1
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Lv JY, Ingle RG, Wu H, Liu C, Fang WJ. Histidine as a versatile excipient in the protein-based biopharmaceutical formulations. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124472. [PMID: 39013532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Adequate stabilization is essential for marketed protein-based biopharmaceutical formulations to withstand the various stresses that can be exerted during the pre- and post-manufacturing processes. Therefore, a suitable choice of excipient is a significant step in the manufacturing of such delicate products. Histidine, an essential amino acid, has been extensively used in protein-based biopharmaceutical formulations. The physicochemical properties of histidine are unique among amino acids and could afford multifaceted benefits to protein-based biopharmaceutical formulations. With a pKa of approximately 6.0 at the side chain, histidine has been primarily used as a buffering agent, especially for pH 5.5-6.5. Additionally, histidine exhibited several affirmative properties similar to those of carbohydrates (e.g., sucrose and trehalose) and could therefore be considered to be an alternative approach to established protein-based formulation strategies. The current review describes the general physicochemical properties of histidine, lists all commercial histidine-containing protein-based biopharmaceutical products, and discusses a brief outline of the existing research focused on the versatile applications of histidine, which can act as a buffering agent, stabilizer, cryo-/lyo-protectant, antioxidant, viscosity reducer, and solubilizing agent. The interaction between histidine and proteins in protein-based biopharmaceutical formulations, such as the Donnan effect during diafiltration of monoclonal antibody solutions and the degradation of polysorbates in histidine buffer, has also been discussed. As the first review of histidine in protein biopharmaceuticals, it helps to deepen our understanding of the opportunities and challenges associated with histidine as an excipient for protein-based biopharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Lv
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, 4221 Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Rahul G Ingle
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to University), Sawangi, Wardha, India
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Wei-Jie Fang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China; Innovation Center of Translational Pharmacy, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321000, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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2
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Rodríguez MC, Villarraza J, Tardivo MB, Antuña S, Fontana D, Ceaglio N, Prieto C. Optimization and Validation of a Liquid Formulation for a New Recombinant Veterinary Product using QbD Approach. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2756-2765. [PMID: 37422284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein formulation and drug characterization are one of the most difficult and time-consuming tasks because of the complexity of biotherapeutic proteins. Hence, maintaining a protein drug in its active state typically requires preventing changes in its physical and chemical properties. Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach emphasizing product and process understanding. Design of Experiments (DoE) is one of the most important QbD tools, allowing the possibility to modify the formulation attributes within a defined design space. Here, we report the validation of a RP-HPLC assay for recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (reCG) that demonstrated a high correlation with the in vivo potency biological assay. QbD concepts were then applied to obtain an optimized liquid formulation of reCG with a predefined quality product profile. The developed strategy demonstrates the importance of applying multivariable strategies as DoE to simplify formulation stages, improving the quality of the obtained results. Moreover, it is important to highlight that this is the first time that a liquid formulation is reported for an eCG molecule, since, up to now, the only eCG products available in the market for veterinary use consisted in partially purified preparations of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) presented as a lyophilized product.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Celeste Rodríguez
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Javier Villarraza
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Belén Tardivo
- Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Antuña
- Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Fontana
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina; Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Cell Culture Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- UNL, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), Biotechnological Development Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, Ruta Nacional 168 - Km 472.4 - C.C. 242 - (S3000ZAA) Santa Fe, Argentina; Biotecnofe S.A. Parque Tecnológico Litoral Centro (PTLC), Ruta 168 Pje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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3
