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Richard MJ, Lo GH, Driban JB, Canavatchel AR, LaValley M, Zhang M, Price LL, Miller E, Eaton CB, McAlindon TE. Knee cartilage change on magnetic resonance imaging: Should we lump or split topographical regions? A 2-year study of data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Clin Anat 2024; 37:210-217. [PMID: 38058252 PMCID: PMC10922267 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We challenge the paradigm that a simplistic approach evaluating anatomic regions (e.g., medial femur or tibia) is ideal for assessing articular cartilage loss on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We used a data-driven approach to explore whether specific topographical locations of knee cartilage loss may identify novel patterns of cartilage loss over time that current assessment strategies miss. DESIGN We assessed 60 location-specific measures of articular cartilage on a sample of 99 knees with baseline and 24-month MR images from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, selected as a group with a high likelihood to change. We performed factor analyses of the change in these measures in two ways: (1) summing the measures to create one measure for each of the six anatomically regional-based summary (anatomic regions; e.g., medial tibia) and (2) treating each location separately for a total of 60 measures (location-specific measures). RESULTS The first analysis produced three factors accounting for 66% of the variation in the articular cartilage changes that occur over 24 months of follow-up: (1) medial tibiofemoral, (2) medial and lateral patellar, and (3) lateral tibiofemoral. The second produced 20 factors accounting for 75% of the variance in cartilage changes. Twelve factors only involved one anatomic region. Five factors included locations from adjoining regions (defined by the first analysis; e.g., medial tibiofemoral). Three factors included articular cartilage loss from disparate locations. CONCLUSIONS Novel patterns of cartilage loss occur within each anatomic region and across these regions, including in disparate regions. The traditional anatomic regional approach is simpler to implement and interpret but may obscure meaningful patterns of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Richard
- Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace H. Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line; Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Driban
- Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda R. Canavatchel
- Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ming Zhang
- Boston University, School of Computer Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute and The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Family Medicine, Providence, RI and School of Public Health of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Timothy E. McAlindon
- Tufts Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
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Driban JB, Price LL, LaValley MP, Lo GH, Zhang M, Harkey MS, Canavatchel A, McAlindon TE. Novel Framework for Measuring Whole Knee Osteoarthritis Progression Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022; 74:799-808. [PMID: 33202111 PMCID: PMC8631200 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed and validated a set of composite scores that combine quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measurements of hyaline cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and effusion-synovitis into composite scores. METHODS We selected 300 participants (n = 100 for development cohort; n = 200 for validation cohort) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative with complete clinical, radiographic, and MRI data at baseline and 24 months. We used semiautomated programs to quantify tibiofemoral and patellar cartilage damage, BML volume, and whole-knee effusion-synovitis volume. The candidate composite scores were formed by summing changes from baseline to 24 months based on prespecified methods. We evaluated the candidate composite scores for 1) the ability to differentiate groups with and without knee osteoarthritis progression (17 radiographic and patient-reported definitions), 2) sensitivity to change (standardized response means), and 3) relative performance relating to legacy outcome measures of knee osteoarthritis progression. RESULTS Three of 13 developed composite scores qualified for testing in the validation cohort (ranked by sensitivity to change): whole-knee cumulative cartilage damage, unweighted total knee score, and BML plus effusion-synovitis volume. Change in cumulative cartilage damage associated with radiographic progression (Kellgren/Lawrence grade: odds ratio [OR] 1.84; joint space width progression: OR 2.11). Changes in the unweighted total knee score (OR 1.97) and BML plus effusion-synovitis score (OR 1.92) associated with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index knee pain progression. CONCLUSION Two composite scores emerged, reflecting discrete domains of knee osteoarthritis progression. First, cumulative damage, which is measured by a whole-knee cartilage damage score, reflects the damage accrued over time. Second, dynamic disease activity, which is measured by a BML plus effusion-synovitis score, relates to changes in a patient's state of disease and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Tufts University and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Grace H Lo
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Zhang
