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Hussein M, Saif A, Amin M, Khalafallah O, Hussien A, Aboulsoud S, Mousa S. Plasma Adiponectin and Its Correlation with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obesity and in Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Nutr Metab 2023; 2023:6661585. [PMID: 37692464 PMCID: PMC10484655 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6661585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods and Results The study included 200 Egyptian subjects. They were divided into four equal groups: group 1: obese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O+/NAFLD+/DM+), group 2: nonobese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O-/NAFLD+/DM+), group 3: obese nondiabetic patients with NAFLD (O+/NAFLD+/DM-), and group 4: nonobese healthy control subjects. Plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using Doppler ultrasonography. Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and CIMT was significantly higher in O+/NAFLD+/DM+, as compared with O-/NAFLD+/DM+, O+/NAFLD+/DM-, and control subjects (p < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between adiponectin and CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD (p < 0.05), but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. The significant independent predictors of CIMT were diabetes duration, BMI (body mass index), albumin/creatinine ratio, and cholesterol. Conclusion Plasma adiponectin is inversely correlated with CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD, but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Hypoadiponectinemia could be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk in obese patients with NAFLD, with or without T2DM, but not in nonobese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hussein
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aasem Saif
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Amin
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Khalafallah
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussien
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Shrook Mousa
- Internal Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Lindfors S, Polianskyte-Prause Z, Bouslama R, Lehtonen E, Mannerla M, Nisen H, Tienari J, Salmenkari H, Forsgård R, Mirtti T, Lehto M, Groop PH, Lehtonen S. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon ameliorates renal inflammation in diet-induced obese mice and endotoxin-treated human glomeruli ex vivo. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1866-1879. [PMID: 33987714 PMCID: PMC8245393 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Chronic low-grade inflammation with local upregulation of proinflammatory molecules plays a role in the progression of obesity-related renal injury. Reduced serum concentration of anti-inflammatory adiponectin may promote chronic inflammation. Here, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects and mechanisms of action of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist. METHODS Wild-type DBA/2J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented or not with AdipoRon to model obesity-induced metabolic endotoxaemia and chronic low-grade inflammation and we assessed changes in the glomerular morphology and expression of proinflammatory markers. We also treated human glomeruli ex vivo and human podocytes in vitro with AdipoRon and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin upregulated in obesity and diabetes, and analysed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, activation of inflammatory signal transduction pathways, apoptosis and migration. RESULTS In HFD-fed mice, AdipoRon attenuated renal inflammation, as demonstrated by reduced expression of glomerular activated NF-κB p65 subunit (NF-κB-p65) (70%, p < 0.001), TNFα (48%, p < 0.01), IL-1β (51%, p < 0.001) and TGFβ (46%, p < 0.001), renal IL-6 and IL-4 (21% and 20%, p < 0.05), and lowered glomerular F4/80-positive macrophage infiltration (31%, p < 0.001). In addition, AdipoRon ameliorated HFD-induced glomerular hypertrophy (12%, p < 0.001), fibronectin accumulation (50%, p < 0.01) and podocyte loss (12%, p < 0.001), and reduced podocyte foot process effacement (15%, p < 0.001) and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (18%, p < 0.001). In cultured podocytes, AdipoRon attenuated the LPS-induced activation of the central inflammatory signalling pathways NF-κB-p65, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) (30%, 36% and 22%, respectively, p < 0.001), reduced the secretion of TNFα (32%, p < 0.01), and protected against podocyte apoptosis and migration. In human glomeruli ex vivo, AdipoRon reduced the LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION AdipoRon attenuated the renal expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed mice and LPS-stimulated human glomeruli, which apparently contributed to the amelioration of glomerular inflammation and injury. Mechanistically, based on assays on cultured podocytes, AdipoRon reduced LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB-p65, JNK and p38-MAPK pathways, thereby impelling the decrease in apoptosis, migration and secretion of TNFα. We conclude that the activation of the adiponectin receptor by AdipoRon is a potent strategy to attenuate endotoxaemia-associated renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lindfors
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zydrune Polianskyte-Prause
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rim Bouslama
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Mannerla
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Nisen
- Abdominal Center, Urology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Tienari
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanne Salmenkari
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard Forsgård
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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