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Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Iellamo F, Marazzi G, Manzi V, D’Antoni V, Vadalà S, Di Biasio D, Catena M, Morsella V, Perrone MA. Changes in left atrial function following two regimens of combined exercise training in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: a pilot study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1377958. [PMID: 38774661 PMCID: PMC11106494 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1377958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Left atrial dysfunction has shown to play a prognostic role in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and is becoming a therapeutic target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. The effects of exercise training on the atrial function in patients with ICM have been poorly investigated. In the present study, we assessed the effects of a 12-week combined training (CT) program on the left atrial function in patients with ICM. Methods We enlisted a total of 45 clinically stable patients and randomly assigned them to one of the following three groups: 15 to a supervised CT with low-frequency sessions (twice per week) (CTLF); 15 to a supervised CT with high-frequency sessions (thrice per week) (CTHF); and 15 to a control group following contemporary preventive exercise guidelines at home. At baseline and 12 weeks, all patients underwent a symptom-limited exercise test and echocardiography. The training included aerobic continuous exercise and resistance exercise. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare within- and inter-group changes. Results At 12 weeks, the CTLF and CTHF groups showed a similar increase in the duration of the ergometric test compared with the control (ANOVA p < 0.001). The peak atrial longitudinal strain significantly increased in the CTHF group, while it was unchanged in the CTLF and control groups (ANOVA p = 0.003). The peak atrial contraction strain presented a significant improvement in the CTHF group compared with the CTLF and control groups. The left ventricular global longitudinal strain significantly increased in both the CTHF and the CTLF groups compared with the control group (ANOVA p = 0.017). The systolic blood pressure decreased in the CTHF and CTLF groups, while it was unchanged in the control group. There were no side effects causing the discontinuation of the training. Conclusions We demonstrated that a CT program effectively improved atrial function in patients with ICM in a dose-effect manner. This result can help with programming exercise training in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caminiti
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Iellamo
- Division of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Manzi
- Department of Wellbeing, Nutrition and Sport, Pegaso Open University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sara Vadalà
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Catena
- Cardiology Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Division of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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2
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Dahleh MMM, Araujo SM, Bortolotto VC, Torres SP, Machado FR, Meichtry LB, Musachio EAS, Guerra GP, Prigol M. The implications of exercise in Drosophila melanogaster: insights into Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway associated with Hsp70 regulation in redox balance maintenance. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:479-493. [PMID: 37500966 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of exercise on the responses of energy metabolism, redox balance maintenance, and apoptosis regulation in Drosophila melanogaster to shed more light on the mechanisms underlying the increased performance that this emerging exercise model provides. Three groups were evaluated for seven days: the control (no exercise or locomotor limitations), movement-limited flies (MLF) (no exercise, with locomotor limitations), and EXE (with exercise, no locomotor limitations). The EXE flies demonstrated greater endurance-like tolerance in the swimming test, associated with increased citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate levels, and metabolic markers in exercise. Notably, the EXE protocol regulated the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway, which was associated with decreased Hsp70 activation, culminating in glutathione turnover regulation. Moreover, reducing the locomotion environment in the MLF group decreased endurance-like tolerance and did not alter citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, or lactate levels. The MLF treatment promoted a pro-oxidant effect, altering the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway and increasing Hsp70 levels, leading to a poorly-regulated glutathione system. Lastly, we demonstrated that exercise could modulate major metabolic responses in Drosophila melanogaster aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, associated with apoptosis and cellular redox balance maintenance in an emergent exercise model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratory Human and Animal Bio Health, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza, PR, CEP 85770-000, Brazil
| | | | - Stéphanie Perreira Torres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Franciéle Romero Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil.
