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Goel V, Raizada A, Aggarwal A, Madhu SV, Kar R, Agrawal A, Mahla V, Goel A. Long-Term Persistence of COVID-Induced Hyperglycemia: A Cohort Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:512-517. [PMID: 38350147 PMCID: PMC10919180 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the short-term mortality of patients with COVID-19 infection and hyperglycemia has been well documented, there is little available data regarding longer-term prognosis. The presence of diabetes has not only influenced disease severity but has also impacted its transmission dynamics. In this study, we followed a historical cohort of patients without previous history of diabetes who presented with moderate to severe COVID-19 and were found to have hyperglycemia (random blood glucose > 140 mg/dL) at the time of admission. We evaluated the need for antidiabetic therapy in these patients at the end of 6 months and the risk factors associated with persistent hyperglycemia determined by monthly values of self-monitored blood glucose. Of the seventy participants who were followed telephonically, 54 (77%) continued to receive antidiabetic therapy or have persistent hyperglycemia (> 140 mg/dL) at the end of 6 months. Persistent hyperglycemia at the end of follow-up, was found to be associated with a higher blood glucose at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Goel
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Raizada
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Amitesh Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - SV Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ananya Agrawal
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Vikash Mahla
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Goel
- Department of Medicine, Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
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Bansal L, Goel A, Agarwal A, Sharma R, Kar R, Raizada A, Wason R, Gera R. Frailty and chronic kidney disease: associations and implications. J Bras Nefrol 2023; 45:401-409. [PMID: 37071821 PMCID: PMC10726667 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0117en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frailty and its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been established previously. The present study examined this association further by studying the distribution of frailty among groups defined by different stages of the disease. It also identified associated health deficits and explored their association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 90 non-dialysis dependent CKD Stage 1-4 patients, recruited in three stratified groups of 30 participants each based on the stage of disease. Frailty was assessed using Fried's frailty criteria and associated health deficits were recorded using a pre-determined list. Depression was screened using a 4-point depression scale. RESULTS 21.1% of the participants were frail and 43.3% were pre-frail. The proportion of frailty in CKD groups A (Stages 1 and 2), B (Stage 3a), and C (Stages 3b and 4) was 10%, 13.3%, and 40%, respectively. The association of health deficits including co-morbidities, physical parameters, mental status, daily activities, etc. with UACR, eGFR, and CKD stages was not statistically significant. Nearly one in two frail participants was depressed compared with 14% among non-frail participants. CONCLUSION The skewed distribution of 21% frail subjects identified in our study indicates an association between frailty and advancing kidney disease. Frail individuals had a lower eGFR, higher UACR, were more likely to be depressed, and had higher count of health deficits and poorer performance on Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living and WHOQOL. Early identification of depression would improve care in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luv Bansal
- Max Super Speciality Hospital Vaishali, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashish Goel
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Amitesh Agarwal
- University College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- University College of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- University College of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Raizada
- University College of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, New Delhi, India
| | - Rhea Wason
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Raghav Gera
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Almeida EA, Mehndiratta M, Madhu SV, Kar R, Puri D. PINK1 and oxidative stress in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108542. [PMID: 37354803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare mRNA [messenger RNA] expression of PINK1 in whole blood and the levels of biomarkers of Oxidative Stress (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] content & Total Antioxidant status [TAS]) in newly diagnosed lean and obese patients with T2DM. METHODS Newly diagnosed patients of T2DM were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each, lean (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2). mRNA expression of PINK1 & mtDNA content was measured by real time PCR. Serum TAS was measured using a commercially available kit. RESULTS There was a 1.78-fold decrease in mRNA expression of PINK1 in obese group compared to the lean group. Mean mtDNA content was 300.82 ± 169.66 in the obese group and 332.78 ± 147.07 in the lean group (p = 0.06). Mean levels of TAS was 5.39 ± 2.28 μM Trolox Equivalents in the obese group and 3.85 ± 3.33 μM Trolox Equivalents in the lean group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The T2DM patient with obesity had greater OS than the lean patients. Thus, there is a compensatory increase in antioxidants in obese patients with T2DM. Our findings also suggest that decreased levels of PINK1 in obese group are unable to protect the mitochondria against OS leading to decreased mtDNA content. Does it also result in beta cell dysfunction or contribute to insulin resistance in obese patients with T2DM needs to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edelbert Anthonio Almeida
- MD (Biochemistry), Senior Resident, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Mehndiratta
- MD (Biochemistry), Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - S V Madhu
- DM (Endocrinology), Professor, Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- MD (Biochemistry), Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Puri
- MD (Biochemistry), Director Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Surampudi U, Bhavar P, Sarma P, Kshirsagar A, Kar R. KRASG12C Inhibitor, VRTX126 in combination with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, leads to pronounced and effective response in G12C-mutated cancers. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Almeida EA, Mehndiratta M, Madhu SV, Kar R, Puri D. Differential Expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling and Interferon Gamma in Lean and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 20:e122553. [PMID: 36407028 PMCID: PMC9661543 DOI: 10.5812/ijem-122553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The model of obesity-induced insulin resistance has long been used to explain the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2), but this model failed to explain the development of the disease in lean individuals (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2). Defects in the insulin signaling pathway have been postulated to play a role in these patients, particularly in suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, which are involved in the downregulation of insulin transduction. The expression of SOCS is also known to be induced by cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ). It is still not clear whether these pathways operate differently in lean versus obese patients with T2DM. Therefore, this pilot study was designed to study the expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, and IFN-γ in lean and obese patients with T2DM. OBJECTIVES The levels of IFN-γ in serum and the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of SOCS (SOCS1 and SOCS3) and IFN-γ genes in whole blood in lean and obese patients with T2DM. METHODS Sixty newly diagnosed T2DM patients (not on any pharmacotherapy) were enrolled and divided into 2 groups of lean (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2) patients (n = 30 per group). Serum IFN-γ was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and mRNA expression of IFN-γ, SOCS1, and SOCS3 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the ∆∆ Ct method. RESULTS Serum IFN-γ levels were 10.83 ± 5.81 pg/mL in the lean group and 9.35 ± 5.14 pg/mL in the obese group (P = 0.02). Fasting serum insulin levels were 16.07 ± 8.39 µIU/mL in the lean group and 27.11 ± 4 .91 µIU/mL in the obese group (P = 0.001). There was a 3.16-fold increase in mRNA expression of IFN-γ and a 1.3-fold increase in mRNA expression of SOCS1 in the lean group compared to the obese group. mRNA expression of SOCS3 was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The level of IFN-γ increased at both transcriptional and translational levels, and mRNA expression of SOCS1 was higher in the lean group than in the obese group. The SOCS protein is a known negative regulator in insulin signaling pathways. Thus, our findings and available scientific literature suggest that IFN-γ might impair the insulin signaling pathway to a greater extent in lean patients than in obese patients via induction of SOCS1. This signaling pathway could be a major contributing factor to hyperglycemia in lean patients with T2DM compared with obese counterparts. This suggests that different therapeutic approaches to these groups might be of greater benefit in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edelbert Anthonio Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Mehndiratta
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Corresponding Author: Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - S V Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Puri