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Hauptmann A, Hoelzl G, Mueller M, Bechtold-Peters K, Loerting T. Raman Marker Bands for Secondary Structure Changes of Frozen Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Formulations During Thawing. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:51-60. [PMID: 36279956 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work we use Raman spectroscopy for protein characterization in the frozen state. We investigate the behavior of frozen therapeutic monoclonal antibody IgG1 formulation upon thawing by Raman spectroscopy. Secondary and tertiary structure of the protein in three different mab formulations in the frozen state are followed through observation of marker bands for α-helix, β-sheet and random coil. We identify the tyrosine intensity ratio I856/I830 as a marker for mab aggregation. Upon fast cooling (40 °C/min) to -80 °C we observe a significant increase of random coil and α -helical structures, while this is not the case for slower cooling (20 °C/min) to -80 °C. Most changes in the protein's secondary structure are observed in the course of thawing in the range up to -20 °C, when passing through the glass transitions and cold-crystallization of the two types of freeze-concentrated solutions formed through macro- and microcryoconcentration. An increase of protein concentration and the addition of mannitol suppress secondary structural changes but do no impact on aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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4
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Narayanan H, Dingfelder F, Condado Morales I, Patel B, Heding KE, Bjelke JR, Egebjerg T, Butté A, Sokolov M, Lorenzen N, Arosio P. Design of Biopharmaceutical Formulations Accelerated by Machine Learning. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3843-3853. [PMID: 34519511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In addition to activity, successful biological drugs must exhibit a series of suitable developability properties, which depend on both protein sequence and buffer composition. In the context of this high-dimensional optimization problem, advanced algorithms from the domain of machine learning are highly beneficial in complementing analytical screening and rational design. Here, we propose a Bayesian optimization algorithm to accelerate the design of biopharmaceutical formulations. We demonstrate the power of this approach by identifying the formulation that optimizes the thermal stability of three tandem single-chain Fv variants within 25 experiments, a number which is less than one-third of the experiments that would be required by a classical DoE method and several orders of magnitude smaller compared to detailed experimental analysis of full combinatorial space. We further show the advantage of this method over conventional approaches to efficiently transfer historical information as prior knowledge for the development of new biologics or when new buffer agents are available. Moreover, we highlight the benefit of our technique in engineering multiple biophysical properties by simultaneously optimizing both thermal and interface stabilities. This optimization minimizes the amount of surfactant in the formulation, which is important to decrease the risks associated with corresponding degradation processes. Overall, this method can provide high speed of converging to optimal conditions, the ability to transfer prior knowledge, and the identification of new nonlinear combinations of excipients. We envision that these features can lead to a considerable acceleration in formulation design and to parallelization of operations during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Dingfelder
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biophysics and Injectable Formulation, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Itzel Condado Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biophysics and Injectable Formulation, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Bhargav Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristine Enemærke Heding
- Department of Biophysics and Injectable Formulation, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Jais Rose Bjelke
- Department of Purification Technologies, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Thomas Egebjerg
- Department of Mammalian Expression, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nikolai Lorenzen
- Department of Biophysics and Injectable Formulation, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Ren CD, Qi W, Wyatt EA, Yeary J, Westland K, Berke M, Rathore N. Application of a High Throughput and Automated Workflow to Therapeutic Protein Formulation Development. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1130-1141. [PMID: 33203511 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient formulation development is critical to successfully bringing therapeutic protein drug products into a competitive market under increasingly aggressive timelines. Conventional application of high throughput techniques for formulation development have been limited to lower protein concentrations, which are not applicable to late stage development of high concentration therapeutics. In this work, we present a high throughput (HT) formulation workflow that enables screening at representative concentrations via integration of a micro-buffer exchange system with automated analytical instruments. The operational recommendations associated with the use of such HT systems as well as the efficiencies gained (reduction in hands-on time and run time by over 70% and 30%, respectively), which enable practical characterization of an expanded formulation design space, are discussed. To demonstrate that the workflow is fit for purpose, the formulation properties and stability profiles (SEC and CEX) from samples generated by the HT workflow were compared to those processed by ultrafiltration/diafiltration, and the results were shown to be in good agreement. This approach was further applied to two case studies, one focused on a formulation screen that studied the effects of pH and excipient on viscosity and stability, and the other focused on selection of an appropriate viscosity mimic solution for a protein product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy D Ren
- Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320.
