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Arafa ESA, Hassanein EHM, Ibrahim NA, Buabeid MA, Mohamed WR. Involvement of Nrf2-PPAR-γ signaling in Coenzyme Q10 protecting effect against methotrexate-induced testicular oxidative damage. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111566. [PMID: 38364740 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Studies have identified Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) as a promising agent in improving idiopathic male infertility; however, its role in chemically or environmentally induced testicular dysfunction is not well-established. We investigated the potential of CoQ10 to attenuate methotrexate (MTX)-induced testicular damage and to identify molecular targets of CoQ10 effects. Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg/kg MTX on the fifth day of the 10-day experimental protocol. 100 mg/kg CoQ10 was given orally daily for ten days, alone or combined with MTX. The testes of MTX-treated animals showed thickened tunica albuginea, distortion of seminiferous tubules with a marked reduction of germinal lining, a few primary spermatocytes with no spermatozoa, apoptotic cells, congested sub-capsular and interstitial blood vessels, and interstitial edema. Reduction of reproductive hormones and increased oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers levels were also seen in the MTX-treated rats. CoQ10 + MTX-treated rats were protected against MTX-induced testicular histological changes and showed improvement in testosterone, luteinizing-, and follicle-stimulating hormone serum levels compared to the MTX group. The testes of the CoQ10 + MTX-treated rats showed reduced malondialdehyde, myloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor -α, interleukin-6 and -1β and Bax: Bcl2 ratio and enhanced glutathione, and catalase compared to MTX alone. CoQ10 enhanced MTX-induced downregulation of Nrf2 and PPAR-γ signaling and modulated its downstream targets, the inducible nitric oxide synthase, NF-κB, Bax, and Bcl2. In conclusion, CoQ10 targeted the Nrf2-PPAR-γ signaling loop and its downstream pathways, mitigating MTX-induced oxidative stress-related damages and alleviating the testicular dysfunction MTX caused. Our data suggest Nrf2-PPAR-γ signaling as a potential therapeutic target in testicular toxicity, where oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis trigger damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Shaimaa A Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Nihal A Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research (CMBAHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manal A Buabeid
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Baharsaadi M, Hezavehei M, Shahverdi A, Halvaei I. Evaluation of the effects of hydroxytyrosol on human sperm parameters during cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104840. [PMID: 38104853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Human sperm cryopreservation is a routine procedure in assisted reproductive technology, but it has detrimental effects on different sperm parameters due to oxidative stress. Our objective was to assess the impacts of hydroxytyrosol (HT), as an antioxidant, on human sperm parameters following cryopreservation. In the first phase, 20 normal human semen samples were cryopreserved using the rapid freezing method with different concentrations of HT including 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL. In the second phase, 20 normal semen samples were collected and cryopreserved with 50 and 100 μg/mL HT. The beneficial effects of HT were determined by evaluation of motility (computer-assisted sperm analysis; CASA), viability (Eosin-nigrosine stain), DNA integrity (sperm chromatic dispersion test, SCD), reactive oxygen species (DCF and DHE staining by flowcytometry) lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA test) and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC1 staining by flowcytometry) of sperm after cryopreservation. After thawing, sperm motility had an increasing trend in 50 and 100 μg/mL HT groups in comparison with other groups, althought the difference was not significant. However, sperm viability was significantly increased at 50 and 100 μg/mL HT. Our data also showed that sperm DNA fragmentation was significantly decreased after thawing at 100 μg/mL in comparison with 0 and 50 μg/mL HT. However, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential were not significantly different between groups. Our results showed that HT may have protective effects on the viability and DNA integrity of human sperm during the freezing-thawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Baharsaadi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iman Halvaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Optimizing Bull Semen Cryopreservation Media Using Multivariate Statistics Approaches. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061077. [PMID: 36978618 PMCID: PMC10044293 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryo-injury reduces post-thaw semen quality. Extender components play a protective role, but existing experimental approaches do not elucidate interactions among extender components, semen samples, and post-thaw quality. To identify optimal concentrations for 12 extender ingredients, we ran 122 experiments with an I-optimal completely random design using a large dataset from our previous study. We obtained a maximum predicted total motility of 70.56% from an I-optimal design and 73.75% from a Monte Carlo simulation. Individual bull variations were significant and interacted with extenders independently. 67% of bulls reliably preferred extender formulations to reach maximum motility. Multifactor analysis suggests that some antioxidants may offer superior protection over others. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) found the highest positive loadings for glutathione in the antioxidant class, glycerol in the CPA class, and fructose in the basic compounds class. The optimal ranges for milk, water, and ethylene glycol were extremely narrow. Egg yolk, cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin, and nerve growth factor had medium-loading impacts. PLS-PM showed that CPA, osmoregulators, and basic components were the most efficient contributors to motility, while the antioxidant and extracellular protectant classes had less efficiency. Thus, ingredients, concentrations, and interactions of extender compounds are critical to extender formulation, especially when using multiple compounds with the same function.
