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Almeida EA, Mehndiratta M, Madhu SV, Kar R, Puri D. PINK1 and oxidative stress in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108542. [PMID: 37354803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare mRNA [messenger RNA] expression of PINK1 in whole blood and the levels of biomarkers of Oxidative Stress (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] content & Total Antioxidant status [TAS]) in newly diagnosed lean and obese patients with T2DM. METHODS Newly diagnosed patients of T2DM were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each, lean (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2). mRNA expression of PINK1 & mtDNA content was measured by real time PCR. Serum TAS was measured using a commercially available kit. RESULTS There was a 1.78-fold decrease in mRNA expression of PINK1 in obese group compared to the lean group. Mean mtDNA content was 300.82 ± 169.66 in the obese group and 332.78 ± 147.07 in the lean group (p = 0.06). Mean levels of TAS was 5.39 ± 2.28 μM Trolox Equivalents in the obese group and 3.85 ± 3.33 μM Trolox Equivalents in the lean group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The T2DM patient with obesity had greater OS than the lean patients. Thus, there is a compensatory increase in antioxidants in obese patients with T2DM. Our findings also suggest that decreased levels of PINK1 in obese group are unable to protect the mitochondria against OS leading to decreased mtDNA content. Does it also result in beta cell dysfunction or contribute to insulin resistance in obese patients with T2DM needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edelbert Anthonio Almeida
- MD (Biochemistry), Senior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Mehndiratta
- MD (Biochemistry), Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - S V Madhu
- DM (Endocrinology), Professor, Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- MD (Biochemistry), Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Puri
- MD (Biochemistry), Director Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Paul P, Kaul R, Abdellatif B, Arabi M, Upadhyay R, Saliba R, Sebah M, Chaari A. The Promising Role of Microbiome Therapy on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic and Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906243. [PMID: 35711547 PMCID: PMC9197462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One in 10 adults suffer from type 2 diabetes (T2D). The role of the gut microbiome, its homeostasis, and dysbiosis has been investigated with success in the pathogenesis as well as treatment of T2D. There is an increasing volume of literature reporting interventions of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on T2D patients. Methods Studies investigating the effect of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in T2D populations were extracted from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to January 2022. Results From an initial screening of 5,984 hits, 47 clinical studies were included. Both statistically significant and non-significant results have been compiled, analyzed, and discussed. We have found various promising pro-, pre-, and synbiotic formulations. Of these, multistrain/multispecies probiotics are found to be more effective than monostrain interventions. Additionally, our findings show resistant dextrin to be the most promising prebiotic, followed closely by inulin and oligosaccharides. Finally, we report that synbiotics have shown excellent effect on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes. We further discuss the role of metabolites in the resulting effects in biomarkers and ultimately pathogenesis of T2D, bring attention toward the ability of such nutraceuticals to have significant role in COVID-19 therapy, and finally discuss few ongoing clinical trials and prospects. Conclusion Current literature of pro-, pre- and synbiotic administration for T2D therapy is promising and shows many significant results with respect to most markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Paul
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ridhima Kaul
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Arabi
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rohit Upadhyay
- Department of Medicine—Nephrology and Hypertension, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Reya Saliba
- Distributed eLibrary, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majda Sebah
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Assessment of Selected Clock Proteins (CLOCK and CRY1) and Their Relationship with Biochemical, Anthropometric, and Lifestyle Parameters in Hypertensive Patients. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040517. [PMID: 33808431 PMCID: PMC8067097 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms misalignment is associated with hypertension. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentration of selected clock proteins-cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) to determine their relationships with biochemical and anthropometric parameters and lifestyle elements (diet, physical activity, and quality of sleep) in hypertensive patients. METHODS In 31 females with hypertension (HT) and 55 non-hypertensive women (NHT) the CRY1 and CLOCK concentrations, total antioxidant status (TAS), lipid profile, and glycemia were analyzed. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements, nutritional, exercise, and sleep analyses were performed. RESULTS In the HT group, the CRY1 level was 37.38% lower than in the NHT group. No differences were noted in CLOCK concentration between groups. BMI, FBG, and TG were higher in the HT group compared to the NHT group, while TC, LDL, and HDL levels were similar. The study showed no relationship between CRY1 or CLOCK concentrations and glucose or lipids profile, amount of physical activity, or sleep quality, although CRY1 was associated with some anthropometric indicators. In the HT group, increased CLOCK and CRY1 values were associated with a high TAS level. CONCLUSIONS The serum level of CRY1 could be considered in a detailed diagnostic of hypertension risk in populations with abnormal anthropometric indices.