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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A novel approach to studying early knee osteoarthritis illustrates that bilateral medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis is a heritable phenotype: an offspring study. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1063-1072. [PMID: 35460352 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-022-05116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To assess the potential of studying offspring of people with and without knee osteoarthritis to understand the risk factors and heritability for knee osteoarthritis. We selected two groups of Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) participants from one clinical site: (1) participants with bilateral radiographic medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis and (2) those without tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. We then invited biological offspring ≥ 18 years old to complete an online survey that inquired about osteoarthritis risk factors and symptoms. Among the survey respondents, we recruited ten offspring of members from each group for a clinic visit with bilateral knee posterior-anterior radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging of the right knee. We established contact with 269/413 (65%) eligible OAI participants. Most (227/269, 84%) had ≥ 1 eligible biological offspring, and 213 (94%) were willing to share information about the new family study with their offspring. Our survey was completed by 188 offspring from 110 OAI participants: mean age of 43.0 (10.4) years, mean body mass index of 23.7 (5.9) kg/m2, 65% female. Offspring obesity (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.0-7.3), hypertension (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.2-11.3), and Heberden's nodes (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.0-13.2) were associated with parental osteoarthritis status; however, adjusted models were not statistically significant. Radiographic tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (16/18 knees vs. 2/20 knees) and meniscal abnormalities (7/9 vs. 2/10 index knees) were more common among offspring with parental osteoarthritis status than not. We established the potential of a novel offspring study design within the OAI, and our results are consistent with bilateral radiographic medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis being a heritable phenotype of osteoarthritis.
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Deng Y, You L, Wang Y, Zhou X. A Coarse-to-Fine Framework for Automated Knee Bone and Cartilage Segmentation Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. J Digit Imaging 2021; 34:833-840. [PMID: 34031789 PMCID: PMC8455760 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-021-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is prevalent in advancing age. The pathology of OA disease is still unclear, and there are no effective interventions that can completely alter the OA disease process. Magnetic resonance (MR) image evaluation is sensitive for depicting early changes of knee OA, and therefore important for early clinical intervention for relieving the symptom. Automated cartilage segmentation based on MR images is a vital step in experimental longitudinal studies to follow-up the patients and prospectively define a new quantitative marker from OA progression. In this paper, we develop a deep learning-based coarse-to-fine approach for automated knee bone, cartilage, and meniscus segmentation with high computational efficiency. The proposed method is evaluated using two-fold cross-validation on 507 MR volumes (81,120 slices) with OA from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI)1 dataset. The mean dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) of femoral bone (FB), tibial bone (TB), femoral cartilage (FC), and tibial cartilage (TC) separately are 99.1%, 98.2%, 90.9%, and 85.8%. The time of segmenting each patient is 12 s, which is fast enough to be used in clinical practice. Our proposed approach may provide an automated toolkit to help computer-aided quantitative analyses of OA images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Lei You
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yanfei Wang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Hou W, Zhao J, He R, Li J, Ou Y, Du M, Xiong X, Xie B, Li L, Zhou X, Zuo P, Raithel E, Zhang Z, Chen W. Quantitative measurement of cartilage volume with automatic cartilage segmentation in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:1997-2006. [PMID: 33026551 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the reproducibility of the automatic cartilage segmentation method using a prototype KneeCaP software (version 1.3; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) and to compare the difference in cartilage volume (CV) between the normal knee joint and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of different degrees by using the above software. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 62 subjects with knee OA and 29 healthy control subjects. The cartilage lesion patients were divided into a mild-to-moderate OA group (n = 29) and severe OA group (n = 33). Automatic cartilage segmentation was performed on all the subjects, and among them, 19 knee cases were randomly selected to also do the manual cartilage segmentation. Statistical significance was determined with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson correlation coefficient. Automatic segmentation was compared with the manual one. The relative cartilage volume percentages of the femur, tibia, and patella in the normal control/mild-to-moderate/severe OA groups were assessed. RESULTS Comparing the cartilage volumes derived by manual and automatic segmentation, the ICC value for the knee joint, patella, femur, or tibia was 0.784, 0.815, 0.740, and 0.797. The relative cartilage volume percentages of the femur, tibia, and patella in the normal control/mild-to-moderate/severe OA groups were 57.28%/59.30%/62.45% (femur), 25.35%/23.46%/21.84% (tibia), and 17.37%/17.24%/15.71% (patella), respectively. Compared with the normal control group, the relative tibia cartilage volume percentage was lower in the mild-to-moderate OA group and the severe OA group. Corresponding index showed a similar difference between the mild-to-moderate OA group and the severe OA group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the relative cartilage volume percentage is correlated with the semi-quantitative systems and may be a preferred outcome measure in clinical studies of OA. Automatic cartilage segmentation using KneeCaP delivered reliable results on high-spatial-resolution 3 T MR images for the healthy, mild-moderate OA patients. Key Points • The cartilage automatic segmentation has excellent reproducibility and was not affected by inter-observer variation. • The relative cartilage volume percentage is correlated with the semi-quantitative systems and may be a preferred outcome measure in clinical studies of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Hou
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui He
- Centre of Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ou
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingshan Du
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanqi Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- MR Collaboration NEA, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Panli Zuo
- MR Collaboration NEA, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Gaotanyan 30, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Harkey MS, Davis JE, Price LL, Ward RJ, MacKay JW, Eaton CB, Lo GH, Barbe MF, Zhang M, Pang J, Stout AC, Lu B, McAlindon TE, Driban JB. Composite quantitative knee structure metrics predict the development of accelerated knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:299. [PMID: 32404099 PMCID: PMC7222452 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to determine if composite structural measures of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can predict the radiographic onset of accelerated knee osteoarthritis. Methods We used data from a nested case-control study among participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative without radiographic KOA at baseline. Participants were separated into three groups based on radiographic disease progression over 4 years: 1) accelerated (Kellgren-Lawrence grades [KL] 0/1 to 3/4), 2) typical (increase in KL, excluding accelerated osteoarthritis), or 3) no KOA (no change in KL). We assessed tibiofemoral cartilage damage (four regions: medial/lateral tibia/femur), bone marrow lesion (BML) volume (four regions: medial/lateral tibia/femur), and whole knee effusion-synovitis volume on 3 T MR images with semi-automated programs. We calculated two MR-based composite scores. Cumulative damage was the sum of standardized cartilage damage. Disease activity was the sum of standardized volumes of effusion-synovitis and BMLs. We focused on annual images from 2 years before to 2 years after radiographic onset (or a matched time for those without knee osteoarthritis). To determine between group differences in the composite metrics at all time points, we used generalized linear mixed models with group (3 levels) and time (up to 5 levels). For our prognostic analysis, we used multinomial logistic regression models to determine if one-year worsening in each composite metric change associated with future accelerated knee osteoarthritis (odds ratios [OR] based on units of 1 standard deviation of change). Results Prior to disease onset, the accelerated KOA group had greater average disease activity compared to the typical and no KOA groups and this persisted up to 2 years after disease onset. During a pre-radiographic disease period, the odds of developing accelerated KOA were greater in people with worsening disease activity [versus typical KOA OR (95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.58 (1.08 to 2.33); versus no KOA: 2.39 (1.55 to 3.71)] or cumulative damage [versus typical KOA: 1.69 (1.14 to 2.51); versus no KOA: 2.11 (1.41 to 3.16)]. Conclusions MR-based disease activity and cumulative damage metrics may be prognostic markers to help identify people at risk for accelerated onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Harkey
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Julie E Davis
- Department of Global Health in the Milken Institute of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Ward
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James W MacKay
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, RI, USA
| | - Grace H Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Department of Computer Science & Networking, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alina C Stout