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Qamar AY, Naveed MI, Raza S, Fang X, Roy PK, Bang S, Tanga BM, Saadeldin IM, Lee S, Cho J. Role of antioxidants in fertility preservation of sperm - A narrative review. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:385-403. [PMID: 36397685 PMCID: PMC9996255 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Male fertility is affected by multiple endogenous stressors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), which greatly deteriorate the fertility. However, physiological levels of ROS are required by sperm for the proper accomplishment of different cellular functions including proliferation, maturation, capacitation, acrosomal reaction, and fertilization. Excessive ROS production creates an imbalance between ROS production and neutralization resulting in oxidative stress (OS). OS causes male infertility by impairing sperm functions including reduced motility, deoxyribonucleic acid damage, morphological defects, and enhanced apoptosis. Several in-vivo and in-vitro studies have reported improvement in quality-related parameters of sperm following the use of different natural and synthetic antioxidants. In this review, we focus on the causes of OS, ROS production sources, mechanisms responsible for sperm damage, and the role of antioxidants in preserving sperm fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yar Qamar
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas Naveed
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sanan Raza
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Sub-campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Xun Fang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bereket Molla Tanga
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Daejeon Wildlife Rescue Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Lucignani G, Jannello LMI, Fulgheri I, Silvani C, Turetti M, Gadda F, Viganò P, Somigliana E, Montanari E, Boeri L. Coenzyme Q10 and Melatonin for the Treatment of Male Infertility: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:4585. [PMID: 36364847 PMCID: PMC9658523 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle and environmental factors can negatively impact fertility by means of oxidative stress. In this context, antioxidant supplementation therapy has gained much interest in recent years, and different molecules, alone or in combination, have been studied. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present review is to investigate the evidence regarding the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and melatonin on male infertility. METHODS A literature search using PUBMED database from 2000 to October 2022 was performed to explore the role of CoQ10 and melatonin on male reproductive function. CONCLUSIONS The analysis involved a narrative synthesis. CoQ10, alone or in combination, appears to reduce testicular oxidative stress and sperm DNA fragmentation and to improve sperm parameters; particularly sperm motility. Moreover, CoQ10 treatment is associated with higher pregnancy rates, both naturally and through assisted reproductive technology (ART). Larger studies are needed to precisely determine its clinical efficacy. Melatonin is a known antioxidant and preclinical studies have shown its ability to modulate reproductive function through hormonal and immune system regulation and sperm cell proliferation. Regardless, clinical studies are necessary to assess its potential in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Lucignani
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Irene Fulgheri
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Silvani
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Turetti
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Gadda
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Viganò
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Edgardo Somigliana
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montanari
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Boeri
- Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Mujawdiya PK, Semenova Y, Piscopo S, Peana M. Coenzyme Q 10 in aging and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3907-3919. [PMID: 36300654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the electron transport chain. It also acts as an antioxidant in cellular membranes. It can be endogenously produced in all cells by a specialized mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency, which can result from aging or insufficient enzyme function, has been considered to increase oxidative stress. Some drugs, including statins and bisphosphonates, often used by older individuals, can interfere with enzymes responsible for endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. Oral supplementation with high doses of CoQ10 can increase both its circulating and intracellular levels and several clinical trials observed that its administration provided beneficial effects on different disorders such as cardiovascular disease and inflammation which have been associated with low CoQ10 levels and high oxidative stress. Moreover, CoQ10 has been suggested as a promising therapeutic agent to prevent and slow the progression of other diseases including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative and male infertility. However, there is still a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials involving a large number of participants undergoing longer treatments to assess the benefits of CoQ10 for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Sharafi M, Blondin P, Vincent P, Anzar M, Benson JD. Hydroxytyrosol and resveratrol improves kinetic and flow cytometric parameters of cryopreserved bull semen with low cryotolerance. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 245:107065. [PMID: 36115090 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in breeding programs to "rescue" semen with poor post-thaw fertility from bulls known as "bad freezers". We hypothesized that there may be an interaction between the post-thaw recovery of sperm and the efficacy of antioxidant addition to extenders. The current study assesses the effects of antioxidant additives hydroxytyrosol (HT) and resveratrol (RSV) on the post-thaw semen parameters in two groups of bulls classified as either high or low cryotolerant (i.e., "good" and "bad" freezers). Semen samples were collected from 40 bulls and processed in the extenders containing different concentrations of HT (experiment 1; 0, 25 and 50 µM) and RSV (experiment 2; 0.0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM). In experiment 1, bulls in the low cryotolerance group had a significant improvement in post-thaw recovery at 25 µM and 50 µM (P < 0.05). These improvements were observed in motility and several cellular parameters. However, post-thaw semen quality in the high cryotolerance group was not significantly affected by the HT addition. In experiment 2, although RSV did not have any positive impact in high cryotolerance group, post-thaw recovery in the low cryotolerance bulls was significantly improved in 0.1 mM RSV. Oxidative stress markers in either high or low cryotolerance groups were not significantly changed by RSV addition (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that addition of optimized concentrations of HT and RSV to the extender could be a strategy for improving the post-thaw semen, especially in bulls with high genetic merit but low initial cryotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | - Muhammad Anzar
- Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Center, and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - James D Benson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Oxidative Stress in Varicocele-Mediated Male Hypofertility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095233. [PMID: 35563625 PMCID: PMC9102453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicocele (VC) is the most common abnormality identified in men evaluated for hypofertility. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidants concentrations are key contributors in varicocele-mediated hypofertility. Moreover, inflammation and alterations in testicular immunity negatively impact male fertility. In particular, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was hypothesized to lead to seminal inflammation, in which the levels of specific cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, are overexpressed. In this review, we described the role played by oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in VC disease. The consequences of ROS overproduction in testis, including inflammation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, chromatin damage, and sperm DNA fragmentation, leading to abnormal testicular function and failed spermatogenesis, were highlighted. Finally, we described some therapeutic antioxidant strategies, with recognized beneficial effects in counteracting OS and inflammation in testes, as possible therapeutic drugs against varicocele-mediated hypofertility.
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Male Infertility: Role of Antioxidants in Cellular Defense Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1391:275-309. [PMID: 36472828 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12966-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is linked to several environmental and mutagenic factors. Most of these factors, i.e., lifestyle, radiations, and chemical contaminations, work on the fundamental principles of physics, chemistry, and biology. Principally, it may induce oxidative stress (OS) and produce free radicals within the cells. The negative effect of OS may enhance the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in male reproductive organs and impair basic functions in a couple's fertility. Evidence suggests that infertile men have significantly increased ROS levels and a reduced antioxidant capacity compared with fertile men. Although, basic spermatic function and fertilizing capacity depend on a delicate balance between physiological activity of ROS and antioxidants to protect from cellular oxidative injury in sperm, that is essential to achieve pregnancy. The ideal oxidation-reduction (REDOX) equilibrium requires a maintenance of a range of ROS concentrations and modulation of antioxidants. For this reason, the chapter focuses on the effects of ROS in sperm functions and the current concepts regarding the benefits of medical management in men with diminished fertility and amelioration of the effect to improve sperm function. Also, this evidence-based study suggests an increasing rate of infertility that poses a global challenge for human health, urging the need of health care professionals to offer a correct diagnosis, comprehension of the process, and an individualized management of the patients.
