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Wu Z, Deng W, Ye Y, Xu J, Han D, Zheng Y, Zheng Q. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, inhibits bone loss in an animal model of osteoporosis with or without diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1378291. [PMID: 38868747 PMCID: PMC11167098 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1378291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liraglutide (Lrg), a novel anti-diabetic drug that mimics the endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 to potentiate insulin secretion, is observed to be capable of partially reversing osteopenia. The aim of the present study is to further investigate the efficacy and potential anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of Lrg for improving bone pathology, bone- related parameters under imageology, and serum bone metabolism indexes in an animal model of osteoporosis with or without diabetes. Methods Eight databases were searched from their inception dates to April 27, 2024. The risk of bias and data on outcome measures were analyzed by the CAMARADES 10-item checklist and Rev-Man 5.3 software separately. Results Seventeen eligible studies were ultimately included in this review. The number of criteria met in each study varied from 4/10 to 8/10 with an average of 5.47. The aspects of blinded induction of the model, blinding assessment of outcome and sample size calculation need to be strengthened with emphasis. The pre-clinical evidence reveals that Lrg is capable of partially improving bone related parameters under imageology, bone pathology, and bone maximum load, increasing serum osteocalcin, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and reducing serum c-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (P<0.05). Lrg reverses osteopenia likely by activating osteoblast proliferation through promoting the Wnt signal pathway, p-AMPK/PGC1α signal pathway, and inhibiting the activation of osteoclasts by inhibiting the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-autophagic pathways. Furthermore, the present study recommends that more reasonable usage methods of streptozotocin, including dosage and injection methods, as well as other types of osteoporosis models, be attempted in future studies. Discussion Based on the results, this finding may help to improve the priority of Lrg in the treatment of diabetes patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiming Ye
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Deyu Han
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Althagafy HS, Sharawi ZW, Batawi AH, Almohaimeed HM, Al-Thubiani WS, Hassanein EHM, Rateb A. Buspirone attenuated methotrexate-induced hippocampal toxicity in rats by regulating Nrf2/HO-1, PPAR-γ, NF-κB/nNOS, and ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23414. [PMID: 37341015 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat a variety of tumors. Nonetheless, MTX-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity is a well-defined dose-limiting adverse effect that limits clinical utility. Proinflammatory cytokine production and oxidative stress are possible mechanisms for MTX-induced neurotoxicity. Buspirone (BSP), a partial agonist of the 5-HT1a receptor (5-HT1aR), has emerged as an anxiolytic drug. BSP has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The current study investigated BSP's potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in attenuating MTX-induced hippocampal toxicity. Rats received either BSP (1.5 mg/kg) orally for 10 days and MTX (20 mg/kg) i.p. on Day 5. BSP administration markedly protected hippocampal neurons from drastic degenerated neuronal changes induced by MTX. BSP significantly attenuated oxidative injury by downregulating Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 expression while potently elevating hippocampal Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor expression. BSP dampened inflammation by reducing NO2 - , tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and interleukin 1 beta levels mediated by downregulating NF-κB and neuronal nitric oxides synthase expression. Moreover, BSP potently counteracted hippocampal pyroptosis by downregulating NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved-caspase-1 proteins. Therefore, BSP may represent a promising approach to attenuate neurotoxicity in patients receiving MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeina W Sharawi
- Department Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwaq H Batawi
- Department Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hailah M Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Al-Thubiani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rateb
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Basic Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arbia