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Gulfishan S, Halder S, Kar R, Srivastava S, Gupta R. Association of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with efficacy of the antidepressant drugs sertraline and mirtazapine in newly diagnosed patients with major depressive disorders. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2833. [PMID: 35089613 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association of serotonin receptor transporter gene polymorphism in patients with MDD with the clinical efficacy of mirtazapine (MZ) and sertraline (ST). METHOD Newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, 80 MDD patients (aged 18-45) diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria and with Beck's depression inventory score (BDI) score ≥21 were included and randomly divided into two groups of 40 participants and were administered MZ 15-45 mg/day or ST 25-200 mg/day respectively. Patients were followed up for 6 weeks for evaluation of BDI scores. Genotypic evaluation was done and three allele variants were identified based on the polymerase chain reaction fragment sizes: short (S; 486 bp), long (L; 529 bp), or extralong (XL; 612 or 654 bp) and classified into five genotypes: S/S,S/L, L/L, S/XL, and L/XL. RESULT We found that 32.5% patients belonged to the S/S genotype, suggesting that individuals with the SS genotype are at higher risk of developing MDD. No statistically significant association was seen with ST or MZ groups on the basis of genotypes. Clinically significant improvement was observed with a more than 50% reduction in BDI scores at 6 weeks of treatment with both drugs. CONCLUSION Identification of risk population can be carried out by genotype testing. Prior genotyping in MDD patients might help to predict a better clinical outcome with antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Gulfishan
- Departments of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru TegBahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumita Halder
- Departments of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru TegBahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Departments of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Srivastava
- Departments of Psychiatry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Gupta
- Departments of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru TegBahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Janjanam L, Saha SK, Kar R, Mandal D. Volterra filter modelling of non-linear system using Artificial Electric Field algorithm assisted Kalman filter and its experimental evaluation. ISA Trans 2022; 125:614-630. [PMID: 33012536 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to improve the identification efficiency of non-linear systems using the Kalman filter (KF), which is optimised with the Artificial Electric Field (AEF) algorithm. The conventional KF suffers from the proper tuning of its parameters, which leads to a divergence problem. This issue has been solved to a great extent by the meta-heuristic AEF algorithm assisted Kalman filter (AEF-KF). This paper proposes three steps for the identification of the systems while solving the problem as mentioned above. Firstly, it converts the identification model to a measurement problem. Next, the AEF algorithm optimises the KF parameters by considering the fitness function with the KF equations. The third step is to identify the model using conventional KF algorithm with the optimised KF parameters. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, parameter estimation error, mean squared error (MSE), fitness (FIT) percentage, statistical information and percentage improvement are considered as the performance metrics. To validate the performance of the proposed method, five distinct non-linear models are identified with the Volterra model using KF and the AEF-KF techniques under various noisy input conditions. Besides, the practical applicability of the proposed approach is also tested on two non-linear benchmark systems using experimental data sets. The obtained simulation results confirm the efficacy and robustness of the proposed identification method in terms of the convergence speed, computational time and various performance metrics as compared to KF, Kalman smoother (KS) which is optimised using different state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms and also other existing recently reported similar types of stochastic algorithms based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Janjanam
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
| | - S K Saha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - R Kar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - D Mandal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
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Pippal N, Halder S, Srivastava S, Kar R, Gupta R, Anthonio AE. Correlation between telomere length and efficacy of oral and long-acting injectable antipsychotics on severity and cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 26:157-164. [PMID: 34715000 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1994613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between telomere length (TL) and long-acting injectable (LAI) and oral atypical antipsychotic (OAA) efficacy on schizophrenia (SCZ) severity and cognitive impairment. METHODS Sixty Schizophrenia patients of 18-50 years and of either sex were included in a 12-week study. Thirty patients were recruited in each group, LAI and OAA. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS) neuropsychological battery tests were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks. TL was estimated at baseline. RESULTS Both groups showed a significant improvement in PANSS and NIMHANS battery test scores after treatment (p < 0.001) within the group, though not between the groups. Mean TL at baseline was 407.58 ± 143.93 and 443.40 ± 178.46 in LAI and OAA groups respectively. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.28, p = 0.03) of TL was seen with the mean change in negative PANSS score after treatment. CONCLUSIONS LAI antipsychotics are similar to OAA in decreasing the disorder severity and improving the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Also, patients who have shorter TL show greater improvement in the negative PANSS score. Hence, TL holds the potential of predicting antipsychotic drug response in schizophrenia patients.KEY POINTSLong-acting injectable antipsychotic was comparable to oral atypical antipsychotics in bringing out improvement in disorder severity, cognitive functions over 12 weeks.Shorter telomere length has been found to be associated with a greater response in negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Pippal
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Almeida Edelbert Anthonio
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Yadav S, Saha S, Kar R, Mandal D. EEG/ERP signal enhancement through an optimally tuned adaptive filter based on marine predators algorithm. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nagar V, Kar R, Pansare-Godambe L, Chand N, Bute A, Bhale D, Rao AVSSN, Shashidhar R, Maiti N. Evaluation of Virucidal Efficacy of Cold Plasma on Bacteriophage Inside a Three-Layered Sterilization Chamber. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 2022; 42:1115-1126. [PMCID: PMC9207833 DOI: 10.1007/s11090-022-10269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional disinfection methods against pathogens have numerous shortcomings, and inventive methods like cold plasma are required for virus inactivation. Here, an atmospheric pressure 13.56 MHz radio-frequency hollow cathode (RF–HC) cold plasma device has been used to build a cold plasma sterilization device, and its virucidal activity is assessed against P2 bacteriophage, a model surrogate for pathogenic viruses. The heart of this device contains a three-layered sterilization chamber which is a rectangular parallelopiped of 42 × 32 × 30 cm3. Optimization experiments were performed to make each corner of this chamber completely virus free after cold plasma treatment. This two-pronged study was conducted to establish the requirement of minimum vol. % H2O2 in minimum time for the complete elimination of phages inside this sterilization chamber even when plasma is not in the direct line of sight. In initial experiments, the effect of the direct plasma line of sight was seen as the top and bottom layers showing less phage killing as compared to the middle of the sterilization chamber. Complete sterilization of bacteriophage, in all the three layers inside the sterilization chamber, was achieved by plasma treatment with 6% H2O2 for 10 min in 80 watts of plasma operating power. It was also seen that 6% H2O2 mist alone is not sufficient to provide a high degree of sterilization, and normal water mist combined with cold plasma can provide a higher level of sterilization at each corner of the chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Nagar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094 India
| | - R. Kar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094 India
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - L. Pansare-Godambe
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - N. Chand
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - A. Bute
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - D. Bhale
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094 India
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
| | - A. V. S. S. N. Rao
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094 India
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094 India
| | - R. Shashidhar
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094 India
| | - Namita Maiti
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094 India
- Laser and Plasma Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 India
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Mehndiratta M, Gupta B, Kar R, Garg S, Anthonio AE, Kumari R, Suneja A, Puri D. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Insufficiency in Pregnant Indian Women and the Development of Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membranes. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2021; 71:649-650. [PMID: 34898908 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-021-01526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Mehndiratta
