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Berdejo D, García-Gonzalo D, Oulahal N, Denkova-Kostova R, Shopska V, Kostov G, Degraeve P, Pagan R. Minimal Processing Technologies for Production and Preservation of Tailor-Made Foods §. Food Technol Biotechnol 2023; 61:357-377. [PMID: 38022877 PMCID: PMC10666941 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.61.03.23.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tailor-made foods, also known as foods with programmable properties, are specialised systems with unique composition prepared by different methods, using the known mechanisms of action of their bioactive ingredients. The development of tailor-made foods involves the evaluation of individual components, including bioactive substances derived from waste products of other productions, such as essential oils. These components are evaluated both individually and in combination within food compositions to achieve specific functionalities. This review focuses on the application of minimal processing technologies for the production and preservation of tailor-made foods. It examines a range of approaches, including traditional and emerging technologies, as well as novel ingredients such as biomolecules from various sources and microorganisms. These approaches are combined according to the principles of hurdle technology to achieve effective synergistic effects that enhance food safety and extend the shelf life of tailor-made foods, while maintaining their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berdejo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA (UNIZAR), C. de Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego García-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA (UNIZAR), C. de Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nadia Oulahal
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA Research Unit, Technopole Alimentec, 155 rue Henri de Boissieu, 01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
| | | | - Vesela Shopska
- University of Food Technologies (UFT), 26 Maritza boulevard, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Kostov
- University of Food Technologies (UFT), 26 Maritza boulevard, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Pascal Degraeve
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA Research Unit, Technopole Alimentec, 155 rue Henri de Boissieu, 01000 Bourg en Bresse, France
| | - Rafael Pagan
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA (UNIZAR), C. de Pedro Cerbuna, 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Shao L, Sun Y, Zou B, Zhao Y, Li X, Dai R. Sublethally injured microorganisms in food processing and preservation: Quantification, formation, detection, resuscitation and adaption. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112536. [PMID: 36869540 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sublethally injured state has been recognized as a survival strategy for microorganisms suffering from stressful environments. Injured cells fail to grow on selective media but can normally grow on nonselective media. Numerous microorganism species can form sublethal injury in various food matrices during processing and preservation with different techniques. Injury rate was commonly used to evaluate sublethal injury, but mathematical models for the quantification and interpretation of sublethally injured microbial cells still require further study. Injured cells can repair themselves and regain viability on selective media under favorable conditions when stress is removed. Conventional culture methods might underestimate microbial counts or present a false negative result due to the presence of injured cells. Although the structural and functional components may be affected, the injured cells pose a great threat to food safety. This work comprehensively reviewed the quantification, formation, detection, resuscitation and adaption of sublethally injured microbial cells. Food processing techniques, microbial species, strains and food matrix all significantly affect the formation of sublethally injured cells. Culture-based methods, molecular biological methods, fluorescent staining and infrared spectroscopy have been developed to detect the injured cells. Cell membrane is often repaired first during resuscitation of injured cells, meanwhile, temperature, pH, media and additives remarkably influence the resuscitation. The adaption of injured cells negatively affects the microbial inactivation during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Shao
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Bo Zou
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yijie Zhao
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xingmin Li
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ruitong Dai
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Synergistic Action of Mild Heat and Essential Oil Treatments on Culturability and Viability of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 Tested In Vitro and in Fruit Juice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111615. [PMID: 35681366 PMCID: PMC9180004 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The strengthening effect of a mild temperature treatment on the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils has been widely reported, often leading to an underestimation or a misinterpretation of the product’s microbial status. In the present study, both a traditional culture-based method and Flow Cytometry (FCM) were applied to monitor the individual or combined effect of Origanum vulgare essential oil (OEO) and mild heat treatment on the culturability and viability of Escherichia coli in a conventional culture medium and in a fruit juice challenge test. The results obtained in the culture medium showed bacterial inactivation with an increasing treatment temperature (55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C), highlighting an overestimation of the dead population using the culture-based method; in fact, when the FCM method was applied, the prevalence of injured bacterial cells in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state was observed. When commercial fruit juice with a pH of 3.8 and buffered at pH 7.0 was inoculated with E. coli ATCC 25922, a bactericidal action of OEO and a higher efficiency of the mild heat at 65 °C for 5′ combined with OEO were found. Overall, the combination of mild heat and OEO treatment represents a promising antimicrobial alternative to improve the safety of fruit juice.