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Haeri F, Nouri M, Nezamoleslami S, Moradi A, Ghiasvand R. Role of dietary antioxidants and vitamins intake in semen quality parameters: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:434-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yaris M, Akdogan N, Öztürk M, Bozkurt A, Karabakan M. The effects of two different antioxidant combinations on sperm parameters. Urologia 2021; 89:629-635. [PMID: 34617487 DOI: 10.1177/03915603211049888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies demonstrate that getting antioxidants in the course of treatment has a positive impact beneficial effect on fertility, especially on the quality of sperm. Because of that reason antioxidants are recommended as a potentially influential treatment for infertility in men. However, it is argued that this treatment is not based on sufficient evidence and has no effect on the rate of healthy pregnancy. OBJECTIVE In this study, two different antioxidant combinations with different doses and contents were evaluated in terms of their effect on sperm parameters. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 122 patients diagnosed with idiopathic infertility were enrolled in our multicenter study. The patients were divided into two different groups: The first group used a combination 2 × 1 sachet form (l-carnitine 1 g, acetyl-l-carnitine 0.5 g, fructose 1 g, citric acid 0.50 mg, selenium 50 µg, coenzyme Q10 20 mg, vitamin C 90 mg, zinc 10 mg, folic acid 200 µg, and vitamin B12 1.5 µg) and the second group used a combination tablets form 2 × 1 (l-carnitine 500 mg, selenium 50 µg, coenzyme Q10 20 mg, vitamin C 60 mg, zinc 15 mg, folic acid 400 µg, vitamin E, and ginseng 15 µg) for 6 months. The total semen volume, the total sperm number, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and lastly morphological findings of the patients were compared at the end of 6 months. RESULTS The mean age of the patients participating in the study was 30.8 ± 6.05 years. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of baseline sperm count. There was a significant difference between the baseline and sixth-month values of the patients using both combinations. However, no significant statistical difference was found between the groups according to the sixth-month data. The combinations of both antioxidants had a positive effect on sperm parameters, and the use of different doses and contents had a similar effect. CONCLUSION Both antioxidants respectively had a positive effect on sperm parameters and also the use of different doses and contents had a similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yaris
- Department of Urology, Genesis Private Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Nebil Akdogan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Murat Öztürk
- Department of Urology, Bursa High Specialization Research and Training Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aliseydi Bozkurt
- Department of Urology, Mengucek Gazi Research and Training Hospital, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103483. [PMID: 34684484 PMCID: PMC8540093 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly reactive chemical entities that include oxygen regulated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. ROS contribute significantly to cell homeostasis in the heart by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. When ROS generation surpasses the ability of the antioxidant defense mechanisms to buffer them, oxidative stress develops, resulting in cellular and molecular disorders and eventually in heart failure. Oxidative stress is a critical factor in developing hypoxia- and ischemia-reperfusion-related cardiovascular disorders. This article aimed to discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases such as hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This review focuses on the various clinical events and oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular pathophysiology, highlighting the benefits of new experimental treatments such as creatine supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, microRNAs, and antioxidant supplements in addition to physical exercise
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13
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Cirilli I, Damiani E, Dludla PV, Hargreaves I, Marcheggiani F, Millichap LE, Orlando P, Silvestri S, Tiano L. Role of Coenzyme Q 10 in Health and Disease: An Update on the Last 10 Years (2010-2020). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081325. [PMID: 34439573 PMCID: PMC8389239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the last decade that contribute to increasing knowledge on Coenzyme Q10's role in health and disease. Classical antioxidant and bioenergetic functions of the coenzyme have been taken into consideration, as well as novel mechanisms of action involving the redox-regulated activation of molecular pathways associated with anti-inflammatory activities. Cardiovascular research and fertility remain major fields of application of Coenzyme Q10, although novel applications, in particular in relation to topical application, are gaining considerable interest. In this respect, bioavailability represents a major challenge and the innovation in formulation aspects is gaining critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Cirilli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa;
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Lauren Elizabeth Millichap
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (E.D.); (F.M.); (L.E.M.); (P.O.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-4394
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Coenzyme Q10 and Male Infertility: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060874. [PMID: 34070761 PMCID: PMC8226917 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects 15% of couples worldwide. A male factor is involved in 50% of cases. The etiology of male infertility is poorly understood, but there is evidence for a strong association between oxidative stress (OS) and poor seminal fluid quality. For this reason, therapy with antioxidants is one of the cornerstones of empirical treatment of male infertility. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)—an essential cofactor for energy production with major antioxidant properties—is commonly used to support spermatogenesis in idiopathic male infertility. This systematic review aims to elucidate the usefulness of CoQ10 supplementation in the treatment of male infertility, particularly with regard to semen quality assessed by conventional and advanced methods, and pregnancy rates. All studies report a beneficial effect of CoQ10 supplementation on semen parameters, although randomized controlled trials are a minority. Moreover, the optimal dosage of CoQ10 or how it can be combined with other antioxidant molecules to maximize its effect is unknown. However, CoQ10 is still one of the most promising molecules to treat idiopathic male infertility and warrants further investigation.