| | - Wei Qi
- Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Emily A Wyatt
- Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Jeffrey Yeary
- Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | | | - Michael Berke
- Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Nitin Rathore
- Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
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6
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Intermolecular interactions in highly concentrated formulations of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Mohammad A, Agarabi C, Rogstad S, DiCioccio E, Brorson K, Ashraf M, Faustino PJ, Madhavarao CN. An ICP-MS platform for metal content assessment of cell culture media and evaluation of spikes in metal concentration on the quality of an IgG3:κ monoclonal antibody during production. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 162:91-100. [PMID: 30227357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions can be enzyme cofactors and can directly influence the kinetics of biochemical reactions that also influence the biological production and quality attributes of therapeutic proteins, such as glycan formation and distribution. However, the concentrations of metals in commercially available chemically defined media can range from 1 to 25,000 ppb. Because such concentration changes can impact cell growth, manufacturing yield and product quality the alteration/fluctuation in media composition should be well controlled to maintain product quality. Here, we describe a platform of analytical methods to determine the composition of several metals in different sample matrices using an advanced automated Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). These methods, validated to ICH Q2R1 regulatory validation parameters, were successfully applied to- (a) screen cell culture media; (b) determine changes in the metal concentration during cell growth in spinner flasks, and, (c) determine effect on the glycosylation pattern and homogeneity of an IgG3:κ produced from a murine-hybridoma cell line in bench-top parallel bioreactors due to a spike in copper and iron concentration. Our results show that maintenance of metal content in the cell culture media is critical for product consistency of the IgG3:κ produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Mohammad
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States
| | - Cyrus Agarabi
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States
| | - Sarah Rogstad
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States
| | - Elizabeth DiCioccio
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States
| | - Kurt Brorson
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States
| | - Patrick J Faustino
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States
| | - Chikkathur N Madhavarao
- Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States.
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8
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Viola M, Sequeira J, Seiça R, Veiga F, Serra J, Santos AC, Ribeiro AJ. Subcutaneous delivery of monoclonal antibodies: How do we get there? J Control Release 2018; 286:301-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Awwad S, Angkawinitwong U. Overview of Antibody Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E83. [PMID: 29973504 PMCID: PMC6161251 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most important classes of therapeutic proteins, which are used to treat a wide number of diseases (e.g., oncology, inflammation and autoimmune diseases). Monoclonal antibody technologies are continuing to evolve to develop medicines with increasingly improved safety profiles, with the identification of new drug targets being one key barrier for new antibody development. There are many opportunities for developing antibody formulations for better patient compliance, cost savings and lifecycle management, e.g., subcutaneous formulations. However, mAb-based medicines also have limitations that impact their clinical use; the most prominent challenges are their short pharmacokinetic properties and stability issues during manufacturing, transport and storage that can lead to aggregation and protein denaturation. The development of long acting protein formulations must maintain protein stability and be able to deliver a large enough dose over a prolonged period. Many strategies are being pursued to improve the formulation and dosage forms of antibodies to improve efficacy and to increase the range of applications for the clinical use of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Awwad
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1 V9EL, UK.
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10
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Coussot G, Faye C, Le Postollec A, Dobrijevic M. A methodological approach for the thermal stability and stress exposure studies of a model antibody. Anal Biochem 2018; 548:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Impact of Buffer, Protein Concentration and Sucrose Addition on the Aggregation and Particle Formation during Freezing and Thawing. Pharm Res 2018; 35:101. [PMID: 29556730 PMCID: PMC5859698 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study addresses the effect of freezing and thawing on a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) solution and the corresponding buffer formulation. Particle formation, crystallization behaviour, morphology changes and cryo-concentration effects were studied after varying the freezing and thawing rates, buffer formulation and protein concentration. The impact of undergoing multiple freeze/thaw (FT)-cycles at controlled and uncontrolled temperature rates on mAb solutions was investigated in terms of particle formation. Methods Physicochemical characteristics were analysed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry whereas morphology changes are visualized by cryomicroscopy measurements. Micro Flow Imaging, Archimedes and Dynamic Light Scattering were used to investigate particle formation. Results Data retrieved in the present study emphasizes the damage caused by multiple FT-cyles and the need for sucrose as a cryoprotectant preventing cold-crystallization specifically at high protein concentrations. Low protein concentrations cause an increase of micron particle formation. Low freezing rates lead to a decreased particle number with increased particle diameter. Conclusion The overall goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the freezing and thawing behaviour of mAb solutions with the ultimate aim to optimize this process step by reducing the unwanted particle formation, which also includes protein aggregates.