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Gontar Ł, Sitarek-Andrzejczyk M, Kochański M, Buła M, Drutowska A, Zych D, Markiewicz J. Dynamics and Diversity of Microbial Contamination in Poultry Bedding Materials Containing Parts of Medicinal Plants. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041290. [PMID: 35207831 PMCID: PMC8877630 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms thriving in poultry bedding materials during their exploitation are involved in the development of several diseases and disfunctions of animals. They can also contaminate food products and pose risks to the environment and human health. This study provides an analysis of dynamics and diversity in microbiological contamination observed during the exploitation of poultry bedding materials containing parts of medicinal plants: Satureja hortensis, Origanum vulgare, Melissa officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris, compared with standard types of beddings: straw chaff and straw pellets. The research was carried out in two 42-day experimental cycles involving in total 2400 broiler chickens. Each week, the total count of mesophilic bacteria, fungi and yeasts, the presumptive presence and count of Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia sp., Listeria sp., Salmonella sp., and Candida sp. were determined by culturing on selective media, along with pH and moisture measurements. After 35 days of the experiment, a reduction of the total count of mesophilic bacteria above 1 log compared to the control (11.86 vs. 13.02 log CFU/g) was observed. As the count of yeasts decreased after 21 days, an increase in the total count of bacteria was reported, which indicates a strong competition between microorganisms. The results improve our understanding of the temporal effects of using materials containing parts of medicinal plants on the microbial contamination in poultry litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Gontar
- Correspondence: (Ł.G.); (M.S.-A.); Tel.: +48-42-636-12-59 (Ł.G.); +48-42-636-12-26 (M.S.-A.)
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Pacheappan GD, Samsudin NIP, Hasan H. The effects of different disinfectants and application conditions on microbial contaminants at dairy processing line. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganga Dewi Pacheappan
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Hanan Hasan
- Department of Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research Halal Products Research Institute Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
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Chiara M, Giulia T, Federica B, Diego M, Robin D, Fausto G, Stefania A. Listeria monocytogenes sensitivity to antimicrobial treatments depends on cell origin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21263. [PMID: 34711898 PMCID: PMC8553832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated how cell origin could affect the efficacy of an antimicrobial treatment (mild heating combined with terpenoids) in Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, considering cells from: 1. single colony, 2. glycerol stock, 3. cold adapted culture, and 4. fresh culture in stationary phase. After treatment, culturability on BHI medium and viability assessed by flow cytometry were evaluated. Our results showed that the cell origin significantly impacted viability and culturability of L. monocytogenes towards antimicrobial treatment. The mild heat treatment combined or not with terpenoids mainly affected culturability rather than viability, although the culturability of cells from single colony was less impacted. Therefore, to mimic the worst scenario, these latter were selected to contaminate Gorgonzola rind and roast beef slices and we evaluated the ability of L. monocytogenes cells to recover their culturability (on ALOA agar medium) and to growth on the food matrix stored at 4 °C for 7 days. Our results suggest that only Gorgonzola rind allowed a partial recovery of the culturability of cells previously heated in presence or not of terpens. In conclusion, we found a connection between the cell history and sensitivity toward an antimicrobial treatment, underlying the importance to standardize the experimental procedures (starting from the cells to be used in the assay) in the assessment of cell sensitivity to a specific treatment. Finally, our study clearly indicated that VBNC cells can resuscitate under favorable conditions on a food matrix, becoming a threat for consumer’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montanari Chiara
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tabanelli Giulia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbieri Federica
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mora Diego
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Duncan Robin
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gardini Fausto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arioli Stefania
