1
|
Mostosi D, Molinaro M, Saccone S, Torrente Y, Villa C, Farini A. Exploring the Gut Microbiota-Muscle Axis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5589. [PMID: 38891777 PMCID: PMC11171690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining the dynamic balance of intestinal epithelial and immune cells, crucial for overall organ homeostasis. Dysfunctions in these intricate relationships can lead to inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recent findings uncovered the existence of a gut-muscle axis, revealing how alterations in the gut microbiota can disrupt regulatory mechanisms in muscular and adipose tissues, triggering immune-mediated inflammation. In the context of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), alterations in intestinal permeability stand as a potential origin of molecules that could trigger muscle degeneration via various pathways. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, or fragments of bacteria themselves, may have the ability to migrate from the gut into the bloodstream and ultimately infiltrate distant muscle tissues, exacerbating localized pathologies. These insights highlight alternative pathological pathways in DMD beyond the musculoskeletal system, paving the way for nutraceutical supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy. Understanding the complex interplay between the gut microbiota, immune system, and muscular health offers new perspectives for therapeutic interventions beyond conventional approaches to efficiently counteract the multifaceted nature of DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Mostosi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Monica Molinaro
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabrina Saccone
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dino Ferrari Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (Y.T.); (C.V.)
| | - Andrea Farini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tripodi L, Molinaro D, Farini A, Cadiao G, Villa C, Torrente Y. Flavonoids and Omega3 Prevent Muscle and Cardiac Damage in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Animal Model. Cells 2021; 10:2917. [PMID: 34831140 PMCID: PMC8616158 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceutical products possess various anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, cardiotonic, and antioxidant pharmacological activities that could be useful in preventing oxidative damage, mainly induced by reactive oxygen species. Previously published data showed that a mixture of polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids, mediate an antioxidative response in mdx mice, Duchenne muscular dystrophy animal model. Dystrophic muscles are characterized by low regenerative capacity, fibrosis, fiber necrosis, inflammatory process, altered autophagic flux and inadequate anti-oxidant response. FLAVOmega β is a mixture of flavonoids and docosahexaenoic acid. In this study, we evaluated the role of these supplements in the amelioration of the pathological phenotype in dystrophic mice through in vitro and in vivo assays. FLAVOmega β reduced inflammation and fibrosis, dampened reactive oxygen species production, and induced an oxidative metabolic switch of myofibers, with consequent increase of mitochondrial activity, vascularization, and fatigue resistance. Therefore, we propose FLAVOmega β as food supplement suitable for preventing muscle weakness, delaying inflammatory milieu, and sustaining physical health in patients affected from DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.T.); (D.M.); (A.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.T.); (D.M.); (A.F.); (G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
An Overview of Physical Exercise and Antioxidant Supplementation Influences on Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101528. [PMID: 34679663 PMCID: PMC8532825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the essential injuries caused by moderate to high-intensity and short-duration physical activities is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging various body tissues such as skeletal muscle (SM). However, ROS is easily controlled by antioxidant defense systems during low to moderate intensity and long-term exercises. In stressful situations, antioxidant supplements are recommended to prevent ROS damage. We examined the response of SM to ROS generation during exercise using an antioxidant supplement treatment strategy in this study. The findings of this review research are paradoxical due to variances in antioxidant supplements dose and duration, intensity, length, frequency, types of exercise activities, and, in general, the lack of a regular exercise and nutrition strategy. As such, further research in this area is still being felt.
Collapse
|
4
|
Timpani CA, Mamchaoui K, Butler-Browne G, Rybalka E. Nitric Oxide (NO) and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: NO Way to Go? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121268. [PMID: 33322149 PMCID: PMC7764682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discordance between pre-clinical success and clinical failure of treatment options for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is significant. The termination of clinical trials investigating the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil (which prolong the second messenger molecule of nitric oxide (NO) signaling), are prime examples of this. Both attenuated key dystrophic features in the mdx mouse model of DMD yet failed to modulate primary outcomes in clinical settings. We have previously attempted to modulate NO signaling via chronic nitrate supplementation of the mdx mouse but failed to demonstrate beneficial modulation of key dystrophic features (i.e., metabolism). Instead, we observed increased muscle damage and nitrosative stress which exacerbated MD. Here, we highlight that acute nitrite treatment of human DMD myoblasts is also detrimental and suggest strategies for moving forward with NO replacement therapy in DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans 3021, Victoria, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8395-8206
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS974 Paris, France; (K.M.); (G.B.-B.)
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS974 Paris, France; (K.M.); (G.B.-B.)
