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Md Shahrulnizam NAN, Mohd Efendy Goon MD, Ab Rahim S, Lew SW, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Ibrahim E. Palm-based tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation modulates cardiac sod1 expression, fxr target gene expression, and tauro-conjugated bile acid levels in aleptinemic mice fed a high-fat diet. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:3. [PMID: 38413846 PMCID: PMC10898183 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been reported to protect the heart from oxidative stress-induced inflammation. It is, however, unclear whether the protective effects of TRF against oxidative stress involve the activation of farnesoid X receptor (fxr), a bile acid receptor, and the regulation of bile acid metabolites. In the current study, we investigated the effects of TRF supplementation on antioxidant activities, expression of fxr and its target genes in cardiac tissue, and serum untargeted metabolomics of high-fat diet-fed mice. Mice were divided into high-fat diet (HFD) with or without TRF supplementation (control) for 6 weeks. At the end of the intervention, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and random blood glucose were measured. Heart tissues were collected, and the gene expression of sod1, sod2, gpx, and fxr and its target genes shp and stat3 was determined. Serum was subjected to untargeted metabolomic analysis using UHPLC-Orbitrap. In comparison to the control, the WC of the TRF-treated group was higher (p >0.05) than that of the HFD-only group, in addition there was no significant difference in weight or random blood glucose level. Downregulation of sod1, sod2, and gpx expression was observed in TRF-treated mice; however, only sod1 was significant when compared to the HFD only group. The expression of cardiac shp (fxr target gene) was significantly upregulated, but stat3 was significantly downregulated in the TRF-treated group compared to the HFD-only group. Biochemical pathways found to be influenced by TRF supplementation include bile acid secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and biotin and cholesterol metabolism. In conclusion, TRF supplementation in HFD-fed mice affects antioxidant activities, and more interestingly, TRF also acts as a signaling molecule that is possibly involved in several bile acid-related biochemical pathways accompanied by an increase in cardiac fxr shp expression. This study provides new insight into TRF in deregulating bile acid receptors and metabolites in high-fat diet-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aliah Natasha Md Shahrulnizam
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Danial Mohd Efendy Goon
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerFoRM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sook Weih Lew
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerFoRM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Effendi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Pozzetti L, Ferrara F, Marotta L, Gemma S, Butini S, Benedusi M, Fusi F, Ahmed A, Pomponi S, Ferrari S, Perini M, Ramunno A, Pepe G, Campiglia P, Valacchi G, Carullo G, Campiani G. Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extracts of Indigenous Southern Tuscany Cultivar Act as Anti-Inflammatory and Vasorelaxant Nutraceuticals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030437. [PMID: 35326088 PMCID: PMC8944769 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the typical source of fats in the Mediterranean diet. While fatty acids are essential for the EVOO nutraceutical properties, multiple biological activities are also due to the presence of polyphenols. In this work, autochthonous Tuscany EVOOs were chemically characterized and selected EVOO samples were extracted to obtain hydroalcoholic phytocomplexes, which were assayed to establish their anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant properties. The polar extracts were characterized via 1H-NMR and UHPLC-HRMS to investigate the chemical composition and assayed in CaCo-2 cells exposed to glucose oxidase or rat aorta rings contracted by phenylephrine. Apigenin and luteolin were found as representative flavones; other components were pinoresinol, ligstroside, and oleuropein. The extracts showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties via modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways, respectively, and good vasorelaxant activity, both in the presence and absence of an intact endothelium. In conclusion, this study evaluated the nutraceutical properties of autochthonous Tuscany EVOO cv., which showed promising anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.P.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Ludovica Marotta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.P.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.P.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.P.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.P.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Serena Pomponi
- Società Agricola Olivicoltori delle Colline del Cetona Società Cooperativa, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | | | - Matteo Perini
- Fondazione Emund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy;
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (A.R.); (G.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (A.R.); (G.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (A.R.); (G.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.P.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.P.); (L.M.); (S.G.); (S.B.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.C.)
