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Widyowati R, Suciati S, Hariyadi DM, Chang HSI, IPG Suryawan N, Tarigan N, Sholikhah I, Ardianto C, Nurhan AD, Sagitaras IB. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-Iβ alteration by deer ( Rusa unicolor) antler extract on osteoarthritis rat model. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:1109-1114. [PMID: 37293378 PMCID: PMC10244368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a disease associated with articular cartilage degradation, intra-articular area inflammation, and subchondral bone replacement. Cytokine IL-1β has a prominent function in the inflammations process that passes in the joints. The 70% ethanol extracts of deer antler (250 and 500 mg/kg BW) and glucosamine sulfate (250 kg/BW) were evaluated for four weeks in reducing cytokine IL-1β to rat model OA-induced Monosodium iodoacetate. Measurements of joint diameter in rat's knee and hyperalgesia were performed on weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The presence of a significant difference in the stimulation thermal latency (p = 0.00) and the resulting increase in swelling of joint diameter (p = 0.00) are evidence that MIA has successfully induced the rat modeling of OA. A significant decrease in cytokine IL-Iβ levels was shown on week 3 after MIA injection (p = 0.00). Both concentrations of deer extracts significantly reduced knee joint diameter (p = 0.00), latency thermal stimulation (p = 0.00), and cytokine IL-1β levels (p = 0.00). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the 70% ethanol extract of deer antler is a potential medicine for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno Widyowati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
- Natural Products Drug Delivery and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Nanizar Zaman Joenes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Suciati Suciati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
- Natural Products Drug Delivery and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Nanizar Zaman Joenes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dewi M Hariyadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Nanizar Zaman Joenoes Building, Campus C, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - HSin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ngurah IPG Suryawan
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Province East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nurliana Tarigan
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Province East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Irawati Sholikhah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo Street, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad D Nurhan
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ilham B Sagitaras
- Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Use of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology to Analyze the Mechanism of Action of Velvet Antler in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7144529. [PMID: 34671409 PMCID: PMC8523247 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7144529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deer velvet antlers are the young horns of male deer that are not ossified and densely overgrown. Velvet antler and its preparations have been widely used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in recent years, although its mechanism of action in the human body remains unclear. To screen the effective ingredients and targets of velvet antler in the treatment of PMOP using network pharmacology and to explore the potential mechanisms of velvet antler action in such treatments, we screened the active ingredients and targets of velvet antler in the BATMAN-TCM database. We also screened the relevant targets of PMOP in the GeneCards and OMIM databases and then compared the targets at the intersection of both velvet antler and PMOP. We used Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct a network diagram of "disease-drug-components-targets" and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network through the STRING database and screened out the core targets; the R language was then used to analyze the shared targets between antler and PMOP for GO-enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway-annotation analysis. Furthermore, we used the professional software Maestro 11.1 to verify the predictive analysis based on network pharmacology. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and micro-CT were used to observe the changes in trabecular bone tissue, further confirming the results of network pharmacological analysis. The potentially effective components of velvet antler principally include 17β-E2, adenosine triphosphate, and oestrone. These components act on key target genes such as AKT1, IL6, MAPK3, TP53, EGFR, SRC, and TNF and regulate the PI3K/Akt-signaling and MAPK-signaling pathways. These molecules participate in a series of processes such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammation and can ultimately be used to treat PMOP; they reflect the overall regulation, network regulation, and protein interactions.