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans 3021, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sitzia C, Meregalli M, Belicchi M, Farini A, Arosio M, Bestetti D, Villa C, Valenti L, Brambilla P, Torrente Y. Preliminary Evidences of Safety and Efficacy of Flavonoids- and Omega 3-Based Compound for Muscular Dystrophies Treatment: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial. Front Neurol 2019; 10:755. [PMID: 31396142 PMCID: PMC6664031 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nutritional compounds can exert both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Since these events exacerbate the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies, we investigated nutraceutical supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in dystrophic patients, to low costs and easy route of administration. Moreover, this treatment could represent an alternative therapeutic strategy for dystrophic patients who do not respond to corticosteroid treatment. Objective: A 24 weeks randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study was aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of daily oral administration of flavonoids- and omega3-based natural supplement (FLAVOMEGA) in patients affected by muscular dystrophy with recognized muscle inflammation. Design: We screened 60 patients diagnosed for Duchenne (DMD), Facioscapulohumeral (FSHD), and Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD). Using a computer-generated random allocation sequence, we stratified patients in a 2:1:1 ratio (DMD:FSHD:LGMD) to one of two treatment groups: continuous FLAVOMEGA, continuous placebo. Of 29 patients included, only 24 completed the study: 15 were given FLAVOMEGA, 14 placebo. Results: FLAVOMEGA was well tolerated with no reported adverse events. Significant treatment differences in the change from baseline in 6 min walk distance (6MWD; secondary efficacy endpoint) (P = 0.033) and in isokinetic knee extension (P = 0.039) (primary efficacy endpoint) were observed in LGMD and FSHD subjects. Serum CK levels (secondary efficacy endpoint) decreased in all FLAVOMEGA treated groups with significant difference in DMD subjects (P = 0.039). Conclusions: Although the small number of patients and the wide range of disease severity among patients reduced statistical significance, we obtained an optimal profile of safety and tolerability for the compound, showing valuable data of efficacy in primary and secondary endpoints. Trial registration number: NCT03317171 Retrospectively registered 25/10/2017
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Sitzia
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Unit of Neurology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Meregalli
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Unit of Neurology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Unit of Neurology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Unit of Neurology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Arosio
- Service of Physiotherapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Bestetti
- Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Unit of Neurology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hepatology, Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Desio Hospital, University Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Unit of Neurology, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centro Dino Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farini A, Gowran A, Bella P, Sitzia C, Scopece A, Castiglioni E, Rovina D, Nigro P, Villa C, Fortunato F, Comi GP, Milano G, Pompilio G, Torrente Y. Fibrosis Rescue Improves Cardiac Function in Dystrophin-Deficient Mice and Duchenne Patient-Specific Cardiomyocytes by Immunoproteasome Modulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:339-353. [PMID: 30448404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) develop a progressive dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Standard treatments consider the use of β-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors that are symptomatic and unspecific toward DMD disease. Medications that target DMD cardiac fibrosis are in the early stages of development. We found immunoproteasome dysregulation in affected hearts of mdx mice (murine animal model of DMD) and cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with DMD. Interestingly, immunoproteasome inhibition ameliorated cardiomyopathy in mdx mice and reduced the development of cardiac fibrosis. Establishing the immunoproteasome inhibition-dependent cardioprotective role suggests the possibility of modulating the immunoproteasome as new and clinically relevant treatment to rescue dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Bella
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- UOC SMEL-1, Scuola di Specializzazione di Patologia Clinica e Biochimica Clinica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Castiglioni
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rovina
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nigro
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Fortunato
- Neurology Unit, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neurology Unit, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Unit of Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banfi S, D'Antona G, Ruocco C, Meregalli M, Belicchi M, Bella P, Erratico S, Donato E, Rossi F, Bifari F, Lonati C, Campaner S, Nisoli E, Torrente Y. Supplementation with a selective amino acid formula ameliorates muscular dystrophy in mdx mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14659. [PMID: 30279586 PMCID: PMC6168581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common and severe forms of muscular dystrophy. Oxidative myofibre content, muscle vasculature architecture and exercise tolerance are impaired in DMD. Several studies have demonstrated that nutrient supplements ameliorate dystrophic features, thereby enhancing muscle performance. Here, we report that dietary supplementation with a specific branched-chain amino acid-enriched mixture (BCAAem) increased the abundance of oxidative muscle fibres associated with increased muscle endurance in dystrophic mdx mice. Amelioration of the fatigue index in BCAAem-treated mdx mice was caused by a cascade of events in the muscle tissue, which were promoted by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. VEGF induction led to recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitors (EPs), which increased the capillary density of dystrophic skeletal muscle. Functionally, BCAAem mitigated the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice without inducing dystrophin protein expression or replacing the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (DAG) complex in the membrane, which is typically lost in DMD. BCAAem supplementation could be an effective adjuvant strategy in DMD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Banfi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Antona
- Department of Public Health, Molecular and Forensic Medicine, and Sport Medicine Centre Voghera, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Italy
| | - Mirella Meregalli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Bella
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Donato
- Centre for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, 20139, Italy.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Italy
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Lonati
- Center for Surgical Research, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Centre for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, 20129, Italy.
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pan H, Li Y, Qian H, Qi X, Wu G, Zhang H, Xu M, Rao Z, Li JL, Wang L, Ying H. Effects of Geniposide from Gardenia Fruit Pomace on Skeletal-Muscle Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5802-5811. [PMID: 29771121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide is the main bioactive constituent of gardenia fruit. Skeletal-muscle fibrosis is a common and irreversibly damaging process. Numerous studies have shown that geniposide could improve many chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome and tumors. However, the effects of geniposide on skeletal-muscle fibrosis are still poorly understood. Here, we found that crude extracts of gardenia fruit pomace could significantly decrease the expression of profibrotic genes in vitro. Moreover, geniposide could also reverse profibrotic-gene expression induced by TGF-β and Smad4, a regulator of skeletal-muscle fibrosis. In addition, geniposide treatment could significantly downregulate profibrotic-gene expression and improve skeletal-muscle injuries in a mouse model of contusion. These results together suggest that geniposide has an antifibrotic effect on skeletal muscle through the suppression of the TGF-β-Smad4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Xiguang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- School of Pharmacy , Nantong University , Nantong 226001 , China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , Lihu Avenue 1800 , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Hao Ying
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road , Shanghai 200031 , China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of (−)-epicatechin on frontal cortex DAPC and dysbindin of the mdx mice. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:142-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|