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Huang Y, Dong X, Xu L, Cao X, Sun S. Additional health education and nutrition management cause more weight loss than concurrent training in overweight young females. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 51:101721. [PMID: 36669325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effect of concurrent training and the addition of health education and nutrition management on body composition and health-related outcomes. METHODS Twenty-four healthy overweight females (20.42 ± 1.02 years, body mass index [BMI] 25.83 ± 3.63 kg∙m-2) were assigned to a concurrent training group (Exe, n = 12) or a concurrent training and health education group (Exe + Edu, n = 12). Both groups completed 8 weeks of concurrent training (6 days/week), whereas the Exe + Edu participants received additional health education and controlled daily energy intake within the basal metabolic rate. Body composition, serum glucose, lipids and related hormones were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS After intervention, the Exe group lost 2.47 kg (±2.46) of body mass, 2.44 kg (±1.71) of total fat mass (FM), corresponding to a body fat percentage (BF%) of 2.25%. Losses of body mass, total FM and BF% in the Exe + Edu group were -5.19 ± 1.87 kg, -4.42 ± 1.83 kg and -4.33 ± 2.39%, respectively. The Exe + Edu participants had significantly greater reductions of body mass, total FM, and trunk and leg FM relative to the Exe participants (p < 0.05). Serum glucose, lipids, insulin and progesterone levels were improved in both groups without group difference. CONCLUSION Concurrent training is an effective short-term training strategy for reducing FM and improving fasting glucose, blood lipids and related hormones. Furthermore, the combination of additional health education can achieve greater effects on weight loss and the reduction of total and regional FM, which may be a better obesity treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Huang
- Department of Physical and Art, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Dong
- Central Primary School, Liyuan Town, Tongzhou District, Beijing, 101121, China.
| | - Liqian Xu
- Beijing Foreign Languages School, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Xiaona Cao
- Beijing Sport University Hospital, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shengyan Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
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4
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Pereira RM, da Cruz Rodrigues KC, Sant'Ana MR, Peruca GF, Anaruma CP, de Campos TDP, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, de Melo DG, Simabuco FM, da Silva ASR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Pauli JR, de Moura LP. Short-term combined training reduces hepatic steatosis and improves hepatic insulin signaling. Life Sci 2021; 287:120124. [PMID: 34748760 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is directly associated with hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, which is correlated with hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic and strength training have been pointed out as efficient strategies against hepatic steatosis. However, little is known about the effects of the combination of those two protocols on hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of short-term combined training (STCT) on glucose homeostasis and in the synthesis and oxidation of fat in the liver of obesity-induced mice with hepatic steatosis. Swiss mice were distributed into three groups: control lean (CTL), sedentary obese (OB), and combined training obese (CTO). The CTO group performed the STCT protocol, which consisted of strength and aerobic exercises in the same session. The protocol lasted seven days. The CTO group reduced the glucose levels and fatty liver when compared to the OB group. Interestingly, these results were observed even without reductions in body adiposity. CTO group also showed increased hepatic insulin sensitivity, with lower hepatic glucose production (HGP). STCT reduced the expression of the lipogenic genes Fasn and Scd1 and hepatic inflammation, as well as increased the ACC phosphorylation and the oxidative genes Cpt1a and Ppara, reverting the complications caused by obesity. Since this protocol increased lipid oxidation and reduced hepatic lipogenesis, regardless of body fat mass decrease, it can be considered an effective non-pharmacological strategy for the treatment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins Pereira
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Kellen Cristina da Cruz Rodrigues
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Francisco Peruca
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Chadi Pellegrini Anaruma
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Motricity Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Thaís Dantis Pereira de Campos
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dos Santos Canciglieri
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes de Melo
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
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5