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Magalingam KB, Somanath SD, Md S, Haleagrahara N, Fu JY, Selvaduray KR, Radhakrishnan AK. Tocotrienols protect differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating dopamine biosynthesis and dopamine receptor D2 gene expression. Nutr Res 2022; 98:27-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saminathan M, Mohamed WNW, Noh 'AM, Ibrahim NA, Fuat MA, Ramiah SK. Effects of dietary palm oil on broiler chicken productive performance and carcass characteristics: a comprehensive review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:64. [PMID: 35038035 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Palm oil is a natural energy source ingredient in poultry diets that offers a broad range of beneficial effects on the performance of broiler chickens. This review was conducted to highlight the impact of palm oil as a feed ingredient on growth performance and carcass quality, as well as the biochemical, antioxidant activity and tissue fatty acids (FA) composition of broiler chickens. Palm oil inclusion in broiler chickens' rations contributes significantly to the high metabolisable energy (ME) of feed formulation, increases feed palatability and decreases digesta passage rate in the intestine. The reviewed literature indicated that dietary palm oil has a beneficial effect on broiler chickens' overall growth performance traits. The addition of palm oil can also improve the heat tolerance of chickens reared in high ambient temperature conditions. Regardless of breed and breeding conditions, palm oil exhibits good oxidative stability in broiler chickens due to the presence of prevalent phytonutrient elements in this oil. The inclusion of palm oil increased palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1) acids in tissue deposits, which improves meat stability and quality. Moreover, molecular studies have revealed that higher mRNA expression of several lipid-related hepatic genes in broiler chickens fed palm oil. Nonetheless, dietary palm oil can influence FA deposition in tissues, modulate lipoprotein and triglycerides (TG) levels, and cytokine contents in the blood serum of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mookiah Saminathan
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Nooraida Wan Mohamed
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - 'Abidah Md Noh
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Atikah Ibrahim
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Amirul Fuat
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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The Utilisation of Palm Oil and Oil Palm Residues and the Related Challenges as a Sustainable Alternative in Biofuel, Bioenergy, and Transportation Sector: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The importance of energy demands that have increased exponentially over the past century has led to the sourcing of other ideal power solutions as the potential replacement alternative to the conventional fossil fuel. However, the utilisation of fossil fuel has created severe environmental issues. The identification of other renewable sources is beneficial to replace the energy utilisation globally. Biomass is a highly favourable sustainable alternative to renewable resources that can produce cleaner, cheaper, and readily available energy sources in the future. The palm oil industry is essentially ideal for the availability of abundant biomass resources, where the multifaceted residues are vital for energy production through the conversion of biomass waste into value-added products simultaneously. This article discusses the utilisation of palm oil and its residues in the energy and transportation sector. Assessment and evaluation on the feasibility of palm oil and its residues were made on the current valorisation methods such as thermochemical and biochemical techniques. Their potential as transportation fuels were concurrently reviewed. This is followed by a discussion on future challenges of palm oil industries that will take place globally, including the prospects from government and nongovernment organisations for the development of palm oil as a sustainable alternative replacement to fossil fuel. Hence, this review aims to provide further insight into the possibilities of palm oil and its residues towards sustainable development with reduced environmental-related issues.