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15
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Alahmar AT, Calogero AE, Singh R, Cannarella R, Sengupta P, Dutta S. Coenzyme Q10, oxidative stress, and male infertility: A review. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2021; 48:97-104. [PMID: 34078005 PMCID: PMC8176150 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2020.04175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility has a complex etiopathology, which mostly remains elusive. Although research has claimed that oxidative stress (OS) is the most likely underlying mechanism of idiopathic male infertility, the specific treatment of OS-mediated male infertility requires further investigation. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a vitamin-like substance, has been found in measurable levels in human semen. It exhibits essential metabolic and antioxidant functions, as well as playing a vital role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Thus, CoQ10 may be a key player in the maintenance of biological redox balance. CoQ10 concentrations in seminal plasma directly correlate with semen parameters, especially sperm count and sperm motility. Seminal CoQ10 concentrations have been shown to be altered in various male infertility states, such as varicocele, asthenozoospermia, and medical or surgical regimens used to treat male infertility. These observations imply that CoQ10 plays an important physiological role in the maintenance and amelioration of semen quality. The present article thereby aimed to review the possible mechanisms through which CoQ10 plays a role in the regulation of male reproductive function, and to concisely discuss its efficacy as an ameliorative agent in restoring semen parameters in male infertility, as well as its impact on OS markers, sperm DNA fragmentation, pregnancy, and assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed T Alahmar
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Teaching Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Teaching Hospital Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Malaysia
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Malaysia
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16
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Alahmar AT, Sengupta P. Impact of Coenzyme Q10 and Selenium on Seminal Fluid Parameters and Antioxidant Status in Men with Idiopathic Infertility. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1246-1252. [PMID: 32572802 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a key contributing factor in 30-80% of male infertility cases. To date, several antioxidant treatments have been put forth to manage OS-induced male infertility. This study intended to elucidate the impact of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and selenium on seminal fluid parameters and antioxidant status in infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT). In this prospective study, 70 patients with idiopathic OAT were randomly allocated to receive CoQ10 (200 mg/day) or selenium (200 μg/day) for 3 months. Semen quality parameters (following WHO guidelines, 5th edition), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were compared before and after the treatment. The results of the study showed an increase in sperm concentration with CoQ10 treatment (p < 0.01) as well as increased progressive sperm motility (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) and total sperm motility (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) with CoQ10 and selenium treatment respectively. There was also a significant improvement in TAC (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) and SOD (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) following treatment with CoQ10 and selenium respectively while CAT improved only with CoQ10 therapy (p < 0.05). Sperm concentration, motility, and morphology also correlated significantly with TAC, SOD, and CAT (r = 0.37-0.76). In conclusion, treatment with CoQ10 (200 mg) or selenium (200 μg) could improve sperm concentration, motility, and antioxidant status in infertile men with idiopathic OAT with CoQ10 providing the higher improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
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17
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Torres-Arce E, Vizmanos B, Babio N, Márquez-Sandoval F, Salas-Huetos A. Dietary Antioxidants in the Treatment of Male Infertility: Counteracting Oxidative Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:241. [PMID: 33804600 PMCID: PMC8003818 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infertility affects about 15% of the population and male factors only are responsible for ~25-30% of cases of infertility. Currently, the etiology of suboptimal semen quality is poorly understood, and many environmental and genetic factors, including oxidative stress, have been implicated. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of free radicals, or reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the capacity of the body to counteract their harmful effects through neutralization by antioxidants. The purpose of this review, by employing the joint expertise of international researchers specialized in nutrition and male fertility areas, is to update the knowledge about the reproductive consequences of excessive ROS concentrations and oxidative stress on the semen quality and Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) clinical outcomes, to discuss the role of antioxidants in fertility outcomes, and finally to discuss why foods and dietary patterns are more innocuous long term solution for ameliorating oxidative stress and therefore semen quality results and ART fertility outcomes. Since this is a narrative review and not a systematic/meta-analysis, the summarized information in the present study should be considered cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Torres-Arce
- Center of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico; (E.T.-A.); (B.V.)
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Center of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico; (E.T.-A.); (B.V.)
| | - Nancy Babio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P., Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (ciBeRobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Center of Health Sciences, Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico; (E.T.-A.); (B.V.)
| | - Albert Salas-Huetos
- Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P., Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (ciBeRobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Antioxidant-Based Therapies in Male Infertility: Do We Have Sufficient Evidence Supporting Their Effectiveness? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020220. [PMID: 33540782 PMCID: PMC7912982 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play pivotal roles in various processes of human spermatozoa. Indeed, semen requires the intervention of ROS to accomplish different stages of its maturation. However, ROS overproduction is a well-documented phenomenon occurring in the semen of infertile males, potentially causing permanent oxidative damages to a vast number of biological molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids of biological membrane lipids), negatively affecting the functionality and vitality of spermatozoa. ROS overproduction may concomitantly occur to the excess generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), leading to oxidative/nitrosative stress and frequently encountered in various human pathologies. Under different conditions of male infertility, very frequently accompanied by morpho-functional anomalies in the sperm analysis, several studies have provided evidence for clear biochemical signs of damages to biomolecules caused by oxidative/nitrosative stress. In the last decades, various studies aimed to verify whether antioxidant-based therapies may be beneficial to treat male infertility have been carried out. This review analyzed the results of the studies published during the last ten years on the administration of low-molecular-weight antioxidants to treat male infertility in order to establish whether there is a sufficient number of data to justify antioxidant administration to infertile males. An analysis of the literature showed that only 30 clinical studies tested the effects of the administration of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (administered as a single antioxidant or as a combination of different antioxidants with the addition of vitamins and/or micronutrients) to infertile males. Of these studies, only 33.3% included pregnancy and/or live birth rates as an outcome measure to determine the effects of the therapy. Of these studies, only 4 were case–control studies, and only 2 of them found improvement of the pregnancy rate in the group of antioxidant-treated patients. Additionally, of the 30 studies considered in this review, only 43.3% were case–control studies, 66.7% enrolled a number of patients higher than 40, and 40% carried out the administration of a single antioxidant. Therefore, it appears that further studies are needed to clearly define the usefulness of antioxidant-based therapies to treat male infertility.