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Nigericin Abrogates Maternal and Embryonic Oxidative Stress in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Pregnant Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:801-815. [PMID: 36190644 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemic exposure in diabetic pregnancy can lead to many developmental changes, such as delayed development, fetal malformations, and fetal/embryo death. These detrimental complications are collectively known as diabetic embryopathy or teratogenesis. The current study focuses to discover the therapeutic properties of the nigericin against the STZ-stimulated diabetic embryopathy via alleviation of maternal and embryonic oxidative stress. The male and female rats at a 1:1 ratio were permitted to mate overnight to establish the course of pregnancy. The pregnant rats were distributed into four groups control, diabetic pregnant (via administering 40 mg/kg of STZ), and diabetic + 10 and 20 mg/kg of nigericin-administered (via oral gavage from days 5 to 12) groups, respectively. The glucose level, urine output, diet intake, and body weight were determined carefully. The embryo and placenta weight and implantation rates were examined, and data were tabulated. The total protein and lipid profiles were assessed using respective kits. The oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes were examined using respective assay kits. The 10 and 20 mg/kg of nigericin treatment decreased the glucose level and urine output and improved the diet intake and body weight gain in diabetic pregnant rats. The nigericin also decreased the total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and improved the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the serum of pregnant rats. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protein carbonyls were decreased by the nigericin in both liver and embryos of the pregnant rats. The levels of glutathione (GSH), total thiols, and activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were improved by the nigericin in the diabetic pregnant rats. Altogether, these results provide evidence that nigericin treatment remarkably attenuates the diabetes-stimulated embryopathy in rats. The nigericin effectively decreased embryo lethality, reduced glucose and dyslipidemia, and relieves oxidative stress via upregulating the antioxidant enzyme activities. Hence, it can be a talented therapeutic agent to treat diabetic pregnancy-associated complications.
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Beneficial effects of buspirone in endothelin-1 induced stroke cachexia in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-022-04653-4. [PMID: 36609633 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Stroke cachexia is associated with prolonged inflammation, muscle loss, poor prognosis, and early death of stroke patients. No particular treatment is available to cure the symptoms or disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 5-HT1a agonist, buspirone on stroke cachexia. Wistar rats were injected with endothelin-1 to the bregma region of the brain to induce ischemic stroke followed by induction of cachexia after 4 days. Treatment with buspirone (3 mg/kg p.o) was given for 4 weeks after confirmation of cachexia in animals. Disease control animals exhibited decrease in wire hanging time and increase in foot fault numbers compared to normal animals. Disease control animals also showed weight loss, decrease in food intake, increased serum glucose and lipid profile along with high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines-TNF-α, IL-6 and decrease in weight of skeletal muscle and adipose tissues. Treatment with buspirone improves behavioural parameters along with increases food intake and body weight, decreased inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and serum glucose levels with increase in lipid profile. Buspirone also increased the weight of adipose tissue and maintain the skeletal muscle architecture and function as depicted in histopathological studies. Our study suggests that buspirone produces beneficial role in stroke cachexia by increasing body weight, food intake and adipose tissue depots by activating on 5-HT receptors. Buspirone decreases inflammatory markers in stroke cachexia although mechanism behind it was not fully understood. Buspirone decreases circulating blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via 5-HT receptors and maintained lipid profile. Buspirone was found to be effective in ameliorating cachectic conditions in stroke.
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Bora VR, Gohel D, Singh R, Patel BM. Evaluation of selected antidiabetics in cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:807-820. [PMID: 36098898 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
So far, the cardio-protective potential of antidiabetics is proved, but their effect on cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia is not explored until now. Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance along with systemic inflammation are prominent in cachexia but the potential effect of antidiabetic agents especially those belonging to biguanide, DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 on the heart are not studied till now. In present study, the effect of metformin, vildagliptin, teneligliptin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin on cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia by using B16F1 induced metastatic cancer cachexia and urethane-induced cancer cachexia was studied. These antidiabetic agents proved to be beneficial against cachexia-induced atrophy of the heart, preserved ventricular weights, maintained cardiac hypertrophic index, preserved the wasting of cardiac muscles assessed by HE staining, Masson trichrome staining, periodic acid Schiff staining and picro-Sirius red staining. Altered cardiac gene expression was attenuated after treatment with selected antidiabetics, thus preventing cardiac atrophy. Also, antidiabetic agents treatment improved the serum creatinine kinase MB, Sodium potassium ATPase and collagen in the heart. Reduction in blood pressure and heart rate was observed after treatment with antidiabetic agents. Results of our study show that the selected antidiabetics prove to be beneficial in attenuating the cardiac atrophy and helps in regulation of hemodynamic stauts in cancer cachexia-induced cardiovascular complications. Our study provides some direction towards use of selected antidiabetic agents in the management of cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia and the study outcomes can be useful in desiging clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek R Bora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej- Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Dhruv Gohel