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Lutgen P, Munyangi J, Idumbo M, Mupenda B. Five case reports on treatment of diabetes by Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra herbal tea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2020.08.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zavorins A, Silova A, Voicehovska J, Kisis J. Rubeosis faciei diabeticorum is not associated with oxidative stress and skin autofluorescence. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:561-566. [PMID: 31777357 PMCID: PMC6857565 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rubeosis faciei diabeticorum is a persistent facial erythema in patients with diabetes mellitus. The actual pathogenesis has not been studied. However, it is speculated to be a cutaneous diabetic microangiopathy. Objective Examine the correlation between the severity of facial erythema and the possible causes of microvascular diabetic complications, namely oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and cutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end-products . Methods Patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 32) were enrolled in the study. The facial erythema index was measured using the Mexameter MX18; cutaneous accumulation of advanced glycation end-products was estimated by measuring skin auto fluorescence with the AGE Reader (DiagnOptics Technologies B.V. – Groningen, Netherlands). Glycated haemoglobin, total antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde were measured in blood by TBARS assay. The correlation between the selected variables was assessed by Spearman's rank test; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between total antioxidant status and the facial erythema index (ρ = 0.398, p = 0.024). Malondialdehyde, skin autofluorescence, glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and age did not demonstrate statistically significant correlation with the facial erythema index. Study limitations This is an observational study. Elevation of total antioxidant status could have been caused by several factors that might have also influenced the development of rubeosis faciei, including hyperbilirubinemia and hyperuricemia. Conclusions The results contradicted expectations. Total antioxidant status correlated positively with facial erythema index; however, there was no correlation with oxidative stress and skin autofluorescence. Further investigations should be conducted to reveal the cause of total antioxidant status elevation in patients with rubeosis faciei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksejs Zavorins
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Alise Silova
- Scientific Laboratory of Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Janis Kisis
- Department of Infectology and Dermatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Poor Glycaemic Control Is Associated with Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9471697. [PMID: 31467640 PMCID: PMC6701413 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9471697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycaemic control is the main focus of managing diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycaemia induces oxidative stress favouring cellular damage and subsequent diabetic complications. The present study was conducted to compare the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and individual antioxidant marker antioxidant status of type 2 diabetics (T2D) with good ((+) GC) and poor ((-) GC) glycaemic control with prediabetic (PDM) and normoglycaemic (NG) individuals. T2D (n = 147), PDM (n = 47), and NGC (n = 106) were recruited as subjects. T2D and PDM had lower plasma TAG than NG subjects. T2D and PDM had significantly higher GPx activity and plasma MDA concentrations than NG. PDM showed the highest SOD activity. T2D (-) GC showed significantly elevated GPx activity and higher MDA level and significantly lower SOD activity among all study groups. Lower plasma TAC and higher plasma MDA indicate the presence of oxidative stress in T2D and PDM. Elevated GPx activity in T2D, PDM, and particularly in T2D (-) GC suggests a compensatory response to counteract excess lipid peroxidation in the hyperglycaemic state. Decline in SOD activity advocates the presence of glycation and excess lipid peroxidation in T2D.