- Department of Biochemistry, UCMS & GTBH, 2nd Floor, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Bindiya Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UCMS & GTBH, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, UCMS & GTBH, 2nd Floor, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Seema Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, UCMS & GTBH, 2nd Floor, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095 India
| | | | - Rupa Kumari
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UCMS & GTBH, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Suneja
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UCMS & GTBH, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Puri
- Department of Biochemistry, UCMS & GTBH, 2nd Floor, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, 110095 India
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Labh R, Gupta R, Narang M, Halder S, Kar R. Effect of valproate and add-on levetiracetam on inflammatory biomarkers in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 125:108358. [PMID: 34717170 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary research indicates the role of neuroinflammation/inflammatory markers in epilepsy. In addition, comorbidities such as anxiety and poor health-related quality of life are vital concerns in clinical care of pediatric patients with epilepsy. This open-label, prospective, observational study evaluated the effect of valproate and add-on levetiracetam on serum levels of C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in pediatric patients with epilepsy. We also studied effect of valproate and add-on levetiracetam on anxiety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in specified age subgroups. METHODS Children aged 1 to 12 years, diagnosed with epilepsy (generalized or focal seizures), treated with valproate (n = 40) and valproate with add-on levetiracetam (n = 40) were included. All patients were followed up for 16 weeks and assessed for changes in serum CCL2 and IL-1β levels. Spence Children Anxiety Scale short version (SCAS-S) and QOLCE-16 scales were used to measure anxiety and HRQoL, respectively, in specific age groups. RESULTS The serum CCL2 level decreased significantly (p < .001) from 327.95 ± 59.07 pg/ml to 207.02 ± 41.50 pg/ml in the valproate group and from 420.65 ± 83.72 pg/ml to 250.06 ± 46.05 pg/ml in the add-on levetiracetam group. Serum IL-1β level did not change significantly in both groups. Spence Children Anxiety Scale short version scores were decreased and QOLCE-16 scores were increased significantly (p < .001) in both valproate and add-on levetiracetam groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that valproate and levetiracetam led to decrease serum CCL2 levels without any change in serum IL-1β levels in children with epilepsy. Anti-inflammatory property of valproate and levetiracetam might underlie their antiepileptic effect and CCL2 could be a potential marker of drug efficacy in epilepsy. Also, valproate and levetiracetam reduced anxiety and improved quality of life in children with epilepsy in the age groups evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpushpa Labh
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manish Narang
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Halder S, Kar R, Chakraborty S, Banerjee BD. Chromium Exposure in Late Gestation Period Caused Increased Levels of Cr in Brain Tissue: Association with Alteration of Activity and Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes of F1 and F2 Generation Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2635-2643. [PMID: 32892319 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromium is a micronutrient which has found frequent use as supplements during pregnancy and could have a role in altering the antioxidant status in the brain. The present study was undertaken to estimate chromium levels in the brain, antioxidant enzyme activity with their gene expression, and learning and memory parameters on F1 and F2 generation mice when the F0 was exposed to chromium. The chromium levels in the brain were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The enzyme activity of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) was estimated and their gene expression was evaluated using RT-PCR. The spatial memory was tested using Morris water maze. The learning and recall memory was tested using the step down latency paradigm. The chromium levels were significantly raised in animals treated with Cr per se in F1 generation and quercetin cotreatment reduced the Cr levels in brain significantly. The enzyme activity of GST was significantly less in Cr-treated animals of both generations and this effect was significantly reversed on cotreatment with quercetin. The gene expression of GST matched the enzyme activity. However, catalase activity did not show significant decrease with Cr but cotreatment with quercetin resulted in significant decrease compared with control and this effect was not matched by its gene expression. We observed no significant change in learning and memory parameters in both generations following Cr exposure. Thus, this study demonstrates that chromium exposure in gestation causes changes in enzyme activity especially GST and this change was matched by change in gene expression in GST but not CAT. There was no effect on memory at the given dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Sucharita Chakraborty
- Geological Oceanographic Division, National Institute of Oceanograhy, Panaji, Goa, India
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
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Aggarwal A, Kumar A, Sharma R, Goel A, Kar R, Avasthi R, Gupta AK. Physical Frailty Phenotype and Depression are Associated with More Severe Disease in Older Subjects Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Niger J Clin Pract 2020; 23:1711-1720. [PMID: 33355825 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The primary objective was to determine the occurrence of frailty in elderly patients presenting with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The secondary objective was to study the association between the deficits in health with the severity of ACS at presentation among them. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in the Departments of Medicine, Community Medicine and Biochemistry in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Delhi, India between November 2014 and April 2016. Patients (≥60 years age) presenting with any one of the spectra of ACS (STEMI, UA, NSTEMI) and giving informed written consent were assessed for frailty and health deficits using questionnaires. ACS assessed by ECG within 24 h and other relevant investigations. Appropriate statistical tests of significance like the Chi-square test were used and correlation coefficients were analyzed. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Seven risk factors apart from old age were studied, in which smoking and dyslipidemia played a major role. 44% of the subjects were frail with the range of frailty scores between 3 and 5. Every one-unit increase in hemoglobin was associated with a reduction in the odds (OR 0.72) for being frail. No association was noted between the severity of ACS and established risk factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes, family history of CAD, increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia, and male gender. On multivariable linear regression, presence of frailty and depression were associated with severe disease. Conclusions Nearly one in two patients presenting with ACS were found frail. Depression and frailty were associated with poorer ejection fraction and severe disease. Correction of anemia and improvement of low-normal hemoglobin levels could reduce frailty and in-turn improve outcomes in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A Goel
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Avasthi
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Agarwal R, Goyal P, Mohta M, Kar R. Comparison of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Sepsis in Obstetrics Score (SOS) in Women with Pregnancy-Associated Sepsis with Respect to Critical Care Admission and Mortality: A Prospective Observational Study. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2020; 71:45-51. [PMID: 33814798 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-020-01375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to determine performance of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and Sepsis in Obstetrics Score (SOS), in women with pregnancy-associated sepsis (PAS) with respect to critical care admission and mortality. Methods Obstetric patients with PAS fulfilling any 2 of the quick SOFA (qSOFA) criteria were enrolled as cases. The various parameters of SOFA and SOS were recorded at admission and compared for outcomes. Results Critical care was required in 32 (50.7%) patients and associated mortality was high (31.7%). For our study population, a threshold of SOFA ≥ 6 had the best combination of sensitivity (84.4%) and specificity (61.3%) for critical care admission. For SOS, a cut-off value of ≥ 6 gave best sensitivity (64%) and specificity (40%) for the same. Conclusions SOFA was far more predictive of patient's critical condition as well as mortality compared to SOS. SOFA was superior to SOS in determining critical care admission and mortality for PAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Penzy Goyal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Medha Mohta
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