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Tan CM, Najib NAM, Suhaimi NF, Halid NA, Cho VV, Abdullah SI, Ismail MZ, Khor SC, Jaafar F, Makpol S. Modulation of Ki67 and myogenic regulatory factor expression by tocotrienol-rich fraction ameliorates myogenic program of senescent human myoblasts. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:752-763. [PMID: 34025846 PMCID: PMC8130490 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Replicative senescence results in dysregulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, which plays a role in the regenerative defects observed during age-related muscle atrophy. Vitamin E is a well-known antioxidant, which potentially ameliorates a wide range of age-related manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in modulating the expression of proliferation- and differentiation-associated proteins in senescent human myoblasts during the differentiation phase. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human skeletal muscle myoblasts were cultured until senescence. Young and senescent cells were treated with TRF for 24 h before and after differentiation induction, followed by evaluation of cellular morphology and efficiency of differentiation. Expression of cell proliferation marker Ki67 protein and myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin were determined. RESULTS Our findings showed that treatment with TRF significantly improved the morphology of senescent myoblasts. Promotion of differentiation was observed in young and senescent myoblasts with TRF treatment as shown by the increased fusion index and larger size of myotubes. Increased Ki67 and myogenin expression with TRF treatment was also observed in senescent myoblasts, suggesting amelioration of the myogenic program by TRF during replicative senescence. CONCLUSIONS TRF modulates the expression of regulatory factors related to proliferation and differentiation in senescent human myoblasts and could be beneficial for ameliorating the regenerative defects during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Min Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadwa Aqeela Mohd Najib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farahin Suhaimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Alia Halid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vi Vien Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Idham Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulhilmi Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shy Cian Khor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faizul Jaafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Regulation of inflammatory response and oxidative stress by tocotrienol in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Durani LW, Hamezah HS, Ibrahim NF, Yanagisawa D, Nasaruddin ML, Mori M, Azizan KA, Damanhuri HA, Makpol S, Wan Ngah WZ, Tooyama I. Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction of Palm Oil Improves Behavioral Impairments and Regulates Metabolic Pathways in AβPP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:249-267. [PMID: 29889072 PMCID: PMC6004929 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil, a mixture of vitamin E analogs, improves amyloid pathology in vitro and in vivo. However, precise mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term (10 months) TRF treatment on behavioral impairments and brain metabolites in (15 months old) AβPP/PS1 double transgenic (Tg) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice. The open field test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tasks revealed improved exploratory activity, spatial learning, and recognition memory, respectively, in TRF-treated Tg mice. Brain metabolite profiling of wild-type and Tg mice treated with and without TRF was performed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM)-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Metabolic pathway analysis found perturbed metabolic pathways that linked to AD. TRF treatment partly ameliorated metabolic perturbations in Tg mouse hippocampus. The mechanism of this pre-emptive activity may occur via modulation of metabolic pathways dependent on Aβ interaction or independent of Aβ interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wati Durani
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nor Faeizah Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masaki Mori
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
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Ali SF, Woodman OL. Tocomin Restores Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in the Diabetic Rat Aorta by Increasing NO Bioavailability and Improving the Expression of eNOS. Front Physiol 2019; 10:186. [PMID: 30886586 PMCID: PMC6409301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether tocomin, an extract from palm oil that has a high tocotrienol content, was able to prevent diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. To induce type 1 diabetes streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was injected into the tail vein of Wistar rats. Six weeks later the diabetic rats, and normal rats injected with citrate buffer, commenced treatment with tocomin (40 mg/kg/day sc) or its vehicle (peanut oil) for a further 4 weeks. Aortae isolated from diabetic rats had impaired acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation compared to normal rat aortae but there was no change in endothelium-independent relaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside. By contrast, responses to ACh in aortae from diabetic rats treated with tocomin were not different to normal rats. In addition to impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation the diabetic aortae had increased expression of the NADPH oxidase Nox2 subunit, increased generation of superoxide and decreased expression of eNOS and all of these effects were prevented by tocomin treatment. Tocomin did not affect plasma glucose levels. The impaired response to ACh in vitro was maintained in the presence of TRAM-34 and apamin, selective inhibitors of calcium-activated potassium (K Ca ) channels, indicating diabetes impaired the contribution of NO to endothelium-dependent relaxation. By contrast, neither diabetes nor tocomin treatment influenced EDH-type relaxation as, in the presence of L-NNA, an inhibitor of eNOS, and ODQ, to inhibit soluble guanylate cyclase, responses to ACh were similar in all treatment groups. Thus tocomin treatment improves NO mediated endothelium dependent relaxation in aortae from diabetic rats associated with a decrease in vascular oxidant stress but without affecting hyperglycaemia.
