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Gamit M, Patel Y, Sood R, Vadera H, Savjani K, Bhatti Z. Comparison of bite force evaluation for mandibular angle fracture fixation by conventional miniplates versus new design miniplates: a clinical study. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:645-652. [PMID: 37740128 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-023-01182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate postoperative masticatory efficacy of a new design non-compression titanium miniplate compared to conventional non-compression titanium miniplate on the basis of bite force for treatment of mandibular angle fractures. METHODOLOGY The prospective study included 20 patients with mandibular angle fractures randomly categorized into 2 groups: Group I, fixation of angle fractures by conventional miniplates, and Group II, fixation of angle fractures by new design miniplates. Evaluation was done for clinical outcome, primarily bite force; radiological outcome; and associated postoperative morbidities at different time intervals. RESULTS The results showed to be highly significant in terms of mean operating time for plate adaptation and fixation and bite force adaptation (p = 0.003 at follow-up of 6 months) for the newer miniplate compared to the conventional miniplate. No statistically significant difference was seen for postoperative paresthesia, malunion, non-union, occlusal discrepancy, or hardware failure. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the study, it appears that the single, monocortical, non-compression, superior border new design miniplate proved to be a successful procedure for treating non-comminuted mandibular angle fractures specifically in terms of enhanced postoperative masticatory efficiency as compared to conventional miniplates. Further clinical studies with larger sample size can derive a more comprehensive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mruga Gamit
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Dental College and Hospital, Khokhra, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Yashesh Patel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Dental College and Hospital, Khokhra, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Ramita Sood
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Dental College and Hospital, Khokhra, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Hitesh Vadera
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Dental College and Hospital, Khokhra, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kinjal Savjani
- Department of Periodontology, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Dental College and Hospital, Khokhra, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Zenish Bhatti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Dental College and Hospital, Khokhra, Ahmedabad, India
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Hesham A, Geiger J, Alshamrani Y, Sawatari Y. Can the Mechanism of Injury Impact the Location of a Mandibular Fracture? A Systematic Review. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:363-370. [PMID: 38601229 PMCID: PMC11001800 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-022-01750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mandible fractures are the second most common fractures of the facial skeleton because of the prominent position of the lower jaw. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of mandibular fractures based on their causes and locations. Materials and Method A systematic search of 3 electronic databases from January 2010 and January 2020 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. There were 359 articles identified for screening against selection criteria. The search identified 39 articles to be included in our analysis. Results A total of 20,135 patients with 31,468 mandible fractures in this review. There was a 76% male predominance. The third decade was the most common age group (21-30). Motor vehicle accidents (39.89%) were the leading cause of mandible fractures, followed by falls (27.72%) and violence (25.35%). Condylar fractures are the most common cause of MVA and fall (33.11%, 50% respectively). Mandible body fractures are the second most common type of MVA injury (17.06%). When it came to violence, the angle of the mandible was the most common site (31.73%). Conclusions The prevalence of mandible fractures was higher in male patients in the current study, particularly in the second and third decades of life. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause, and the condylar process of the mandible was the most frequently affected region. Demographic data such as age, gender, and mechanism of injury can help surgeons predict and identify specific areas of mandibular fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Hesham
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL USA
| | - Joseph Geiger
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL USA
| | - Yousef Alshamrani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL USA
| | - Yoh Sawatari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Miami and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL USA
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Adik K, Lamb P, Moran M, Childs D, Francis A, Vinyard CJ. Trends in mandibular fractures in the USA: A 20-year retrospective analysis. Dent Traumatol 2023; 39:425-436. [PMID: 37291803 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The mandible is one of the most fractured bones in the maxillofacial region. This study analyzes trends in mandibular fracture patterns, demographics, and mechanisms since the early 2000s. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mandibular fractures were reviewed from the 2007, 2011, and 2017 National Trauma Data Bank including 13,142, 17,057, and 20,391 patients by year, respectively. This database contains hundreds of thousands of patients annually and represents the largest trauma registry in the United States. Variables included number of fractures, sex, age, injury mechanism, and fracture location. Mechanism of injury included assault, motor vehicle crash, fall, motorcycle, bicycle, pedestrian, and firearm. Anatomic locations based on ICD-9/10 codes included symphysis, ramus, condyle, condylar process, body, angle, and coronoid process. Frequencies were compared using Chi-square tests of homogeneity with effect sizes estimated using Cramer's V. RESULTS Mandibular fractures represent 2%-2.5% of all traumas reported in the database from 2001 to 2017. The proportion of patients sustaining a single reported mandibular fracture decreased from 82% in 2007 to 63% in 2017. Males consistently experienced 78%-80% of fractures. Eighteen to 54-year-olds experienced the largest percentages of fractures throughout the 21st century, while median age of fracture shifted from 28 to 32 between 2007 and 2017. The most common fracture mechanisms were assault (42% [2001-2005]-37% [2017]), motor vehicle crash (31%-22%) followed by falls (15%-20%). From 2001-2005 to 2017, a decrease was observed in assaults (-5%) and motor vehicle crash (-9%) and an increase in falls (+5%), particularly among elderly females. The mandibular body, condyle, angle, and symphysis represent approximately two-thirds of all fractures without a consistent temporal trend among them. CONCLUSIONS The temporal trends observed can be linked to shifting age demographics nationally that may aid clinicians in diagnosis and inform public safety policies aimed at reducing these injuries, particularly among the growing elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Adik
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick Lamb
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Summa Health, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary Moran
- Department of Trauma, Summa Health, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Dylan Childs
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Summa Health, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashish Francis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Summa Health, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Christopher J Vinyard
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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Mashalkar NS, Shetty N, Ellur S. Descriptive and Surgical Analysis of 196 Cases of Traumatic Maxillofacial Fractures: An experience of 6 years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECENT SURGICAL AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims To analyze the etiology, anatomical pattern, and management of upper, midface, and lower face fractures pertaining to our demography and compare our results with other regions and worldwide.
Materials and methods A 6-year retrospective record analysis from 2013 to 2018 of eligible patients' data was recorded with a prepared proforma. Demographic parameters including age, sex, etiology, anatomical site, closed or open, displaced or un displaced fracture, type of treatment, associated with head injury, and implants used were evaluated.Inclusion criteria were all patients with facial bone fractures irrespective of age and gender.Exclusion criteria were patients with pure soft tissue injury of the face and with facial burns.
Results Most were involved with multiple facial bone fractures. Out of 196, 72 patients (pts) had involvement of mandible fractures, 79 had involvement of the maxilla, 65 zygoma, 68 nasal bone, 42 orbital wall, 21 frontal bone with processes, and 7 NOE involvement. The most frequent etiologic factor was detected to be road traffic accidents (RTA; 162 ,83%), due to falling (24, 12%), and assault (10, 5%).In total, 173 were male (88%) and the rest 23 were female (12%). The mean age was found to be 29 years. Twelve patients (6.1%) were less than 14 years of age. Most RTAs had occurred in young adults from 16 to 30 years of age group. We analyzed individual bone fracture involvement and compared it with other geographical locations.
Conclusions Most facial fractures are combined involving multiple bones in young adults with RTA as the most common etiology. There was a balance seen in managing the facial fractures between conservative and operative methods. These data provide us the information in evaluation of the preventive measures to be taken and give the direction of focusing the clinical and research priority in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra S. Mashalkar
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naren Shetty
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunderraj Ellur
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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XAVIER JMA, FIRMINO RT, PEREIRA IF, XAVIER MA, COSTA MCFD, SOARES RDSC, RIBEIRO AIAM. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a study in tertiary dental care. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:025. [PMID: 37018807 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by coronavirus has resonated throughout different levels of health care in Brazil and, in this context, the present research aimed to evaluate this impact on tertiary dental care provided by the Unified Health System (SUS). Therefore, an ecological study was conducted with data obtained from the Hospital Information System processed by the Portal of the Department of Informatics of SUS. The sample consisted of patients of all sexes and age groups, whose Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIHs) were approved for dental tertiary care procedures from January 2015 to December 2020. Descriptive analyses and the ANOVA test with a significance level set at p < 0.05 were used. When the annual mean numbers of AIHs approved were evaluated, findings showed that on an average, the Southeast region authorized a higher number of procedures (p-value < 0.001), however, in the pandemic year (2020), a reduction of approximately 24.5% of these hospitalizations occurred throughout Brazil, with the Midwest being the region most affected (32.12%). A percentage increase occurred in the Surgical Treatment of Oral sinus/Oral nasal Fistula (16.1%), in addition to a significant decrease in performing procedures for Resection of Mouth Lesion (33.4%). In the pandemic year, there was a reduction of 14% in expenditures related to hospital services and 23.26% related to professional services. It was concluded that the data presented demonstrated a significant reduction in AIHs for tertiary dental care in the pandemic year.
