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Iwar K, Ochar K, Seo YA, Ha BK, Kim SH. Alliums as Potential Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8079. [PMID: 39125648 PMCID: PMC11312234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Allium plants, including onions, garlic, leeks, chives, and shallots, have long been recognized for their potential health benefits, particularly in oxidative and cancer prevention. Among them, onions and garlic have been extensively studied, unveiling promising biological activities that are indicative of their potential as potent antioxidant and anticancer agents. Research has revealed a rich repository of bioactive compounds in Allium species, highlighting their antioxidative properties and diverse mechanisms that target cancer cells. Compounds such as allicin, flavonoids, and organosulfur compounds (OSCs) exhibit notable antioxidant and anticancer properties, affecting apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of tumor proliferation. Moreover, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes enhance their potential in cancer therapy. Studies exploring other Allium species beyond onions and garlic have revealed similar biological activities, suggesting a broad spectrum of natural products that could serve as promising candidates for developing novel anticancer treatments. Understanding the multifaceted potential of Allium plants will pave the way for innovative strategies in oxidative and cancer treatment and prevention, offering new avenues for pharmaceutical research and dietary interventions. Therefore, in this review, we compile an extensive analysis of the diversity of various Allium species, emphasizing their remarkable potential as effective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanivalan Iwar
- National Agrobiodiversity Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (K.I.); (K.O.)
| | - Kingsley Ochar
- National Agrobiodiversity Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (K.I.); (K.O.)
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Bunso P.O. Box 7, Ghana
| | - Yun Am Seo
- Department of Data Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bo-Keun Ha
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Centre, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (K.I.); (K.O.)
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Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Extracts of Viscum continuum E. Mey. Ex Sprague, a South African Mistletoe. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162094. [PMID: 36015398 PMCID: PMC9412615 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Viscum continuum E. Mey. Ex Sprague is a woody evergreen semi-parasitic shrub that grows on the branches of other trees. It is used by African traditional healers for post-stroke management. This study reports on the qualitative phytochemical screening and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Viscum continuum’s acetone, methanol, hexane and dichloromethane extracts. Standard protocols for the phytochemical screening of extracts were employed. TLC bio-autography was used for qualitative antioxidants analysis. Assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, H2O2 free-radical scavenging and ferric chloride reducing power were carried out for quantitative antioxidant analysis. The antimicrobial potential of extracts was screened using disc diffusion, bio-autography and broth micro-dilution. The results indicate the presence of alkaloids, phenolics and tannins in all extracts. Acetone and methanol revealed significant amount of saponins, phenolics, tannins and terpenoids. The extracts exhibited significant antioxidant potential on TLC with positive compound bands at an Rf range of 0.05–0.89. DPPH, H2O2 and the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ assays indicated that methanol extract has a strong antioxidant potential, followed by acetone, DCM and lastly hexane. The extracts of Viscum continuum show the potential to be antibacterial agents. It can be concluded that Viscum continuum extracts contain phytochemicals which are capable of mitigating against chronic health conditions such as cancer, stroke and stress-related and infectious diseases.