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Razak AM, Khor SC, Jaafar F, Karim NA, Makpol S. Targeting myomiRs by tocotrienol-rich fraction to promote myoblast differentiation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:31. [PMID: 30519366 PMCID: PMC6267085 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Several muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) are differentially expressed during cellular senescence. However, the role of dietary compounds on myomiRs remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the modulatory role of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on myomiRs and myogenic genes during differentiation of human myoblasts. Young and senescent human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) were treated with 50 μg/mL TRF for 24 h before and after inducing differentiation. Results The fusion index and myotube surface area were higher (p < 0.05) on days 3 and 5 than that on day 1 of differentiation. Ageing reduced the differentiation rate, as observed by a decrease in both fusion index and myotube surface area in senescent cells (p < 0.05). Treatment with TRF significantly increased differentiation at days 1, 3 and 5 of young and senescent myoblasts. In senescent myoblasts, TRF increased the expression of miR-206 and miR-486 and decreased PTEN and PAX7 expression. However, the expression of IGF1R was upregulated during early differentiation and decreased at late differentiation when treated with TRF. In young myoblasts, TRF promoted differentiation by modulating the expression of miR-206, which resulted in the reduction of PAX7 expression and upregulation of IGF1R. Conclusion TRF can potentially promote myoblast differentiation by modulating the expression of myomiRs, which regulate the expression of myogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azraul Mumtazah Razak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shy Cian Khor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faizul Jaafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norwahidah Abdul Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jaafar F, Abdullah A, Makpol S. Cellular Uptake and Bioavailability of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in SIRT1-Inhibited Human Diploid Fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10471. [PMID: 29992988 PMCID: PMC6041292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is palm vitamin E that consists of tocopherol and tocotrienol. TRF is involved in important cellular regulation including delaying cellular senescence. A key regulator of cellular senescence, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is involved in lipid metabolism. Thus, SIRT1 may regulate vitamin E transportation and bioavailability at cellular level. This study aimed to determine the role of SIRT1 on cellular uptake and bioavailability of TRF in human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). SIRT1 gene in young HDFs was silenced by small interference RNA (siRNA) while SIRT1 activity was inhibited by sirtinol. TRF treatment was given for 24 h before or after SIRT1 inhibition. Cellular concentration of TRF isomers was determined according to the time points of before and after TRF treatment at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Our results showed that all tocotrienol isomers were significantly taken up by HDFs after 24 h of TRF treatment and decreased 24 h after TRF treatment was terminated but remained in the cell up to 72 h. The uptake of α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and β-tocotrienol was significantly higher in senescent cells as compared to young HDFs indicating higher requirement for vitamin E in senescent cells. Inhibition of SIRT1 gene increased the uptake of all tocotrienol isomers but not α-tocopherol. However, SIRT1 inhibition at protein level decreased tocotrienol concentration. In conclusion, SIRT1 may regulate the cellular uptake and bioavailability of tocotrienol isomers in human diploid fibroblast cells while a similar regulation was not shown for α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Jaafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asmaa Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Level 17, Preclinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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12
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Ramanathan N, Tan E, Loh LJ, Soh BS, Yap WN. Tocotrienol is a cardioprotective agent against ageing-associated cardiovascular disease and its associated morbidities. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:6. [PMID: 29387138 PMCID: PMC5775572 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a nonmodifiable risk factor that is linked to increased likelihood of cardiovascular morbidities. Whilst many pharmacological interventions currently exist to treat many of these disorders such as statins for hypercholesterolemia or beta-blockers for hypertension, the elderly appear to present a greater likelihood of suffering non-related side effects such as increased risk of developing new onset type 2 diabetes (NODM). In some cases, lower efficacy in the elderly have also been reported. Alternative forms of treatment have been sought to address these issues, and there has been a growing interest in looking at herbal remedies or plant-based natural compounds. Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the manifestation of ageing-related cardiovascular disease. Thus, it is natural that a compound that possesses both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory bioactivities would be considered. This review article examines the potential of tocotrienols, a class of Vitamin E compounds with proven superior antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity compared to tocopherols (the other class of Vitamin E compounds), in ameliorating ageing-related cardiovascular diseases and its associated morbidities. In particular, the potential of tocotrienols in improving inflammaging, dyslipidemia and mitochondrial dysfunction in ageing-related cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardev Ramanathan