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12
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Baek Y, Singh N, Arunkumar A, Zydney AL. Effects of Histidine and Sucrose on the Biophysical Properties of a Monoclonal Antibody. Pharm Res 2016; 34:629-639. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Zbacnik TJ, Holcomb RE, Katayama DS, Murphy BM, Payne RW, Coccaro RC, Evans GJ, Matsuura JE, Henry CS, Manning MC. Role of Buffers in Protein Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:713-733. [PMID: 27894967 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Buffers comprise an integral component of protein formulations. Not only do they function to regulate shifts in pH, they also can stabilize proteins by a variety of mechanisms. The ability of buffers to stabilize therapeutic proteins whether in liquid formulations, frozen solutions, or the solid state is highlighted in this review. Addition of buffers can result in increased conformational stability of proteins, whether by ligand binding or by an excluded solute mechanism. In addition, they can alter the colloidal stability of proteins and modulate interfacial damage. Buffers can also lead to destabilization of proteins, and the stability of buffers themselves is presented. Furthermore, the potential safety and toxicity issues of buffers are discussed, with a special emphasis on the influence of buffers on the perceived pain upon injection. Finally, the interaction of buffers with other excipients is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- LegacyBioDesign LLC, Johnstown, Colorado 80534; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Derrick S Katayama
- LegacyBioDesign LLC, Johnstown, Colorado 80534; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Brian M Murphy
- LegacyBioDesign LLC, Johnstown, Colorado 80534; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Robert W Payne
- LegacyBioDesign LLC, Johnstown, Colorado 80534; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Mark Cornell Manning
- LegacyBioDesign LLC, Johnstown, Colorado 80534; Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523.
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14
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Agarabi CD, Chavez BK, Lute SC, Read EK, Rogstad S, Awotwe-Otoo D, Brown MR, Boyne MT, Brorson KA. Exploring the linkage between cell culture process parameters and downstream processing utilizing a plackett-burman design for a model monoclonal antibody. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:163-170. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus D. Agarabi
- Div. II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER; FDA; Silver Spring MD
| | - Brittany K. Chavez
- Div. II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER; FDA; Silver Spring MD
| | - Scott C. Lute
- Div. II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER; FDA; Silver Spring MD
| | - Erik K. Read
- Div. II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER; FDA; Silver Spring MD
| | - Sarah Rogstad
- Div. of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Office of Testing and Research, OPQ, CDER, FDA; Silver Spring MD
| | - David Awotwe-Otoo
- Div. of Post Marketing Activities II; OPQ, CDER, FDA; Silver Spring MD
| | - Matthew R. Brown
- Div. II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER; FDA; Silver Spring MD
| | - Michael T. Boyne
- Div. of Pharmaceutical Analysis; Office of Testing and Research, OPQ, CDER, FDA; Silver Spring MD
| | - Kurt A. Brorson
- Div. II, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, CDER; FDA; Silver Spring MD
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15
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Fisher AC, Lee SL, Harris DP, Buhse L, Kozlowski S, Yu L, Kopcha M, Woodcock J. Advancing pharmaceutical quality: An overview of science and research in the U.S. FDA's Office of Pharmaceutical Quality. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:390-402. [PMID: 27773853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Failures surrounding pharmaceutical quality, particularly with respect to product manufacturing issues and facility remediation, account for the majority of drug shortages and product recalls in the United States. Major scientific advancements pressure established regulatory paradigms, especially in the areas of biosimilars, precision medicine, combination products, emerging manufacturing technologies, and the use of real-world data. Pharmaceutical manufacturing is increasingly globalized, prompting the need for more efficient surveillance systems for monitoring product quality. Furthermore, increasing scrutiny and accelerated approval pathways provide a driving force to be even more efficient with limited regulatory resources. To address these regulatory challenges, the Office of Pharmaceutical Quality (OPQ) in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) harbors a rigorous science and research program in core areas that support drug quality review, inspection, surveillance, standards, and policy development. Science and research is the foundation of risk-based quality assessment of new drugs, generic drugs, over-the-counter drugs, and biotechnology products including biosimilars. This is an overview of the science and research activities in OPQ that support the mission of ensuring that safe, effective, and high-quality drugs are available to the American public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Fisher
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Sau L Lee
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Daniel P Harris
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Lucinda Buhse
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Steven Kozlowski
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Lawrence Yu
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Michael Kopcha
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Janet Woodcock
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
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