- Public Health Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bing Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy E McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Price LL, Harkey MS, Ward RJ, MacKay JW, Zhang M, Pang J, Davis JE, McAlindon TE, Lo GH, Amin M, Eaton CB, Lu B, Duryea J, Barbe MF, Driban JB. Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Classifying Individuals Who Will Develop Accelerated Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2420-2428. [PMID: 31297900 PMCID: PMC6778707 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether adding magnetic resonance (MR)-based features to a base model of clinically accessible participant characteristics (i.e., serological, radiographic, demographic, symptoms, and physical function) improved classification of adults who developed accelerated radiographic knee osteoarthritis (AKOA) or not over the subsequent 4 years. We conducted a case-control study using radiographs from baseline and the first four annual visits of the osteoarthritis initiative to define groups. Eligible individuals had no radiographic KOA in either knee at baseline (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grade <2). We classified two groups matched on sex (i) AKOA: at least one knee developed advanced-stage KOA (KL = 3 or 4) within 48 months and (ii) did not develop AKOA within 48 months. The MR-based features were assessments of bone, effusion/synovitis, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, and menisci. All characteristics and MR-based features were from the baseline visit. Classification and regression tree analyses were performed to determine classification rules and identify statistically important variables. The CART models with and without MR features each explained approximately 40% of the variability. Adding MR-based features to the model yielded modest improvements in specificity (0.90 vs. 0.82) but lower sensitivity (0.62 vs. 0.70) than the base model. There was consistent evidence that serum glucose, effusion-synovitis volume, and cruciate ligament degeneration are statistically important variables in classifying individuals who will develop AKOA. We found common MR-based measures failed to dramatically improve classification. These findings also show a complex interplay among participant characteristics and a need to identify novel characteristics to improve classification. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2420-2428, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Lyn Price
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew S. Harkey
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School,
Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Robert J. Ward
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James W. MacKay
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jincheng Pang
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julie E. Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy E. McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Grace H. Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston Health Services Research and Development Center of
Excellence Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA,Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mamta Amin
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bing Lu
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Duryea
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Harkey MS, Price LL, McAlindon TE, Davis JE, Stout AC, Lu B, Zhang M, Eaton CB, Barbe MF, Lo GH, Driban JB. Association Between Declining Walking Speed and Increasing Bone Marrow Lesion and Effusion Volume in Individuals with Accelerated Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:259-270. [PMID: 29882630 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a decline in walking speed during the year prior to disease onset is associated with concurrent changes in cartilage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), or effusion in adults who develop common knee osteoarthritis (OA), accelerated knee OA, or no knee OA. METHODS We identified 3 groups from the Osteoarthritis Initiative based on annual radiographs from baseline to 48 months: accelerated knee OA, common knee OA, and no knee OA. We used the cartilage damage index (CDI) to assess tibiofemoral cartilage damage and used a semiautomated program to measure BML and effusion volume. Walking speed was assessed as an individual's habitual walking speed over 20 meters. One-year change in walking speed and structural measures were calculated as index visit measurements minus measurements from the year prior visit. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether change in walking speed (exposure) was associated with change in each structural measure (outcome) for the overall group and then separately for the accelerated knee OA, common knee OA, and no knee OA groups. RESULTS Adults who slowed their walking speed were almost twice as likely to present with increased BML volume, with a significant association (odds ratio 3.04 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03-8.95]) among adults with accelerated knee OA. Adults with accelerated knee OA who slowed their walking speed were approximately 3.4 times (95% CI 1.10-10.49) more likely to present with increased effusion volume. Walking speed change was not significantly associated with CDI change. CONCLUSION A change in an easily assessable clinical examination (i.e., 20-meter walk test) was associated with concurrent worsening in BML and effusion volume in adults who developed accelerated knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Bing Lu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming Zhang
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace H Lo
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas