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Pito PG, Cardoso JR, Tufano J, Guariglia D. Effects of Concurrent Training on 1RM and VO2 in Adults: Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:297-304. [PMID: 34638141 DOI: 10.1055/a-1506-3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of concurrent training on one repetition maximum (1RM), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in healthy adults. The review followed PRISMA recommendations using randomized controlled trials in nine databases. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, totaling a sample of 796 subjects to perform the meta-analysis. As result, concurrent training provides similar increases in 1RM as strength training for upper limbs (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.12; 95% IC: [-0.18; 0.41]; p=0.43) and for the lower limbs (SMD: -0.32; 95% IC: [-0.79; 0.15]; p=0.19). Similarly, no difference was found in the aerobic capacity between the concurrent training vs. aerobic training groups ([SMD - VO2max]: -0.19; 95% IC: [-0.71; 0.33]; p=0.48 and [SMD - VO2peak]: -0.24; 95% IC: [-0.57; 0.08]; p=0.14). Based on the results found, we can affirm that a) similar to strength training, concurrent training provides maximum strength development for upper and lower limbs; and b) cardiorespiratory capacity is not impaired by concurrent training in relation to aerobic training, demonstrating the compatibility of the two training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gabriel Pito
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Jacarezinho, Brazil.,Physical Education Department, Faculdade Estácio de Sá de Ourinhos, Ourinhos, Brazil
| | - Jefferson R Cardoso
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Clinical Epidemiology, PAIFIT Research Group, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - James Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Débora Guariglia
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Jacarezinho, Brazil.,Physical Education Department, Faculdade Estácio de Sá de Ourinhos, Ourinhos, Brazil
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6
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Nascimento C, Peixoto MS, Fonte Boa LF, de Faria CC, Costa TSF, Matta L, Ferreira ACF, Fortunato RS. The Effects of Combined Physical Exercise on Serum Redox Biomarkers and Leukocyte DNA Damage of Obese Women. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6638420. [PMID: 33868573 PMCID: PMC8032510 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6638420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is usually linked to oxidative stress, which can lead to damage to biomolecules. The combination of aerobic and strength exercises seems to induce health benefits in obese individuals, but little is known about the effects of combined physical exercise on redox homeostasis and DNA damage in this population. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of 16 weeks of combined physical exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage in obese women. 17 obese women underwent 16 weeks of a combined physical training program, 3 times per week. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activity, plasma 8-isoprostane levels, and DNA and chromosomal damage were evaluated before and after physical training. Combined physical exercise training decreased body weight (83.2 ± 9.6 vs. 80.2 ± 9.6 kg), body mass index (33.8 ± 3.6 vs. 32.6 ± 3.7 kg·m-2), body fat (40.2 ± 2.6 vs. 39.0 ± 3.2%), and waist circumference (99.3 ± 9.4 vs. 94.1 ± 8.8 cm), while the fat-free mass was augmented (59.9 ± 2.9 vs. 60.7 ± 3.1 kg). Moreover, blood glucose reduced (113.5 ± 29.6 vs. 107.3 ± 28.9 mg/dL) along with high-density lipoprotein (54.6 ± 18.1 vs. 59.0 ± 18.8 mg/dL), TSH (2.1 ± 1.1 vs. 2.6 ± 1.2 mIU/mL), and free T4 (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.12 ± 0.2 ng/dL) increase after physical exercise training. Plasma 8-isoprostane levels (17.24 ± 7.9 vs. 29.11 ± 17.44 pg/mL) and DNA damage (34.16 ± 7.1 vs. 45.96 ± 5.8% DNA in tail) were also higher after physical training. No changes were observed in chromosomal damage levels. These results suggest that 16 weeks of combined exercise training 3 times per week is effective in reducing body fat but also increases oxidative stress and DNA damage in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Nascimento
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Simões Peixoto
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Fonte Boa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tulio Senna Fonseca Costa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Matta
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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A Short-Term Resistance Training Circuit Improved Antioxidants in Sedentary Adults with Down Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8811153. [PMID: 33532037 PMCID: PMC7840230 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8811153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found aerobic training improved oxidative damage in people with Down syndrome (DS). However, there is a lack of information regarding the influence of resistance training on redox imbalance in this population. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the effect of resistance training (RT) on antioxidant defence system in sedentary adults with DS. Thirty-six male adults with DS were recruited through different community support groups. Eighteen were randomly assigned to perform a circuit RT program with 6 stations, 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), reduced glutathione (GHS), ascorbate, serum α-tocopherol, and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity were assessed. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl groups (CG) were assessed as markers of oxidative damage. Muscle strength was also measured. Dynamic torque of knee extensors and flexors as well as maximal handgrip strength was significantly improved after the completion of the training program. Plasma levels of TAS and erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GR) activity were significantly increased. Conversely, MDA and CG levels were significantly reduced. It was concluded RT improved antioxidant defence system and reduced oxidative damage in adults with DS. Further, long-term studies are required to determine whether the increased antioxidant system may improve clinical outcomes of adults with DS.
