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Yoon DE, Lee H, Kim K. Recent Research Trends in Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas-Based Genome Editing Methods. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:1-14. [PMID: 37904281 PMCID: PMC10899885 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, a rapidly advancing genome editing technology, allows DNA alterations into the genome of organisms. Gene editing using the CRISPR system enables more precise and diverse editing, such as single nucleotide conversion, precise knock-in of target sequences or genes, chromosomal rearrangement, or gene disruption by simple cutting. Moreover, CRISPR systems comprising transcriptional activators/repressors can be used for epigenetic regulation without DNA damage. Stem cell DNA engineering based on gene editing tools has enormous potential to provide clues regarding the pathogenesis of diseases and to study the mechanisms and treatments of incurable diseases. Here, we review the latest trends in stem cell research using various CRISPR/Cas technologies and discuss their future prospects in treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Luo Y, Chen Y, Ge L, Zhou G, Chen Y, Zhu D. Competing endogenous RNA network analysis of Turner syndrome patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes reveals dysregulation of autosomal heart development genes by altered dosages of X-inactivation escaping non-coding RNAs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:376. [PMID: 38124119 PMCID: PMC10734062 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 45,X monosomy (Turner syndrome, TS) is the only chromosome haploinsufficiency compatible with life. Nevertheless, the surviving TS patients still suffer from increased morbidity and mortality, with around one-third of them subjecting to heart abnormalities. How loss of one X chromosome drive these conditions remains largely unknown. METHODS Here, we have generated cardiomyocytes (CMs) from wild-type and TS patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells and profiled the mRNA, lncRNA and circRNA expression in these cells. RESULTS We observed lower beating frequencies and higher mitochondrial DNA copies per nucleus in TS-CMs. Moreover, we have identified a global transcriptome dysregulation of both coding and non-coding RNAs in TS-CMs. The differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched of heart development genes. Further competing endogenous RNA network analysis revealed putative regulatory circuit of autosomal genes relevant with mitochondrial respiratory chain and heart development, such as COQ10A, RARB and WNT2, mediated by X-inactivation escaping lnc/circRNAs, such as lnc-KDM5C-4:1, hsa_circ_0090421 and hsa_circ_0090392. The aberrant expressions of these genes in TS-CMs were verified by qPCR. Further knockdown of lnc-KDM5C-4:1 in wild-type CMs exhibited significantly reduced beating frequencies. CONCLUSIONS Our study has revealed a genomewide ripple effect of X chromosome halpoinsufficiency at post-transcriptional level and provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying heart abnormalities in TS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Biologics Test and Evaluation Center, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Yapei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lingxia Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yaoyong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Detu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
- Biologics Test and Evaluation Center, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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3
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Alinejad T, Modarressi S, Sadri Z, Hao Z, Chen CS. Diagnostic applications and therapeutic option of Cascade CRISPR/Cas in the modulation of miRNA in diverse cancers: promises and obstacles. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:9557-9575. [PMID: 37222810 PMCID: PMC10423114 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas technology is a molecular tool specific to sequences for engineering genomes. Among diverse clusters of Cas proteins, the class 2/type II CRISPR/Cas9 system, despite several challenges, such as off-target effects, editing efficiency, and efficient delivery, has shown great promise for driver gene mutation discovery, high-throughput gene screening, epigenetic modulation, nucleic acid detection, disease modeling, and more importantly for therapeutic purposes. CRISPR-based clinical and experimental methods have applications across a wide range of areas, especially for cancer research and, possibly, anticancer therapy. On the other hand, given the influential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulations of cellular division, carcinogenicity, tumorigenesis, migration/invasion, and angiogenesis in diverse normal and pathogenic cellular processes, in different stages of cancer, miRNAs are either oncogenes or tumor suppressors, according to what type of cancer they are involved in. Hence, these noncoding RNA molecules are conceivable biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Moreover, they are suggested to be adequate predictors for cancer prediction. Conclusive evidence proves that CRISPR/Cas system can be applied to target small non-coding RNAs. However, the majority of studies have highlighted the application of the CRISPR/Cas system for targeting protein-coding regions. In this review, we specifically discuss diverse applications of CRISPR-based tools for probing miRNA gene function and miRNA-based therapeutic involvement in different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Alinejad