- Department of Biochemistry, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej- Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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Di S, An X, Pang B, Wang T, Wu H, Wang J, Li M. Yiqi Tongluo Fang could preventive and delayed development and formation of diabetic retinopathy through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112254. [PMID: 35183405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yiqi Tongluo Fang (YQTLF) is an effective prescription for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), but its mechanism of action remains unclear. METHOD The content of YQTLF was determined using liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively). Twenty-five Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly selected as the normal control group. One hundred SD streptozotocin-induced diabetes (type 1) rats were randomly divided into diabetic control, diabetic+insulin+ calcium dobesilate (CaD), and diabetic+insulin+ YQTLF groups, with 25 rats in each group. Bodyweight level was measured every 2 weeks. After 12 weeks of gavage, the glucose levels, lipids, oxidative stress, inflammation, retinal histopathology, and the blood-retinal barrier were assessed in each group. The p38 MAPK pathway was changed to explore its internal mechanism. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and different statistical methods were used according to a normal distribution, square error, or not. RESULTS A total of 1024 valid peaks were identified in YQTLF using GC-MS. YQTLF significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. YQTLF early inhibited changes in retinal histology, capillaries, cells, and tight junction proteins (such as ZO-1, occludin, claudin-5, and VE-cadherin) before the formation and development of DR. These findings correlated with the alleviation of glucolipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The lncRNA MALAT1 and the PRC 2/p38 MAPK-related pathway, such as the expression of EZH2, SUZ12, EED, p38 MAPK, MMP-9, and VEGFR, were also correlated. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the preventive and delayed development and formation of DR. YQTLF prevents changes in dyslipidemia, retinal histology, capillaries, cells, and tight junction proteins. These protective effects appear to be linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which prevent the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as the lncRNA MALAT1 and PRC 2/p38 MAPK-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Di
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Bing Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haohan Wu
- Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jia Wang
- General Department, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Bora V, Patel D, Johar K, Goyal RK, Patel BM. Systemic study of selected histone deacetylase inhibitors in cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:240-251. [PMID: 34614370 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is mainly characterized by wasting of skeletal muscles and fat and body weight loss, along with severe complications of major organs like liver, heart, brain and bone. There can be diminishing performance of these major organs as cancer cachexia progresses, one such drastic effect on the cardiac system. In the present study, differential effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia is studied. Two models were used to induce cancer cachexia: B16F1 induced metastatic cancer cachexia and Lewis lung carcinoma cell - induced cancer cachexia. Potential of Class I HDACi entinostat, Class II HDACi MC1568, and nonspecific HDACi sodium butyrate on cardiac complications were evaluated using the cardiac hypertrophy markers, hemodynamic markers, and cardiac markers along with histopathological evaluation of heart sections by Periodic acid-Schiff staining, Masson's trichrome staining, Picro-sirius red staining, and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry evaluation by vimentin and caspase 3 protein expression was evaluated. Entinostat showed promising results by attenuating the cardiac complications, and MC1568 treatment further exacerbated the cardiac complications, while non-conclusive effect were recorded after treatment with sodium butyrate. This study will be helpful in evaluating other HDACi for potential in cardiac complications associated with cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Bora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Dhwani Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Kaid Johar
- Department of Zoology, BMTC, Human Genetics, USSC, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences Research University, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