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Jo K, Jang WY, Yun BS, Kim JS, Lee HS, Chang YB, Suh HJ. Effect of Deer Antler Extract on Muscle Differentiation and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Ribonucleoside (AICAR)-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:623-635. [PMID: 34291211 PMCID: PMC8277185 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of deer antler extract on muscle differentiation and muscle atrophy
were evaluated to minimize muscle loss following aging. Various deer antler
extracts (HWE, hot water extract of deer antler; FE, HWE of fermented deer
antler; ET, enzyme-assisted extract of deer antler; UE, extract prepared by
ultrasonication of deer antler) were evaluated for their effect on muscle
differentiation and inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside
(AICAR)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 cells. Morphological changes according
to the effect of antler extracts on muscle differentiation were confirmed by
Jenner-Giemsa staining. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to
muscle differentiation and atrophy were confirmed through qRT-PCR. In the
presence of antler extracts, the length and thickness of myotubes and myogenin
differentiation 1 (MyoD1) and myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) gene expression were
increased compared to those in the control group (CON). Gene expression of
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MyoD1, and myogenin, along with the muscle
atrophy factors muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF-1) and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) upon
addition of deer antler extracts to muscle-atrophied C2C12 cells was determined
by qRT-PCR after treatment with AICAR. The expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a
decreased in the groups treated with antler extracts compared to that in the
group treated with AICAR alone. In addition, gene expression of MyoD1 and
myogenin in the muscle atrophy cell model was significantly increased compared
that into the CON. Therefore, our findings indicate that antler extract can
increase the expression of MyoD1, Myf5 and myogenin, inhibit muscle atrophy, and
promote muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Woo Young Jang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Beom Sik Yun
- R D Center, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd, Seoul 08381, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- R D Center, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd, Seoul 08381, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Agency for Korea National Food Cluster, Iksan 54576, Korea
| | - Yeok Boo Chang
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Guan M, Pan D, Zhang M, Leng X, Yao B. Deer antler extract potentially facilitates xiphoid cartilage growth and regeneration and prevents inflammatory susceptibility by regulating multiple functional genes. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:208. [PMID: 33752715 PMCID: PMC7983396 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deer antler is a zoological exception due to its fantastic characteristics, including amazing growth rate and repeatable regeneration. Deer antler has been used as a key ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine relating to kidney and bone health for centuries. The aim of this study was to dissect the molecular regulation of deer antler extract (DAE) on xiphoid cartilage (XC). METHODS The DAE used in this experiment was same as the one that was prepared as previously described. The specific pathogen-free (SPF) grade Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank group (n =10) and DAE group (n =10) after 1-week adaptive feeding. The DAE used in this experiment was same as the one that was prepared as previously described. The rats in DAE group were fed with DAE for 3 weeks at a dose of 0.2 g/kg per day according to the body surface area normalization method, and the rats in blank group were fed with drinking water. Total RNA was extracted from XC located in the most distal edge of the sternum. Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in combination with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation assay was carried out to dissect the molecular regulation of DAE on XC. RESULTS We demonstrated that DAE significantly increased the expression levels of DEGs involved in cartilage growth and regeneration, but decreased the expression levels of DEGs involved in inflammation, and mildly increased the expression levels of DEGs involved in chondrogenesis and chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DAE might serve as a complementary therapeutic regent for cartilage growth and regeneration to treat cartilage degenerative disease, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Daian Pan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117 China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
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Yao B, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Leng X, Zhao D. Investigating the molecular control of deer antler extract on articular cartilage. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 33407721 PMCID: PMC7788833 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deer antler is considered as a precious traditional Chinese medicinal material and has been widely used to reinforce kidney's yang, nourish essence, and strengthen bone function. The most prominent bioactive components in deer antler are water-soluble proteins that play potential roles in bone formation and repair. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular control and therapeutic targets of deer antler extract (DAE) on articular cartilage. METHODS DAE was prepared as previously described. All rats were randomly divided into Blank group and DAE group (10 rats per group) after 7-day adaptive feeding. The rats in DAE group were orally administrated with DAE at a dose of 0.2 g/kg per day for 3 weeks, and the rats in Blank group were fed with drinking water. Total RNA was isolated from the articular cartilage of knee joints. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) experiment combined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verification assay was carried out to explore the molecular control and therapeutic targets of DAE on articular cartilage. RESULTS We demonstrated that DAE significantly increased the expression levels of functional genes involved in cartilage formation, growth, and repair and decreased the expression levels of susceptibility genes involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS DAE might serve as a candidate supplement for maintaining cartilage homeostasis and preventing cartilage degeneration and inflammation. These effects were possibly achieved by accelerating the expression of functional genes involved in chondrocyte commitment, survival, proliferation, and differentiation and suppressing the expression of susceptibility genes involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Thus, our findings will contribute towards deepening the knowledge about the molecular control and therapeutic targets of DAE on the treatment of cartilage-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
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