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Chakraborty P, Jayachandran S, Padalkar P, Sitlhou L, Chakraborty S, Kar R, Bhaumik S, Srivastava M. Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) from Vehicular Emission Could Increase the COVID-19 Pandemic Fatality in India: A Perspective. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 105:198-204. [PMID: 32671411 PMCID: PMC7363019 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The corona virus-2019 (COVID-19) is ravaging the whole world. Scientists have been trying to acquire more knowledge on different aspects of COVID-19. This study attempts to determine the effects of COVID-19, on a large population, which has already been persistently exposed to various atmospheric pollutants in different parts of India. Atmospheric pollutants and COVID-19 data, obtained from online resources, were used in this study. This study has shown strong positive correlation between the concentration of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and both the absolute number of COVID-19 deaths (r = 0.79, p < 0.05) and case fatality rate (r = 0.74, p < 0.05) in India. Statistical analysis of the amount of annual fossil fuels consumption in transportation, and the annual average concentration of the atmospheric PM2.5, PM10, NO2, in the different states of India, suggest that one of the main sources of atmospheric NO2 is from fossil fuels combustion in transportation. It is suggested that homeless, poverty-stricken Indians, hawkers, roadside vendors, and many others who are regularly exposed to vehicular exhaust, may be at a higher risk in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathi Chakraborty
- The Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Saranya Jayachandran
- The Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Prasad Padalkar
- The Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Lamjahao Sitlhou
- The Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Sucharita Chakraborty
- Department of Geology And Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Swastika Bhaumik
- The Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Medhavi Srivastava
- The Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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Goyal P, Agarwal R, Srivastava H, Kar R, Sikka M, Mohta M. Serial Serum Lactic Acid in Pregnancy-Associated Sepsis for Maternal Outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2020; 70:342-348. [PMID: 33041550 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-020-01348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To correlate serial monitoring of lactic acid in pregnancy-associated sepsis (PAS) subjects with maternal prognosis. Methods All pregnant, post-abortal (2 weeks) and postpartum women with suspected sepsis fulfilling any 2 of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment criteria were considered as cases. Lactic acid was measured at 0, 24 and 48 h of admission, and lactate clearance was calculated. Results The mean value of lactic acid was significantly higher in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) group than the Non-ICU group at 0, 24, and 48 h with values being (6.00 ± 2.46 mmol/l vs 3.25 ± 1.92 mmol/l), (4.44 ± 2.24 mmol/l vs 2.91 ± 1.77 mmol/l) and (5.65 ± 2.91 mmol/l vs 2.99 ± 1.93 mmol/l), respectively. Lactic acid in the survivor group was significantly lower as compared to the mortality group (3.79 ± 0.32 mmol/l vs 7.3 ± 0.56 mmol/l). A cut-off of 3.8 mmol/l with area under the curve of 0.814 has a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 68% for predicting ICU admission. The mean lactate clearance was 46% in cases who survived and 22.5% in cases who had mortality. When lactate clearance was 60%, no mortality was seen, whereas when there was 100% rise in lactic acid, they all had mortality. Conclusion The mean lactic acid at 0, 24 and 48 hours was significantly higher in the ICU group as compared to the Non-ICU group. Serum lactic acid at zero hours of the presentation was significantly higher in ICU cases. Lactate clearance (fall) helps to prognosticate as fall of ≥ 60% lactic acid level is associated with 100% survival, whereas a rise of 100% in serum lactic acid is associated with 100% mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penzy Goyal
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, UCMS, ED-9C Madhuban Chowk, Pitampura, New Delhi, Delhi 110088 India
| | - Rachna Agarwal
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, UCMS, ED-9C Madhuban Chowk, Pitampura, New Delhi, Delhi 110088 India
| | - Himsweta Srivastava
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, UCMS, ED-9C Madhuban Chowk, Pitampura, New Delhi, Delhi 110088 India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, UCMS, New Delhi, Delhi India
| | - Meera Sikka
- Department of Pathology, UCMS, New Delhi, Delhi India
| | - Medha Mohta
- Department of Anaesthesia, UCMS, New Delhi, Delhi India
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Kar R, Chand N, Bute A, Maiti N, Rao AVSSN, Nagar V, Shashidhar R, Patil DS, Ghosh SK, Sharma A. Cold Plasma: Clean Technology to Destroy Pathogenic Micro-organisms. Trans Indian Natl Acad Eng 2020; 5:327-331. [PMID: 38624412 PMCID: PMC7305861 DOI: 10.1007/s41403-020-00133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure cold plasma is a promising technology in fighting pathogenic micro-organisms. In times of Covid-19 pandemic, it was decided to modify two types of cold plasma devices to study their effectiveness in the killing of pathogenic micro-organisms. These studies have shown that both the devices are efficient in this purpose. While pencil like microwave based device can destroy Aeromonas bacteria and its bacteriophage from 6 cm distance in 2 min, the larger (~ 40 cm2) RF plasma based device could do the similar killing ability for the larger possible area in 4 min. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) studies revealed that both these devices produce OH radicals which helped in the destruction of both bacteria and its bacteriophage. With suitable modifications, these devices, especially the larger area device may even be implemented for the elimination of Covid-19 affected wards of hospital without using any sensitive chemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kar
- Beam Technology and Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - N. Chand
- Beam Technology and Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
| | - A. Bute
- Beam Technology and Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - Namita Maiti
- Beam Technology and Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - A. V. S. S. Narayan Rao
- Bio Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - V. Nagar
- Bio Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - R. Shashidhar
- Bio Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - D. S. Patil
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India
| | - S. K. Ghosh
- Bio Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
| | - A. Sharma
- Beam Technology and Development Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094 India
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Halder S, Kar R, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya SK, Mediratta PK, Banerjee BD. Cadmium level in brain correlates with memory impairment in F1 and F2 generation mice: improvement with quercetin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:9632-9639. [PMID: 30734250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increased exposure to cadmium (Cd) through environmental pollutants, food and cigarette smoke is a concern worldwide. The association of Cd with impaired learning disabilities led us to hypothesise that cadmium levels in brain tissue could be dose-dependently related to the extent of memory impairment and oxidative stress. In this study, we proposed to study whether cadmium exposure to dams could alter the brain Cd levels, memory parameters, antioxidant enzymes in brain and their gene expression in the F1-F2 generation mice and whether quercetin could modulate this effect. Animals were administered Cd alone and in combination with quercetin for 7 days during their gestation period. Their newborn pups (F1 and F2 mice) were reared until adulthood and were tested for memory using Morris water maze and step-down latency test. The brain tissue of F1 mice was collected. Cd levels were estimated using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. G-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity were measured and fold increase in their respective gene expression was observed using the RT-PCR method. Cd levels were significantly increased in the brain tissue of animals exposed to Cd but cotreatment with quercetin showed decreased levels in both generations. Memory impairment was observed in animals of F1 generation exposed to Cd and cotreatment with quercetin (100 mg/kg) reversed this effect. Cd exposure significantly enhanced both activity and expression of GST and CAT in the brain tissue of F1 generation mice and quercetin attenuated this effect. In F2 generation, results were variable. GST activity and expression increased with Cd and decreased with quercetin cotreatment. However, CAT activity showed no significant change despite a decrease in gene expression. Quercetin cotreatment enhanced activity as well gene expression in F2 generation. Our study insinuates that Cd levels could act as a predictor of memory impairment and altered enzyme activity and gene expression in brain tissue. Quercetin helped to reduce Cd levels in brain tissue of F1 and F2 generation and modulated the antioxidant system of the cell by affecting expression of antioxidant enzymes at the transcription level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | | | - Swapan K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Pramod K Mediratta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
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Halder S, Kar R, Chandra N, Nimesh A, Mehta AK, Bhattacharya SK, Mediratta PK, Banerjee BD. Alteration in cognitive behaviour, brain antioxidant enzyme activity and their gene expression in F1 generation mice, following Cd exposure during the late gestation period: modulation by quercetin. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1935-1943. [PMID: 30069621 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether in-utero Cd(II) chloride exposure of the dams between 14th to 21st day of gestation affects memory and learning, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity and their gene expression in brain of the pups in their adulthood. In the Morris water maze, cadmium (Cd) exposure impaired spatial memory which was reversed following co-treatment with quercetin (100 mg/kg). In the passive avoidance paradigm, retention memory was adversely affected but was significantly reversed by co treatment with quercetin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg). The malondialdehyde and catalase (CAT) levels and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity were increased significantly in Cd-treated group, but were reversed by quercetin (all doses). The gene expression for CAT and GST in brain tissue of Cd treated animals also increased many folds as compared to the control, and this effect was decreased on co-treatment with quercetin (all doses), thus matching with the respective enzyme activities. Quercetin (25 mg/kg) when co-treated with Cd caused a decrease in GST activity compared to control, which points towards a complex interplay with oxidative free radicals and promoters and transcription factors. Thus, Cd exposure during late gestation causes impaired spatial and retention memory in the next generation which may be due to alteration of activity as well as gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes, CAT and GST. Quercetin may offer some protection of memory impairment probably by modulating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Nilesh Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Archana Nimesh