- Department of R&D, Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Davos, 138623 Singapore
- Department of R&D, Level 8, Menara KLK 1,Jalan Pju 7/6,Mutiara Damansara, 47810, 47800 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Esther Tan
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Li Jun Loh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
| | - Boon Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150 China
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Department of R&D, Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Davos, 138623 Singapore
- Department of R&D, Level 8, Menara KLK 1,Jalan Pju 7/6,Mutiara Damansara, 47810, 47800 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
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Allen L, Ramalingam L, Menikdiwela K, Scoggin S, Shen CL, Tomison MD, Kaur G, Dufour JM, Chung E, Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N. Effects of delta-tocotrienol on obesity-related adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and hepatic steatosis in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 48:128-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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The Effect of Pressure and Solvent on the Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Separation of Tocol Analogs in Palm Oil. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091424. [PMID: 28850073 PMCID: PMC6151672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are six tocol analogs present in palm oil, namely α-tocopherol (α-T), α-tocomonoenol (α-T1), α-tocotrienol (α-T3), γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3), β-tocotrioenol (β-T3) and δ-tocotrienol (δ-T3). These analogs were difficult to separate chromatographically due to their similar structures, physical and chemical properties. This paper reports on the effect of pressure and injection solvent on the separation of the tocol analogs in palm oil. Supercritical CO2 modified with ethanol was used as the mobile phase. Both total elution time and resolution of the tocol analogs decreased with increased pressure. Ethanol as an injection solvent resulted in peak broadening of the analogs within the entire pressure range studied. Solvents with an eluent strength of 3.4 or less were more suitable for use as injecting solvents.
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15
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Ali SF, Nguyen JCD, Jenkins TA, Woodman OL. Tocotrienol-Rich Tocomin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Aortae from Rats Fed a High-Fat Western Diet. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:39. [PMID: 27800483 PMCID: PMC5065990 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that tocomin, a mixture high in tocotrienol content and also containing tocopherol, acutely preserves endothelial function in the presence of oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated whether tocomin treatment would preserve endothelial function in aortae isolated from rats fed a high-fat diet known to cause oxidative stress. Wistar hooded rats were fed a western diet (WD, 21% fat) or control rat chow (standard diet, 6% fat) for 12 weeks. Tocomin (40 mg/kg/day sc) or its vehicle (peanut oil) was administered for the last 4 weeks of the feeding regime. Aortae from WD rats showed an impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation that was associated with an increased expression of the NADPH oxidase Nox2 subunit and an increase in the vascular generation of superoxide measured using L-012 chemiluminescence. The increase in vascular oxidative stress was accompanied by a decrease in basal NO release and impairment of the contribution of NO to ACh-induced relaxation. The impaired relaxation is likely contributed to by a decreased expression of eNOS, calmodulin, and phosphorylated Akt and an increase in caveolin. Tocotrienol rich tocomin, which prevented the diet-induced changes in vascular function, reduced vascular superoxide production and abolished the diet-induced changes in eNOS and other protein expression. Using selective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels we demonstrated that tocomin increased NO-mediated relaxation, without affecting the contribution of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization type relaxation to the endothelium-dependent relaxation. The beneficial actions of tocomin in this diet-induced model of obesity suggest that it may have potential to be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent vascular disease in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher F Ali
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, VIC , Australia
| | - Jason C D Nguyen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, VIC , Australia
| | - Trisha A Jenkins
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, VIC , Australia
| | - Owen L Woodman
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University , Bundoora, VIC , Australia
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