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Pinilla CMB, Stincone P, Brandelli A. Proteomic analysis reveals differential responses of Listeria monocytogenes to free and nanoencapsulated nisin. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 346:109170. [PMID: 33770680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Listeria monocytogenes grow on ready-to-eat food is a major concern in food safety. Natural antimicrobials, such as nisin, can be used to control this pathogen, but the increasing reports of nisin tolerance and resistance make necessary novel approaches to increase its effectiveness, such as encapsulation. The goal of this study was to investigate how L. monocytogenes ATCC7644 regulates and shapes its proteome in response to sublethal doses of nisin and nisin-loaded phosphatidylcholine liposomes (lipo-nisin), compared to untreated cells growing under optimal conditions. Total proteins were extracted from L. monocytogenes cells treated for 1 h with free and lipo-nisin. As result, of 803 proteins that were initially identified, 64 and 53 proteins were differentially upregulated and downregulated respectively, in the treatments with nisin and lipo-nisin. Changes of Listeria proteome in response to treatments containing nisin were mainly related to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter systems, transmembrane proteins, RNA-binding proteins and diverse stress response proteins. Some of the proteins uniquely detected in samples treated with free nisin were the membrane proteins SecD, Lmo1539 and the YfhO enzyme, which are related to translocation of L. monocytogenes virulence factors, activation of the LiaR-mediated stress defense and glycosylation of wall teichoic acid, respectively. The L. monocytogenes treated with liposome encapsulated nisin showed no expression of some stress response factors as compared with the free nisin, suggesting a reduction of stress mediated response and production of nisin-resistance factors by exposure to encapsulated nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Stincone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Abdelhamid AG, Yousef AE. Natural Antimicrobials Suitable for Combating Desiccation-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Milk Powder. Microorganisms 2021; 9:421. [PMID: 33670672 PMCID: PMC7923161 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some Salmonella enterica strains survive well in low-water activity (low-aw) foods and cause frequent salmonellosis outbreaks in these products. Methods are needed to overcome such desiccation-resistant Salmonella and to improve the safety of low-aw foods. Building on a recent finding, we hypothesized that natural antimicrobial food additives, which are active against cytoplasmic membrane, could overcome this desiccation resistance phenomenon, and thus, sensitize the pathogen to drying and mild processing. Food additives were screened for the ability to cause leakage of intracellular potassium ions; retention of these ions is vital for protecting Salmonella against desiccation. Two antimicrobial food additives, carvacrol and thymol, caused considerable potassium leakage from the desiccation-resistant S. enterica serovars, Tennessee and Livingstone. Thus, carvacrol and thymol were investigated for their ability to sensitize the desiccation-adapted S. enterica to heat treatment. The combined use of food additives, at their minimum inhibitory concentrations, with heat treatment at 55 °C for 15 min caused 3.1 ± 0.21 to more than 5.5 log colony forming unit (CFU)/mL reduction in desiccation-adapted S. enterica, compared to 2.4 ± 0.53-3.2 ± 0.11 log CFU/mL reduction by sole heat treatment. Carvacrol was the additive that caused the greatest potassium leakage and sensitization of Salmonella to heat; hence, the application of this compound was investigated in a food model against Salmonella Typhimurium ASD200. Addition of carvacrol at 200 or 500 ppm into liquid milk followed by spray-drying reduced the strain's population by 0.9 ± 0.02 and 1.3 ± 0.1 log CFU/g, respectively, compared to 0.6 ± 0.02 log CFU/g reduction for non-treated spray-dried milk. Additionally, freeze-drying of milk treated with high levels of carvacrol (5000 ppm) reduced the population of Salmonella Typhimurium ASD200 by more than 4.5 log CFU/g, compared to 1.1 ± 0.4 log CFU/g reduction for the freeze-dried untreated milk. These findings suggest that carvacrol can combat desiccation-resistant S. enterica, and thus, potentially improve the safety of low-aw foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 105 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Natural Plant-Derived Chemical Compounds as Listeria monocytogenes Inhibitors In Vitro and in Food Model Systems. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010012. [PMID: 33375619 PMCID: PMC7823385 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen, sporadically present in various food product groups. An illness caused by the pathogen, named listeriosis, has high fatality rates. Even though L. monocytogenes is resistant to many environmental factors, e.g., low temperatures, low pH and high salinity, it is susceptible to various natural plant-derived antimicrobials (NPDA), including thymol, carvacrol, eugenol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, carvone S, linalool, citral, (E)-2-hexenal and many others. This review focuses on identifying NPDAs active against L. monocytogenes and their mechanisms of action against the pathogen, as well as on studies that showed antimicrobial action of the compounds against the pathogen in food model systems. Synergistic action of NDPA with other factors, biofilm inhibition and alternative delivery systems (encapsulation and active films) of the compounds tested against L. monocytogenes are also summarized briefly.