- The Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Shabnam Modarressi
- Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C. Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zahra Sadri
- The Department of Biological Science, Molecular and Cell Biology, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences Southern Methodist University (SMU), Dallas, TX USA
| | - Zuo Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Shui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, South Baixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325015 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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4
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Hussen BM, Rasul MF, Abdullah SR, Hidayat HJ, Faraj GSH, Ali FA, Salihi A, Baniahmad A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Rahman M, Glassy MC, Branicki W, Taheri M. Targeting miRNA by CRISPR/Cas in cancer: advantages and challenges. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:32. [PMID: 37460924 PMCID: PMC10351202 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has changed biomedical research and provided entirely new models to analyze every aspect of biomedical sciences during the last decade. In the study of cancer, the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system opens new avenues into issues that were once unknown in our knowledge of the noncoding genome, tumor heterogeneity, and precision medicines. CRISPR/Cas-based gene-editing technology now allows for the precise and permanent targeting of mutations and provides an opportunity to target small non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the development of effective and safe cancer gene editing therapy is highly dependent on proper design to be innocuous to normal cells and prevent introducing other abnormalities. This study aims to highlight the cutting-edge approaches in cancer-gene editing therapy based on the CRISPR/Cas technology to target miRNAs in cancer therapy. Furthermore, we highlight the potential challenges in CRISPR/Cas-mediated miRNA gene editing and offer advanced strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001 Iraq
| | - Fattma Abodi Ali
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region 44001 Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, 44001 Iraq
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 374-37515 Iran
| | - Milladur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Section for Surgery, Lund University, 22100 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mark C. Glassy
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 94720 USA
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 374-37515 Iran
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5
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Luo Y, Zhu D, Fang JH. Editorial: Gene regulation mediated by competing RNA: From benchside to bedside. Front Genet 2022; 13:1085155. [PMID: 36506324 PMCID: PMC9727387 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1085155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China,Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yumei Luo, ; Detu Zhu,
| | - Detu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Yumei Luo, ; Detu Zhu,
| | - Jian-Hong Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Chen H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zuo Y, Xie Z, Zhou G, Chen S, Chen Y. Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Models for Investigating microRNA Regulation in Developmental Processes. Front Genet 2022; 13:899831. [PMID: 35719367 PMCID: PMC9204592 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.899831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) techniques have opened up new perspectives in research on developmental biology. Compared with other sources of human cellular models, iPSCs present a great advantage in hosting the unique genotype background of donors without ethical concerns. A wide spectrum of cellular and organoid models can be generated from iPSCs under appropriate in vitro conditions. The pluripotency of iPSCs is orchestrated by external signalling and regulated at the epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Recent decades have witnessed the progress of studying tissue-specific expressions and functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) using iPSC-derived models. MiRNAs are a class of short non-coding RNAs with regulatory functions in various biological processes during development, including cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis. MiRNAs are key modulators of gene expression and promising candidates for biomarker in development; hence, research on the regulation of human development by miRNAs is expanding. In this review, we summarize the current progress in the application of iPSC-derived models to studies of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mimi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yapei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yabo Zuo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shehong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Drobna-Śledzińska M, Maćkowska-Maślak N, Jaksik R, Dąbek P, Witt M, Dawidowska M. CRISPRi for specific inhibition of miRNA clusters and miRNAs with high sequence homology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6297. [PMID: 