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Singh B, Jana AK. Agri-residues and agro-industrial waste substrates bioconversion by fungal cultures to biocatalyst lipase for green chemistry: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119219. [PMID: 37852078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Huge amounts of agri-residues generated from food crops and processing are discarded in landfills, causing environmental problems. There is an urgent need to manage them with a green technological approach. Agri-residues are rich in nutrients such as proteins, lipids, sugars, minerals etc., and provide an opportunity for bioconversion into value-added products. Considering the importance of lipase as a biocatalyst for various industrial applications and its growing need for economic production, a detailed review of bioconversion of agri-residues and agro-industrial substrate for the production of lipase from fungal species from a technological perspective has been reported for the first time. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram was used for the identification and selection of articles from ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023 (July), and 108 peer-reviewed journal articles were included based on the scope of the study. The composition of agri-residues/agro-industrial wastes, fungal species, lipase production, industrial/green chemistry applications, and the economic impact of using agri-residues on lipase costs have been discussed. Bioconversion procedure, process developments, and technology gaps required to be addressed before commercialization have also been discussed. This process expects to decrease the environmental pollution from wastes, and low-cost lipase can help in the growth of the bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Asim Kumar Jana
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, 144011, Punjab, India.
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El-Kady K, Raslan M, Zaki AH. Effect of Different TiO 2 Morphologies on the Activity of Immobilized Lipase for Biodiesel Production. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35484-35493. [PMID: 34984280 PMCID: PMC8717535 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipase catalytic activity is greatly influenced by immobilization on nanoparticles. In this study, lipase from Aspergillus niger was immobilized on TiO2 nanoparticles with different morphologies: microspheres, nanotubes, and nanosheets. All TiO2 samples were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Lipase/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a physical adsorption method through hydrophobic interactions. The prepared composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The catalytic activity of free and immobilized lipases was tested using sunflower oil in the presence of methanol to produce biodiesel at 40 °C for 90 min. The lipase immobilized on TiO2 microspheres showed the highest activity compared to the lipase immobilized on TiO2 nanotubes and nanosheets. To optimize the lipase-to-microsphere ratio, lipase was immobilized on TiO2 microspheres in different microspheres/lipase, w/w, (S/L) ratios of 1:1, 1:0.75, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25. It was noticed that the hydrolytic activity follows the order 1:0.25 > 1:0.5 > 1:75 > 1:1. The immobilization yield activities were found to be 113, 123, 125, and 130% for the microspheres/lipase (S/L) ratios of 1:1, 1:0.75, 1:0.5, and 1:0.25, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud El-Kady
- Biotechnology
& Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for
Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Mai Raslan
- Biotechnology
& Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for
Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Ayman H. Zaki
- Materials
Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies
for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
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Salvi HM, Yadav GD. Process intensification using immobilized enzymes for the development of white biotechnology. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Process intensification of biocatalysed reactions using different techniques such as microwaves, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, ionic liquids, microreactors and flow chemistry in various industries is critically analysed and future directions provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshada M. Salvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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Budhwani AAA, Maqbool A, Hussain T, Syed MN. Production of biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification of non-edible Salvadora persica (Pilu) oil and crude coconut oil in a solvent-free system. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is becoming imperative to develop renewable fuels such as biodiesel which are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Exploiting non-edible oils is more necessary to reduce dependency of edible oils for biodiesel production. The current study investigated biodiesel production from non-edible Salvadora persica seed oil (SPSO) and crude coconut oil (CCO) by Burkholderia cepacia lipase acting as a biocatalyst in a solvent-free system. The biodiesel yield produced from these feedstocks was compared and the effect of ethanol (acyl acceptor) vs. SPSO and CCO in various ratios on biodiesel production was determined.