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Sari MI, Tala ZZ, Wahyuni DD. Association between Glycated Hemoglobin with the Levels of Serum Proinflammatory Cytokines and Antioxidants in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:715-720. [PMID: 30962826 PMCID: PMC6447341 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia condition in diabetes mellitus (DM) influences proinflammatory cytokine levels and disrupts antioxidant balances. Glycated Hemoglobin is used as a biomarker of glycemic control in DM. AIM: This study aimed to analyse the association between glycated Hemoglobin with the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6) and antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH)) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Hospital. METHODS: A total of eighty-nine T2DM patients were recruited at USU Hospital. Glycated Hemoglobin levels were measured using routine laboratory tests at USU Hospital. The IL-6, GPx, and GSH levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method. The statistical significance was determined using the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean of glycated hemoglobin (%), IL-6 (pg/ml), GPx (ng/ml), and GSH (ng/ml) levels in T2DM patients were 8.96 ± 2.28, 59.27 ± 16.04, 32.13 ± 12.10, and 7.42 ± 3.50, respectively. Regarding the glycated Hemoglobin levels, 28.09% of patients had controlled diabetes, 24.72% of patients had poorly controlled diabetes, and 47.19% of patients had uncontrolled diabetes. The IL-6 levels of the three study groups based on glycated Hemoglobin levels were related significantly (p < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference observed between the GPx and GSH levels (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the glycated Hemoglobin was associated with the levels of serum IL-6 levels but not GPx and GSH levels in T2DM patients in USU Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiara Indah Sari
- Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr Mansur No.5 Medan, Indonesia
| | - Zaimah Z Tala
- Departement of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr Mansur No.5 Medan, Indonesia
| | - Dian Dwi Wahyuni
- Departement of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr Mansur No.5 Medan, Indonesia
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Grun LK, Teixeira NDR, Mengden LV, de Bastiani MA, Parisi MM, Bortolin R, Lavandoski P, Pierdoná V, Alves LB, Moreira JCF, Mottin CC, Jones MH, Klamt F, Padoin AV, Guma FCR, Barbé-Tuana FM. TRF1 as a major contributor for telomeres' shortening in the context of obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:286-295. [PMID: 30268887 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent multifactorial chronic disorder characterized by metabolic dysregulation. Sustained pro-oxidative mediators trigger harmful consequences that reflect at systemic level and contribute for the establishment of a premature senescent phenotype associated with macromolecular damage (DNA, protein, and lipids). Telomeres are structures that protect chromosome ends and are associated with a six-protein complex called the shelterin complex and subject to regulation. Under pro-oxidant conditions, telomere attrition and the altered expression of the shelterin proteins are central for the establishment of many pathophysiological conditions such as obesity. Thus, considering that individuals with obesity display a systemic oxidative stress profile that may compromise the telomeres length or its regulation, the aim of this study was to investigate telomere homeostasis in patients with obesity and explore broad/systemic associations with the expression of shelterin genes and the plasma redox state. We performed a cross-sectional study in 39 patients with obesity and 27 eutrophic subjects. Telomere length (T/S ratio) and gene expression of shelterin components were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by qPCR. The oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation) and non-enzymatic antioxidant system (total radical-trapping antioxidant potential/reactivity, sulfhydryl and GSH content) were evaluated in plasma. Our results demonstrate that independently of comorbidities, individuals with obesity had significantly shorter telomeres, augmented expression of negative regulators of the shelterin complex, increased lipid peroxidation and higher oxidized protein levels associated with increased non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses. Principal component analysis revealed TRF1 as a major contributor for firstly telomeres shortening. In conclusion, our study is first showing a comprehensive analysis of telomeres in the context of obesity, associated with dysregulation of the shelterin components that was partially explained by TRF1 upregulation that could not be reversed by the observed adaptive non-enzymatic antioxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kich Grun
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence and Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nevton da Rosa Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence and Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lúcia von Mengden
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio de Bastiani
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Migliorini Parisi
- Interdisciplinary Group of Health (GIS), Center of Education and Research of the Institute of Cardiology of Cruz Alta, University of Cruz Alta (UNICRUZ), Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bortolin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Patrícia Lavandoski
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence and Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Pierdoná
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence and Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Biscaino Alves
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, São Lucas Hospital at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) and Postgraduate Program: Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Stress, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Corá Mottin
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, São Lucas Hospital at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) and Postgraduate Program: Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus Herbert Jones
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Klamt
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vontobel Padoin
- Center of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, São Lucas Hospital at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) and Postgraduate Program: Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fátima Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence and Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Florencia María Barbé-Tuana
- Postgraduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence and Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Vural P, Kabaca G, Firat RD, Degirmencioglu S. Administration of Selenium Decreases Lipid Peroxidation and Increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:452-460. [PMID: 28836407 PMCID: PMC5570410 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2017.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status plays a pivotal role in diabetes
mellitus (DM). Selenium is a integral component of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione
peroxidase. Se treatment induces angiogenesis and improves endothelial function through
increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study
is to investigate the effect of selenium on oxidative stress, VEGF, and endothelin 1 (ET1)
in a DM rat model.
