatic dysfunction. CLL is a member of the ginger family of spices that are widely used in China, India, and Japan, and is a common spice, coloring, flavoring, and traditional medicine. This study was performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of CLL extract and its active component curcumin in an acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver stress model. METHODS Acute hepatic stress was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (0.1 ml/kg body weight) in rats. CLL extract was administered once a day for 3 days at three dose levels (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg/day) and curcumin was administered once a day at the 200 mg/kg/day. We performed alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). activity analysis and also measured total lipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, and lipid peroxidation. RESULTS At 100 g CLL, the curcuminoid components curcumin (901.63 ± 5.37 mg/100 g), bis-demethoxycurcumin (108.28 ± 2.89 mg/100 g), and demethoxycurcumin (234.85 ± 1.85 mg/100 g) were quantified through high liquid chromatography analysis. In CCl4-treated rats, serum AST and ALT levels increased 2.1- and 1.2-fold compared with the control. AST but not ALT elevation induced by CCl4 was significantly alleviated in CLL- and curcumin-treated rats. Peroxidation of membrane lipids in the liver was significantly prevented by CLL (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg/day) on tissue lipid peroxidation assay and immunostaining with anti-4HNE antibody. We found that CLL extract and curcumin exhibited significant protection against liver injury by improving hepatic superoxide dismutase (p < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione content in the CCl4-treated group (p < 0.05), leading to a reduced lipid peroxidase level. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that CLL extract and curcumin protect the liver from acute CCl4-induced injury in a rodent model by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress. Therefore, CLL extract and curcumin are potential therapeutic antioxidant agents against acute hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 561-180 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 561-180 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 561-180 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Wool Chung
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 561-180 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Kim
- CS1 Center, Ottogi Research Center, Ottogi Corporation, Kyeonggi-do, 14060 Republic of Korea
- Chemical Genomics National Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 561-180 Republic of Korea
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Sun Y, Tsao R, Chen F, Li H, Peng H, Jiang L, Chen Y, Deng Z. The phenolic profiles of Radix Tetrastigma after solid phase extraction (SPE) and their antitumor effects and antioxidant activities in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:4014-4027. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00769h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photographic illustrations of phenolic profiles, antitumor effects and antioxidant activities of Radix Tetrastigma after solid phase extraction (SPE) in H22 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
- Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada
- Guelph
- Canada
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Han Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang 330004
- China
| | - Yuhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Guelph Food Research and Development Centre
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
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Jia HM, Li Q, Zhou C, Yu M, Yang Y, Zhang HW, Ding G, Shang H, Zou ZM. Chronic unpredictive mild stress leads to altered hepatic metabolic profile and gene expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23441. [PMID: 27006086 PMCID: PMC4804211 DOI: 10.1038/srep23441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complex disease characterized by a series of pathological changes. Research on depression is mainly focused on the changes in brain, but not on liver. Therefore, we initially explored the metabolic profiles of hepatic extracts from rats treated with chronic unpredictive mild stress (CUMS) by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Using multivariate statistical analysis, a total of 26 altered metabolites distinguishing CUMS-induced depression from normal control were identified. Using two-stage receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, 18 metabolites were recognized as potential biomarkers related to CUMS-induced depression via 12 metabolic pathways. Subsequently, we detected the mRNA expressions levels of apoptosis-associated genes such as Bax and Bcl-2 and four key enzymes including Pla2g15, Pnpla6, Baat and Gad1 involved in phospholipid and primary bile acid biosynthesis in liver tissues of CUMS rats by real-time qRT-PCR assay. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Pla2g15, Pnpla6 and Gad1 mRNA were 1.43,1.68, 1.74, 1.67 and 1.42-fold higher, and those of Baat, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio mRNA were 0.83, 0.85-fold lower in CUMS rats compared with normal control. Results of liver-targeted metabonomics and mRNA expression demonstrated that CUMS-induced depression leads to variations in hepatic metabolic profile and gene expression, and ultimately results in liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong-Wu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Preclinical Models for Investigation of Herbal Medicines in Liver Diseases: Update and Perspective. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4750163. [PMID: 26941826 PMCID: PMC4749812 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4750163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease results from a dynamic pathological process associated with cellular and genetic alterations, which may progress stepwise to liver dysfunction. Commonly, liver disease begins with hepatocyte injury, followed by persistent episodes of cellular regeneration, inflammation, and hepatocyte death that may ultimately lead to nonreversible liver failure. For centuries, herbal remedies have been used for a variety of liver diseases and recent studies have identified the active compounds that may interact with liver disease-associated targets. Further study on the herbal remedies may lead to the formulation of next generation medicines with hepatoprotective, antifibrotic, and anticancer properties. Still, the pharmacological actions of vast majority of herbal remedies remain unknown; thus, extensive preclinical studies are important. In this review, we summarize progress made over the last five years of the most commonly used preclinical models of liver diseases that are used to screen for curative herbal medicines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and liver. We also summarize the proposed mechanisms associated with the observed liver-protective, antifibrotic, and anticancer actions of several promising herbal medicines and discuss the challenges faced in this research field.
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