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19
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Agarwal A, Leisegang K, Majzoub A, Henkel R, Finelli R, Panner Selvam MK, Tadros N, Parekh N, Ko EY, Cho CL, Arafa M, Alves MG, Oliveira PF, Alvarez JG, Shah R. Utility of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Male Infertility: Clinical Guidelines Based on a Systematic Review and Analysis of Evidence. World J Mens Health 2021; 39:233-290. [PMID: 33474843 PMCID: PMC7994666 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of male infertility and that antioxidants could have a significant role in the treatment of male infertility. The main objectives of this study are: 1) to systematically review the current evidence for the utility of antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility; and 2) propose evidence-based clinical guidelines for the use of antioxidants in the treatment of male infertility. A systematic review of the available clinical evidence was performed, with articles published on Scopus being manually screened. Data extracted included the type of antioxidant used, the clinical conditions under investigation, the evaluation of semen parameters and reproductive outcomes. The adherence to the Cambridge Quality Checklist, Cochrane Risk of Bias for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), CONSORT guidelines and JADAD score were analyzed for each included study. Further, we provided a Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT) analysis to analyze the current and future value of antioxidants in male infertility. Of the 1,978 articles identified, 97 articles were included in the study. Of these, 52 (53.6%) were uncontrolled (open label), 12 (12.4%) unblinded RCTs, and 33 (34.0%) blinded RCTs, whereas 44 (45.4%) articles tested individual antioxidants, 31 (32.0%) a combination of several products in variable dosages, and 22 (22.6%) registered antioxidant products. Based on the published evidence, we 1) critically examined the necessity of additional double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, and 2) proposed updated evidence-based clinical guidelines for antioxidant therapy in male infertility. The current systematic review on antioxidants and male infertility clearly shows that antioxidant supplementation improves semen parameters. In addition, it provides the indications for antioxidant treatment in specific clinical conditions, including varicocele, unexplained and idiopathic male infertility, as well as in cases of altered semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Renata Finelli
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Tadros
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Neel Parekh
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edmund Y Ko
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Chak Lam Cho
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Hong Kong.,S. H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Andrology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy & Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Juan G Alvarez
- Centro Androgen, La Coruña, Spain and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rupin Shah
- Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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20
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Dias TR, Martin-Hidalgo D, Silva BM, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants As a Tool to Ameliorate Male Infertility Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:767-785. [PMID: 32368933 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Antioxidants are essential for the maintenance of cellular redox homeodynamics in the male reproductive tract, playing a key role in fertilizing potential. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), at physiological levels, are essential for sperm function and fertilization. Under pathological conditions, abnormal production of ROS may occur. Redox control is primarily regulated by the inner antioxidant system. However, these endogenous antioxidants may be present at abnormal amounts or may be insufficient. Exogenous antioxidants obtained through the diet may have an important role, particularly in specific pathological conditions. This review addresses the regulation of redox homeodynamics in the male reproductive tract by endogenous and exogenous antioxidants and the importance of their cooperation for the maintenance of fertility. Recent Advances: Many studies have shown the importance of antioxidants for the preservation of male fertility, mostly under pathological conditions. Excessive antioxidants can inhibit ROS-induced signaling pathways that are essential for the reproductive system. The challenge is to keep the balance between oxidants and antioxidants to maintain ROS-amount at physiological concentration. Critical Issues: Although antioxidant therapies are gaining popularity and showing promising results in the improvement of male fertility, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the type of exogenous antioxidant, the doses and time to be administered. Future Directions: It would be of great importance to find a way to restore redox homeostasis under stress conditions. Understanding the poorly studied mechanisms by which exogenous antioxidants cooperate with the inner cellular antioxidant system to counteract free radicals may help in the development of new fertility therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia R Dias
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE-Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Martin-Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction (SINTREP), Institute of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Livestock (INBIO G+C), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Branca M Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, QOPNA and LAQV, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Kohn JR, Haney NM, Nichols PE, Rodriguez KM, Kohn TP. Varicocele Repair Prior to Assisted Reproductive Technology: Patient Selection and Special Considerations. Res Rep Urol 2020; 12:149-156. [PMID: 32426301 PMCID: PMC7196200 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s198934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical varicoceles are one of the most commonly identified physical exam abnormalities in men presenting with infertility. Clinical varicoceles can cause impaired spermatogenesis and surgical correction can improve semen parameters in select men. Increasingly, andrologists are performing varicocele repairs prior to intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to boost male fertility potential. In this review, we evaluated the available literature 1) to determine if varicocelectomy prior to IUI or assisted reproductive technologies proved to improve sperm production or pregnancy outcomes; and 2) to identify who may be the ideal candidate for pre-IUI/ART varicocelectomy. Overall, few studies have explored this topic and little can be concluded about the impact of varicocelectomy prior to IUI. The evidence, however, does support that correcting a clinical varicocele can increase pregnancy outcomes in couples who plan to pursue IVF or ICSI. When selecting patients for varicocelectomy prior to IUI or ART, clinicians should evaluate female age as improvement in semen parameters can take 6 months after varicocelectomy and this duration of time may be deleterious in cases of advanced maternal age when each cycle becomes increasingly important. Overall, the currently limited literature regarding clinical varicoceles correction demonstrates that pregnancy rates can be increased when comparing patients who have undergone varicocelectomy prior to ART with those who had clinical varicocele but did not undergo surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaden R Kohn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nora M Haney
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Katherine M Rodriguez
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taylor P Kohn
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Diet and Nutritional Factors in Male (In)fertility-Underestimated Factors. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051400. [PMID: 32397485 PMCID: PMC7291266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In up to 50% of cases, infertility issues stem solely from the male. According to some data, the quality of human semen has deteriorated by 50%–60% over the last 40 years. A high-fat diet and obesity, resulting from an unhealthy lifestyle, affects the structure of spermatozoa, but also the development of offspring and their health in later stages of life. In obese individuals, disorders on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are observed, as well as elevated oestrogen levels with a simultaneous decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Healthy dietary models clearly correlate with better sperm quality and a smaller risk of abnormalities in parameters such as sperm count, sperm concentration and motility, and lower sperm DNA fragmentation. Apart from mineral components such as zinc and selenium, the role of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins should be emphasized, since their action will be primarily based on the minimization of oxidative stress and the inflammation process. Additionally, the incorporation of carnitine supplements and coenzyme Q10 in therapeutic interventions also seems promising. Therefore, it is advisable to have a varied and balanced diet based on vegetables and fruit, fish and seafood, nuts, seeds, whole-grain products, poultry, and low-fat dairy products.