35428787 PMCID: PMC9012752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs form a class of noncoding RNAs, involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, broadly studied for their involvement in physiological and pathological context. Inhibition of mature miRNA transcripts, commonly used in miRNA loss-of-function experiments, may not be specific in case of miRNAs with high sequence homology, e.g. miRNAs from the same seed family. Phenotypic effects of miRNA repression might be biased by the repression of highly similar miRNAs. Another challenge is simultaneous inhibition of multiple miRNAs encoded within policistronic clusters, potentially co-regulating common biological processes. To elucidate roles of miRNA clusters and miRNAs with high sequence homology, it is of key importance to selectively repress only the miRNAs of interest. Targeting miRNAs on genomic level with CRISPR/dCas9-based methods is an attractive alternative to blocking mature miRNAs. Yet, so far no clear guidelines on the design of CRISPR inhibition (CRISPRi) experiments, specifically for miRNA repression, have been proposed. To address this need, here we propose a strategy for effective inhibition of miRNAs and miRNA clusters using CRISPRi. We provide clues on how to approach the challenges in using CRISPR/dCas in miRNA studies, which include prediction of miRNA transcription start sites (TSSs) and the design of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). The strategy implements three TSS prediction online tools, dedicated specifically for miRNAs: miRStart, FANTOM 5 miRNA atlas, DIANA-miRGen, and CRISPOR tool for sgRNAs design; it includes testing and selection of optimal sgRNAs. We demonstrate that compared to siRNA/shRNA-based miRNA silencing, CRISPRi improves the repression specificity for miRNAs with highly similar sequence and contribute to higher uniformity of the effects of silencing the whole miRNA clusters. This strategy may be adapted for CRISPR-mediated activation (CRISPRa) of miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Drobna-Śledzińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Natalia Maćkowska-Maślak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Roman Jaksik
- Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paulina Dąbek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Witt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dawidowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznań, Poland.
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8
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Wang P, Gong S, Liao B, Pan J, Wang J, Zou D, Zhao L, Xiong S, Deng Y, Yan Q, Wu N. HIF1α/HIF2α induces glioma cell dedifferentiation into cancer stem cells through Sox2 under hypoxic conditions. J Cancer 2022; 13:1-14. [PMID: 34976166 PMCID: PMC8692689 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our previous study showed that glioma stem-like cells could be induced to undergo dedifferentiation under hypoxic conditions, but the mechanism requires further study. HIF1α and HIF2α are the main molecules involved in the response to hypoxia, and Sox2, as a retroelement, plays an important role in the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells, especially in hypoxic microenvironments. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to verify whether HIF1α, HIF2α and Sox2 regulated glioma cell dedifferentiation under hypoxic conditions. Materials and methods: Sphere formation by single glioma cells was observed, and CD133 and CD15 expression was compared between the normoxic and hypoxic groups. HIF1α, HIF2α, and Sox2 expression was detected using the CGGA database, and the correlation among HIF1α, HIF2α and Sox2 levels was analyzed. We knocked out HIF1α, HIF2α and Sox2 in glioma cells and cultured them under hypoxic conditions to detect CD133 and CD15 expression. The above cells were implanted into mouse brains to analyze tumor volume and survival time. Results: New spheres were formed from single glioma cells in 1% O2, but no spheres were formed in 21% O2. The cells cultured in 1% O2 highly expressed CD133 and CD15 and had a lower apoptosis rate. The CGGA database showed HIF1α and HIF2α expression in glioma. Knocking out HIF1α or HIF2α led to a decrease in CD133 and CD15 expression and inhibited sphere formation under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, tumor volume and weight decreased after HIF1α or HIF2α knockout with the same temozolomide treatment. Sox2 was also highly expressed in glioma, and there was a positive correlation between the HIF1α/HIF2α and Sox2 expression levels. Sox2 was expressed at lower levels after HIF1α or HIF2α was knocked out. Then, Sox2 was knocked out, and we found that CD133 and CD15 expression was decreased. Moreover, a lower sphere formation rate, higher apoptosis rate, lower tumor formation rate and longer survival time after temozolomide treatment were detected in the Sox2 knockout cells. Conclusion: In a hypoxic microenvironment, the HIF1α/HIF2α-Sox2 network induced the formation of glioma stem cells through the dedifferentiation of differentiated glioma cells, thus promoting glioma cell chemoresistance. This study demonstrates that both HIF1α and HIF2α, as genes upstream of Sox2, regulate the malignant progression of glioma through dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Sheng Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jinyu Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Dewei Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Shuanglong Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China Correspondence: Dr. Nan Wu, mailing address: No. 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, P. R. China. Tel. and E-mail:
| | - Yangmin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
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9
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Luo Y, Zhang M, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhu D. Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cellular and Organoid Models for COVID-19 Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720099. [PMID: 34552930 PMCID: PMC8450444 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid international spread has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics, which is a global public health crisis. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish biological models to study the pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which not only involves respiratory failure, but also includes dysregulation of other organs and systems, including the brain, heart, liver, intestines, pancreas, kidneys, eyes, and so on. Cellular and organoid models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ideal tools for in vitro simulation of viral life cycles and drug screening to prevent the reemergence of coronavirus. These iPSC-derived models could recapitulate the functions and physiology of various human cell types and assemble the complex microenvironments similar with those in the human organs; therefore, they can improve the study efficiency of viral infection mechanisms, mimic the natural host-virus interaction, and be suited for long-term experiments. In this review, we focus on the application of in vitro iPSC-derived cellular and organoid models in COVID-19 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mimi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yapei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Detu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Li Y, Zhou LQ. dCas9 techniques for transcriptional repression in mammalian cells: Progress, applications and challenges. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100086. [PMID: 34327721 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Innovative loss-of-function techniques developed in recent years have made it much easier to target specific genomic loci at transcriptional levels. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has been proven to be the most effective and specific tool to knock down any gene of interest in mammalian cells. The catalytically deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) can be fused with transcription repressors to downregulate gene expression specified by sgRNA complementary to target genomic sequence. Although CRISPRi has huge potential for gene knockdown, there is still a lack of systematic guidelines for efficient and widespread use. Here we describe the working mechanism and development of CRISPRi, designing principles of sgRNA, delivery methods and applications in mammalian cells in detail. Finally, we propose possible solutions and future directions with regard to current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Quan Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lee J, Bayarsaikhan D, Bayarsaikhan G, Kim JS, Schwarzbach E, Lee B. Recent advances in genome editing of stem cells for drug discovery and therapeutic application. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Huang W, Hu H, Zhang Q, Wu X, Wei F, Yang F, Gan L, Wang N, Yang X, Guo AY. Regulatory networks in mechanotransduction reveal key genes in promoting cancer cell stemness and proliferation. Oncogene 2019; 38:6818-6834. [PMID: 31406247 PMCID: PMC6988105 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs) are cancer stem cell (CSC)-like cells with highly tumorigenic and self-renewing abilities, which were selected from tumor cells in soft three-dimensional (3D) fibrin gels with unidentified mechanisms. Here we evaluated the transcriptome alteration during TRCs generation in 3D culture and revealed that a variety of molecules related with integrin/membrane and stemness were continuously altered by mechanical environment. Some key regulators such as MYC/STAT3/hsa-miR-199a-5p, were changed in the TRCs generation. They regulated membrane genes and the downstream mechanotransduction pathways such as Hippo/WNT/TGF-β/PI3K-AKT pathways, thus further affecting the expression of downstream cancer-related genes. By integrating networks for membrane proteins, the WNT pathway and cancer-related genes, we identified key molecules in the selection of TRCs, such as ATF4, SLC3A2, CCT3, and hsa-miR-199a-5p. Silencing ATF4 or CCT3 inhibited the selection and growth of TRCs whereas reduction of SLC3A2 or hsa-miR-199a-5p promoted TRCs growth. Further studies showed that CCT3 promoted cell proliferation and stemness in vitro, while its suppression inhibited TRCs-induced tumor formation. We also contemplated CCT3 as a stemness-related gene. Our findings provide insights in the mechanism of TRCs selection through transcriptome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