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Do TH, Huynh TD, Vo KA, Nguyen KA, Cao TS, Nguyen KN, Nguyen HAH, Nguyen TTT, Le N, Truong D. Saponin‐rich fractions from
Codonopsis javanica
root extract and their in vitro antioxidant and anti‐enzymatic efficacy. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuong Ha Do
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tan Dat Huynh
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Khanh An Vo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Kiet Anh Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Tan Sang Cao
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Kim Ngan Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ho Anh Hao Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc Phuong Nghi Le
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Dieu‐Hien Truong
- Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Khan G N, Kumar N, Ballal R A, Datta D, Belle VS. Unveiling antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials of characterized Annona reticulata leaf extract in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:579-589. [PMID: 34674920 PMCID: PMC8642649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Annona reticulata (AR) also known as bullock's heart, is a traditional herb. AR leaf extract was initially investigated for its anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-helminthic, anti-stress, and wound healing properties. Only a few in vitro cancer studies have been conducted on AR. Although few studies have linked AR leaf extract to many cancers, comprehensive studies addressing regulation, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms leading to CC pathogenesis are clearly lacking. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to explore the antioxidant and anti-cancer potentials of AR leaf extract in CC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MTT assay was used to test the anti-proliferative activity of AR leaf extract in vitro on the HCT116 cell line. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization was carried out using gas chromatography: mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was used to establish CC model in female Wistar rats. The acute toxicity of AR leaf extract was tested in accordance with OECD guidelines. Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) count, organ index, and hematological estimations were used to screen for in vivo anti-cancer potential. The antioxidant activity of colon homogenate was determined. RESULTS The alcoholic leaf extract (IC50, 0.55 μg/ml) was found to be more potent than the aqueous extract. Using GC-MS, a total of 108 compounds were quantified in the alcoholic leaf extract. The LD 50 value was found to be safe at a dose of 98.11 mg/kg of body weight. AR alcoholic leaf extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased ACF count and normalized colon length/weight ratio. AR leaf extract increased RBC, hemoglobin and platelets levels. The AR alcoholic leaf extract reduced the DMH-induced tumors and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and decreased the lipid peroxidase activity. AR leaf extract reduced the inflammation caused by DMH and helped to repair the colon's damaged muscle layers. CONCLUSION Based on the findings from the present study, it can be concluded that the alcoholic leaf extract of AR has antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties and can aid in the prevention of CC development and dysplasia caused by DMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Khan G
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area Hajipur, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Abhijna Ballal R
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijetha Shenoy Belle
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Rhetso T, Shubharani R, Roopa MS, Sivaram V. Chemical constituents, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of Allium chinense G. Don. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Allium chinense G. Don is a medicinal and aromatic herb belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, characterized by a high saponin content. The previous report has mostly been focused on the bulb, and there is very limited work on the leaf. The information about biological and chemical constituent of A. chinense leaf is still inadequate in contrast to the investigations reported on the bulb. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the hexane extract of both bulb and leaf extract. Therefore, the present investigation was focused on identifying and characterization of the hexane extracts of A. chinense bulb and leaf quantitatively and by using the GC-MS method and to know its scavenging, antibacterial, and antifungal activity.
Results
Twenty-eight bioactive compounds were identified in the bulb and nine in the leaf extract by GC-MS analysis. The versatile compounds present in the bulb are 2-methyloctacosane (21.30%), tetracontane (14.05%), eicosane, 10-methyl (12.06%), heneicosane (8.46%), octadecyl trifluoroacetate (6.48%), and 1-heneicosanol (5.76%), whereas in the leaf, it was phytol (35.76%), tetratetracontane (18.49%), perhydrofarnesyl acetone (14.76%), and heptadecane, 2,6-dimethyl (10.79%). In quantitative estimation, saponins were estimated to have the highest with 375.000 ± 0.577 mg/g in the leaf and 163.750 ± 0.433 mg/g in the bulb. The DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity was found to be minimum in both the bulb (IC50 = 678.347 μg/ml) and leaf (IC50 = 533.337 μg/ml). A. chinense extracts of both leaf and bulb exerted potential antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Leaf extract exhibited greater antifungal activity than the bulb against Aspergillus niger.
Conclusion
From the analysis, the hexane leaf extract exhibited higher antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity than the bulb. Their superior activity might be due to the higher content of total saponin and terpenes. This result will lead to further in-depth research towards the potential use of this plant; the bio-constituents can be further isolated and used in medical and therapeutic applications.