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Chitosan nanoemulsions of cold-pressed orange essential oil to preserve fruit juices. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 331:108786. [PMID: 32659617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sweet orange essential oil is obtained from the peels of Citrus sinensis (CSEO) by cold pressing, and used as a valuable product by the food industry. Nanoencapsulation is known as a valid strategy to improve chemical stability, organoleptic properties, and delivery of EO-based products. In the present study we encapsulated CSEO using chitosan nanoemulsions (cn) as nanocarrier, and evaluated its antimicrobial activity in combination with mild heat, as well as its sensorial acceptability in orange and apple juices. CSEO composition was analyzed by GC-MS, and 19 components were identified, with limonene as the predominant constituent (95.1%). cn-CSEO was prepared under low shear conditions and characterized according to droplet size (<60 nm) and polydispersity index (<0.260 nm). Nanoemulsions were stable for at least 3 months at 4 ± 2 °C. cn-CSEO were compared with suspensions of CSEO (s-CSEO) (0.2 μL of CSEO/mL) in terms of antibacterial activity in combination with mild heat (52 °C) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Sakai. cn-CSEO displayed a greater bactericidal activity than s-CSEO at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0. The validation in fruit juices showed an improved bactericidal effect of cn-CSEO in comparison with s-CSEO when combined with mild heat in apple juice, but not in orange juice. In both juices, the combination of CSEO and mild heat exerted synergistic lethal effects, reducing the treatment time to cause the inactivation of up to 5 Log10 cycles of E. coli O157:H7 Sakai cells. Finally, the sensory characteristics of both juices were acceptable either when using s-CSEO or CSEO nanoemulsified with chitosan. Therefore, as a promising carrier for lipophilic substances, the encapsulation of EOs with chitosan nanoemulsions might represent an advantageous alternative when combined with mild heat to preserve fruit juices.
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Lanciotti R, Braschi G, Patrignani F, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M. How Listeria monocytogenes Shapes Its Proteome in Response to Natural Antimicrobial Compounds. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:437. [PMID: 30930865 PMCID: PMC6423498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the adaptation of L. monocytogenes Scott A cells to treatments with sublethal doses of antimicrobials (ethanol, citral, carvacrol, E-2-hexenal and thyme essential oil). The survival of L. monocytogenes cells was not affected by the antimicrobials at the concentrations assayed, with the exception of ethanol (1% v/v) and thyme essential oil (100 mg/L), which decreased cell viability from 8.53 ± 0.36 to 7.20 ± 0.22 log CFU/mL (P = 0.04). We subsequently evaluated how L. monocytogenes regulates and shapes its proteome in response to antimicrobial compounds. Compared to the control cells grown under optimal conditions, L. monocytogenes treated for 1 h with the antimicrobial compounds showed increased or decreased (≥ or ≤2-fold, respectively, P < 0.05) levels of protein synthesis for 223 protein spots. As shown multivariate clustering analysis, the proteome profiles differed between treatments. Adaptation and shaping of proteomes mainly concerned cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome, motility and regulatory related proteins, carbohydrate, pyruvate, nucleotide and nitrogen metabolism, cofactors and vitamins and stress response with contrasting responses for different stresses. Ethanol, citral (85 mg/l) or (E)-2-hexenal (150 mg/L) adapted cells increased survival during acid stress imposed under model (BHI) and food-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Lanciotti
- Dipartmento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Braschi
- Dipartmento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Dipartmento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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12
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Arioli S, Montanari C, Magnani M, Tabanelli G, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R, Mora D, Gardini F. Modelling of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A after a mild heat treatment in the presence of thymol and carvacrol: Effects on culturability and viability. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Hu LB, Ban FF, Li HB, Qian PP, Shen QS, Zhao YY, Mo HZ, Zhou X. Thymol Induces Conidial Apoptosis in Aspergillus flavus via Stimulating K + Eruption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8530-8536. [PMID: 30044621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a notorious foodborne fungus, posing a significant risk to humans in the form of hepatocellular carcinoma or aspergillosis. Thymol, as a food preservative, could efficiently kill conidia of A. flavus. However, the underlying mechanisms by which thymol kills A. flavus are not completely understood. With specific fluorescent dyes, we detected several apoptotic hallmarks, including chromatin condensation, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase 9 activation in conidia exposed to 200 μg/mL of thymol, indicating that thymol induced a caspase-dependent conidial apoptosis in A. flavus. Chemical-protein interactome (CPI) and autodock analyses showed that KCNAB, homologue to the β-subunit of the voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) and aldo-keto reductase, was the potential target of thymol. Following studies demonstrated that thymol could activate the aldo-keto reductase activity of KCNAB in vitro and stimulate a transient K+ efflux in conidia, as determined using a Port-a-Patch. Blocking K+ eruption by 4-aminopyridine (a universal inhibitor of Kv) could significantly alleviate thymol-mediated conidial apoptosis, indicating that activation of Kv was responsible for the apoptosis. Taken together, our results revealed a K+ efflux-mediated apoptotic pathway in A. flavus, which greatly contributed to the development of an alternative strategy to control this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Bin Hu
- Department of Food Science , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Fang-Fang Ban
- Department of Food Science , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- Department of Food Science , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Pan-Pan Qian
- Department of Food Science , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Qing-Shan Shen
- Department of Food Science , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- Department of Food Science , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Hai-Zhen Mo