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Huang H, Liu H, Zhou H, Liang Z, Song D, Zhang Y, Huang W, Zhao X, Wu B, Ye G, Huang Y. Drug-release system of microchannel transport used in minimally invasive surgery for hemostasis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:881-896. [PMID: 30880920 PMCID: PMC6420104 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Sucrose allyl ether (SAE) containing hemostatic drugs and a photoinitiator was established to treat mild postpartum hemorrhage or long-term continuous abnormal uterine bleeding in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) using a photopolymerization method. Methods and results Real-time infrared spectroscopy and rheological experiments showed that the SAE monomer with shear-thinning characteristics could polymerize rapidly into a transparent membrane. Cytotoxicity experiments in vitro showed that this system could elicit a long-term hemostatic effect. Tissue adhesion was also evaluated. The photo-stability of four delivered antifibrinolytic drugs (6-aminocaproic acid, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, tranexamic acid and p-(aminomethyl) benzoic acid) was tested by ultraviolet-photolysis experiments and illustrated by time-dependent density functional theory. Sustained-release experiments revealed that the formed film could be used as a drug carrier. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics were done to investigate the binding mechanism between hemostatic drugs as ligands and the human plasminogen kringle-1 (1HPK) as a target. Conclusion It has been suggested that SAE with tranexamic acid could be a drug-release system of microchannel transport used in MIS. This system could tackle the dilemma of fluidity and adhesion in MIS. The photo-stable tranexamic acid was the most suitable drug according to its satisfactory binding energy, good photo-stability, and sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Houhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
| | - Hua Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Zhiling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
| | - Dandan Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
| | - Guodong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
| | - Yugang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China, ;
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Regional methylome profiling reveals dynamic epigenetic heterogeneity and convergent hypomethylation of stem cell quiescence-associated genes in breast cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:16. [PMID: 30774927 PMCID: PMC6367786 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) induces a pathological complete response (pCR) in ~ 30% of patients with breast cancer. However, aberrant DNA methylation alterations are frequent events during breast cancer progression and acquisition of chemoresistance. We aimed to characterize the inter- and intra-tumor methylation heterogeneity (MH) in breast cancer following NAC. Methods DNA methylation profiles of spatially separated regions of breast tumors before and after NAC treatment were investigated using high-density methylation microarray. Methylation levels of genes of interest were further examined using multiplexed MethyLight droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results We have discovered different levels of intra-tumor MH in breast cancer patients. Moreover, NAC dramatically altered the methylation profiles and such changes were highly heterogeneous between the patients. Despite the high inter-patient heterogeneity, we identified that stem cell quiescence-associated genes ALDH1L1, HOPX, WNT5A and SOX9 were convergently hypomethylated across all the samples after NAC treatment. Furthermore, by using MethyLight ddPCR, we verified that the methylation levels of these 4 genes were significantly lower in breast tumor samples after NAC than those before NAC. Conclusions Our study has revealed that NAC dramatically alters epigenetic heterogeneity in breast cancer and induces convergent hypomethylation of stem cell quiescence-associated genes, ALDH1L1, HOPX, WNT5A and SOX9, which can potentially be developed as therapeutic targets or biomarkers for chemoresistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13578-019-0278-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lau RW, Wang B, Ricardo SD. Gene editing of stem cells for kidney disease modelling and therapeutic intervention. Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 23:981-990. [PMID: 29851168 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in targeted gene editing have paved the way for the wide adoption of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein-9 nucleases (Cas9) as an RNA-guided molecular tool to modify the genome of eukaryotic cells of animals. Theoretically, the translation of CRISPR-Cas9 can be applied to the treatment of inherited or acquired kidney disease, kidney transplantation and genetic corrections of somatic cells from kidneys with inherited mutations, such as polycystic kidney disease. Human pluripotent stem cells have been used to generate an unlimited source of kidney progenitor cells or, when spontaneously differentiated into three-dimensional kidney organoids, to model kidney organogenesis or the pathogenesis of disease. Gene editing now allows for the tagging and selection of specific kidney cell types or disease-specific gene knock in/out, which enables more precise understanding of kidney organogenesis and genetic diseases. This review discusses the mechanisms of action, in addition to the advantages and disadvantages, of the three major gene editing technologies, namely, CRISPR-Cas9, zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases. The implications of using gene editing to better understand kidney disease is reviewed in detail. In addition, the ethical issues of gene editing, which could be easily neglected in the modern, fast-paced research environment, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Wk Lau