Materials and Methods We performed an experimental animal study with 64 adult male
Wistar-Albino rats. Rats were divided into the following groups (n=8): control (C)7, C21,
C+sodium selenite (Se)7, and C+Se21 (control rats), and DM7, DM21, DM+Se7, and
DM+Se21 (diabetic rats). Diabetes was induced by 2-deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-
D-glucopyranose [streptozotocin (STZ)]. Three weeks after STZ, DM+Se7 rats received
intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 0.4 mg/kg Se for 7 days. The DM+Se21 rats received
these injections for 21 days. The same dose/duration of Se was administered to the
C+Se7 and C+Se21 groups. The remaining rats (C7, C21, DM7, DM21) received physi-
ologic saline injections for 7 or 21 days. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), malon-
dialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and endothelial function
markers (VEGF and ET1) in plasma samples were measured.
Results Diabetic rats (DM7 and DM21) had significantly increased plasma FRAP
(P=0.002, P=0.001), AOPP (P=0.024, P=0.01), MDA (P=0.004, P=0.001), and ET1
(P=0.028, P=0.003) levels compared with C7 and C21 control rats. VEGF (P=0.02, P=0.01)
significantly decreased in DM7 and DM21 diabetic rats compared with their controls (C7,
C21). Se administration reversed the increased MDA and decreased VEGF levels, and
lowered plasma glucose levels in the DM+Se7 and DM+Se21 diabetic groups compared
with diabetic rats (DM7, DM21). We observed positive correlations between FRAP-AOPP
(r=0.460), FRAP-ET1 (r=0.510), AOPP-MDA (r=0.270), and AOPP-ET1 (r=0.407), and a
negative correlation between MDA-VEGF (r=-0.314).
Conclusion We observed accentuated oxidative stress and impaired endothelial
function in diabetes. Se treatment reduced lipid peroxidation and hyperglycemia. Se
probably improved endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats because of the increased
VEGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervinl Vural
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gulcan Kabaca
- Department of Oral Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refia Deniz Firat
- Department of Oral Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgin Degirmencioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ganjifrockwala FA, Joseph JT, George G. Decreased total antioxidant levels and increased oxidative stress in South African type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2017.1324590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- FA Ganjifrockwala
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - JT Joseph
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - G George
- Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
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Ganjifrockwala FA, Joseph JT, George G. Evaluation of kidney function and risk factors of retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus people in South Africa. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 127:218-223. [PMID: 28395215 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a disease of the retina and an important microvascular complication of diabetes, frequently causing blindness in adults. The study aims to evaluate kidney function and risk factors for the development of retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. METHODS A total of 140 participants (54 Type 2DM without retinopathy, 44 with DR and 42 normal, healthy controls) consented to participate in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile and renal function tests were measured using routine laboratory methods. RESULTS A significant increase in FPG, HbA1c, serum triglycerides (TG), serum urea, urine albumin, the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and, a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed in DR patients, compared to controls. In multivariate logistic analysis, FPG, insulin treatment and UACR were the risk factors found to be significantly associated with the presence of retinopathy. According to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the diagnostic performance of UACR≥1.45mg/mmol-1l-1 was the optimal cut-off point. CONCLUSION A mild alteration in renal function was observed in DR patients and UACR is found to be an important risk factor and can be a valuable marker for predicting DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ganjifrockwala
- The Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha Campus, Mthatha 5100, South Africa.
| | - J T Joseph
- The Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha Campus, Mthatha 5100, South Africa
| | - G George
- The Department of Human Biology, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha Campus, Mthatha 5100, South Africa
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Serum Oxidized LDL Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy in Mthatha Region of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2063103. [PMID: 27433285 PMCID: PMC4940560 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2063103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a powerful natural prooxidant derived from native LDL by cell-mediated oxidation. Such oxidation occurs more easily in glycated LDL as observed in diabetes mellitus. We evaluated and compared selected biomarkers of oxidative stress and total antioxidant (TAO) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without retinopathy in the Mthatha region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The participants totaled to 140 and this number comprised 98 diabetic patients on treatment, stratified by diabetes (54) and diabetes with retinopathy (44). Forty-two nondiabetic healthy controls made up the 140. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, serum ox-LDL, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and TAO levels were measured. A statistically significant increase in FPG, HbA1c, TBARS, and ox-LDL and a significant decrease in TAO levels were seen in T2DM patients with retinopathy as compared to controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between TAO and ox-LDL levels in the diabetic group. In multiple linear regression analyses, duration of diabetes, triglyceride, TAO, and LDL cholesterol were found to be significantly associated with ox-LDL. In multiple logistic regression analyses, ox-LDL [OR 1.02 (1.01–1.03), P = 0.005] was the only risk factor and was significantly associated with the presence of retinopathy.
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