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Khedr LH, Rahmo RM, Eldemerdash OM, Helmy EM, Ramzy FA, Lotfy GH, Zakaria HA, Gad MM, Youhanna MM, Samaan MH, Thabet NW, Ghazal RH, Rabie MA. Implication of M2 macrophage on NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in mediating the neuroprotective effect of Canagliflozin against methotrexate-induced cognitive impairment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111709. [PMID: 38377857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapeutic antimetabolite, has been linked to cognitive impairment in cancer patients. MTX-induced metabolic pathway disruption may result in decreased antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress, influencing hippocampal neurogenesis and microglial activation. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), an oxidative stress byproduct, has been linked to MTX toxicity via the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Macrophage activation and polarization plays an important role in tissue injury. This differentiation may be mediated via either the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or NLRP3 inflammasome. Interestingly, Canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor has been recently reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects by modulating macrophage polarization balance. This study aimed to investigate CANA's protective effect against MTX-induced cognitive impairment, highlighting the possible involvement of TLR4/ NF-κB crosstalk with NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization. Forty-eight Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; (1) received saline orally for 30 days and intravenously on days 8 and 15. (2) received Canagliflozin (CANA; 20 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 30 days. (3) received MTX (75 mg/kg, i.v.) on day 8 and 15, then they were injected with four i.p. injections of leucovorin (LCV): the first dose was 6 mg/ kg after 18 h, and the remaining doses were 3 mg/kg after 26, 42, and 50 h of MTX administration. (4) received MTX and LCV as in group 3 in addition to CANA as in group 2. MTX-treated rats showed cognitive deficits in spatial and learning memory as evidenced in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. MTX exerted an oxidative effect which was evident by the increase in MDA and decline in SOD, GSH and GPx. Moreover, it exerted an inflammatory effect via elevated caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-8. CANA treatment restored cognitive ability, reduced MTX-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via attenuation of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling, and rebalanced macrophage polarization by promoting the M2 phenotype. Hence, targeting molecular mechanisms manipulating macrophage polarization may offer novel neuroprotective strategies for preventing or treating MTX-induced immune modulation and its detrimental sequel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna H Khedr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Rania M Rahmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Omar M Eldemerdash
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Engy M Helmy
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Felopateer A Ramzy
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - George H Lotfy
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Habiba A Zakaria
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Marine M Gad
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Marina M Youhanna
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Manar H Samaan
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Nevert W Thabet
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Reem H Ghazal
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Guo WH, Zhang K, Yang LH. Potential Mechanisms of Pyrrosiae Folium in Treating Prostate Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:189-197. [PMID: 35730236 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2088785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The network pharmacology approach and molecular docking were employed to explore the mechanism of Pyrrosiae Folium(PF) against prostate cancer (PCa). Methods The active compounds and their corresponding putative targets of PF were identified by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), the gene names of the targets were obtained from the UniProt database. The collection of genes associated with PCa were obtained from GeneCards and DisGeNET database. We merged the drug targets and disease targets by online software, Draw Venn Diagram. The resulting gene list was imported into R software (v3.6.3) for GO and KEGG function enrichment analysis. The STRING database was utilized for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. The cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape was used to identify core genes. Further, molecular docking analysis of the hub targets were carried out using AutoDock Vina software (v1.5.6). Results A total of 6 active components were screened by PF, with 167 corresponding putative targets, 1395 related targets for PCa, and 113 targets for drugs and diseases. The "drug-component-disease-target" network was constructed by Cytoscape software and the target genes mainly involved in the complex treating effects associated with response to oxidative stress, cytokine activity, pathways in cancer, prostate cancer pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Core genes in the PPI network were TNF, JUN, IL6, IL1B, CXCL8, RELA, CCL2, TP53, IL10 and FOS. The molecular docking results reveal the better binding affinity of 6 active components to the core targets. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that PF may be have a certain anti-PCa effect by regulating related target genes, affecting Pathways in cancer, TNF signaling pathway, Hepatitis B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Guo
- Modern College of Humanities and Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Hong Yang
- Modern College of Humanities and Science of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, P.R. China