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Xu J, Zhang M, Lin X, Wang Y, He X. A steroidal saponin isolated from Allium chinense simultaneously induces apoptosis and autophagy by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human gastric adenocarcinoma. Steroids 2020; 161:108672. [PMID: 32485185 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allium chinense, as a side dish on Asian table, is often used in folk medicine for its health benefits. (25R)-5α-spirostan-3β-yl-3-O-acetyl-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-d-galactopyranoside (A-24) is a bioactive steroidal saponin isolated from Allium chinense. Previously, we have shown that A-24 has cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, but not on normal cells. To further explore the underlying mechanisms, in this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of A-24 in human gastric cancer cell lines in terms of cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, induction of apoptosis/autophagy, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. A-24 showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity in SGC-7901 and AGS cell lines, it induced intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis as well as autophagy, G2/M phase arrest and modulation of cyclinB1, p-cdc2, p-wee1 and p-Histone H3 expression. Furthermore, A-24 downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and mTOR at Ser2448 in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and its downstream substrates p-p70S6K and p-4EBP1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the pre-treatment of tumor cells with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and LY294002 increased A-24-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings highlight the significance of downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in A-24-induced apoptosis and autophagy, and the potential application of A-24 as a novel candidate in the treatment of human gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingmei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhou X, Wu X, Qin L, Lu S, Zhang H, Wei J, Chen L, Jiang L, Wu Y, Chen C, Huang R. Anti-Breast Cancer Effect of 2-Dodecyl-6-Methoxycyclohexa-2,5-Diene-1,4-Dione in vivo and in vitro Through MAPK Signaling Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2667-2684. [PMID: 32764871 PMCID: PMC7369253 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s237699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background 2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD) has been reported to inhibit a variety of cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of DMDD on 4T1 breast cancer cells and the effects of DMDD on 4T1 breast cancer in mice and its molecular mechanisms. Methods 4T1 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of DMDD, and their proliferation, apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, migration, and invasion were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT, Acridine orange and ethidium bromide dual staining analysis (AO/EB) dual staining, flow cytometry, scratch test, and the Transwell assay. Relative quantitative real-time qPCR analysis and Western blot were applied to examine the expression levels of related genes and proteins. In animal experiments, we established a xenograft model to assess the anti-breast cancer effects of DMDD by evaluating the inhibition rate. The apoptotic activity of DMDD was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. The mRNA expression levels of MAPK pathway components were detected by relative quantitative real-time qPCR. In addition, the protein expression levels of MAPK pathway components were assessed through immunohistochemical assays and Western blotting. Results Experiments showed that DMDD could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion of 4T1 cells and induce cellular apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, DMDD down-regulated the mRNA expressions of raf1, mek1, mek2, erk1, erk2, bcl2, and up-regulated the mRNA expression of bax. DMDD reduced the protein expressions of p-raf1, p-mek, p-erk, p-p38, Bcl2, MMP2, MMP9 and increased the protein expressions of Bax and p-JNK. The results showed that DMDD can effectively reduce the tumor volume and weight of breast cancer in vivo, up-regulate the expression of IL-2, down-regulate the expression of IL-4 and IL-10, induce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells in mice, and regulate the expression of genes and proteins of the MAPK pathway. Conclusion Our study indicates that DMDD can inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Also, our findings indicate that DMDD induces the apoptosis of breast cancer cells and inhibits the growth in mice. Its mechanism may be related to the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchun Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Luhui Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunyu Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbin Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiu Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Luhui Jiang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yani Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Pham HNT, Vuong QV, Bowyer MC, Scarlett CJ. In vitro anti-pancreatic cancer activity of HPLC-derived fractions from Helicteres hirsuta Lour. stem. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:897-905. [PMID: 31724126 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Western societies. The absence of specific symptoms, late diagnosis and the resistance towards chemotherapy result in significant treatment difficulties. As such, it is important to find more effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of PC. Helicteres hirsuta Lour. (H. hirsuta) has been traditionally used in many countries for the treatment of various ailments, indicating that it contains potential therapeutic agents. This study aimed to derive different fractions from the saponin-enriched extract of H. hirsuta stem using RP-HPLC and examine the in vitro anti-pancreatic cancer activity of the derived fractions (F0-F5). With the exception of F0, the five fractions (F1-F5) possessed strong inhibitory activity against PC cells at IC50 values of 3.11-17.12 μg/mL. The flow cytometry assays revealed the active fractions caused cell cycle arrest at S phase and promoted apoptosis in MIAPaCa-2 PC cells. The LC/MS analysis revealed that the isolated fractions contained bioactive compounds, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, sagerinic acid, usnic acid, cucurbitacins and absinthin. It can be concluded that the fractions isolated from H. hirsuta stem exhibit potent in vitro anti-pancreatic cancer activity and thus warrant further in vivo studies to assess their activity against PC followed by isolation of individual bioactive compounds and the evaluation of their anti-pancreatic cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ngoc Thuy Pham
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Brush Road, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia. .,Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, No. 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam.
| | - Quan Van Vuong
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Brush Road, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia
| | - Michael C Bowyer
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Brush Road, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Brush Road, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia.
