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Bone regeneration in osteoporosis: opportunities and challenges. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:419-432. [PMID: 35994158 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterised by low bone mineral density, reduced bone strength, increased bone fragility, and impaired mineralisation of bones causing an increased risk of bone fracture. Several therapies are available for treating osteoporosis which include bisphosphonates, anti-resorptive agents, oestrogen modulators, etc. These therapies primarily focus on decreasing bone resorption and do not assist in bone regeneration or offering permanent curative solutions. Additionally, these therapies are associated with severe adverse events like thromboembolism, increased risk of stroke, and hypocalcaemia. To overcome these limitations, bone regenerative pathways and approaches are now considered to manage osteoporosis. The bone regenerative pathways involved in bone regeneration include wingless-related integration site/β-catenin signalling pathway, notch signalling pathway, calcium signalling, etc. The various regenerative approaches which possess potential to heal and replace the bone defect site include scaffolds, cements, cell therapy, and other alternative medicines. The review focuses on describing the challenges and opportunities in bone regeneration for osteoporosis.
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Lu JH, Chou YR, Deng YH, Huang MS, Chien ST, Quynh BTN, Wu CY, Peláez Achtmann EA, Cheng HC, Dubey NK, Deng WP. The Novel Herbal Cocktail AGA Alleviates Oral Cancer through Inducing Apoptosis, Inhibited Migration and Promotion of Cell Cycle Arrest at SubG1 Phase. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3214. [PMID: 33142749 PMCID: PMC7692053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines Antler's extract (A) and Ganoderma lucidum (G) and Antrodia Camphorata (A) have been known to individually contain a plethora of bioactive factors including triterpenoids, polysaccharides etc., exerting various curative impacts such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-viral activities. However, their combinatorial therapeutic efficacy for oral cancer has not been investigated. Hence, we synthesized a robust cocktail called AGA and investigated its anti-oral cancer potential in vitro and in vivo. An MTT assay revealed the IC50 of AGA to be about 15 mg at 72 h. Therefore, 10 mg and 20 mg doses were selected to study the effect of AGA. The AGA significantly inhibited proliferation of oral cancer cells (HSC3, SAS, and OECM-1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AGA retarded cell cycle regulators (CDK4, CDK6, cyclin A, B1, D1 and E2) and apoptosis inhibitory protein Bcl-2, but enhanced pro-apoptotic protein Bax and a higher percentage of cells in Sub-G1 phase. Mechanistically, AGA suppressed all EMT markers; consequently, it decreased the migration ability of cancer cells. AGA significantly reduced xenograft tumor growth in nude mice with no adverse events in liver and renal toxicity. Conclusively, AGA strongly inhibited oral cancer through inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the migration and promotion of cell cycle arrest at subG1 phase, which may be mediated primarily via cocktail-contained triterpenoids and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hua Lu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-H.D.); (E.A.P.A.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Ru Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Yue-Hua Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-H.D.); (E.A.P.A.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Mao-Suan Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan;
| | - Shaw-Ting Chien
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Bach Thi Nhu Quynh
- Department of Medicine Molecular Biology, Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dang Giang, Ngo Quyen, Haiphong 04212, Vietnam;
| | - Chia-Yu Wu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Edlin Anahi Peláez Achtmann
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-H.D.); (E.A.P.A.); (H.-C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-H.D.); (E.A.P.A.); (H.-C.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110131, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-H.D.); (E.A.P.A.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-H.D.); (E.A.P.A.); (H.-C.C.)
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
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Wang C, Zhang W, Wong JH, Ng T, Ye X. Diversity of potentially exploitable pharmacological activities of the highly prized edible medicinal fungus Antrodia camphorata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7843-7867. [PMID: 31407039 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata, also known as A. cinnamomea, is a precious medicinal basidiomycete fungus endemic to Taiwan. This article summarizes the recent advances in research on the multifarious pharmacological effects of A. camphorata. The mushroom exhibits anticancer activity toward a large variety of cancers including breast, cervical, ovarian, prostate, bladder, colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and lung cancers; melanoma; leukemia; lymphoma; neuroblastoma; and glioblastoma. Other activities encompass antiinflammatory, antiatopic dermatitis, anticachexia, immunoregulatory, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, antioxidative, antiphotodamaging, hepatoprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, testis protecting, antiasthmatic, osteogenic, osteoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and wound healing activities. This review aims to provide a reference for further development and utilization of this highly prized mushroom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzibun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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