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Lin J, Liu G, Duan Z. The mechanism of esophagus dysmotility in diabetes and research progress of relating treatments. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:919-927. [PMID: 34156876 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1945921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Esophagus dysmotility is a crucial risk factor of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is one of the most common diseases in digestive medicine globally. This review emphasizes the mechanisms of esophagus dysmotility in diabetes and summarizes more targeted treatments for these patients to avoid the overuse of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).Areas covered: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clear factor that must not be neglected in the development of GERD. Previous studies have preliminarily researched the esophagus deterioration in diabetes. However, the multi-faceted mechanisms of esophagus dysmotility in diabetes need more studies. Besides, targeted treatments for these patients rather than conventional PPIs are urgently needed.Expert opinion: The treatments for GERD patients with diabetes should be further explored. Pharmacological approaches such as prokinetic agents, psychotherapy can be adopted. Meanwhile, it's feasible to explore non-drug treatments. For example, Electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST-36) may be effective to protect the networks of intestinal cells of Cajal (ICCs) in diabetes. More effective approaches should be explored to achieve individualized treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Lin
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gongkai Liu
- School of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Zhijun Duan
- The Second Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Faisal Lutfi M, Abdel-Moneim AMH, Alsharidah AS, Mobark MA, Abdellatif AAH, Saleem IY, Al Rugaie O, Mohany KM, Alsharidah M. Thymoquinone Lowers Blood Glucose and Reduces Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:2348. [PMID: 33920728 PMCID: PMC8073923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the short-term effects of Thymoquinone (TQ) on oxidative stress, glycaemic control, and renal functions in diabetic rats. DM was induced in groups II and III with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), while group I received no medication (control). The rats in groups I and II were then given distilled water, while the rats in group III were given TQ at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks. Lipid peroxidase, nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles, and renal function were assessed. Moreover, the renal tissues were used for histopathological examination. STZ increased the levels of HbA1c, lipid peroxidase, NO, and creatinine in STZ-induced diabetic rats in comparison to control rats. TAC was lower in STZ-induced diabetic rats than in the control group. Furthermore, rats treated with TQ exhibited significantly lower levels of HbA1c, lipid peroxidase, and NO than did untreated diabetic rats. TAC was higher in diabetic rats treated with TQ than in untreated diabetic rats. The histopathological results showed that treatment with TQ greatly attenuated the effect of STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy. TQ effectively adjusts glycaemic control and reduces oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats without significant damaging effects on the renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Faisal Lutfi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.L.); (A.-M.H.A.-M.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nile College, Sheikh Zayed 7121, Sudan
| | - Abdel-Moneim Hafez Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.L.); (A.-M.H.A.-M.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ashwag Saleh Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.L.); (A.-M.H.A.-M.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mugahid A. Mobark
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Mansoura 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid 13314, Sudan
| | - Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Imran Y. Saleem
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University James Parsons Building, Liverpool L3 5UG, UK;
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, P.O. Box 991, Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid M. Mohany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.L.); (A.-M.H.A.-M.); (A.S.A.)
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Abstract
Heart failure is a worldwide pandemic influencing 26 million individuals worldwide and is expanding. Imbalanced redox homeostasis in cardiac cells alters the structure and function of the cells, which leads to contractile dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis in chronic heart failure. Various targets and agents acting on these such as siRNA, miRNA, interleukin-1, opioids, vasodilators, and SGLT2 inhibitors are being evaluated for heart failure, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is one of them. NRF2 is a master transcription factor which is expressed in most of the tissues and exhibits a major role in amplification of the antioxidant pathways associated with the enzymes present in myocardium. Increased ROS generation and PI3K-Akt signaling can activate the receptor NRF2. Various in vitro and in vivo and few clinical studies suggested NRF2 may possess a potential for targeting oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular diseases including heart failures. All these studies collectively propose that upregulation of NRF2 will attenuate the increase in hemodynamic stress and provide beneficial role in cardiovascular diseases. The current review shall familiarize readers about the regulations and functions of NRF2. We have also discussed the current evidences suggesting beneficial role of NRF2 activators in heart failure. Graphical abstract.