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Ashish K Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Pramod K Mediratta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
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Agarwal R, Chaudhary S, Kar R, Radhakrishnan G, Tandon A. Prediction of preeclampsia in primigravida in late first trimester using serum placental growth factor alone and by combination model. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2017; 37:877-882. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1309367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur, Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur, Delhi, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur, Delhi, India
| | - Gita Radhakrishnan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur, Delhi, India
| | - Anupama Tandon
- Department of Radiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur, Delhi, India
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Kar R, Sharma C, Sen S, Jain SK, Gupta SD, Singh N. Response of primary culture of human ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy: In vitro individualized therapy. J Cancer Res Ther 2017; 12:1050-5. [PMID: 27461697 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.161937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study focused on whether primary cultures of ovarian cancer (OC) cells established from ascites can be used to evaluate response to chemotherapeutic agents and if curcumin could enhance the efficacy of these agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established five primary cultures of ascitic cells from OC patients and treated them with curcumin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel singly and in combinations. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS There was a wide variation in the response of individual primary cultures to treatment with the chemotherapeutic agents. Curcumin by itself was as good as carboplatin or paclitaxel in inducing apoptosis in the primary OC cells. Curcumin was not able to affect the carboplatin mediated cell killing. However, a combination of curcumin and paclitaxel was additive and was equally effective as a combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel. A combination of curcumin carboplatin, and paclitaxel was also found to be additive and, in fact, turned out to be the best combination that gave the highest percentage of apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSION This study highlights the fact that primary cultures of OC cells can be used to detect response to chemotherapeutic agents and help to individualize the treatment offered to OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudip Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunesh Kumar Jain
- Department of Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Neeta Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Maji KB, Kar R, Mandal D, Ghoshal SP. Optimal design of low power high gain and high speed CMOS circuits using fish swarm optimization algorithm. INT J MACH LEARN CYB 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13042-016-0606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Halder S, Kar R, Mehta AK, Bhattacharya SK, Mediratta PK, Banerjee BD. Quercetin Modulates the Effects of Chromium Exposure on Learning, Memory and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in F1 Generation Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:391-398. [PMID: 26521059 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether chromium (Cr) administered to the dams (F0) during lactation period could affect memory and oxidative stress in F1 generation mice in their adulthood and whether quercetin could modulate these effects. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test for spatial memory. Passive avoidance task and elevated plus maze were used to test for acquisition and retention memory. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in the brain tissue. The results of MWM showed that the animals in the Cr-treated group compared to control have better spatial memory that was further enhanced when Cr was administered along with quercetin (50 mg/kg). The elevated plus maze test also showed the Cr-treated group to improve acquisition as well as retention memory compared to control. Co-treatment with quercetin (all doses) also exhibited enhanced acquisition and retention memory compared to control. The passive avoidance task demonstrated no significant improvement in memory in the Cr-treated mice but co-treatment with quercetin (100 mg/kg) showed improved acquisition memory compared to control which was significantly better than the animals treated with chromium alone. GST activity was significantly increased in the Cr-treated animals, and this was further increased in groups treated with Cr and quercetin (all doses). Chromium when administered alone and in combination with quercetin (all doses) significantly reduced MDA levels. However, Cr treatment did not show significant change in catalase activity. Nevertheless, co-treatment with quercetin (25 and 50 mg/kg) resulted in significant decrease in catalase activity. Thus, our study demonstrates that Cr exposure during lactation could be beneficial for pups with respect to augmentation of cognitive function and reduction of oxidative stress. Quercetin could probably enhance this effect to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Ashish K Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Swapan K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Pramod K Mediratta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
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Kumaravel S, Bharath K, Rajesh NG, Singh R, Kar R. Delay and misdiagnosis of basidiobolomycosis in tropical South India: case series and review of the literature. Paediatr Int Child Health 2016; 36:52-7. [PMID: 26825223 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2015.1109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Basidiobolomycosis caused by Basidiobolus ranarum is a rare infection of the subcutaneous tissues in immune-competent patients which occurs predominantly in children and young adults. Primary physicians often misdiagnose the condition owing to its slow, painless, relentless growth, absence of response to antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs and unfamiliarity with this lesion. All cases of subcutaneous basidiobolomycosis in children aged between 1 and 12 years presenting at a tertiary hospital in Pondicherry over a period of 4 years (2007-2011) were analysed. Eight cases were seen and confirmed by histopathology and microbiology. Referral diagnoses varied widely from chronic abscess to tuberculosis to malignancy, including testicular tumour. Lesion sites include the gluteal region, thigh and scrotum (extremely rare). Four weeks of oral itraconazole in seven children and fluconazole (5 mg/kg) in one cured them completely. During follow-up for over 1 year, no recurrence or new lesions were noted. Basidiobolomycosis is a rare, often misdiagnosed infection in children which responds well to triazole antifungals such as itraconazole and fluconazole.
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Garg S, Malik P, Kar R, Sankar V, Mehndiratta M. Expression of Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 enzyme in medical undergraduate students with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2016; 10:S21-S24. [PMID: 26460076 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MS) and atherosclerosis are chronic inflammatory conditions. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) is a circulatory marker of systemic inflammation and a risk predictor for cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to evaluate the expression of this enzyme in an effort to understand the underlying mechanism of atherosclerosis in MS. METHODS This study included twenty patients of MS and same number of healthy controls. Anthropometry and clinical examination were carried out in both groups. Real time PCR was performed for LpPLA2 mRNA and relative expression was calculated using ΔΔCT method keeping β2 microglobin and β-actin as internal controls. RESULTS LpPLA2 mRNA expression was higher in patients of MS. Fold change was 5.7 when β2 microglobin was used as normaliser and 4.97 when β-actin was used. mRNA levels of LpPLA2 correlated significantly with waist circumference (r=0.462, p=0.003) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.392, p=0.015) as well as high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.453, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS High expression of LpPLA2 mRNA indicates that systemic inflammation has role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients of MS. This is evident from its direct correlation with blood pressure. The study also suggests that expression of LpPLA2 may be associated with obesity. Therefore, LpPLA2 mRNA expression levels may develop as an important risk predictor for vascular complications in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India.
| | - Pranav Malik
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India.
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India.
| | - Vidya Sankar
- University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India.
| | - Mohit Mehndiratta
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India.
