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Sex Difference in MasR Expression and Functions in the Renal System. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2022; 2022:1327839. [PMID: 36148474 PMCID: PMC9482541 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1327839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as a critical system for controlling body fluid and hemostasis, contains peptides and receptors, including angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) and Mas receptor (MasR). Ang 1-7 implements its function via MasR. Ang II is another peptide in RAS that performs its actions via two Ang II type 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R and AT2R). The functions of AT2R and MasR are very similar, and both have a vasodilation effect, while AT1R has a vasoconstriction role. MasR affects many mechanisms in the brain, heart, blood vessels, kidney, lung, endocrine, reproductive, skeletal muscle, and liver and probably acts like a paracrine hormone in these organs. The effect of Ang 1-7 in the kidney is complex according to the hydroelectrolyte status, the renal sympathetic nervous system, and the activity level of the RAS. The MasR expression and function seem more complex than Ang II receptors and have interacted with Ang II receptors and many other factors, including sex hormones. Also, pathological conditions including hypertension, diabetes, and ischemia-reperfusion could change MasR expression and function. In this review, we consider the role of sex differences in MasR expression and functions in the renal system under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Estradiol Supplement or Induced Hypertension May Attenuate the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonist-Promoted Renal Blood Flow Response to Graded Angiotensin II Administration in Ovariectomized Rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2022; 2022:3223008. [PMID: 35859805 PMCID: PMC9270140 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3223008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and hypertension may influence females’ renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its components. The angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist (losartan) may promote renal blood flow (RBF), and it is widely used in the clinic to control hypertension. The main objective of this study was the effects of estradiol or induced hypertension on RBF response to Ang II in losartan-treated ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods. Two groups of OVX rats were treated with placebo (group 1) and estradiol (group 2) for period of four weeks, and another group of OVX rats was subjected to induce hypertension by two-kidney one clip (2K1C) model (group 3). All the groups were subjected to the surgical procedure under anesthesia, and AT1R was blocked by losartan. RBF and renal vascular resistance (RVR) responses to Ang II administration were determined and compared. Results. Mean arterial (MAP) and renal perfusion (RPP) pressures in group 3 and uterus weight (UT) in group 2 were significantly more than other groups (
). Ang II infusion resulted in dose-related percentage change increase in RBF and decrease in RVR. However, these responses in the OVX-estradiol and OVX-hypertensive rats were significantly lower than in the OVX-control group (
). For instance, at the dose of 1000 ng/kg/min of Ang II administration, the percentage change of RBF was
,
, and
in the groups of 1 to 3, respectively. Conclusion. Losartan prescription in some conditions such as hypertension or ERT could worsen RBF and RVR responses to Ang II.
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Nahavandi S, Ahmadi S, Sobhani SA, Abbasi T, Dehghani A. A high dose of estrogen can improve renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced pulmonary injury in ovariectomized female rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1241-1252. [PMID: 34756104 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) as a pathological process induces remote organ injury such as lung complications and it is regulated in a hormone-dependent manner. This study investigates the effect of estrogen on RIR-induced pulmonary injury in ovariectomized (OV) rats. A total of 60 female Wistar rats were divided into six groups: (i) intact sham, (ii) OV sham, (iii) OV sham + estradiol valerate (E), (iv) intact ischemia, (v) OV ischemia, and (vi) OV ischemia + E. Bilateral ischemia was performed for 45 min in all groups except sham. Before the ischemia, OV groups received an intramuscular (i.m.) injection of E. After reperfusion, blood samples were collected for serum analysis and kidney and lung tissue were separated for pathological experiment and malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite measurement. The left lung was weighed to measure pulmonary edema. Estrogen deficiency caused a greater increase in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels during IRI. Ischemia reduced nitrite of serum and lung tissue. The increased level of MDA during ischemia, returned to normal levels via estrogen injection. The severity of renal and lung damage in ischemic groups increased significantly, and estrogen improved this injury. Estrogen as an antioxidant agent can reduce oxidative stress and may improve renal function and ameliorating lung damage caused by RIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Nahavandi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Sobhani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Tuba Abbasi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Aghdas Dehghani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Azarkish F, Armin F, Parvar AAA, Dehghani A. The influence of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury on remote organs: The histological brain changes in male and female rats. Brain Circ 2021; 7:194-200. [PMID: 34667903 PMCID: PMC8459688 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Brain tissue was adversely affected by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (renal IRI) in several studies. Moreover, we are awareness that kidney diseases are gender dependent, but there is not enough evidence of the impact of gender on renal IRI-induced brain injury. Hence, this study was designed to investigate gender differences in renal IRI-induced brain tissue injury in adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty Wistar rats (four groups) include two main groups (20 male and 20 female). Each of them was divided into two subgroups including 1 and 2: male and female sham-operated groups and 3and 4: male and female ischemia (ISC) groups were exposed to renal ischemia for 45 min and then 24 h reperfusion (male and female ISC 24 h). Sham groups were exposed to surgery without ischemia process. After reperfusion time, blood samples were obtained for the renal function measurements. The kidney and brain were removed and were fixed in a 10% formalin solution for pathological assessment. The left kidney was used to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite. RESULTS: Renal IRI increased significantly levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, kidney weight, and damage score in both genders (P < 0.05). Furthermore, brain injuries were significantly higher following 24 h of reperfusion in male and female groups. Serum nitrite level and MDA concentration of female rats decreased significantly in ISC 24 h group (P < 0.05) but not in male rats. CONCLUSION: The brain tissue of both genders, male and female, is affected by renal IRI as a remote organ. Female sex hormones may indicate a protective role against IR by the nitric oxide pathway and antioxidant signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Azarkish