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Zhang Z, Hu Y, Xu N, Zhou W, Yang L, Chen R, Yang R, Sun J, Chen H. A New Way for Beta Cell Neogenesis: Transdifferentiation from Alpha Cells Induced by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2583047. [PMID: 31001561 PMCID: PMC6436340 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2583047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that alpha cells, especially immature cells and proalpha cells, might be the precursors of beta cells. Exposure to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) can ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice and restore the beta cell mass. In the present study, we adopted single high-dose (60 mg/kg, i.p.) streptozotocin (STZ) to model diabetes mellitus (DM) and randomly assigned short-tail (SD) rats to a normal group, a diabetic group, GLP1 groups (50 μg/kg, 100 μg/kg, and 200 μg/kg), a GLP1 (200 μg/kg) with exendin (9-39) group, and a GLP1 with LY294002 group. We found that the pancreatic insulin-glucagon-positive cell populations increased according to the increase in GLP1 exposure. By contrast, no insulin-amylase-positive cell populations or insulin/pan-cytokeratin cells were observed in the pancreatic sections. The GLP1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39) and the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) family inhibitor LY294002 not only suppressed protein kinase B (Akt), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), forkhead box O 1 (FoxO1), and mast cell function-associated antigen A (MafA) mRNA expression but also increased MAFB expression. We concluded that treatment with GLP1 might result in beta cell neogenesis by promoting the transdifferentiation of alpha cells but not by pancreatic acinar cells, ductal cells, or the self-replication of beta cells. The regulation on the GLP1 receptor and its downstream transcription factor PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway, which causes increased pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) and MafA mRNA expression but causes decreased MAFB expression, may be the mechanism involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Hu
- Department of International Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shangxi, China
| | - Ningning Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Patel MM, Patel BM. Repurposing of sodium valproate in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus: Role of HDAC inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:188-199. [PMID: 29852291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic patients are at greater risk for colon cancer. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) serve as common target for both. The key objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of sodium valproate in type 2 diabetes mellitus associated colon cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH High fat diet and streptozotocin were used to induce type 2 diabetes. Following this, after diabetes confirmation, colon cancer was induced using 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (25 mg/kg, s.c.) once weekly from 7th week to 20th weeks. Sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) treatment was given from 20th to 24th week. At the end of 24 weeks, several enzymatic and biochemical parameters, were estimated. MTT, clonogenic and scratch wound healing assay were carried out in HCT-15 cell line. KEY RESULTS Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increase in cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and carcinoembryonic antigen and presence of proliferating cells was seen in disease control animals which was prevented by sodium valproate treatment. Overexpression of relative HDAC2 mRNA levels was found in diseased control animals, which was reduced by sodium valproate treatment. IC50 of sodium valproate was found to be 3.40 mM and 3.73 mM at 48 h and 72 h respectively on HCT-15 cell line. Sodium valproate also dose dependently prevented colony formation and cell migration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Sodium valproate can be considered for repurposing in colon cancer associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India.
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Goldstein JA, Bastarache LA, Denny JC, Roden DM, Pulley JM, Aronoff DM. Calcium channel blockers as drug repurposing candidates for gestational diabetes: Mining large scale genomic and electronic health records data to repurpose medications. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:44-51. [PMID: 29448118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches are needed for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but must show safety and efficacy in a historically understudied population. We studied associations between electronic medical record (EMR) phenotypes and genetic variants to uncover drugs currently considered safe in pregnancy that could treat or prevent GDM. We identified 129 systemically active drugs considered safe in pregnancy targeting the proteins produced from 196 genes. We tested for associations between GDM and/or type 2 diabetes (DM2) and 306 SNPs in 130 genes represented on the Illumina Infinium Human Exome Bead Chip (DM2 was included due to shared pathophysiological features with GDM). In parallel, we tested the association between drugs and glucose tolerance during pregnancy as measured by the glucose recorded during a routine 50-g glucose tolerance test (GTT). We found an association between GDM/DM2 and the genes targeted by 11 drug classes. In the EMR analysis, 6 drug classes were associated with changes in GTT. Two classes were identified in both analyses. L-type calcium channel blocking antihypertensives (CCBs), were associated with a 3.18 mg/dL (95% CI -6.18 to -0.18) decrease in glucose during GTT, and serotonin receptor type 3 (5HT-3) antagonist antinausea medications were associated with a 3.54 mg/dL (95% CI 1.86-5.23) increase in glucose during GTT. CCBs were identified as a class of drugs considered safe in pregnancy could have efficacy in treating or preventing GDM. 5HT-3 antagonists may be associated with worse glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery A Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Lisa A Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jill M Pulley
- Vanderbilt Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States.