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23
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Barati E, Nikzad H, Karimian M. Oxidative stress and male infertility: current knowledge of pathophysiology and role of antioxidant therapy in disease management. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020. [PMID: 31377843 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03253-8)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is a global health problem involving about 15% of couples. Approximately half of the infertility cases are related to male factors. The oxidative stress, which refers to an imbalance in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is one of the main causes of infertility in men. A small amount of ROS is necessary for the physiological function of sperm including the capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosomal reaction. However, high levels of ROS can cause infertility through not only by lipid peroxidation or DNA damage but inactivation of enzymes and oxidation of proteins in spermatozoa. Oxidative stress (OS) is mainly caused by factors associated with lifestyle. Besides, immature spermatozoa, inflammatory factors, genetic mutations and altering levels of sex hormones are other main source of ROS. Since OS occurs due to the lack of antioxidants and its side effects in semen, lifestyle changes and antioxidant regimens can be helpful therapeutic approaches to overcome this problem. The present study aimed to describe physiological ROS production, roles of genetic and epigenetic factors on the OS and male infertility with various mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and disorder of male hormone profile, inflammation, and varicocele. Finally, the roles of oral antioxidants and herbs were explained in coping with OS in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Barati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. .,Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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24
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Barati E, Nikzad H, Karimian M. Oxidative stress and male infertility: current knowledge of pathophysiology and role of antioxidant therapy in disease management. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:93-113. [PMID: 31377843 PMCID: PMC11105059 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a global health problem involving about 15% of couples. Approximately half of the infertility cases are related to male factors. The oxidative stress, which refers to an imbalance in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is one of the main causes of infertility in men. A small amount of ROS is necessary for the physiological function of sperm including the capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosomal reaction. However, high levels of ROS can cause infertility through not only by lipid peroxidation or DNA damage but inactivation of enzymes and oxidation of proteins in spermatozoa. Oxidative stress (OS) is mainly caused by factors associated with lifestyle. Besides, immature spermatozoa, inflammatory factors, genetic mutations and altering levels of sex hormones are other main source of ROS. Since OS occurs due to the lack of antioxidants and its side effects in semen, lifestyle changes and antioxidant regimens can be helpful therapeutic approaches to overcome this problem. The present study aimed to describe physiological ROS production, roles of genetic and epigenetic factors on the OS and male infertility with various mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and disorder of male hormone profile, inflammation, and varicocele. Finally, the roles of oral antioxidants and herbs were explained in coping with OS in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfaneh Barati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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25
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Arhin SM, Mensah KB, Agbeno E, Badii VS, Ansah C. Pharmacotherapy of infertility in Ghana: retrospective study at the cape coast teaching hospital. J Pharm Policy Pract 2019; 12:28. [PMID: 31700644 PMCID: PMC6827228 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-019-0191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility is a major challenge for couples globally. Due to low income levels and the high cost of other assisted reproductive techniques, pharmacotherapy remain the major first line treatment option for infertility in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of infertility as well as the effectiveness and success achieved following infertility pharmacotherapy at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Methods This study was a retrospective observational study of 825 couples attending infertility clinic at the hospital. Results Prevalence of infertility at the study center was estimated to be 12.3%. Treatment mainly involved the use of clomiphene citrate, antioxidants, herbo-mineral drugs (Ayurveda), multivitamin and antibiotics. Pharmacotherapy resulted in successful conception in one out of every five couples (19.4%; n = 160). Secondary infertility, although more prevalent in the study population (44.8%; n = 370), had lower conception rates during pharmacotherapy than primary infertility (15% vs 26.2%). Age, kind of infertility, employment status but not educational level were significantly associated with pharmacotherapy success. In ovulation induction, clomiphene citrate plus folic acid and vitamin E adjuncts improved ovulation rates during cycle treatments compared to clomiphene citrate alone. Pharmacotherapy of idiopathic infertility (39%, n = 323) was a major challenge with very limited success rates. Interestingly, it was noted that treating couples or female partners only for idiopathic infertility resulted in higher success rates than treating the male partner only. Again, 90-day treatment regimen doubled conception rates when compared with corresponding 30-day treatment regimen. However, zinc sulfate even in short term treatment regimens (30 days) enhanced conception rates in idiopathic infertility. Conclusions Prevalence of infertility was estimated to be about 12.3%. One out of every five infertile couples achieved success with pharmacotherapy. Factors such as age, type of infertility, employment status, but not education were significantly associated with treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mensah Arhin
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwesi Boadu Mensah
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evans Agbeno
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vitus Sambo Badii
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles Ansah
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Díaz-Casado ME, Quiles JL, Barriocanal-Casado E, González-García P, Battino M, López LC, Varela-López A. The Paradox of Coenzyme Q 10 in Aging. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092221. [PMID: 31540029 PMCID: PMC6770889 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential endogenously synthesized molecule that links different metabolic pathways to mitochondrial energy production thanks to its location in the mitochondrial inner membrane and its redox capacity, which also provide it with the capability to work as an antioxidant. Although defects in CoQ biosynthesis in human and mouse models cause CoQ deficiency syndrome, some animals models with particular defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway have shown an increase in life span, a fact that has been attributed to the concept of mitohormesis. Paradoxically, CoQ levels decline in some tissues in human and rodents during aging and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has shown benefits as an anti-aging agent, especially under certain conditions associated with increased oxidative stress. Also, CoQ10 has shown therapeutic benefits in aging-related disorders, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, we discuss the paradox of health benefits due to a defect in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or exogenous supplementation of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Díaz-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Pilar González-García
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Luis C López