Results
The presence of medium-chain fatty acids in majority was confirmed for SPSO and CCO while the average molecular weight was calculated as 749.53 g/mol and 664.57 g/mol, respectively. Thin Layer Chromatography indicated ethyl esters in the produced Salvadora and coconut biodiesel samples. Maximum biodiesel yield (around 70%) was obtained at 1:4 oil-to-ethanol molar ratio from both oils followed by a decline at higher ratios. The gas chromatographic analysis of Salvadora biodiesel at 1:4 molar ratio showed that the yield of individual esters was mostly of medium- and long-chain fatty acids. The analysis of coconut biodiesel at 1:4 molar ratio revealed that it consists mainly of the esters of medium-chain fatty acids. A comparison of estimated properties of biodiesel from both the parent oils with the international standard showed that it meets most of the requirements.
Conclusion
The study paves the way for a green route for biodiesel production and would promote the use of non-edible vegetable oils over edible ones to produce biodiesel. Further, it is a right step to use lipases in biodiesel production as compared to chemical catalysts. Ethanol, which can also be produced from biomass fermentation, can be used as acyl acceptor to produce biodiesel and this makes the process eco-friendly. Moreover, Burkholderia cepacia lipase is a good choice among lipases to get high biodiesel yields successfully from SPSO and CCO at low oil-to-ethanol molar ratios.
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Ortiz C, Ferreira ML, Barbosa O, dos Santos JCS, Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Briand LE, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Novozym 435: the “perfect” lipase immobilized biocatalyst? Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00415g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Novozym 435 (N435) is a commercially available immobilized lipase produced by Novozymes with its advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ortiz
- Escuela de Microbiología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander
- Bucaramanga
- Colombia
| | - María Luján Ferreira
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química – PLAPIQUI
- CONICET
- Universidad Nacional del Sur
- 8000 Bahía Blanca
- Argentina
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad del Tolima
- Ibagué
- Colombia
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira
- Redenção
- Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Laura E. Briand
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas-Dr. Jorge J. Ronco
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata
- CONICET
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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Performance of packed bed reactor on the enzymatic interesterification of milk fat with soybean oil to yield structure lipids. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jiru TM, Steyn L, Pohl C, Abate D. Production of single cell oil from cane molasses by Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (syn, Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae) SY89 as a biodiesel feedstock. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:91. [PMID: 30097852 PMCID: PMC6086781 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single cell oil has long been considered an alternative to conventional oil sources. The oil produced can also be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Oleaginous yeasts have relatively high growth and lipid production rates, can utilize a wide variety of cheap agro-industrial wastes such as molasses, and can accumulate lipids above 20% of their biomass when they are grown in a bioreactor under conditions of controlled excess carbon and nitrogen limitation. Results In this study, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (syn, Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae) SY89 was cultivated in a nitrogen-limited medium containing cane molasses as a carbon source. The study aims to provide not only information on the production of single cell oil using R. kratochvilovae SY89 on cane molasses as a biodiesel feedstock, but also to characterize the biodiesel obtained from the resultant lipids. After determination of the sugar content in cane molasses, R. kratochvilovae SY89 was grown on the optimized cane molasses for 168 h. Under the optimized conditions, the yeast accumulated lipids up to 38.25 ± 1.10% on a cellular dry biomass basis. This amount corresponds to a lipid yield of 4.82 ± 0.27 g/L. The fatty acid profiles of the extracted yeast lipids were analyzed using gas chromatography, coupled with flame ionization detector. A significant amount of oleic acid (58.51 ± 0.76%), palmitic acid (15.70 ± 1.27%), linoleic acid (13.29 ± 1.18%) and low amount of other fatty acids were detected in the extracted yeast lipids. The lipids were used to prepare biodiesel and the yield was 85.30%. The properties of this biodiesel were determined and found to be comparable to the specifications established by ASTM D6751 and EN14214 related to biodiesel quality. Conclusions Based on the results obtained, the biodiesel from R. kratochvilovae SY89 oil could be a competitive alternative to conventional diesel fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamene Milkessa Jiru
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, P.O.Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Laurinda Steyn
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O.Box: 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina Pohl
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O.Box: 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Dawit Abate
