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Mandala JP, Thada S, Sivangala R, Ponnana M, Myakala R, Gaddam S. Influence of NOD-like receptor 2 gene polymorphisms on muramyl dipeptide induced pro-inflammatory response in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and household contacts. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152096. [PMID: 34058448 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immune response induced by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2(NOD2) is associated with the production of cytokines affected by the host's genetic background. The present study aimed to examine the effects of NOD2; 802C > T, 2105G > A polymorphisms associated with altered cytokine levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis disease, Latent TB subjects (household contacts(HHC) and healthy controls(HC). METHODS Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP) in 102-PTB patients, 102-HHC, and 132-HC. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test was performed to identify latent TB infection in 60-HHC. Estimated their cytokine levels by ELISA in MDP (muramyl dipeptide) stimulated culture supernatants of all the groups. Further, we studied pre-mRNA structures by insilico analysis and relative gene expression by RT-PCR. RESULTS Recessive genetic models of NOD2 802C > T SNP with TT genotype and AA genotype of NOD2 2105G > A SNP were significantly associated with increased TB risk in PTB patients and HHC compared with HC. In vitro stimulations were performed with NOD2 ligand MDP in PTB patients and latent TB subjects: QuantiFERON positive household contacts (QFT + ve HHC)and QuantiFERON negative household contacts(QFT-ve HHC). The results showed that reduced TNF-α and enhanced IL-12, IL-1β indicate that these cytokines may play an essential role in the initial maintenance of cell-mediated immunity. Our study demonstrated the correlation between NOD2 polymorphism with IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12 levels. Insilico analysis represents the pre-mRNA secondary structures affected by NOD2 SNPs. We also observed the difference in m RNA levels in variant and wild genotypes. CONCLUSION This finding may lead to the forthcoming development of immunotherapy and may be used as predictive markers to identify high-risk individuals for TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Priya Mandala
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shruthi Thada
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Meenakshi Ponnana
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - SumanLatha Gaddam
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
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Thada S, Ponnana M, Sivangala R, Joshi L, Alasandagutti M, Ansari MSS, Schumann RR, Valluri V, Gaddam S. Polymorphisms of IFN-γ (+874A/T) and IL-12 (+1188A/C) in tuberculosis patients and their household contacts in Hyderabad, India. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:559-65. [PMID: 27108964 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Several cytokine gene variants have shown to be associated with host susceptibility to infectious diseases including tuberculosis (TB). High rates of transmission were identified within household members of TB patients. In this study, we examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of IFN-γ +874A/T and IL-12 +1188A/C affect susceptibility to TB. Genomic DNA from patients with active disease, their household contacts HHC and healthy controls HC was genotyped for IFN-γ +874A/T and IL-12 +1188A/C SNPs by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). IFN-γ +874 AA and AT genotypes were significantly with different frequencies in patients and total HHC as compared to HC (p<0.0001). In patients IL-12 +1188 AC and CC genotypes were associated with TB (p<0.003, p<0.008). In total HHC AC, CC genotypes and both alleles (A&C) were significantly different as compared to HC (p<0.004, p<0.001, p<0.034) and the same result was obtained when HHC were stratified into related (p<0.02, p<0.001) and unrelated (p<0.009, p<0.017) individuals. Allelic frequencies, however, were significant only in related contacts (p<0.021). Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method (GMDR) testing revealed high risk combinations of several genotypes in IFN-γ & IL-12 genes. Our findings suggest an important role of genetic variations of IFN-γ and IL-12 for susceptibility to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Thada
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India; Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charite University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meenakshi Ponnana
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramya Sivangala
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lavanya Joshi
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Ralf R Schumann
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charite University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vijayalakshmi Valluri
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India; LEPRA India - Blue Peter Public Health & Research Centre, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sumanlatha Gaddam
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Vemula MH, Ganji R, Sivangala R, Jakkala K, Gaddam S, Penmetsa S, Banerjee S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zinc Metalloprotease-1 Elicits Tuberculosis-Specific Humoral Immune Response Independent of Mycobacterial Load in Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:418. [PMID: 27065979 PMCID: PMC4814508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, facultative intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacilli in human is cleared by cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with CD4+ T cells playing instrumental role in protective immunity, while antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) is considered non-protective. This longstanding convention has been challenged with recent evidences of increased susceptibility of hosts with compromised AMI and monoclonal antibodies conferring passive protection against TB and other intracellular pathogens. Therefore, novel approaches