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Rabadiya S, Bhadada S, Dudhrejiya A, Vaishnav D, Patel B. Magnesium valproate ameliorates type 1 diabetes and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats through estrogen receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:919-927. [PMID: 29136770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is known to exhibit cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic action. Valproic acid has been shown to upregulate estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast and prostate cancer tissues. No pharmacological evaluations for magnesium valproate (MgV) so far have been done for diabetic cadio-lipidemic complications. Based on the above context, current study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of MgV in cardiac complications associated with type-1 diabetes mellitus in rats wherein diabetes was induced by single tail vein injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45mg/kg, IV) in female Sprague Dawley rats and treatment of MgV (210mg/kg, PO) was given for eight weeks to diabetic animals, after which, various biochemical and cardiac biomarkers, hypertrophic, hemodynamic and histological parameters along with immunohistochemistry of ERs in the left ventricle (LV) were estimated. MgV treatment significantly controlled hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, reduced elevated cardiac biomarkers and C-reactive protein(CRP), significantly improved hemodynamic functions and increased the rate of pressure development and decay. MgV also significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy index and cardiac hypertrophy index, LV wall thickness, LV collagen, cardiomyocyte diameter and prevented the oxidative stress with significant increase in Na+-K+-ATPase activity in LV. Moreover, MgV reversed STZ-induced histological alterations and decreased glycogen content in LV and increased the ERβ expressions in LV as evidenced by immunohistochemistry. The result indicated that MgV prevented disease progression in the early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy which seems to be mediated by upregulation of estrogen receptors in LV tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rabadiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Shradhha Bhadada
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashvin Dudhrejiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Devendra Vaishnav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Raghunathan S, Goyal RK, Patel BM. Selective inhibition of HDAC2 by magnesium valproate attenuates cardiac hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:260-267. [PMID: 28177689 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory paradigm in cardiac hypertrophy involves alterations in gene expression that is mediated by chromatin remodeling. Various data suggest that class I and class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) play opposing roles in the regulation of hypertrophic pathways. To address this, we tested the effect of magnesium valproate (MgV), an HDAC inhibitor with 5 times more potency on class I HDACs. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by partial abdominal aortic constriction in Wistar rats, and at the end of 6 weeks, we evaluated hypertrophic, hemodynamic, and oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial DNA concentration. Treatment with MgV prevented cardiac hypertrophy, improved hemodynamic functions, prevented oxidative stress, and increased mitochondrial DNA concentration. MgV treatment also increased the survival rate of the animals as depicted by the Kaplan-Meier curve. Improvement in hypertrophy due to HDAC inhibition was further confirmed by HDAC mRNA expression studies, which revealed that MgV decreases expression of pro-hypertrophic HDAC (i.e., HDAC2) without altering the expression of anti-hypertrophic HDAC5. Selective class I HDAC inhibition is required for controlling cardiac hypertrophy. Newer HDAC inhibitors that are class I inhibitors and class II promoters can be designed to obtain "pan" or "dual" natural HDAC "regulators".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- b Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences Research University, Delhi, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- a Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India
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Shah NR, Patel BM. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside rich extract of L. usitatissimum prevents diabetic colon cancer through inhibition of CDK4. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:733-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Garlic Attenuates Plasma and Kidney ACE-1 and AngII Modulations in Early Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Renal Clearance and Blood Pressure Implications. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8142394. [PMID: 27293465 PMCID: PMC4887627 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8142394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Raw garlic aqueous extract (GE) has ameliorative actions on the renin-angiotensin system in type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM); however its effects on plasma and kidney angiotensin I converting enzyme type-1 (ACE-1) and angiotensin II (AngII) require further elucidation. This study investigated the effect of GE on plasma and kidney ACE-1 and AngII concentrations and in relation to systemic and renal clearance indicators significant to blood pressure (BP) homeostasis in early streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type-1 DM. Normal rats (n = 10) received 0.5 mL normal saline (NR/NS), diabetic rats (n = 10) received 0.5 mL NS (DR/NS), and treated diabetic rats (n = 10) received 50 mg/0.1 mL/100 g body weight GE (DR/GE) as daily intraperitoneal injections for 8 weeks. Compared to NR/NS, DR/NS showed a significant increase in plasma ACE-1 and AngII and conversely a decrease in kidney ACE-1 and AngII. These changes were associated with an increase in BP and clearance functions. Alternatively and compared to DR/NS, DR/GE showed normalization or attenuation in plasma and kidney ACE-1 and AngII. These GE induced rectifications were associated with moderation in BP elevation and renal clearance functions. Garlic attenuates modulations in plasma and kidney ACE-1 and AngII, in addition to BP and renal clearance function in type-1 DM.