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Patterns of Mandibular Fractures in South Australia: Epidemiology, Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:1018-1022. [PMID: 34560730 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mandible is one of the most common facial bones to be injured with great clinical variability across countries caused by assaults, road traffic accidents, and falls. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted for adult mandibular fractures from January 2012 to January 2017 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide. Our aim was to describe epidemiological trends of mandibular fractures, differences for sex and age, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Five hundred sixty five adult patients presented with a mandibular fracture with a male predominance (4.5:1). The mean age was 34.2 years with men 11.9 years younger than females (32.0 versus 44.1 years, P < 0.001). Assaults represented 58.2% of cases. A quarter of the cohort reported alcohol use. Assaults commonly resulted in angle and symphyseal fractures, whereas almost all falls and road traffic accident resulted in condylar or coronoid fractures. Young men were 1.9 times more likely to have mandibular fractures compared to women, whereas elderly men were 11.8% less likely (P < 0.001). The most common fracture was the angle (33.6%) and the angle/symphyseal (14.2%). Men were 2.5 times more likely to have surgery. The complication rate was 10.8% and the re-operative rate was 5.0%. Women had a significantly longer admission of 1.6 days compared to men (4.4 versus 2.8 days, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Young men are more likely to have mandibular fractures from assaults and have surgery. Young women and elderly females are more likely to have animal and fall-related injuries resulting including in condylar fractures with associated injuries and extended length of stay.
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Xu TQ, Wiegmann AL, Jarazcewski TJ, Ritz EM, Santos CAQ, Dorafshar AH. Patient Race and Insurance Status Do Not Impact the Treatment of Simple Mandibular Fractures. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2020; 13:15-22. [PMID: 32642027 PMCID: PMC7311844 DOI: 10.1177/1943387520905399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-care disparities have been reported throughout medical literature for decades. While blatant explicit bias is not prevalent, a substantial body of research has been published suggesting that systemic biases related to sex, race, income, and insurance status likely exist. To our knowledge, no study has assessed the impact of patient race and insurance status on clinical decision-making in facial fracture repair in the United States. Thus, the objective of this project was to assess if race and insurance status impacted whether patients obtained open or closed treatment of simple mandibular fractures. METHODS Patients who had either open or closed treatment of mandibular fractures were extracted from the 2012 and 2013 National Inpatient Sample and analyzed. Patients who had a length of stay longer than 3 days or died during their inpatient stay were excluded. These exclusion criteria were used to control for patients with polytrauma as well as complicated fractures. Univariate analysis was undertaken to elucidate different variable associations with the type of reduction performed. All covariates were then entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to test the variables simultaneously. RESULTS Patients with simple condylar, alveolar border, and closed mandibular fractures were more likely to undergo closed reduction (CR) on univariate analysis, as were patients with female gender and a fall mechanism (P value < .05). African Americans, Hispanics, and patients without insurance were more likely to undergo open reduction on univariate analysis (P value < .05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patients with simple condylar, subcondylar, alveolar border, or closed mandibular fractures were more likely to undergo a CR, as were patients with female gender and a firearm or fall mechanism (P < .05). However, neither race nor insurance status demonstrated a statistically significant association with closed or open reduction. CONCLUSION Anatomic location and mechanism of injury were the variables found to be significantly associated with patients undergoing open reduction versus CR of simple mandibular fractures-not race or insurance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Q. Xu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron L. Wiegmann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor J. Jarazcewski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan M. Ritz
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core at Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos A. Q. Santos
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core at Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amir H. Dorafshar
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nardi C, Vignoli C, Pietragalla M, Tonelli P, Calistri L, Franchi L, Preda L, Colagrande S. Imaging of mandibular fractures: a pictorial review. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:30. [PMID: 32076873 PMCID: PMC7031477 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular fractures are among the most common maxillofacial fractures observed in emergency rooms and are mainly caused by road accidents. The clinical features of mandibular fractures include malocclusion and loss of mandibular function. Panoramic radiography is usually limited to isolated lesions, whereas computed tomography is the tool of choice for all other facial traumatic events. No reference standard classification system for the different types of mandibular fractures is defined. Therapeutic options include a conservative approach or surgical treatment based on the anatomic area and the severity of fracture. The main purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate a practical description of the pathophysiology of mandibular fractures and describe both the imaging techniques to recognise them and the therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Nardi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Vignoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Pietragalla