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pittenger ST, Schaal VL, Moore D, Guda RS, Koul S, Yelamanchili SV, Bevins RA, Pendyala G. MicroRNA cluster miR199a/214 are differentially expressed in female and male rats following nicotine self-administration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17464. [PMID: 30504847 PMCID: PMC6269448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has established sex differences associated with nicotine intake, however a significant gap in knowledge remains regarding the molecular mechanisms that govern these differences at the transcriptional level. One critical regulator of transcription are microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a family of non-coding RNAs that regulate an array of important biological functions altered in several disease states, including neuroadaptive changes within the brain associated with drug dependence. We examined the prefrontal cortex (PFC) from male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following self-administration (22 days) of nicotine or yoked saline controls using next generation RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology and found an array of miRNAs to be significantly and differentially regulated by nicotine self-administration. Of these, we found the expression of miR-199a and 214, which are expressed on the same cluster of chromosome 1, to be upregulated in the female rats exposed to nicotine; upregulation in this group was further validated by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Bioinformatics analysis to assess common targets of miR-199/214 identified Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)- dependent deacetylase that plays a role in apoptosis, neuron survival, and stress resistance. Using western-blot, we confirmed downregulation of SIRT1 and increased cleaved caspase 3 expression in the brains of nicotine-exposed female rats and no change in expression levels in the other groups. Collectively, our findings highlight a miR-199/214 regulatory network that, through SIRT1, may be associated with nicotine seeking in females which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for sex-specific treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Pittenger
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Victoria L Schaal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dalia Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rahul S Guda
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sneh Koul
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sowmya V Yelamanchili
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rick A Bevins
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
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Hollywood JA, Sanz DJ, Davidson AJ, Harrison PT. Gene Editing of Stem Cells to Model and Treat Disease. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ross K. Towards topical microRNA-directed therapy for epidermal disorders. J Control Release 2017; 269:136-147. [PMID: 29133119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet dermatological need for innovative topical agents that achieve better longterm outcomes with fewer side effects. Modulation of the expression and activity of microRNA (miRNAs) represents an emerging translational framework for the development of such innovative therapies because changes in the expression of one miRNA can have wide-ranging effects on diverse cellular processes associated with disease. In this short review, the roles of miRNA in epidermal development, psoriasis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and re-epithelisation are highlighted. Consideration is given to the delivery of oligonucleotides that mimic or inhibit miRNA function using vehicles such as cell penetrating peptides, spherical nucleic acids, deformable liposomes and liquid crystalline nanodispersions. Formulation of miRNA-directed oligonucleotides with such skin-penetrating epidermal agents will drive the development of RNA-based cutaneous therapeutics for deployment as primary or adjuvant therapies for epidermal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gao F, Han S, Cheah KS, Tse HF, Lian Q. CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System in Human Stem Cells: Current Status and Future Prospects. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:230-241. [PMID: 29246302 PMCID: PMC5651489 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-editing involves the insertion, deletion, or replacement of DNA in the genome of a living organism using “molecular scissors.” Traditional genome editing with engineered nucleases for human stem cells is limited by its low efficiency, high cost, and poor specificity. The CRISPR system has recently emerged as a powerful gene manipulation technique with advantages of high editing efficiency and low cost. Although this technique offers huge potential for gene manipulation in various organisms ranging from prokaryotes to higher mammals, there remain many challenges in human stem cell research. In this review, we highlight the basic biology and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in current human stem cell research, discuss its advantages and challenges, and debate the future prospects for human stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn S Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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