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Harkey MS, Davis JE, Lu B, Price LL, Ward RJ, MacKay JW, Eaton CB, Lo GH, Barbe MF, Zhang M, Pang J, Stout AC, McAlindon TE, Driban JB. Early pre-radiographic structural pathology precedes the onset of accelerated knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:241. [PMID: 31113401 PMCID: PMC6530034 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA) is characterized by more pain, impaired physical function, and greater likelihood to receive a joint replacement compared to individuals who develop the typical gradual onset of disease. Prognostic tools are needed to determine which structural pathologies precede the development of AKOA compared to individuals without AKOA. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript was to determine which pre-radiographic structural features precede the development of AKOA. METHODS The sample comprised participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) who had at least one radiographically normal knee at baseline (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grade < 1). Participants were classified into 2 groups based on radiographic progression from baseline to 48 months: AKOA (KL grade change from < 1 to > 3) and No AKOA. The index visit was the study visit when participants met criteria for AKOA or a matched timepoint for those who did not develop AKOA. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were assessed for 12 structural features at the OAI baseline, and 1 and 2 years prior to the index visit. Separate logistic regression models (i.e. OAI baseline, 1 and 2 years prior) were used to determine which pre-radiographic structural features were more likely to antedate the development of AKOA compared to individuals not developing AKOA. RESULTS At the OAI baseline visit, degenerative cruciate ligaments (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.3,3.5), infrapatellar fat pad signal intensity alteration (OR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.2,3.2), medial/lateral meniscal pathology (OR = 2.1/2.4, 95%CI = 1.3,3.4/1.5,3.8), and greater quantitative knee effusion-synovitis (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.4,3.4) were more likely to antedate the development of AKOA when compared to those that did not develop AKOA. These results were similar at one and two years prior to disease onset. Additionally, medial meniscus extrusion at one year prior to disease onset (OR = 3.5, 95%CI = 2.1,6.0) increased the likelihood of developing AKOA. CONCLUSIONS Early ligamentous degeneration, effusion/synovitis, and meniscal pathology precede the onset of AKOA and may be prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Harkey
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Julie E Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Bing Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Ward
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James W MacKay
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, RI, USA
| | - Grace H Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Department of Computer Science & Networking, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alina C Stout
- Public Health Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy E McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 406, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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10
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Driban JB, Davis JE, Lu B, Price LL, Ward RJ, MacKay JW, Eaton CB, Lo GH, Barbe MF, Zhang M, Pang J, Stout AC, Harkey MS, McAlindon TE. Accelerated Knee Osteoarthritis Is Characterized by Destabilizing Meniscal Tears and Preradiographic Structural Disease Burden. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1089-1100. [PMID: 30592385 DOI: 10.1002/art.40826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether accelerated knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is preceded by, and characterized over time by, destabilizing meniscal tears or other pathologic changes. METHODS We selected 3 sex-matched groups of subjects from the first 48 months of the Osteoarthritis Initiative, comprising adults who had a knee without KOA (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] radiographic grade <2) at baseline. Subjects in the accelerated KOA group developed KOA of K/L grade ≥3, those with typical KOA showed increased K/L radiographic scores, and those with no KOA had the same K/L grade over time. An index visit was the visit when the radiographic criteria for accelerated KOA and typical KOA were met (the no KOA group was matched to the accelerated KOA group). The observation period was up to 2 years before and after an index visit. Radiologists reviewed magnetic resonance (MR) images of the index knee and identified destabilizing meniscal tears (root tears, radial tears, complex tears), miscellaneous pathologic features (acute ligamentous or tendinous injuries, attrition, subchondral insufficiency fractures, other incidental findings), and meniscal damage in >2 of 6 regions (3 regions per meniscus: anterior horn, body, posterior horn). In addition, bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and cartilage damage on MR images were quantified. Linear mixed regression models were performed to analyze the results. RESULTS At 1 year before the index visit, >75% of adults with accelerated KOA had meniscal damage in ≥2 regions (odds ratio 3.19 [95% confidence interval 1.70-5.97] versus adults with typical KOA). By the index visit, meniscal damage in ≥2 regions was ubiquitous in adults with accelerated KOA, including 42% of subjects having evidence of a destabilizing meniscal tear (versus 14% of subjects with typical KOA). These changes corresponded to findings of larger BMLs and greater cartilage loss in the accelerated KOA group. CONCLUSION Accelerated KOA is characterized by destabilizing meniscal tears in a knee compromised by meniscal damage in >2 regions, and also characterized by the presence of large BMLs and greater cartilage loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing Lu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - James W MacKay
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
| | - Grace H Lo