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Renoprotective effect of diosgenin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:370-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Challenges and issues with streptozotocin-induced diabetes - A clinically relevant animal model to understand the diabetes pathogenesis and evaluate therapeutics. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 244:49-63. [PMID: 26656244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) has been extensively used over the last three decades to induce diabetes in various animal species and to help screen for hypoglycemic drugs. STZ induces clinical features in animals that resemble those associated with diabetes in humans. For this reason STZ treated animals have been used to study diabetogenic mechanisms and for preclinical evaluation of novel antidiabetic therapies. However, the physiochemical characteristics and associated toxicities of STZ are still major obstacles for researchers using STZ treated animals to investigate diabetes. Another major challenges in STZ-induced diabetes are sustaining uniformity, suitability, reproducibility and induction of diabetes with minimal animal lethality. Lack of appropriate use of STZ was found to be associated with increased mortality and animal suffering. During STZ use in animals, attention should be paid to several factors such as method of preparation of STZ, stability, suitable dose, route of administration, diet regimen, animal species with respect to age, body weight, gender and the target blood glucose level used to represent hyperglycemia. Therefore, protocol for STZ-induced diabetes in experimental animals must be meticulously planned. This review highlights specific skills and strategies involved in the execution of STZ-induced diabetes model. The present review aims to provide insight into diabetogenic mechanisms of STZ, specific toxicity of STZ with its significance and factors responsible for variations in diabetogenic effects of STZ. Further this review also addresses ways to minimize STZ-induced mortality, suggests methods to improve STZ-based experimental models and best utilize them for experimental studies purported to understand diabetes pathogenesis and preclinical evaluation of drugs.
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Rayabarapu N, Patel BM. Beneficial role of tamoxifen in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:849-57. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ER-α and ER-β agonist 17β-estradiol is reported to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tamoxifen in myocardial infarction. For this, tamoxifen was administered to Sprague–Dawley rats for 1–14 days, and isoproterenol (ISO) (100 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) was administered subcutaneously on the 13th and 14th days of the study in order to induce myocardial infarction, after which, various biochemical, cardiac, and morphometric parameters were evaluated. ISO produced significant dyslipidemia, hypertension, bradycardia, oxidative stress, and an increase in serum cardiac markers. Treatment with tamoxifen significantly controlled dyslipidemia, hypertension, bradycardia, oxidative stress, and reduced serum cardiac markers. The ISO control rats exhibited significant increases in the infarct size of the left ventricle (LV), LV cavity area, cardiac and LV hypertrophic indices, LV-wall thickness, cardiomyocyte diameter, and area. Treatment with tamoxifen significantly reduced infarction as well as hypertrophic and morphometric parameters. ISO also produced significant increases in the LV collagen level, decreases in Na+K+ATPase activity, and a reduction in the rate of pressure development and decay, which were prevented by tamoxifen treatment. The protective effect of tamoxifen on myocardial infarct was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Our data thus suggest that tamoxifen exerts beneficial effects in ISO-induced myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Rayabarapu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M. Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
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