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Ghosh SK, Rudra O, Kar R, Ghosh A, Agarwal M. A curious case of blue-green discoloration in a middle-aged indian man: Chromhidrosis. Dermatol Online J 2015; 21:13030/qt5jj4859x. [PMID: 26632933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chromhidrosis is a rare sweat gland disorder characterized by the excretion of colored sweat. It can be classified as apocrine, true eccrine, and pseudochromhidrosis. Amongst the different types of chromhidrosis, green chromhidrosis is extremely rare. We describe herein a case of blue green chromhidrosis induced by ingestion of homeopathic medicine. CASE REPORT A middle aged man presented to us with blue green discoloration of hands and feet. There was a preceding history of ingestion of homeopathic medication. Histopathology from the involved skin showed greenish particles within eccrine glands. Initial blood copper level was high which returned to normal level after discontinuation of the homeopathic medicine. Spectrophotometry revealed high copper content of the green sweat. CONCLUSION Our case emphasizes the importance of considering any type of ingested medicine, including homeopathic medicine, as a probable cause of chromhidrosis.
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Pal PS, Kar R, Mandal D, Ghoshal SP. An efficient identification approach for stable and unstable nonlinear systems using Colliding Bodies Optimization algorithm. ISA Trans 2015; 59:85-104. [PMID: 26362314 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an efficient approach to identify different stable and practically useful Hammerstein models as well as unstable nonlinear process along with its stable closed loop counterpart with the help of an evolutionary algorithm as Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) optimization algorithm. The performance measures of the CBO based optimization approach such as precision, accuracy are justified with the minimum output mean square value (MSE) which signifies that the amount of bias and variance in the output domain are also the least. It is also observed that the optimization of output MSE in the presence of outliers has resulted in a very close estimation of the output parameters consistently, which also justifies the effective general applicability of the CBO algorithm towards the system identification problem and also establishes the practical usefulness of the applied approach. Optimum values of the MSEs, computational times and statistical information of the MSEs are all found to be the superior as compared with those of the other existing similar types of stochastic algorithms based approaches reported in different recent literature, which establish the robustness and efficiency of the applied CBO based identification scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha S Pal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - R Kar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
| | - D Mandal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - S P Ghoshal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
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Halder S, Kar R, Galav V, Mehta AK, Bhattacharya SK, Mediratta PK, Banerjee BD. Cadmium exposure during lactation causes learning and memory-impairment in F1 generation mice: amelioration by quercetin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:272-8. [PMID: 26446883 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known pollutant present in the environment at low levels and is reported to affect reproduction in many ways. The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of Cd in F1 generation mice on cognitive parameters, and to further investigate whether quercetin could modulate these effects. In this study, female lactating mice were exposed to cadmium for seven days just after delivery. The new born pups in their adulthood were tested for learning and memory parameters by passive avoidance task and Morris water maze (MWM) test. It was observed that pups exposed to Cd showed significant impairment of memory in step down latency test, which was reversed by quercetin (100 mg/kg). In MWM test for spatial memory, animals exposed to Cd exhibited increased escape latency, which was reversed by quercetin (50 mg/kg) significantly. Quercetin alone (50 and 100 mg/kg) also demonstrated improved spatial memory, and showed improved retention memory in the passive avoidance paradigm at dose 50 mg/kg. On testing oxidative stress parameters, we observed significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in brain tissue of Cd-treated mice. Moreover, co-treatment with quercetin (50 mg/kg) and Cd significantly reduced these MDA levels. The other doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) also showed reduction in MDA levels as compared to the group exposed to Cd alone, though the difference was not statistically significant. Hence, this study highlights the possibility of cognitive impairment in adulthood if there is Cd exposure during lactation and oxidative stress could possibly attribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- a Department of Pharmacology , University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- b Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Vikas Galav
- c Central Animal House, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Ashish K Mehta
- d Department of Pharmacology , Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi , India , and
| | - Swapan K Bhattacharya
- a Department of Pharmacology , University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Pramod K Mediratta
- e Department of Pharmacology , School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University , Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- b Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
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Mallick S, Kar R, Mandal D, Ghoshal S. CMOS analogue amplifier circuits optimisation using hybrid backtracking search algorithm with differential evolution. J EXP THEOR ARTIF IN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/0952813x.2015.1042533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kar R, Palanichamy JK, Banerjee A, Chattopadhyay P, Jain SK, Singh N. Survivin siRNA increases sensitivity of primary cultures of ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17:737-42. [PMID: 26033427 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This aim of this study was to use ovarian cancer cells shed in ascitic fluid to establish primary cultures and subsequently use it to detect drug resistance to paclitaxel. Survivin siRNA was used to down regulate survivin expression and effect on paclitaxel resistance was also evaluated. METHODOLOGY Ascitic fluid along with corresponding primary tumor tissue was collected from twenty untreated epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Ten primary cultures were established from ascites obtained from untreated ovarian cancer patients in MCDB 105 and M199 medium (ratio 1:1). Knockdown of survivin was done using siRNA and sensitivity to paclitaxel was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS Grape-like clusters of ovarian cancer cells present in ascites attached and gave a characteristic cobble stone appearance. Treatment with survivin siRNA resulted in a fivefold decrease in survivin expression in primary cultures. Survivin siRNA treatment significantly increased the sensitivity of the primary ovarian cancer cell cultures to paclitaxel. CONCLUSION Ascitic cancer cells reflect the molecular profile of tumor and can be used to diagnose resistance to chemotherapy. This study also establishes that high survivin expression is also responsible for resistance to paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Room No. 234, New Delhi, Delhi, 110095, India,
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Mishra P, Das S, Kar R, Jacob SE, Basu D. Non-haematopoietic malignancies metastasing to the bone marrow: a 5 year record-based descriptive study from a tertiary care centre in South India. Indian J Cancer 2015; 51:30-4. [PMID: 24947093 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.134614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow involvement by a non-haematological malignancy gives an opportunity to identify the lodgement, invasion of metastatic cells and the response of the host to the tumor cells. The study was undertaken to assess the involvement of bone marrow with non-haematopoietic malignancies and its significance in establishing primary diagnosis in clinically unsuspected cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive study which included record review of the departmental archives for the last five years (January 2007 to December 2011). Eighty four cases were studied; which included clinically diagnosed non-haematological malignancy for staging or symptomatic cytopenias/bony lesions (group 1, n = 63), clinically suspected bone marrow metastasis of unknown primary malignancy due to symptomatic cytopenias/bony lesions (group 2, n = 07) and clinically unsuspected malignancy with incidentally detected bone marrow metastasis (group 3, n = 14). RESULTS Bone marrow metastases of solid tumors were identified in 23 cases (27.3%) which included 9 cases from group 1, 14 cases from group 3 and nil in group 2. Of the 14 cases in group 3, in 12 cases a definitive diagnosis could be made by correlating clinicoradiological findings with morphology and immunohistochemistry. The most common tumor in pediatric cases were neuroblastoma and Ewing's sarcoma (40%) and in adult's adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal tract (30.7%) was the commonest. CONCLUSION Bone marrow metastasis can masquerade as a primary haematopoietic disorder; however its detection has both therapeutic and prognostic significance. Immunohistochemistry is a useful adjunct to morphology in reaching a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Kar
