1
|
Zhou L, Wu Y, Ying Y, Ding Y. Current knowledge of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111176. [PMID: 38636767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies are the hot-spot issues in treating patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Mounting studies have proved that triggering ferroptosis is one of the promising targets for OSCC management. In this study, we performed a first attempt to collect the current evidence on the proposed roles of ferroptosis in OSCC through a comprehensive review. Based on clinical data from the relevant studies within this topic, we found that ferroptosis-associated tumor microenvironment, ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), and ferroptosis-related lncRNAs exhibited a potent prognostic value for OSCC patients. Mechanistically, experimental data revealed that the proliferation and tumorigenesis of OSCC might be associated with the inhibition of cellular ferroptosis through the activation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1), suppression of glutathione (GSH) and Period 1 (PER1) expression, and modulation of specific non-coding RNAs (i.e., miR-520d-5p, miR-34c-3p, and miR-125b-5p) and their targeted proteins. Several specific interventions (i.e., Quisinostat, Carnosic acid, hyperbaric oxygen, melatonin, aqueous-soluble sporoderm-removed G. lucidum spore powder, and disulfiram/copper complex) were found to dramatically induce ferroptosis cell death of OSCC via multiple mechanisms. This review highlighted the pivotal role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and prognosis of OSCC. Future anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis and its associated molecules might provide a new insight for OSCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Youjun Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yukang Ying
- Department of Stomatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), 318000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nilsson L, Khazaei S, Tryggvadottir H, Björner S, Bressan A, Jirström K, Adrian G, Falck AK, Borgquist S, Isaksson K, Jernström H. Pre- and Postoperative Antioxidant Use, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation and Clinical Outcome in Different Treatment Groups of Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2024; 24:e152-e166.e9. [PMID: 38307727 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients often use antioxidants that may interact with adjuvant treatments. The purpose was to investigate pre- and postoperative antioxidant use in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in different breast cancer treatment groups. METHODS AND PATIENTS Pre- and postoperative antioxidant (vitamin A, C, E, carotenoids, or Q10) or multivitamin use was self-reported by patients from Lund (n = 1855) and Helsingborg (n=478), Sweden. Patients were followed for up to 15 years. Clinical data were obtained from patient charts. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was evaluated in tumor tissue arrays from 915 patients from Lund and with Western blot in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS About 10% of patients used antioxidants. Nuclear AhR (AhRnuc) positivity was twice as common in preoperative antioxidant users compared to non-users. In mechanistic studies vitamin C increased AhR levels and its downstream target CYP1B1, indicating AhR activation. There were significant interactions between tumor AhRnuc status and preoperative antioxidant use in relation to clinical outcome. In all patients, antioxidant use (other than multivitamins) at both visits was associated with poorer prognosis, while use only at the follow-up visit was associated with better prognosis, compared with no use at either visit. CONCLUSION The clinical impact of antioxidants depended on antioxidant type, timing of use, and tumor AhR activation. Antioxidants may influence clinical outcome by activation of the master regulator AhR in addition to interference with free radicals. Further studies are needed to identify breast patients that might improve or worsen their prognosis when using antioxidants postoperatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linn Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Växjö Central Hospital and Department of Research and Development, Region Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Somayeh Khazaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helga Tryggvadottir
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofie Björner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Bressan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Adrian
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Falck
- Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolin Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou JY, Chen QL, Luo XC, Damdinjav D, Abdelmohsen UR, Li HY, Battulga T, Chen HB, Wang YQ, Zhang JY. Natural products reverse cancer multidrug resistance. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1348076. [PMID: 38572428 PMCID: PMC10988293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1348076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stands as a prominent global cause of death. One of the key reasons why clinical tumor chemotherapy fails is multidrug resistance (MDR). In recent decades, accumulated studies have shown how Natural Product-Derived Compounds can reverse tumor MDR. Discovering novel potential modulators to reduce tumor MDR by Natural Product-Derived Compounds has become a popular research area across the globe. Numerous studies mainly focus on natural products including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols and coumarins for their MDR modulatory activity. Natural products reverse MDR by regulating signaling pathways or the relevant expressed protein or gene. Here we perform a deep review of the previous achievements, recent advances in the development of natural products as a treatment for MDR. This review aims to provide some insights for the study of multidrug resistance of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Zou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ci Luo
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Davaadagva Damdinjav
- School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Deraya Center for Scientific Research, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Tibetan Medicine Detection Technology, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tungalag Battulga