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolina Tonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Linda Calistri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Via del Ponte di Mezzo, 46-48, 50127, Florence, Italy.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Lorenzo Preda
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Alessandro Brambilla, 74, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,Diagnostic Imaging Unit, National Centre of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Colagrande
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Radiodiagnostic Unit n. 2, University of Florence-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Buron C, Mounier C, Guiavarc'h C, Lansonneur C, Conan M, Bouillon K, Le Toux G. Management of jaw fractures in oral surgery in public and private practice: a retrospective study from 2006 to 2017. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2019035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To date, no epidemiological studies on jaw fracture have examined its characteristics according to hospital status (public vs private). The aim of this study was to examine their differences in terms of patient- and injury-related variables. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using patients' medical records in 2 types of hospital located in the northern area of Brittany (France). All patients hospitalized for jaw fracture between 2006 and 2017 were eligible. Comparisons between centres according to age, gender, anatomic location of fracture, mechanism of injury, and length of stay were undertaken using χ2, Fisher exact test, t-test, and Cochrane-Armitage trend test. Results: A total of 142 patients were included: 45.1% in the public and 54.9% in the private hospitals. Of them, 84.5% were men and the mean age was 32.0. Main causes of fractures were assault (56.3%), fall (30.3%) and road traffic accident (10%). A small number of patients had polytrauma (4.2%). The mean duration of stay was less than 2 days. Compared to patients who were admitted in private hospital, those who were likely to be admitted in public hospital were those: who had a jaw fracture in context of road traffic accident (18.8% vs 2.6%), with polytrauma (9.4% vs 0.0%) and maxilla fracture (9.4% vs 1.3%), and who had a longer stay (2.2 vs 1.1 days). Conclusion: This study showed that differences observed in characteristics of jaw fractures between public and private hospitals may be due to recruitment process: more severely affected patients are likely to be admitted in the public hospital.
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Samman M, Ahmed SW, Beshir H, Almohammadi T, Patil SR. Incidence and Pattern of Mandible Fractures in the Madinah Region: A Retrospective Study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2018; 9:59-64. [PMID: 29456395 PMCID: PMC5812076 DOI: 10.4103/jnsbm.jnsbm_60_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of the study is to study the incidence and pattern of mandible fractures in the holy city of Madinah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a retrospective period of 3 years from 2013 (1434H) to 2016 (1436H) and to compare the results with those from other regions of Saudi Arabia and elsewhere. Materials and Methods Relevant data of patients admitted to the King Fahad Hospital, Madinah with a fracture of the mandible during the study were collected from their medical records and radiographs. The age, gender, etiology, role of the patient, site, and number of fractures in the patients were evaluated. The data were analyzed by standard statistical methods. Results A total of 197 patients with fracture of the mandible were admitted in the period of the study by the Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah. There were 165 male and 32 female patients. The ages ranged from 3 to 86 years with a mean of 24 years. A total of 260 fractures of Mandible were documented. The largest number (113) of patients was found in the age group between 16 and 30 years. Trauma caused by motor vehicle road traffic accidents (RTAs) was the main etiology of the fractures followed by falls and assault. The majority of the patients were in the role of vehicle drivers. The condylar anatomical site of mandible was most frequently affected and constituted the largest number (103) of fractures followed by the angle (51), parasymphysis (45), and then by the body (23) of the mandible. Dentoalveolar fractures were present in 22 cases. Very less number of coronoid fractures (7), followed by those of the ramus (5), and least number at the symphysis (4) of the mandible were found. Conclusion RTA was the most common etiology for trauma and fracture of the mandible. The males outnumbered the female patients, the largest number of patients with trauma and mandible fracture was found in the age group between 16 and 30 years and frequency of condylar fractures was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Samman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Waheed Ahmed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Beshir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Almohammadi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Santosh R Patil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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