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fakhri Armin
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ali Atash Ab Parvar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Aghdas Dehghani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Time course of renal ischemia/reperfusion and distance organ; lung dysfunction in male and female rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mohammed El Tabaa M, Mohammed El Tabaa M. Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114057. [PMID: 32470547 PMCID: PMC7250789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic disease that is caused by SARS-CoV2, inducing severe pneumonia in humans. However, several classes of repurposed drugs have been recommended, no specific vaccines or effective therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 are developed till now. Viral dependence on ACE-2, as entry receptors, drove the researchers into RAS impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Several evidences have pointed at Neprilysin (NEP) as one of pulmonary RAS components. Considering the protective effect of NEP against pulmonary inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, it is suggested to direct the future efforts towards its potential role in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Thus, the review aimed to shed light on the potential beneficial effects of NEP pathways as a novel target for COVID-19 therapy by summarizing its possible molecular mechanisms. Additional experimental and clinical studies explaining more the relationships between NEP and COVID-19 will greatly benefit in designing the future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Mohammed El Tabaa
- Pharmacology & Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Studies & Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Egypt.
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Tan CS, Yeoh SF, Long CM. COVID-19: Critical Role of Angiotensin 1-7 in ACE2 Modulation. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2020. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ma X, Pang Z, Zhou J, He L, Hao Q, Li W, Zhang K, Wang S, Zhang W, Xue X, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li M. Acetylation and Amination Protect Angiotensin 1–7 from Physiological Hydrolyzation and Therefore Increases Its Antitumor Effects on Lung Cancer. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2338-2347. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Zhijun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Jiming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Qiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Weina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Shuning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Wangqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Cun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 710032
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Nematbakhsh M, Mansouri A. Renal vascular response to angiotensin 1-7 in rats: the role of Mas receptor. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:177-180. [PMID: 29606972 PMCID: PMC5842489 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.223803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently a cross talk between angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) receptor (MasR) and angiotensin II receptors types 1 and 2 (AT1R and AT2R) has been highlighted. The effects of MasR antagonist (A779) compared to the vehicle on the renal blood flow (RBF) and renal vascular resistance (RVR) responses to Ang1-7 (300 ng/kg/min) infusion in the absence of Ang II receptors in male and female rats were determined at controlled renal perfusion pressure. Ang1-7 infusion did not alter mean arterial pressure in male and female rats. However, A779 compared to vehicle increased RBF (18% vs 3%) and decreased RVR (13% vs 4%) responses to Ang1-7 infusion significantly (P < 0.05) in male when AngII receptors were blocked. Such observation was not occurred in female animals. Finally it was concluded that renal vascular responses to Ang1-7 administration may not be exerted by MasR in male rats, and these responses are not mediated with AngII receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Azam Mansouri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Maleki M, Nematbakhsh M. Renal Blood Flow Response to Angiotensin 1-7 versus Hypertonic Sodium Chloride 7.5% Administration after Acute Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats. Int J Vasc Med 2016; 2016:6562017. [PMID: 27073699 PMCID: PMC4814681 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6562017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) plays an important role in renal circulation. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) may cause kidney circulation disturbance, and this study was designed to investigate the renal blood flow (RBF) response to Ang1-7 after HS. Methods. 27 male Wistar rats were subjected to blood withdrawal to reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 45 mmHg for 45 min. The animals were treated with saline (group 1), Ang1-7 (300 ng·kg(-1) min(-1)), Ang1-7 in hypertonic sodium chloride 7.5% (group 3), and hypertonic solution alone (group 4). Results. MAP was increased in a time-related fashion (P time < 0.0001) in all groups; however, there was a tendency for the increase in MAP in response to hypertonic solution (P = 0.09). Ang1-7, hypertonic solution, or combination of both increased RBF in groups 2-4, and these were significantly different from saline group (P = 0.05); that is, Ang1-7 leads to a significant increase in RBF to 1.35 ± 0.25 mL/min compared with 0.55 ± 0.12 mL/min in saline group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Although Ang1-7 administration unlike hypertonic solution could not elevate MAP after HS, it potentially could increase RBF similar to hypertonic solution. This suggested that Ang1-7 recovers RBF after HS when therapeutic opportunities of hypertonic solution are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maleki
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81745, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81745, Iran; Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81745, Iran; Isfahan MN Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan 81745, Iran
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