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming Zhang
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Matthew S Harkey
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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11
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Harkey MS, Davis JE, Lu B, Price LL, Eaton CB, Lo GH, Barbe MF, Ward RJ, Zhang M, Liu SH, Lapane KL, MacKay JW, McAlindon TE, Driban JB. Diffuse tibiofemoral cartilage change prior to the development of accelerated knee osteoarthritis: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Clin Anat 2018; 32:369-378. [PMID: 30521068 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We compared the spatial distribution of tibiofemoral cartilage change between individuals who will develop accelerated knee osteoarthritis (KOA) versus typical onset of KOA prior to the development of radiographic KOA. We conducted a longitudinal case-control analysis of 129 individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. We assessed the percent change in tibiofemoral cartilage on magnetic resonance images at 36 informative locations from 2 to 1 year prior to the development of accelerated (n = 44) versus typical KOA (n = 40). We defined cartilage change in the accelerated and typical KOA groups at 36 informative locations based on thresholds of cartilage percent change in a no KOA group (n = 45). We described the spatial patterns of cartilage change in the accelerated KOA and typical KOA groups and performed a logistic regression to determine if diffuse cartilage change (predictor; at least half of the tibiofemoral regions demonstrating change in multiple informative locations) was associated with KOA group (outcome). There was a non-significant trend that individuals with diffuse tibiofemoral cartilage change were 2.2 times more likely to develop accelerated knee OA when compared with individuals who develop typical knee OA (OR [95% CI] = 2.2 [0.90-5.14]. Adults with accelerated or typical KOA demonstrate heterogeneity in spatial distribution of cartilage thinning and thickening. These results provide preliminary evidence of a different spatial pattern of cartilage change between individuals who will develop accelerated versus typical KOA. These data suggest there may be different mechanisms driving the early structural disease progression between accelerated versus typical KOA. Clin. Anat. 32:369-378, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Harkey
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Julie E Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bing Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
| | - Grace H Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center of Excellence Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, Texas.,Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J Ward
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Computer Science and Networking, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shao-Hsien Liu
- Division of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases and Vulnerable Populations, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kate L Lapane
- Division of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases and Vulnerable Populations, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James W MacKay
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy E McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey B Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Du Y, Almajalid R, Shan J, Zhang M. A Novel Method to Predict Knee Osteoarthritis Progression on MRI Using Machine Learning Methods. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2018; 17:228-236. [PMID: 29994316 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2018.2840082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper explored the hidden biomedical information from knee magnetic resonance (MR) images for osteoarthritis (OA) prediction. We have computed the cartilage damage index (CDI) information from 36 informative locations on tibiofemoral cartilage compartment from 3-D MR imaging and used principal component analysis (PCA) analysis to process the feature set. Four machine learning methods (artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine, random forest, and naïve Bayes) were employed to predict the progression of OA, which was measured by the change of Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grade, Joint Space Narrowing on Medial compartment (JSM) grade, and Joint Space Narrowing on Lateral compartment (JSL) grade. To examine the different effects of medial and lateral informative locations, we have divided the 36-D feature set into a 18-D medial feature set and a 18-D lateral feature set and run the experiment on four classifiers separately. Experiment results showed that the medial feature set generated better prediction performance than the lateral feature set, while using the total 36-D feature set generated the best. PCA analysis is helpful in feature space reduction and performance improvement. For KL grade prediction, the best performance was achieved by ANN with AUC = 0.761 and F-measure = 0.714. For JSM grade prediction, the best performance was achieved by random forest with AUC = 0.785 and F-measure = 0.743, while for JSL grade prediction, the best performance was achieved by ANN with AUC = 0.695 and F-measure = 0.796. As experiment results showing that the informative locations on medial compartment provide more distinguishing features than informative locations on the lateral compartment, it could be considered to select more points from the medial compartment while reducing the number of points from the lateral compartment to improve clinical CDI design.