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Wu Q, Xu Y, Ji H, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Lu H. Enhancing coverage in LC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics by a new sample preparation procedure using mixed-mode solid-phase extraction and two derivatizations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6189-6202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Banihani SA. Effect of Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation on Testosterone. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040172. [PMID: 30551653 PMCID: PMC6316376 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing testosterone production in males is a continuous research direction for many scientists in the field, due to its role as a principal sex hormone and as a crucial modulator of well-being and general health in humans. Since 1978, there have been more than 30 studies that have connected coenzyme Q10 and testosterone. Such a link is attributable to the vigorous biological role of coenzyme Q10 as a crucial member in the energy production route in humans and animals, which is thought to have a positive influence on testosterone production, and hence on infertility, particularly male infertility. However, this connection has not yet been deliberated. The present work systematically reviews and summarizes the influence of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on testosterone. To accomplish this purpose, the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords “coenzyme Q10” versus “testosterone” for English language papers from November 1978 through October 2018. Relevant articles were also discussed and included to address an integral discussion. In summary, to date the studies conducted on human males reveal insignificant effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on testosterone. Similarly, rather than the reproductive toxicity studies, the studies conducted on animals did not show any positive influence of coenzyme Q10 on testosterone. However, coenzyme Q10 supplementation was found to ameliorate the reduction in testosterone induced by chemical reproductive toxicants, mainly by neutralizing the damaging effect of the generated free radicals. However, collectively these findings require further confirmation by additional research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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29
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Duca Y, Calogero AE, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S. Current and emerging medical therapeutic agents for idiopathic male infertility. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 20:55-67. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1543405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Duca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E. Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A. Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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The Role of Oxidative Stress, Selected Metals, and Parameters of the Immune System in Male Fertility. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6249536. [PMID: 30254715 PMCID: PMC6142782 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6249536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between standard semen parameters and the parameters reflecting oxidative stress intensity, antioxidant defense functions, levels of selected macro and trace elements, and parameters characterizing immune system function. The study group consisted of 103 fertile males. Based on semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percentage of motile sperm at 1 hour postcollection, the individuals were divided into two equal groups—those with excellent (EX) semen quality and those with mediocre (ME) semen quality. The remaining measured parameters characterizing motility and the percentage of normal morphology were higher in the EX group than in the ME group; however, the seminal plasma pH did not differ between the examined groups. The phosphate level was 31% lower in the EX group than in the ME group, whereas there was a tendency toward a 25% lower level of Fe in the EX group than in the ME group (p = 0.064). The activities of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, CuZn-SOD, CAT, and G6PD, were 14%, 63%, and 39%, respectively, higher in the EX group than in the ME group. However, the level of alpha-tocopherol was 32% lower in the EX group than in the ME group. The other measured parameters characterizing antioxidant defense and the parameters of oxidative stress intensity and immune system function were not significantly different. The value of seminal plasma pH is not related to the semen quality of fertile males. Higher fertility potential estimated based on standard semen parameters in fertile males is associated with lower levels of Fe and higher activities of some antioxidant enzymes.
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31
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Alahmar AT. The effects of oral antioxidants on the semen of men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2018; 45:57-66. [PMID: 29984205 PMCID: PMC6030611 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2018.45.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that approximately 15% of reproductive-age couples suffer from infertility. Male factors contribute to almost half of infertility cases, and in many patients the underlying cause of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia is unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role as a contributing factor to male infertility, and reactive oxygen species have been shown to impair sperm function and motility and to damage sperm membrane and DNA. Therefore, this review explored the evidence provided by studies published from 2002 to 2017 on the impact of oral antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, zinc, selenium, and pentoxifylline) on seminal fluid parameters in men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Most of the studies were randomized controlled studies that investigated the effect of single or combined antioxidants and reported improvements in at least one semen parameter. The most noteworthy effect that was found was that the use of multiple antioxidants increased sperm motility and concentration. Nonetheless, there is a lack of agreement on the dose, the duration of treatment, and whether individual or combined oral antioxidants should be used. Therefore, the current review provides evidence supporting the use of oral antioxidants in the treatment of infertile men with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed T Alahmar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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32
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Effects of coenzyme Q10 on semen cryopreservation of stallions classified as having good or bad semen freezing ability. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 192:107-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hernández-Camacho JD, Bernier M, López-Lluch G, Navas P. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation in Aging and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29459830 PMCID: PMC5807419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and an antioxidant in plasma membranes and lipoproteins. It is endogenously produced in all cells by a highly regulated pathway that involves a mitochondrial multiprotein complex. Defects in either the structural and/or regulatory components of CoQ complex or in non-CoQ biosynthetic mitochondrial proteins can result in a decrease in CoQ concentration and/or an increase in oxidative stress. Besides CoQ10 deficiency syndrome and aging, there are chronic diseases in which lower levels of CoQ10 are detected in tissues and organs providing the hypothesis that CoQ10 supplementation could alleviate aging symptoms and/or retard the onset of these diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary CoQ10 deficiency syndrome, and have collected published results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There is evidence that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and the symptoms of aging based mainly on improvements in bioenergetics. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation are alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and clinical trials involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in metabolic syndrome and diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, kidney diseases, and human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