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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Mallick S, Kar R, Mandal D, Ghoshal SP. Optimal sizing of CMOS analog circuits using gravitational search algorithm with particle swarm optimization. INT J MACH LEARN CYB 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13042-014-0324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Saha S, Kar R, Mandal D, Ghoshal S. Optimal IIR filter design using Gravitational Search Algorithm with Wavelet Mutation. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ghosh SK, Rudra O, Kar R, Ghosh A, Agarwal M. A curious case of blue-green discoloration in a middle-aged indian man: Chromhidrosis. Dermatol Online J 2015. [DOI: 10.5070/d32111029289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Upadhyay P, Kar R, Mandal D, Ghoshal SP. Collective Animal Behaviour Based Optimization Algorithm for IIR System Identification Problem. International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 2014. [DOI: 10.4018/ijsir.2014010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a novel optimization technique which is developed on mimicking the collective animal behaviour (CAB) is applied to the infinite impulse response (IIR) system identification problem. Functionality of CAB is governed by occupying the best position of an animal according to its dominance in the group. Enrichment of CAB with the features of randomness, stochastic and heuristic search nature has made the algorithm a suitable tool for finding the global optimal solution. The proposed CAB has alleviated from the defects of premature convergence and stagnation, shown by real coded genetic algorithm (RGA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) in the present system identification problem. The simulation results obtained for some well known benchmark examples justify the efficacy of the proposed system identification approach using CAB over RGA, PSO and DE in terms of convergence speed, unknown plant coefficients and mean square error (MSE) values produced for IIR system models of both the same order and reduced order.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Upadhyay
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - R. Kar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - D. Mandal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - S. P. Ghoshal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
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Saha SK, Kar R, Mandal D, Ghoshal SP. A Novel Firefly Algorithm for Optimal Linear Phase FIR Filter Design. International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 2013. [DOI: 10.4018/jsir.2013040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Optimal digital filter design in digital signal processing has thrown a growing influence on communication systems. FIR filter design involves multi-parameter optimization, on which the existing optimization algorithms do not work efficiently. For which different optimization techniques can be utilized to determine the impulse response coefficient of a filter and try to meet the ideal frequency response characteristics. In this paper, FIR low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop filters have been designed using a new meta-heuristic search method, called firefly algorithm. Firefly Algorithm is inspired by the flash pattern and characteristics of fireflies. The performance of the designed filters has been compared with that obtained by real coded genetic algorithm (RGA), standard PSO and differential evolution (DE) optimization techniques. Differential evolution (DE) is already one of the most powerful stochastic real-parameter optimization algorithms in current use. Here the firefly algorithm (FA) technique has proven a significant advantage. For the problem at hand, the simulation of designing FIR filters has been done and the simulation results demonstrate that Firefly algorithm is better than other relevant algorithms, not only in the convergence speed but also in the performance of the designed filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Saha
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - R. Kar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - D. Mandal
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
| | - S. P. Ghoshal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India
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Madhar Saheb S, Kar R, Dharmasa P, Bhattacharjee A. Enhanced hybrid coordination function controlled channel access-based adaptive scheduler for delay sensitive traffic in IEEE 802.11e networks. IET Networks 2012. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-net.2012.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ahmed T, Pathak R, Mustafa MD, Kar R, Tripathi AK, Ahmed RS, Banerjee BD. Ameliorating effect of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin on pesticide-induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Environ Monit Assess 2011; 179:293-299. [PMID: 21049288 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon are widely used pesticides. Subchronic exposure to these contaminants commonly affects the central nervous system, immune, gastrointestinal, renal, and reproductive system. There effects have been attributed to increased oxidative stress. This study was conducted to examine the role of oxidative stress in genotoxicity following pesticide exposure using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. Further possible attenuation of genotoxicity was studied using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and curcumin as known modulators of oxidative stress. Cultured mononuclear cells was isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, and exposed to varying concentrations of different pesticides: endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon for 6, 12, and 24 h. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level and DNA damage was quantified by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) using ELISA. Both MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with these pesticides. There was a significant decrease in MDA and 8-OH-dG levels in PBMC when co-treated with NAC or/and curcumin as compared to pesticide alone. These results indicate that pesticide-induced oxidative stress is probably responsible for the DNA damage, and NAC or curcumin attenuate this effect by counteracting the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Ahmed
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110 095, India
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Ahmed T, Pathak R, Mustafa MD, Kar R, Tripathi AK, Ahmed RS, Banerjee BD. Ameliorating effect of N-acetylcysteine and curcumin on pesticide-induced oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Environ Monit Assess 2011; 179:293-299. [PMID: 21049288 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1736-5/metrics] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon are widely used pesticides. Subchronic exposure to these contaminants commonly affects the central nervous system, immune, gastrointestinal, renal, and reproductive system. There effects have been attributed to increased oxidative stress. This study was conducted to examine the role of oxidative stress in genotoxicity following pesticide exposure using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro. Further possible attenuation of genotoxicity was studied using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and curcumin as known modulators of oxidative stress. Cultured mononuclear cells was isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, and exposed to varying concentrations of different pesticides: endosulfan, malathion, and phosphamidon for 6, 12, and 24 h. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by cellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level and DNA damage was quantified by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) using ELISA. Both MDA and 8-OH-dG were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with these pesticides. There was a significant decrease in MDA and 8-OH-dG levels in PBMC when co-treated with NAC or/and curcumin as compared to pesticide alone. These results indicate that pesticide-induced oxidative stress is probably responsible for the DNA damage, and NAC or curcumin attenuate this effect by counteracting the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Ahmed
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital (University of Delhi), Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110 095, India
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Halder S, Mehta AK, Kar R, Mustafa M, Mediratta PK, Sharma KK. Clove oil reverses learning and memory deficits in scopolamine-treated mice. Planta Med 2011; 77:830-834. [PMID: 21157682 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to examine the effect of Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae) on learning and memory, and also evaluate whether it can modulate oxidative stress in mice. Passive avoidance step-down task and elevated plus-maze were used to assess learning and memory in scopolamine-treated mice. Oxidative stress parameters were also assessed in brain samples by estimating the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels at the end of the study. Scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg, i. p.) produced impairment of acquisition memory as evidenced by a decrease in step-down latency and an increase in transfer latency on day 1, and also impairment of retention of memory on day 2. Pretreatment with clove oil (0.05 mL/kg and 0.1 mL/kg) for 3 weeks significantly reversed the increase in acquisition latency and all the doses (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mL/kg, i. p.) reversed the increase in retention latency induced by scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg, i. p.) in elevated plus-maze. However, 0.05 mL/kg clove oil attenuated memory deficits in the passive avoidance step-down task. Brain samples showed a significant decrease in MDA levels in the group treated with clove oil (0.05 and 0.025 mL/kg). GSH levels were also increased in clove oil-treated mice though the results were not significant. Thus, it can be concluded that clove oil can reverse the short-term and long-term memory deficits induced by scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg, i. p.) and this effect can, to some extent, be attributed to decreased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Shukla J, Sharma U, Kar R, Varma IK, Juyal S, Jagannathan NR, Bandopadhyaya GP. Tamoxifen–2-hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin-aggregated nanoassembly for nonbreast estrogen-receptor-positive cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:895-902. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tamoxifen (Tam) is used for the treatment and prevention of estrogen-receptor-positive human breast and other cancers. Its use in ovarian cancer has not been well studied. Method: We formulated and characterized a water-soluble Tam–2-hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD; 1:2 M) complex. Results: The differential scanning calorimetery of Tam–HPβCD indicated the transition of Tam from crystalline to amorphous form on addition of HPβCD. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance nuclear overhauser effect cross-peaks between phenyl moieties of Tam and HPβCD, and downfield shifts in H-3 (0.26) and H-5 (0.29) protons of HPβCD suggested the inclusion of Tam in HPβCD cavity. Transmission-electron microscopy studies of HPβCD and the Tam–HPβCD complex revealed the formation of aggregated nanoassembly at 60–180 nm. Dimethyl thiazol diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated 7.37 ± 2.32% cell survival of OAW-42 cells with 3 µg/ml Tam concentration. Conclusion: The Tam–HPβCD nanoassembly entered the cell owing to enhanced permeability and retention property of tumor cell and antiestrogenic Tam and, therefore, resulted in excellent anticancer efficacy in the ovarian cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Indira Kumari Varma