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Liang C, Liu Z, Liu C, Li Y, Yuan H, Wang T. Cook Your Samples: The Application of Microwave Irradiation in Speeding Up Biological Processes. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:236-244. [PMID: 29396747 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Classic and conventional procedures in molecular cloning are inherent compositions in modern molecular biological experiments and are frequently involved in daily laboratory activities. They take up the majority of the total time input in spite of the availability of well-designed specialized commercial kits. A similar situation is also in the field of biotechnology. Fortunately, microwave/ultrasonic irradiation has been found to be capable of speeding up these processes, such as proteolysis in sample preparation for proteomics research, and digestion, ligation, (de)phosphorylation of DNA with the corresponding enzymes, even the introduction of DNA samples to recipient cells, and biotransformation (e.g., the production of biodiesel). Microwave/ultrasonic irradiation, when used solely or in combination with other existing operations, makes it possible to finish these time-consuming processes in as short as 1 min with comparable or even improved efficiency, and there is no need of reagent upgradation. The adoption of irradiation is ideal because it eliminates any possible side effects of the chemicals used as performance enhancer(s) that will inevitably make the system more complicated at least. More notably, the needed irradiation in the laboratory can be generated by a common microwave oven or ultrasonic cleaner. Taken together, microwave/ultrasonic irradiation provides an accessible method to make the procedures mentioned above time- and cost- efficient. In this article, we reviewed the relevant literature and discussed the experiment and mechanism details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Chaoping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Tianwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
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Souza LTDA, Moreno-Perez S, Fernández Lorente G, Cipolatti EP, de Oliveira D, Resende RR, Pessela BC. Immobilization of Moniliella spathulata R25L270 Lipase on Ionic, Hydrophobic and Covalent Supports: Functional Properties and Hydrolysis of Sardine Oil. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101508. [PMID: 28946698 PMCID: PMC6151709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Moniliella spathulata R25L270 was the first yeast able to grow and produce extracellular lipase using Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeate) cake as substrate. The novel lipase was recently identified, and presented promising features for biotechnological applications. The M. spathulata R25L270 lipase efficiently hydrolyzed vegetable and animal oils, and showed selectivity for generating cis-5,8,11,15,17-eicosapentaenoic acid from sardine oil. The enzyme can act in a wide range of temperatures (25–48 °C) and pH (6.5–8.4). The present study deals with the immobilization of M. spathulata R25L270 lipase on hydrophobic, covalent and ionic supports to select the most active biocatalyst capable to obtain omega-3 fatty acids (PUFA) from sardine oil. Nine immobilized agarose derivatives were prepared and biochemically characterized for thermostability, pH stability and catalytic properties (KM and Vmax). Ionic supports improved the enzyme–substrate affinity; however, it was not an effective strategy to increase the M. spathulata R25L270 lipase stability against pH and temperature. Covalent support resulted in a biocatalyst with decreased activity, but high thermostability. The enzyme was most stabilized when immobilized on hydrophobic supports, especially Octyl-Sepharose. Compared with the free enzyme, the half-life of the Octyl-Sepharose derivative at 60 °C increased 10-fold, and lipase stability under acidic conditions was achieved. The Octyl-Sepharose derivative was selected to obtain omega-3 fatty acids from sardine oil, and the maximal enzyme selectivity was achieved at pH 5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia T de A Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Moreno-Perez
- Pharmacy and Biotechnology Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Europea, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gloria Fernández Lorente
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eliane P Cipolatti
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte MG 31270-901, Brazil.
- Instituto Nanocell, Divinópolis MG 35500-041, Brazil.
| | - Benevides C Pessela
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologías, Instituto Superior Politécnico de Tecnologías e Ciências (ISPTEC) Av. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, P.O. Box 1316, Talatona-Luanda Sul, Angola.
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Infanzón B, Cesarini S, Martínez J, Pastor FIJ, Diaz P. Alternative Oils Tested as Feedstocks for Enzymatic FAMEs Synthesis: Toward a More Sustainable Process. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1209-1217. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Infanzón
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Silvia Cesarini
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Josefina Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona; Spain
| | - F. I. Javier Pastor
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; University of Barcelona; Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona; Spain
| | - Pilar Diaz
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028; Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona; Spain
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