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Vafaee K, Dehghani S, Tahmasvand R, Saeed Abadi F, Irian S, Salimi M. Potent antitumor property of Allium bakhtiaricum extracts. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:116. [PMID: 31164129 PMCID: PMC6549325 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allium species are magnificently nutritious and are commonly used as a part of the diet in Iran. They have health enhancing benefits including anticancer properties due to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds. Herein, we investigated in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of Allium bakhtiaricum extracts. METHODS Anti-growth activity of different fractions was explored in vitro on different cancerous cells using MTT assay, Annexin V/PI and SA-β-gal staining, Western blotting, flowcytometric and immunofluorescence microscopic evaluations. In vivo antitumor activity was investigated in BALB/c mice bearing 4 T1 mammary carcinoma cells. RESULTS We demonstrated that chloroformic and ethyl acetate fractions exert cytotoxic activity toward MDA-MB-231 cells, the most sensitive cell line, after 72 h of treatment with IC50 values of 0.005 and 0.006 mg/ml, respectively. Incubation of MDA-MB-231 cells with ¼ and ½ IC50-72h concentrations of each fraction resulted in a significant G2/M cell cycle arrest. ¼ IC50-72h concentration of the chloroform fraction led to the disruption of polymerization in mitotic microtubules. Exposure of human breast cancer cells to different concentrations of the extracts at different incubation times did not induce apoptosis, autophagy or senescence. Our in vivo study revealed that administration of the chloroform extract at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day strongly suppressed mammary tumor progression and decreased the number of proliferative cells in the lung tissues indicating its anti-metastatic effect. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that the chloroform fraction of Allium bakhtiaricum possesses the suppressive action on breast cancer through mitotic cell cycle arrest suggesting a mechanism associated with disturbing microtubule polymerization.
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Qin N, Lu S, Chen N, Chen C, Xie Q, Wei X, Ye F, He J, Li Y, Chen L, Jiang L, Lu X, Yuan Y, Li J, Jiao Y, Huang R. Yulangsan polysaccharide inhibits 4T1 breast cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:971-980. [PMID: 30340007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Yulangsan polysaccharide (YLSPS) is derived from the root of Millettia pulchra (Benth.) Kurz var. Recent studies have postulated YLSPS as a regimen for cancer treatment. However, the underlying mechanism anti-breast cancer is still poorly unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the suppressive and apoptosis effect of YLSPS on the growth of breast cancer cell 4T1 and its possible underlying mechanism. In this study, breast cancer cell 4T1 viability and apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, relative quantitative real-time PCR and western blot after treated with drug-serum of YLSPS. Furthermore, therapy experiments were conducted using a Balb/c mouse transplanted tumor model of breast cancer. The number of apoptotic cells and microvascular density (MVD) in the tumor tissues were assessed by TUNEL and CD34 immunostaining. Immunohistochemical assays and ELISA were used to detect the expression of VEGF, Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in the tissues. The in vitro studies showed that the drug-serum of YLSPS significantly inhibition of proliferation and effectively induced apoptosis of 4T1 cells. Oral administration of YLSPS in the breast cancer models significantly reduced the tumor volume and weight. The enhanced antitumor efficacy was associated with decreased angiogenesis, an enhanced antioxidant capacity, an increased induction of apoptosis and an inhibition of lung metastasis. These findings indicate that YLSPS significantly inhibited mouse breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that YLSPS may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyin Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuqiao Xie
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fangxing Ye
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junhui He
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lixiu Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Luhui Jiang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuchan Yuan
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Pham HNT, Sakoff JA, Vuong QV, Bowyer MC, Scarlett CJ. Screening phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don stem extract and its fractions. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Soysa P, Jayarthne P, Ranathunga I. Water extract of Semecarpus parvifolia Thw. leaves inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis on HEp-2 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:78. [PMID: 29506521 PMCID: PMC5836384 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semecarpus parvifolia Thw is used as an ingredient of poly herbal decoctions to treat cancer in traditional medicine. The present study aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity on HEp 2 cells by the water extract of S. parvifolia leaves and to evaluate potential mechanisms. METHODS The plant extract was exposed to S. parvifolia for 24 hours and antiproliferative activity was quantified by Sulforhodamine B (SRB), 3-(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Morphological changes were observed after staining cells with ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) and Giemsa dye. Comet assay was performed to evaluate the DNA damage. The toxicity of the plant extract was determined by brine shrimp lethality assay. RESULTS S. parvifolia leaves reduced the cell proliferation in a dose and time dependent manner. A two fold increase in NO level was observed at higher concentrations. Morphological changes characteristic to apoptosis were observed in light microscopy, Giemsa and EB/AO stained cells. Fragmented DNA further confirmed its capacity to induce apoptosis. No lethality was observed with brine shrimps. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Semecarpus parvifolia Thw induces apoptosis in HEp-2 cells through a NO dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Soysa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Panchima Jayarthne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Imali Ranathunga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Diretto G, Rubio-Moraga A, Argandoña J, Castillo P, Gómez-Gómez L, Ahrazem O. Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Sulfur Compounds and Saponins in Different Parts of Garlic Cloves from Purple and White Ecotypes. Molecules 2017; 22:E1359. [PMID: 28825644 PMCID: PMC6152257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study set out to determine the distribution of sulfur compounds and saponin metabolites in different parts of garlic cloves. Three fractions from purple and white garlic ecotypes were obtained: the tunic (SS), internal (IS) and external (ES) parts of the clove. Liquid Chromatography coupled to High Resolution Mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), together with bioinformatics including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering (HCL) and correlation network analyses were carried out. Results showed that the distribution of these metabolites in the different parts of garlic bulbs was different for the purple and the white ecotypes, with the main difference being a slightly higher number of sulfur compounds in purple garlic. The SS fraction in purple garlic had a higher content of sulfur metabolites, while the ES in white garlic was more enriched by these compounds. The correlation network indicated that diallyl disulfide was the most relevant metabolite with regards to sulfur compound metabolism in garlic. The total number of saponins was almost 40-fold higher in purple garlic than in the white variety, with ES having the highest content. Interestingly, five saponins including desgalactotigonin-rhamnose, proto-desgalactotigonin, proto-desgalactotigonin-rhamnose, voghieroside D1, sativoside B1-rhamnose and sativoside R1 were exclusive to the purple variety. Data obtained from saponin analyses revealed a very different network between white and purple garlic, thus suggesting a very robust and tight coregulation of saponin metabolism in garlic. Findings in this study point to the possibility of using tunics from purple garlic in the food and medical industries, since it contains many functional compounds which can be exploited as ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Javier Argandoña
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Purificación Castillo
- Coopaman S.C.L., Departamento I+D, Carretera Peñas De San Pedro, km 1.6, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Tecnológico de la Fábrica de Armas, Avda, Carlos III, s/n, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Abdelrahman M, Mahmoud HYAH, El-Sayed M, Tanaka S, Tran LS. Isolation and characterization of Cepa2, a natural alliospiroside A, from shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) with anticancer activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 116:167-173. [PMID: 28577504 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of new and promising anticancer compounds continues to be one of the main tasks of cancer research because of the drug resistance, high cytotoxicity and limitations of tumor selectivity. Natural products represent a better choice for cancer treatment in comparison with synthetic compounds because of their pharmacokinetic properties and lower side effects. In the current study, we isolated a steroidal saponin, named Cepa2, from the dry roots of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group), and determined its structure by using two-dimensional nuclear manganic resonance (2D NMR). The 1H NMR and 13C NMR data revealed that the newly isolated Cepa2 compound is identical to alliospiroside A (C38H60O12) [(25S)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl-2-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside], whose anticancer activity remains elusive. Our in vitro examination of the cytotoxic activity of the identified Cepa2 against P3U1 myeloma cancer cell line showed its high efficiency as an anticancer with 91.13% reduction in P3U1 cell viability 12 h post-treatment. The reduction of cell viability was correlated with the increase in reactive oxygen species levels in Cepa2-treated P3U1 cells, as compared with untreated cells. Moreover, scanning electron microscope results demonstrated apoptosis of the Cepa2-treated P3U1 cells in a time course-dependent manner. The results of our study provide evidence for the anticancer properties of the natural Cepa2/alliospiroside A extracted from shallot plants, and a strong foundation for in-depth investigations to build theoretical bases for cell apoptosis and development of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Hassan Y A H Mahmoud
- Division of infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Magdi El-Sayed
- Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Shuhei Tanaka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - L S Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam; Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumiku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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Spirostanol saponins from Chinese onion ( Allium chinense ) exert pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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