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Mandala JP, Thada S, Sivangala R, Ponnana M, Myakala R, Gaddam S. Influence of NOD-like receptor 2 gene polymorphisms on muramyl dipeptide induced pro-inflammatory response in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and household contacts. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152096. [PMID: 34058448 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune response induced by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2(NOD2) is associated with the production of cytokines affected by the host's genetic background. The present study aimed to examine the effects of NOD2; 802C > T, 2105G > A polymorphisms associated with altered cytokine levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease, Latent TB subjects (household contacts(HHC) and healthy controls(HC). METHODS Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) in 102-PTB patients, 102-HHC, and 132-HC. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test was performed to identify latent TB infection in 60-HHC. Estimated their cytokine levels by ELISA in MDP (muramyl dipeptide) stimulated culture supernatants of all the groups. Further, we studied pre-mRNA structures by insilico analysis and relative gene expression by RT-PCR. RESULTS Recessive genetic models of NOD2 802C > T SNP with TT genotype and AA genotype of NOD2 2105G > A SNP were significantly associated with increased TB risk in PTB patients and HHC compared with HC. In vitro stimulations were performed with NOD2 ligand MDP in PTB patients and latent TB subjects: QuantiFERON positive household contacts (QFT + ve HHC)and QuantiFERON negative household contacts(QFT-ve HHC). The results showed that reduced TNF-α and enhanced IL-12, IL-1β indicate that these cytokines may play an essential role in the initial maintenance of cell-mediated immunity. Our study demonstrated the correlation between NOD2 polymorphism with IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12 levels. Insilico analysis represents the pre-mRNA secondary structures affected by NOD2 SNPs. We also observed the difference in m RNA levels in variant and wild genotypes. CONCLUSION This finding may lead to the forthcoming development of immunotherapy and may be used as predictive markers to identify high-risk individuals for TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Priya Mandala
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shruthi Thada
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Meenakshi Ponnana
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - SumanLatha Gaddam
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
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Huang R, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Han B, Ju M, Chen B, Yang L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Zhang H, Xie C, Zhang Z, Yao H. N 6-Methyladenosine Modification of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Messenger RNA in Circular RNA STAG1-Regulated Astrocyte Dysfunction and Depressive-like Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:392-404. [PMID: 32387133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant epigenetic modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs and is essential for multiple RNA processing events in physiological and pathological processes. However, precisely how m6A methylation is involved in major depressive disorder (MDD) is not fully understood. METHODS Circular RNA STAG1 (circSTAG1) was screened from the hippocampus of chronic unpredictable stress-treated mice using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Microinjection of circSTAG1 lentivirus into the mouse hippocampus was used to observe the role of circSTAG1 in depression. Sucrose preference, forced swim, and tail suspension tests were performed to evaluate the depressive-like behaviors of mice. Astrocyte dysfunction was examined by GFAP immunostaining and 3D reconstruction. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequence analysis was used to identify downstream targets of circSTAG1/ALKBH5 (alkB homolog 5) axis. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to evaluate astrocyte viability in vitro. RESULTS circSTAG1 was significantly decreased in the chronic unpredictable stress-treated mouse hippocampus and in peripheral blood of patients with MDD. Overexpression of circSTAG1 notably attenuated astrocyte dysfunction and depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable stress. Further examination indicated that overexpressed circSTAG1 captured ALKBH5 and decreased the translocation of ALKBH5 into the nucleus, leading to increased m6A methylation of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) messenger RNA and degradation of FAAH in astrocytes with subsequent attenuation of depressive-like behaviors and astrocyte loss induced by corticosterone in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our findings dissect the functional link between circSTAG1 and m6A methylation in the context of MDD, providing evidence that circSTAG1 may be a novel therapeutic target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minzi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Haisan Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chunming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms and their effect on the immune response to ESAT-6, Pam3CSK4 TLR2 agonist in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and household contacts. Cytokine 2020; 126:154897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kim JE, Takanche JS, Yun BS, Yi HK. Anti-inflammatory character of Phelligridin D modulates periodontal regeneration in lipopolysaccharide-induced human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:816-824. [PMID: 29851069 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Phelligridin D is a hispidin analogue from the mushroom Phellinus baumii that is widely used as a food source in East Asia. This study tested phelligridin D for the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). The objective of this study was to clarify whether the anti-inflammatory function of phelligridin D affects periodontal regeneration for supporting the HPDLCs of teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary HPDLCs were isolated from healthy teeth and then cultured. The anti-inflammatory function, mechanism and differentiation molecules were verified with reactive oxygen species generation and western blot analysis in LPS-induced HPDLCs. RESULTS HPDLCs showed increased inflammatory molecules (intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and decreased osteogenic proteins (bone morphogenetic protein-7, Osterix and runt-related transcription factor 2) by LPS treatment. Phelligridin D decreased inflammatory molecules and increased osteogenic molecules via downregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-jun N-terminal kinases pathway among the mitogen-activated protein kinase, followed by blocking of nuclear factor kappa-B translocation from cytosol to nucleus. In addition, phelligridin D showed antioxidant properties by reducing reactive oxygen species activity. Finally, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant function of phelligridin D promoted the periodontal differentiation of HPDLCs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that phelligridin D supports teeth on the alveolar bone against outside stress, and may be used as an anti-inflammatory compound for the prevention of periodontitis or periodontal regenerative related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-E Kim