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Clavijo RI, Carrasquillo R, Ramasamy R. Varicoceles: prevalence and pathogenesis in adult men. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:364-369. [PMID: 28865534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Varicocele, or dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus, affects up to 15% of men. However, few of these men encounter problems with fertility. This discrepancy between men with varicocele and the number of adversely affected men has led to abundant research to identify the mechanisms for formation of varicocele as well as the pathologic mechanisms by which varicoceles affect fertility potential. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of varicocele in adults, the anatomic features of varicocele, the leading theories as to how varicocele can negatively affect fertility potential, and finally, the current literature on the impact of varicocele on testosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul I Clavijo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert Carrasquillo
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Lee SQE, Tan TS, Kawamukai M, Chen ES. Cellular factories for coenzyme Q 10 production. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:39. [PMID: 28253886 PMCID: PMC5335738 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a benzoquinone present in most organisms, plays an important role in the electron-transport chain, and its deficiency is associated with various neuropathies and muscular disorders. CoQ10 is the only lipid-soluble antioxidant found in humans, and for this, it is gaining popularity in the cosmetic and healthcare industries. To meet the growing demand for CoQ10, there has been considerable interest in ways to enhance its production, the most effective of which remains microbial fermentation. Previous attempts to increase CoQ10 production to an industrial scale have thus far conformed to the strategies used in typical metabolic engineering endeavors. However, the emergence of new tools in the expanding field of synthetic biology has provided a suite of possibilities that extend beyond the traditional modes of metabolic engineering. In this review, we cover the various strategies currently undertaken to upscale CoQ10 production, and discuss some of the potential novel areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Qiu En Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsu Soo Tan
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Kawamukai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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36
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Conservative Nonhormonal Options for the Treatment of Male Infertility: Antibiotics, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Antioxidants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4650182. [PMID: 28164122 PMCID: PMC5253172 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4650182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The nonhormonal medical treatment can be divided into empirical, when the cause has not been identified, and nonempirical, if the pathogenic mechanism causing male infertility can be solved or ameliorated. The empirical nonhormonal medical treatment has been proposed for patients with idiopathic or noncurable oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and for normozoospermic infertile patients. Anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and antioxidant compounds, oligo elements, and vitamin supplementation may be prescribed. Infection, inflammation, and/or increased oxidative stress often require a specific treatment with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and/or antioxidants. Combined therapies can contribute to improve sperm quality.
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Balercia G, Mancini A, Tirabassi G, Pontecorvi A. Coenzyme Q10 in Male Infertility. ANTIOXIDANTS IN ANDROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41749-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Agarwal A, Roychoudhury S, Sharma R, Gupta S, Majzoub A, Sabanegh E. Diagnostic application of oxidation-reduction potential assay for measurement of oxidative stress: clinical utility in male factor infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 34:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ahmadi S, Bashiri R, Ghadiri-Anari A, Nadjarzadeh A. Antioxidant supplements and semen parameters: An evidence based review. Int J Reprod Biomed 2016; 14:729-736. [PMID: 28066832 PMCID: PMC5203687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on male infertility. There is limited evidence about the influence of nutrition on quality of semen. Approximately, 30-80% of infertility cases are caused by oxidative stress and decreased level of seminal total antioxidant capacity. This study was aimed to review the effects of oral antioxidant supplements on improving major semen parameters such as sperm concentration, motility, morphology, DNA damage, and fertility rate. Data were extracted from PubMed and Google scholar database by using the terms "antioxidant", "multivitamin", "carnitine", "CoQ10", "vitamin C", "vitamin E", "zinc", "folic acid", "N-acetyl cysteine" and "selenium" combined with "male infertility", "semen", and "sperm" to generate a set of relevant citations. Supplements such as CoQ10 and alpha-tocopherol significantly improve sperm count. Also, carnitine has positive effects on sperm motility and morphology. Simultaneous administration of vitamin E and vitamin C reduces the sperm DNA damage. However, in some studies, one or more factors have not changed substantially. In most of the studies, antioxidant supplementation improved the number, motility, morphology and sometimes DNA integrity of sperm. The present study showed that antioxidant supplements, especially a combination of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and CoQ10 intake can effectively improve semen parameters in infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Ahmadi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Reihane Bashiri
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Akram Ghadiri-Anari
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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40
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Agarwal A, Roychoudhury S, Bjugstad KB, Cho CL. Oxidation-reduction potential of semen: what is its role in the treatment of male infertility? Ther Adv Urol 2016; 8:302-318. [PMID: 27695529 PMCID: PMC5004233 DOI: 10.1177/1756287216652779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of male infertility relies largely on conventional semen analysis, and its interpretation has a profound influence on subsequent management of patients. Despite poor correlation between conventional semen parameters and male fertility potential, inclusion of advanced semen quality tests to routine male infertility workup algorithms has not been widely accepted. Oxidative stress is one of the major mediators in various etiologies of male infertility; it has deleterious effects on spermatozoa, including DNA damage. Alleviation of oxidative stress constitutes a potential treatment strategy for male infertility. Measurement of seminal oxidative stress is of crucial role in the identification and monitoring of patients who may benefit from treatments. Various tests including reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay or malondialdehyde (MDA) assay used by different laboratories have their own drawbacks. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is a measure of overall balance between oxidants and antioxidants, providing a comprehensive measure of oxidative stress. The MiOXSYS™ System is a novel technology based on a galvanostatic measure of electrons; it presents static ORP (sORP) measures with static referring to the passive or current state of activity between oxidants and antioxidants. Preliminary studies have correlated sORP to poor semen qualities. It is potentially useful in prognostication of assisted reproductive techniques outcomes, screening of antioxidants either in vivo or during IVF cycles, identification of infertile men who may benefit from treatment of oxidative stress, and monitoring of treatment success. The simplified laboratory test requiring a small amount of semen would facilitate clinical application and research in the field. In this paper, we discuss the measurement of ORP by the MiOXSYS System as a real-time assessment of seminal oxidative stress, and argue that it is a potential valuable clinical test that should be incorporated into the male infertility workup and become an important guide to the treatment of oxidative stress-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- Director, Andrology Center and American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Chak-Lam Cho
- Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
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