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13
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McAlindon TE, LaValley MP, Harvey WF, Price LL, Driban JB, Zhang M, Ward RJ. Effect of Intra-articular Triamcinolone vs Saline on Knee Cartilage Volume and Pain in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2017; 317:1967-1975. [PMID: 28510679 PMCID: PMC5815012 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.5283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Synovitis is common and is associated with progression of structural characteristics of knee osteoarthritis. Intra-articular corticosteroids could reduce cartilage damage associated with synovitis but might have adverse effects on cartilage and periarticular bone. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of intra-articular injection of 40 mg of triamcinolone acetonide every 3 months on progression of cartilage loss and knee pain. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of intra-articular triamcinolone vs saline for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with ultrasonic features of synovitis in 140 patients. Mixed-effects regression models with a random intercept were used to analyze the longitudinal repeated outcome measures. Patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2 or 3, were enrolled at Tufts Medical Center beginning February 11, 2013; all patients completed the study by January 1, 2015. INTERVENTIONS Intra-articular triamcinolone (n = 70) or saline (n = 70) every 12 weeks for 2 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Annual knee magnetic resonance imaging for quantitative evaluation of cartilage volume (minimal clinically important difference not yet defined), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index collected every 3 months (Likert pain subscale range, 0 [no pain] to 20 [extreme pain]; minimal clinically important improvement, 3.94). RESULTS Among 140 randomized patients (mean age, 58 [SD, 8] years, 75 women [54%]), 119 (85%) completed the study. Intra-articular triamcinolone resulted in significantly greater cartilage volume loss than did saline for a mean change in index compartment cartilage thickness of -0.21 mm vs -0.10 mm (between-group difference, -0.11 mm; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.03 mm); and no significant difference in pain (-1.2 vs -1.9; between-group difference, -0.6; 95% CI, -1.6 to 0.3). The saline group had 3 treatment-related adverse events compared with 5 in the triamcinolone group and had a small increase in hemoglobin A1c levels (between-group difference, -0.2%; 95% CI, -0.5% to -0.007%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, 2 years of intra-articular triamcinolone, compared with intra-articular saline, resulted in significantly greater cartilage volume loss and no significant difference in knee pain. These findings do not support this treatment for patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01230424.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael P. LaValley
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William F. Harvey
- Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey B. Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J. Ward
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Mortada M, Zeid A, Al-Toukhy MAEH, Ezzeldin N, Elgawish M. Reliability of a Proposed Ultrasonographic Grading Scale for Severity of Primary Knee Osteoarthritis. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2016; 9:161-6. [PMID: 27478389 PMCID: PMC4959458 DOI: 10.4137/cmamd.s38141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the concordance of a grading scale (0–4) of medial femoral osteophytes in knee joint detected by ultrasound (US) compared with the corresponding grades (0–4) of Kellgren–Lawrence (K&L) scale of conventional radiography and clinical joint examination. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional observational study included 160 patients with knee pain who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and 20 patients with knee pain who have not fulfilled the ACR criteria for KOA. All patients were subjected to clinical assessment (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis and global visual analog scale) and radiological assessment in the form of X-ray grading according to K&L grading scale and ultrasonographic assessment of medial femoral osteophytes according to a scale that was proposed by the first author and consisted of five grades (0–4), where grade 0 denoted no osteoarthritis and grade 4 denoted the most advanced grade of KOA. Grade 2 was divided into two subgrades A and B with grade 2B considered as a more advanced stage than grade 2A. RESULTS The proposed US grading scale had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the different grades of KOA compared with K&L grading scale (a total sensitivity of 94.6% and a total specificity of 93.3%). Intra- and interreader reliability of US was excellent (kappa >0.93 and >0.85, respectively). CONCLUSIONS US can reliably detect the severity of KOA. Good agreement was found between the proposed US grading scale and K&L grading scale. The proposed US grading scale is simple and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mortada
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman Zeid
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Nillie Ezzeldin
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M Elgawish
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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