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J-S Takanche
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - B-S Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Biosource Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - H-K Yi
- Departments of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Yang M, Tao J, Wu H, Zhang L, Yao Y, Liu L, Zhu T, Fan H, Cui X, Dou H, Liu G. Responses of Transgenic Melatonin-Enriched Goats on LPS Stimulation and the Proteogenomic Profiles of Their PBMCs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082406. [PMID: 30111707 PMCID: PMC6121286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of melatonin (MT) has been well documented; however, little is known regarding endogenously occurring MT in this respect, especially for large animals. In the current study, we created a MT-enriched animal model (goats) overexpressing the MT synthetase gene Aanat. The responses of these animals to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were systematically studied. It was found that LPS treatment exacerbated the inflammatory response in wild-type (WT) goats and increased their temperature to 40 °C. In addition, their granulocyte counts were also significantly elevated. In contrast, these symptoms were not observed in transgenic goats with LPS treatment. The rescue study with MT injection into WT goats who were treated with LPS confirmed that the protective effects in transgenic goats against LPS were attributed to a high level of endogenously produced MT. The proteomic analysis in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the transgenic animals uncovered several potential mechanisms. MT suppressed the lysosome formation as well as its function by downregulation of the lysosome-associated genes Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), and Arylsulfatase B (ARSB). A high level of MT enhanced the antioxidant capacity of these cells to reduce the cell apoptosis induced by the LPS. In addition, the results also uncovered previously unknown information that showed that MT may have protective effects on some human diseases, including tuberculosis, bladder cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, by downregulation of these disease-associated genes. All these observations warranted further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Jingli Tao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Yujun Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Lixi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Hao Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Xudai Cui
- Qingdao Sanuels Industrial & Commercial Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Haoran Dou
- Qingdao Sanuels Industrial & Commercial Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Columbianetin on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9191743. [PMID: 29849500 PMCID: PMC5907401 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9191743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is increasingly considered as the main cause of many diseases on which NOD1/NF-κB pathway plays an important role. Columbianetin (CBT) is derived from the root of the Chinese herb Radix Angelicae Pubescentis for treating inflammatory diseases. Although the anti-inflammatory effect of CBT has been reported, its anti-inflammatory mechanism was poorly studied. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory pathway of CBT in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) model. Inflammatory cytokine production in culture supernatant was assessed using ELISA assay, and the possible anti-inflammatory pathway of CBT was screened using qPCR array and enrichment analysis with DAVID6.8. To further confirm the targeted pathway of CBT, we pretreated PBMC with the selective NOD1 inhibitor ML130 and then measured the protein levels of the pathway by Western blotting. The result showed that CBT effectively suppressed the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner and significantly downregulated 19 out of 32 differentially expressed genes, most of which were involved in the NOD1/NF-κB pathway, and also showed that CBT remarkably inhibited LPS-induced NOD1, RIP2, and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of CBT on NOD1/NF-κB pathways were blocked by ML130. These findings indicated that CBT inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS involved in the downregulation of NOD1/NF-κB pathways.
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The Role of Regulatory T Cell in Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-Induced Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8387150. [PMID: 29725272 PMCID: PMC5872612 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8387150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with irreversible persistent airflow limitation and enhanced inflammation. The episodes of acute exacerbation (AECOPD) largely depend on the colonized pathogens such as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), one of the most commonly isolated bacteria. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical in controlling inflammatory immune responses and maintaining tolerance; however, their role in AECOPD is poorly understood. In this study, we hypothesized a regulatory role of Tregs, as NTHi participated in the progress of COPD. Immunological pathogenesis was investigated in a murine COPD model induced by cigarette smoke (CS). NTHi was administrated through intratracheal instillation for an acute exacerbation. Weight loss and lung function decline were observed in smoke-exposed mice. Mice in experimental groups exhibited serious inflammatory responses via histological and cytokine assessment. Expression levels of Tregs and Th17 cells with specific cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-17 were detected to assess the balance of pro-/anti-inflammatory influence partially. Our findings suggested an anti-inflammatory activity of Tregs in CS-induced model. But this activity was suppressed after NTHi administration. Collectively, these data suggested that NTHi might play a necessary role in downregulating Foxp3 to impair the function of Tregs, helping development into AECOPD.
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