- School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Agarwal M, Kumar M, Pathak R, Bala K, Kumar A. Exploring TLR signaling pathways as promising targets in cervical cancer: The road less traveled. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:227-261. [PMID: 38663961 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women globally. Despite notable advancements in prevention and treatment, the identification of novel therapeutic targets remains crucial for cervical cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in innate immunity as pattern-recognition receptors. There are several types of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), including those present in cervical cancer cells, which have the ability to activate toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recent studies have revealed dysregulated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways in cervical cancer, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that can facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Consequently, TLRs hold significant promise as potential targets for innovative therapeutic agents against cervical cancer. This book chapter explores the role of TLR signaling pathways in cervical cancer, highlighting their potential for targeted therapy while addressing challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and off-target effects. Despite these obstacles, targeting TLR signaling pathways presents a promising approach for the development of novel and effective treatments for cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Agarwal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kumud Bala
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- National Institute of Biologicals, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kang C, Ren X, Lee D, Ramesh R, Nimmo S, Yang-Hartwich Y, Kim D. Harnessing small extracellular vesicles for pro-oxidant delivery: novel approach for drug-sensitive and resistant cancer therapy. J Control Release 2024; 365:286-300. [PMID: 37992875 PMCID: PMC10872719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an inevitable clinical problem in chemotherapy due to the activation of abundant P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that can efflux drugs. Limitations of current cancer therapy highlight the need for the development of a comprehensive cancer treatment strategy, including drug-resistant cancers. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) possess significant potential in surmounting drug resistance as they can effectively evade the efflux mechanism and transport small molecules directly to MDR cancer cells. One mechanism mediating MDR in cancer cells is sustaining increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintenance of the redox balance with antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH). Herein, we developed GSH-depleting benzoyloxy dibenzyl carbonate (B2C)-encapsulated sEVs (BsEVs), which overcome the efflux system to exert highly potent anticancer activity against human MDR ovarian cancer cells (OVCAR-8/MDR) by depleting GSH to induce oxidative stress and, in turn, apoptotic cell death in both OVCAR-8/MDR and OVCAR-8 cancer cells. BsEVs restore drug responsiveness by inhibiting ATP production through the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with hydrogen (NADH) and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the dysfunction of efflux pumps responsible for drug resistance. In vivo studies showed that BsEV treatment significantly inhibited the growth of OVCAR-8/MDR and OVCAR-8 tumors. Additionally, OVCAR-8/MDR tumors showed a trend towards a greater sensitivity to BsEVs compared to OVCAR tumors. In summary, this study demonstrates that BsEVs hold tremendous potential for cancer treatment, especially against MDR cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changsun Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Susan Nimmo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Yang Yang-Hartwich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marques MB, Andrade FRT, Silva EFE, Oliveira BR, Almeida DV, de Souza Votto AP, Marins LF. Effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on the antioxidant capacity of human erythroleukemia cells with MDR phenotype. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2489-2496. [PMID: 36862256 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we identified that different chemotherapeutic drugs may select cells with different antioxidant capacities. For this, we evaluated the sensitivity of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) erythroleukemia cell lines: Lucena (resistant to vincristine, VCR) and FEPS (resistant to daunorubicin, DNR) derived from the same sensitive cell K562 (non-MDR) to hydrogen peroxide. In addition, we evaluated how the cell lines respond to the oxidizing agent in the absence of VCR/DNR. In absence of VCR, Lucena drastically decreases cell viability when exposed to hydrogen peroxide, while FEPS is not affected even without DNR. To analyze whether selection by different chemotherapeutic agents may generate altered energetic demands, we analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the relative expression of the glucose transporter 1 gene (glut1). We observed that the selection through DNR apparently generates a higher energy demand than VCR. High levels of transcription factors genes expression (nrf2, hif-1α, and oct4) were kept even when the DNR is withdrawn from the FEPS culture for one month. Together, these results indicate that DNR selects cells with greater ability to express the major transcription factors related to the antioxidant defense system and the main extrusion pump (ABCB1) related to the MDR phenotype. Taking into account that the antioxidant capacity of tumor cells is closely related to resistance to multiple drugs, it is evident that endogenous antioxidant molecules may be targets for the development of new anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Bernardes Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande -FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande -FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Reis Teodoro Andrade
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Neuroscience and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul -UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 Sala 206, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035003, Brazil.