toward vaccine development include strategies aiming at induction of humoral response along with CMI. This necessitates the identification of mycobacterial proteins with properties of immunomodulation and strong immunogenicity. In this study, we determined the immunogenic potential of M. tuberculosis Zinc metalloprotease-1 (Zmp1), a secretory protein essential for intracellular survival and pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. We observed that Zmp1 was secreted by in vitro grown M. tuberculosis under granuloma-like stress conditions (acidic, oxidative, iron deficiency, and nutrient deprivation) and generated Th2 cytokine microenvironment upon exogenous treatment of peripheral blood mononulear cells PBMCs with recombinant Zmp1 (rZmp1). This was supported by recording specific and robust humoral response in TB patients in a cohort of 295. The anti-Zmp1 titers were significantly higher in TB patients (n = 121) as against healthy control (n = 62), household contacts (n = 89) and non-specific infection controls (n = 23). A significant observation of the study is the presence of equally high titers of anti-Zmp1 antibodies in a range of patients with high bacilli load (sputum bacilli load of 300+ per mL) to paucibacillary smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases. This clearly indicated the potential of Zmp1 to evoke an effective humoral response independent of mycobacterial load. Such mycobacterial proteins can be explored as antigen candidates for prime-boost vaccination strategies or extrapolated as markers for disease detection and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani H Vemula
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
| | - Rakesh Ganji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramya Sivangala
- Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center Hyderabad, India
| | - Kiran Jakkala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumanlatha Gaddam
- Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research CenterHyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania UniversityHyderabad, India
| | | | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
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Joshi L, Ponnana M, Sivangala R, Chelluri LK, Nallari P, Valluri VL, Gaddam S. Cytokine production and mRNA expression in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their household contacts of younger age group (15-25years). J Immunol Methods 2016; 432:65-71. [PMID: 26876300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Household contacts of tuberculosis patients are at high risk of infection and development of active disease. In this study we evaluated the cytokine production and mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10&IL-6 stimulated with r32kDa M. bovis BCGAg in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients (APTB), household contacts (HHC) and healthy controls (HC). The results showed the stimulated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were low while IL-10 levels were high in APTB and HHC compared to HC. IL-6 has not shown any significant difference. The mRNA expression of TNF- α was 8 fold high in HCs compared to APTB and HHC. The IL-6 expression was 2.2 fold &1 fold less in APTB and HHC compared to HCs. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that the stimulated levels of IFN-γ & IL-6 and sex significantly predicted the HHC group from HCs at p<0.05.In conclusion further follow up studies with r32kd antigen might help to identify the high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Joshi
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Meenakshi Ponnana
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Ramya Sivangala
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Lakshmi Kiran Chelluri
- Department of Transplant Biology& Stem Cell, Global Hospital Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Pratibha Nallari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; LEPRA India, Blue Peter Public Health & Research Centre, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Sumanlatha Gaddam
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Joshi L, Ponnana M, Sivangala R, Chelluri LK, Nallari P, Penmetsa S, Valluri V, Gaddam S. Evaluation of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 Cytokine Production and Their Correlation with Genotype Variants amongst Tuberculosis Patients and Their Household Contacts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137727. [PMID: 26359865 PMCID: PMC4567353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household contacts of diagnostically established tuberculosis (TB) patients are highly susceptible to disease development. It is surmised that cytokines perhaps play a synergistic and a prognostic role in the activation of the otherwise latent infection in these house hold contacts. Evaluation of the cytokines and any of their inherent polymorphisms might provide a useful diagnostic tool in evaluating the immune regulation and the progression of the disease. The cytokines thus released in a paracrine manner in serum may also provide an indirect measure of the cytokine function. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to evaluate the levels of TNF-α, IL-10 & IL-6 cytokines and their correlation with genotype variants amongst tuberculosis patients and their household contacts. METHODS The cytokine levels were estimated in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and their polymorphisms were studied by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMs PCR) in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients (APTB = 150), household contacts (HHC = 190), and healthy controls (HC = 150). RESULTS The median values of TNF-α cytokine were significantly high among APTB and HHC compared to HCs (P< 0.0001 and 0.0001). IL-6 levels also were elevated among APTB compared to HHC and HC, and a significant difference was observed between APTB and HHC at P<0.0001; APTB & HC at P< 0.04; HHC & HC at P< 0.01. The IL-10 levels were low in APTB compared to HHC and HCs and no significant difference was observed. TNF-α/IL-10 ratio was significant and indicated Th1 predominance in APTB and HHC. IL-6/IL-10 showed pronounced Th1 expression in APTB and Th2 in HHC and HC. The ROC analysis indicated that both IL-10 and IL-6 can be used to decide the risk of exposed individual to a disease. The results of multivariate analysis indicate that IL-10 (-1082) GA genotype was significantly associated with p<0.028 in APTB. No significant association was observed between genotypes, other serum cytokine levels and clinical characteristics between APTB, HHC and HCs. CONCLUSION Large sample size with follow-up at different time points may further illuminate the role of IL-10 and IL-6 cytokines as a prognostic marker in house hold contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Joshi