- Department of Food Science , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Pathobiology & Veterinary Science , University of Connecticut , 61 North Eagleville Road , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
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Omori Y, Miake K, Nakamura H, Kage-Nakadai E, Nishikawa Y. Influence of lactic acid and post-treatment recovery time on the heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Petruzzi L, Campaniello D, Speranza B, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M, Bevilacqua A. Thermal Treatments for Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Beverages: A Literature Overview. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:668-691. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Petruzzi
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Daniela Campaniello
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Barbara Speranza
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Dept. of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment; Univ. of Foggia; Foggia Italy
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16
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Upadhyay A, Arsi K, Wagle BR, Upadhyaya I, Shrestha S, Donoghue AM, Donoghue DJ. Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Carvacrol, and Eugenol Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Colonization Factors and Expression of Virulence Genes in Vitro. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:713. [PMID: 28487683 PMCID: PMC5403884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes severe gastroenteritis in humans characterized by fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. In the human gut, Campylobacter adheres and invades the intestinal epithelium followed by cytolethal distending toxin mediated cell death, and enteritis. Reducing the attachment and invasion of Campylobacter to intestinal epithelium and expression of its virulence factors such as motility and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) production could potentially reduce infection in humans. This study investigated the efficacy of sub-inhibitory concentrations (SICs, concentration not inhibiting bacterial growth) of three GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status phytochemicals namely trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC; 0.005, 0.01%), carvacrol (CR; 0.001, 0.002%), and eugenol (EG; 0.005, 0.01%) in reducing the attachment, invasion, and translocation of C. jejuni on human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Additionally, the effect of these phytochemicals on Campylobacter motility and CDT production was studied using standard bioassays and gene expression analysis. All experiments had duplicate samples and were replicated three times on three strains (wild type S-8, NCTC 11168, 81-176) of C. jejuni. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with GraphPad ver. 6. Differences between the means were considered significantly different at P < 0.05. The majority of phytochemical treatments reduced C. jejuni adhesion, invasion, and translocation of Caco-2 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, the phytochemicals reduced pathogen motility and production of CDT in S-8 and NCTC 11168 (P < 0.05). Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that phytochemicals reduced the transcription of select C. jejuni genes critical for infection in humans (P < 0.05). Results suggest that TC, CR, and EG could potentially be used to control C. jejuni infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Poultry Science, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Komala Arsi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Basanta R Wagle
- Department of Poultry Science, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Indu Upadhyaya
- Department of Poultry Science, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sandip Shrestha
- Department of Poultry Science, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ann M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (USDA)Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Dan J Donoghue
- Department of Poultry Science, University of ArkansasFayetteville, AR, USA
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17
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Wang L, Zhao X, Zhu C, Xia X, Qin W, Li M, Wang T, Chen S, Xu Y, Hang B, Sun Y, Jiang J, Richard LP, Lei L, Zhang G, Hu J. Thymol kills bacteria, reduces biofilm formation, and protects mice against a fatal infection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain L20. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:202-210. [PMID: 28619145 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of the highly contagious and deadly respiratory infection porcine pleuropneumonia, resulting in serious losses to the pig industry worldwide. Alternative to antibiotics are urgently needed due to the serious increase in antimicrobial resistance. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol and efficiently kills a variety of bacteria. This study found that thymol has strong bactericidal effects on the A. pleuropneumoniae 5b serotype strain, an epidemic strain in China. Sterilization occurred rapidly, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 31.25μg/mL; the A. pleuropneumoniae density was reduced 1000 times within 10min following treatment with 1 MIC. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that thymol could rapidly disrupt the cell walls and cell membranes of A. pleuropneumoniae, causing leakage of cell contents and cell death. In addition, treatment with thymol at 0.5 MIC significantly reduced the biofilm formation of A. pleuropneumoniae. Quantitative RT-PCR results indicated that thymol treatment significantly increased the expression of the virulence genes purC, tbpB1 and clpP and down-regulated ApxI, ApxII and Apa1 expression in A. pleuropneumoniae. Therapeutic analysis of a murine model showed that thymol (20mg/kg) protected mice from a lethal dose of A. pleuropneumoniae, attenuated lung pathological lesions. This study is the first to report the use of thymol to treat A. pleuropneumoniae infection, establishing a foundation for the development of new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R.China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Chunling Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaojing Xia
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wanhai Qin
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tongzhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yanzhao Xu
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Bolin Hang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jinqing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | | | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, JiLin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P. R.China.
| | - Jianhe Hu
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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