- Center for Polymer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sanjay Juyal
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Guru P Bandopadhyaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Sharma P, Kar R, Dutta S, Pati HP, Saxena R. Niemann-Pick disease, type B with TRAP-positive storage cells and secondary sea blue histiocytosis. Eur J Histochem 2009; 53:e22. [PMID: 30256875 PMCID: PMC3168231 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2009.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present 2 cases of Niemann Pick disease, type B with secondary sea-blue histiocytosis. Strikingly, in both cases the Pick cells were positive for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, a finding hitherto described only in Gaucher cells. This report highlights the importance of this finding as a potential cytochemical diagnostic pitfall in the diagnosis of Niemann Pick disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sharma
- Haematology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kar
- Haematology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - S Dutta
- Haematology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - H P Pati
- Haematology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - R Saxena
- Haematology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Sharma P, Kar R, Dutta S, Pati HP, Saxena R. Niemann-Pick disease, type B with TRAP-positive storage cells and secondary sea blue histiocytosis. Eur J Histochem 2009; 53:183-6. [PMID: 19864213 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2009.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present 2 cases of Niemann Pick disease, type B with secondary sea-blue histiocytosis. Strikingly, in both cases the Pick cells were positive for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, a finding hitherto described only in Gaucher cells. This report highlights the importance of this finding as a potential cytochemical diagnostic pitfall in the diagnosis of Niemann Pick disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sharma
- Haematology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
We assessed molecular markers such as BRCA1, K-ras, p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Survivin and telomerase activity in untreated ovarian cancer tissue samples, ascitic cells and normal ovarian tissues and gathered insights into their correlation with each other and also with apoptotic index. The expression of these proteins was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic index was determined by TUNEL assay and telomerase activity was measured by PCR-ELISA kit. p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, K-ras and Survivin were found to be over expressed in tumors and ascitic cells as compared to normal controls whereas there was no significant difference in expression of BRCA1. A significantly higher telomerase activity and lower apoptotic index in tumors as compared to controls was observed. p53 positively correlated with Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, K-ras and Survivin expression and also clinical stage of the disease. A positive correlation between Survivin and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL was seen. Apoptotic Index, telomerase activity and BRCA1 expression showed no correlation with any of the parameters. Our study confirms the fact that multiple gene interactions govern the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, and analyzing ascitic cells of ovarian cancer patients may help to delineate molecular profile of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
A flow cytometry-based test using eosin-5-maleimide (EMA) dye was used for diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). The mean fluorescence intensiy (MFI) of EMA tagged erythrocytes is lower in HS than that in other hemolytic and nonhemolytic anemias. We enrolled 114 subjects comprising 20 confirmed HS, 20 suspected HS/hemolytic anemia (HA), 20 normal controls, 20 other hemolytic anemias [13 autoimmune hemolytic anemia, three congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA), one pyruvate kinase deficiency, two microangiopathic hemolytic anemia], 18 microcytic anemia and 16 macrocytic anemia cases. All samples were subjected to flow cytometry as per standard protocol. The mean MFI of normal control subjects was 11 861.5 (SD 883.5) and of confirmed HS was 7949.3 (SD 1304.1). Using this test, of 20 patients suspected to be HS/HA but with no confirmatory diagnosis, eight patients were diagnosed as HS. Using logistic regression analysis, the optimum cut-off MFI value between HS and normal controls was 10126. The area under the ROC curve was 0.99. The statistical significance of MFI values was obtained by t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test as applicable. Compared with normal controls, the MFI values in HS were lower and in megaloblastic anemia were higher which was statistically highly significant (P<0.01), and the MFI values in CDA were lower which was statistically significant (P<0.05). False-positive values were obtained in three cases of AIHA and two cases of CDA. The sensitivity and specificity was 96.4% and 94.2% respectively. The EMA-based flow cytometry test is a highly sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kar
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Dolai TK, Kumar R, Bhargava R, Mahapatra M, Mishra P, Seth T, Kar R, Rathi S, Pati HP, Saxena R, Tyagi S. Multi-organ failure due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus flavus infection after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2008; 24:78-80. [PMID: 23100951 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-008-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) is a serious, but rare infectious complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We describe a case of fatal sepsis due to MT and Aspergillus flavus after allogeneic BMT for Aplastic Anemia. The diagnosis was made on bone marrow biopsy and asitic fluid culture. Broadspectrum antituberculous and Amphotericin B therapy was started immediately after diagnosis. The patient developed severe hypoxia and finally died of multi-organ failure. Rapid progression of mycobacterial infection as well as fungal infection should be considered in patients post BMT with unexplained fever, particularly in patients from endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuphan Kanti Dolai
- Department of Hematology, IRCH Building, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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Sen S, Sharma C, Pal A, Kar R, Singh N. P36 Multiple anticancer targets of chemopreventive curcumin in squamous cell lung carcinoma in vitro. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Sen S, Singh A, Pal A, Sharma C, Kar R, Singh N. Anti-cancer gene expression profile of curcumin identifies new therapeutic targets in squamous cell lung carcinoma in vitro. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18203 Background: Lung cancer is notorious for early metastasis and very high mortality, worldwide. Curcumin, a chemopreventive has also shown chemotherapeutic potential but its mechanisms are still not well understood. In this study, the genes targeted by Curcumin were investigated to identify new targets for the therapy of squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) in vitro. Methods: Lung squamous cell carcinoma cells (H520) were cultured in DMEM with 10% FCS. They were treated with Curcumin (25μM) for 24 hours. Apoptosis was detected by morphological examination, MTT assay, flowcytometry and TUNEL assay. Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles on curcumin treatment was done. Real time quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the results. Results: Curcumin (25μM for 24 hours) caused 29.8 ± 2.1% cytotoxicity (MTT assay). Apoptosis was corroborated by flowcytometry (23.7 ± 1.4%) and TUNEL (21.6 ± 1.8%). Using microarray analysis, 34 genes were seen to be upregulated and 31 genes downregulated after curcumin treatment. Several apoptosis related genes were upregulated including GADD45a (3.36 fold), transcription factor Egr-1 (2.2 fold) and Peroxiredoxin-I (2 fold). In addition, Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), an angiogenic factor that promotes angiogenesis and tumor invasion was downregulated (1.7 fold). Real time quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the results. Conclusions: This study helps to identify novel putative intervention sites as targets for curcumin in the therapy of squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) in vitro and can contribute to better understanding of lung tumorigenesis and anticancer therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sen
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Pal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - C. Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Kar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N. Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mishra P, Kar R. Treatment of Grapefruit Juice for Bitterness Removal by Amberlite IR 120 and Amberlite IR 400 and Alginate Entrapped Naringinase Enzyme. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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