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vijayalakshmi Valluri
- LEPRA India, Blue Peter Public Health & Research Centre, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumanlatha Gaddam
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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Alasandagutti ML, Ponnana M, Sivangala R, Thada S, Joshi L, Hussain H, Ansari SS, Valluri V, Gaddam SL. Role of IFN-γ and IL-6 Cytokines and Their Association in Determining Susceptibility to Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:804-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenakshi Ponnana
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramya Sivangala
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shruthi Thada
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lavanya Joshi
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hidayath Hussain
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Soheb Sadath Ansari
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Valluri
- LEPRA India—Blue Peter Public Health and Research Centre, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Latha Gaddam
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Benjamin R, Banerjee A, Balakrishnan K, Sivangala R, Gaddam S, Banerjee S. Mycobacterial and HIV infections up-regulated human zinc finger protein 134, a novel positive regulator of HIV-1 LTR activity and viral propagation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104908. [PMID: 25144775 PMCID: PMC4140746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent occurrence of HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) infections influence the cellular environment of the host for synergistic existence. An elementary approach to understand such coalition at the molecular level is to understand the interactions of the host and the viral factors that subsequently effect viral replication. Long terminal repeats (LTR) of HIV genome serve as a template for binding trans-acting viral and cellular factors that regulate its transcriptional activity, thereby, deciding the fate of HIV pathogenesis, making it an ideal system to explore the interplay between HIV and the host. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, using biotinylated full length HIV-1 LTR sequence as bait followed by MALDI analyses, we identified and further characterized human-Zinc-finger-protein-134 (hZNF-134) as a novel positive regulator of HIV-1 that promoted LTR-driven transcription and viral production. Over-expression of hZNF-134 promoted LTR driven luciferase activity and viral transcripts, resulting in increased virus production while siRNA mediated knockdown reduced both the viral transcripts and the viral titers, establishing hZNF-134 as a positive effector of HIV-1. HIV, Mycobacteria and HIV-TB co-infections increased hZNF-134 expressions in PBMCs, the impact being highest by mycobacteria. Corroborating these observations, primary TB patients (n = 22) recorded extraordinarily high transcript levels of hZNF-134 as compared to healthy controls (n = 16). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE With these observations, it was concluded that hZNF-134, which promoted HIV-1 LTR activity acted as a positive regulator of HIV propagation in human host. High titers of hZNF-134 transcripts in TB patients suggest that up-regulation of such positive effectors of HIV-1 upon mycobacterial infection can be yet another mechanism by which mycobacteria assists HIV-1 propagation during HIV-TB co-infections. hZNF-134, an uncharacterized host protein, thus assumes a novel regulatory role during HIV-host interactions. Our study provides new insights into the emerging role of zinc finger proteins in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Atoshi Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kannan Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramya Sivangala
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, A.C. Guards, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sumanlatha Gaddam
- Immunology Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, A.C. Guards, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Sivangala R, Ponnana M, Thada S, Joshi L, Ansari S, Hussain H, Valluri V, Gaddam S. Association of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Tuberculosis and Their Household Contacts. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:197-205. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sivangala
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre; Hyderabad India
| | - M. Ponnana
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre; Hyderabad India
| | - S. Thada
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre; Hyderabad India
| | - L. Joshi
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre; Hyderabad India
| | - S. Ansari
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre; Hyderabad India
| | - H. Hussain
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre; Hyderabad India
| | - V. Valluri
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre; Hyderabad India
- LEPRA India; Blue Peter Public Health & Research Centre; Cherlapally Hyderabad India
| | - S. Gaddam
- Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre; Hyderabad India
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Sivangala R, Ponnana M, Thada S, Joshi L, Valluri V, Gaddam S. Evaluation Of Cytokine Levels In Patients With Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Their Household Contacts-A Follow Up Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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