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Rytz CL, Pialoux V, Mura M, Martin A, Hogan DB, Hill MD, Poulin MJ. Impact of aerobic exercise, sex, and metabolic syndrome on markers of oxidative stress: results from the Brain in Motion study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:748-756. [PMID: 32105521 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00667.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be involved in disease pathology and dependent on both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. This study aimed to assess exercise-induced changes in markers of oxidative stress among older, sedentary adults and to determine the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) status, aerobic capacity, age, sex, and weight on these biomarkers. Two hundred and six participants (means ± SE; 66.8 ± 6.4 yr, 104 women) of the Brain in Motion study underwent a 6-mo aerobic exercise intervention. At three time points, venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for markers of oxidative stress [advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and antioxidant status: catalase, uric acid (UA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)]. AOPP levels significantly decreased after 6 mo of aerobic exercise (P = 0.003). This decrease was not modified by MetS status (P = 0.183). Subjects with MetS possessed significantly higher levels of AOPP (P < 0.001), MDA (P = 0.004), and FRAP (P = 0.049) across the intervention (months 0-6). Men possessed significantly higher levels of FRAP (P < 0.001), catalase (P = 0.023), and UA (P = 0.037) across the intervention (months 0-6). Sex-MetS status interaction analyses revealed that the effect of MetS is highly sex dependent. These findings are multifaceted because the effect of MetS status seems distinctly different between sexes, pointing to the importance of acknowledging modifiable and nonmodifiable factor differences in individuals who possess conditions where oxidative stress may be part of the etiology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Oxidative stress is implicated in a myriad of conditions, namely cardiovascular disease risk factors. This article details the effect of aerobic exercise, sex, and metabolic syndrome on markers of oxidative stress. We conclude that 6 mo of aerobic exercise significantly decreased oxidative stress, and further, that there is an effect of metabolic syndrome status on oxidative stress and antioxidant status levels, which are highly dependent on the sex of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal L Rytz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Villeurbanne, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Mura
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agnès Martin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David B Hogan
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Celik H, Kilic T, Kaplan DS, Eren MA, Erel O, Karakilcik AZ, Bagci C. The effect of newly initiated exercise training on dynamic thiol / disulphide homeostasis in sedentary obese adults. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180930. [PMID: 31800697 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis, an indicator of oxidative stress, to investigate the effects of newly initiated exercise training on sedentary obese adults. Seventeen sedentary obese adults and 15 normal-weight controls were included in the sample for this study. The obese adults were given a physical exercise training program that lasted twelve weeks. Before and after the exercise training program, blood samples were collected, and serum thiol/disulphide parameters were measured by using a novel technique. Before the start of the exercise training, it was observed that thiol/disulphide homeostasis was impaired, and this impairment was positively correlated with body mass index in sedentary obese adults because of the higher reactive oxygen species production in adipose tissue. However, while the obese participants' body mass index significantly decreased, the thiol/disulphide homeostasis parameters in the obese adults did not change over time as calculated at the baseline and compared to the calculation after the twelve weeks of exercise training. Despite a decrease in body mass index that occurred after the twelve weeks of exercise training, there was a lack of improvement in the obesity-induced impairment of thiol/disulphide homeostasis, which suggests that a newly initiated exercise training program may lead to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Celik
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Harran University, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Tugba Kilic
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, 27000 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Davut S Kaplan
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, 27000 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet A Eren
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Harran University, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Yildirim Beyazit University, 6000 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Z Karakilcik
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Harran University, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Cahit Bagci
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Sakarya University, 54050 Sakarya, Turkey
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10
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Callegaro CC, Hoffmeister AD, Porto FG, Chaves L, Horn RC, Tissiani AC, Bianchi P, Taylor JA. Inspiratory threshold loading reduces lipoperoxidation in obese and normal-weight subjects. Physiol Int 2019; 106:158-167. [PMID: 31271310 DOI: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is related to increased oxidative stress. Although low-intensity physical exercise reduces oxidative stress, obese subjects may show exercise intolerance. For these subjects, inspiratory threshold loading could be an alternative tool to reduce oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of inspiratory threshold loading on biomarkers of oxidative stress in obese and normal-weight subjects. Twenty obese (31.4 ± 6 years old, 10 men and 10 women, 37.5 ± 4.7 kg/m2) and 20 normal-weight (29.4 ± 8 years old, 10 men and 10 women, 23.2 ± 1.5 kg/m2) subjects matched for age and gender participated in the study. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was assessed by a pressure transducer. Blood sampling was performed before and after loading and control protocols to assess thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonylation, and reduced glutathione. Inspiratory threshold loading was performed at 60% MIP and maintained until task failure. The 30-min control protocol was performed at 0 cmH2O. Our results demonstrated that inspiratory threshold loading reduced TBARS across time in obese (6.21 ± 2.03 to 4.91 ± 2.14 nmol MDA/ml) and normal-weight subjects (5.60 ± 3.58 to 4.69 ± 2.80 nmol MDA/ml; p = 0.007), but no change was observed in protein carbonyls and glutathione in both groups. The control protocol showed no significant changes in TBARS and protein carbonyls. However, reduced glutathione was increased across time in both groups (obese: from 0.50 ± 0.37 to 0.56 ± 0.35 μmol GSH/ml; normal-weight: from 0.61 ± 0.11 to 0.81 ± 0.23 μmol GSH/ml; p = 0.002). These findings suggest that inspiratory threshold loading could be potentially used as an alternative tool to reduce oxidative stress in both normal-weight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Callegaro
- 1 Laboratory of Physiology and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A D Hoffmeister
- 2 Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ) , Ijuí, Brazil.,3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - F G Porto
- 2 Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ) , Ijuí, Brazil.,3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - L Chaves
- 3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - R C Horn
- 2 Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health (PPGAIS-UNIJUI/UNICRUZ) , Ijuí, Brazil.,3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | | | - Pda Bianchi
- 3 University of Cruz Alta , Cruz Alta, Brazil
| | - J A Taylor
- 4 Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Simental‐Mendía LE, Sahebkar A. Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12385-12392. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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12
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Acute Strenuous Exercise Induces an Imbalance on Histone H4 Acetylation/Histone Deacetylase 2 and Increases the Proinflammatory Profile of PBMC of Obese Individuals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1530230. [PMID: 29142617 PMCID: PMC5671743 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1530230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the response of global histone H4 acetylation (H4ac), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines and monocyte phenotypes of lean and obese males after exercise. Ten lean and ten obese sedentary men were submitted to one session of strenuous exercise, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Global H4ac levels, HDAC2 activity in PBMC, and IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α production were analyzed. Monocyte phenotype was determined in accordance with the expression of CD14 and CD16. At rest, obese individuals presented higher frequency of proinflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes. LPS induced a significant augment in global H4ac and in the production of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α mainly in obese individuals. After exercise, the increased production of IL-8 and TNF-α and peripheral frequency of CD14+CD16+ were observed in both groups. In addition, exercise also induced a significant hyperacetylation of histone H4 and decreased HDAC2 activity in both nonstimulated and LPS-stimulated PBMC of obese individuals. Our data indicate that the obesity impacts on H4ac levels and that strenuous exercise leads to an enhanced chronic low-grade inflammation profile in obesity via an imbalance on H4ac/HDAC2.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oxidative stress describes an imbalance between production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage macromolecules. However, ROS may also serve as signaling molecules activating cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation and adaptation. This review describes alterations in metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and/or diabetes mellitus as well as responses to acute and chronic physical exercise. RECENT FINDINGS Chronic upregulation of oxidative stress associates with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While single bouts of exercise can transiently induce oxidative stress, chronic exercise promotes favorable oxidative adaptations with improvements in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose uptake. Although impaired antioxidant defense fails to scavenge ROS in metabolic diseases, chronic exercising can restore this abnormality. The different metabolic effects are likely due to variability of reactive species and discrepancies in temporal (acute vs. chronic) and local (subcellular distribution) patterns of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Fructose Consumption in the Development of Obesity and the Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise on the Hepatic Metabolism. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040405. [PMID: 28425939 PMCID: PMC5409744 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption has been growing exponentially and, concomitant with this, the increase in the incidence of obesity and associated complications has followed the same behavior. Studies indicate that fructose may be a carbohydrate with greater obesogenic potential than other sugars. In this context, the liver seems to be a key organ for understanding the deleterious health effects promoted by fructose consumption. Fructose promotes complications in glucose metabolism, accumulation of triacylglycerol in the hepatocytes, and alterations in the lipid profile, which, associated with an inflammatory response and alterations in the redox state, will imply a systemic picture of insulin resistance. However, physical exercise has been indicated for the treatment of several chronic diseases. In this review, we show how each exercise protocol (aerobic, strength, or a combination of both) promote improvements in the obesogenic state created by fructose consumption as an improvement in the serum and liver lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increase and decrease triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels) and a reduction of markers of inflammation caused by an excess of fructose. Therefore, it is concluded that the practice of aerobic physical exercise, strength training, or a combination of both is essential for attenuating the complications developed by the consumption of fructose.
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