| | - Estela Fernandes E Silva
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande -FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande -FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Volcan Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande -FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza Votto
- Laboratory of Cell Culture, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande -FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Marins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande -FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hao M, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Han J. Ferroptosis regulation by methylation in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188972. [PMID: 37634887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays a critical role in cancer development and progression. Methylation is an important epigenetic modification that influences gene expression by adding a methyl group to nucleic acids and proteins. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death triggered by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation. Emerging evidence have shown that methylation regulation plays a significant role in the regulation of ferroptosis in cancer. This review aims to explore the methylation regulation of ferroptosis in cancer, including reactive oxygen species and iron bio-logical activity, amino acid and lipid metabolism, and drugs interaction. The findings of this review may provide new insights and strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Hao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yixin Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, PR China; Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuyang Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, PR China; Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Junhong Han
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cipriano A, Viviano M, Feoli A, Milite C, Sarno G, Castellano S, Sbardella G. NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11632-11655. [PMID: 37650225 PMCID: PMC10510401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification of selective NOX inhibitors is quite challenging, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. The aim of this Perspective is to furnish an updated outlook about the small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity are discussed, as well as the main biological assays used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Radic Savic Z, Coric V, Vidovic S, Vidovic V, Becarevic J, Milovac I, Reljic Z, Mirjanic-Azaric B, Skrbic R, Gajanin R, Matic M, Simic T. GPX3 rs8177412 Polymorphism Modifies Risk of Upper Urothelial Tumors in Patients with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1421. [PMID: 37629712 PMCID: PMC10456338 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Current data suggest that aristolochic acid (AA) exposure is a putative cause of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), a chronic kidney disease strongly associated with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The cellular metabolism of AA is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative distress. Purpose: Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze individual, combined and cumulative effect of antioxidant gene polymorphisms (Nrf2 rs6721961, KEAP1 rs1048290, GSTP1AB rs1695, GSTP1CD rs1138272, GPX3 rs8177412 and MDR1 rs1045642), as well as GSTP1ABCD haplotypes with the risk for BEN development and associated urothelial cell carcinoma in 209 BEN patients and 140 controls from endemic areas. Experimental method: Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR with confronting two-pair primers (PCR-CTTP) methods. Results: We found that female patients carrying both variant GPX3 rs8177412 and MDR1 rs1045642 genotypes in combination exhibited significant risk towards BEN (OR 1 = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.16-9.60, p = 0.025; OR 2 = 3.79, 95% CI = 1.27-11.24, p = 0.016). Moreover, significant association was determined between GPX3rs8174412 polymorphism and risk for urothelial carcinoma. Carriers of variant GPX3*TC + CC genotype were at eight-fold increased risk of BEN-associated urothelial tumors development. There was no individual or combined impact on BEN development and BEN-associated tumors among all examined polymorphisms. The haplotype consisting of variant alleles for both polymorphisms G and T was associated with 1.6-fold increased risk although statistically insignificant (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 0.75-3.58; p = 0.21). Conclusions: Regarding GPX3 rs8177412 polymorphism, the gene variant that confers lower expression is associated with significant increase in upper urothelial carcinoma risk. Therefore, BEN patients carrying variant GPX3 genotype should be more frequently monitored for possible upper tract urothelial carcinoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zana Radic Savic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.R.S.); (B.M.-A.)
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.V.); (V.V.); (J.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Vesna Coric
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, Biotech Place, 2W-017, 575 North Patterson Avenue, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Stojko Vidovic
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.V.); (V.V.); (J.B.); (I.M.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vanja Vidovic
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.V.); (V.V.); (J.B.); (I.M.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Becarevic
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.V.); (V.V.); (J.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Irina Milovac
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.V.); (V.V.); (J.B.); (I.M.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zorica Reljic
- Medical Laboratory “PAN LAB”, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia;
| | - Bosa Mirjanic-Azaric
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (Z.R.S.); (B.M.-A.)
| | - Ranko Skrbic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Radoslav Gajanin
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Marija Matic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, Biotech Place, 2W-017, 575 North Patterson Avenue, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Center of Excellence for Redox Medicine, Biotech Place, 2W-017, 575 North Patterson Avenue, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Badiee SA, Isu UH, Khodadadi E, Moradi M. The Alternating Access Mechanism in Mammalian Multidrug Resistance Transporters and Their Bacterial Homologs. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:568. [PMID: 37367772 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins belonging to the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter group play a crucial role in the export of cytotoxic drugs across cell membranes. These proteins are particularly fascinating due to their ability to confer drug resistance, which subsequently leads to the failure of therapeutic interventions and hinders successful treatments. One key mechanism by which multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins carry out their transport function is through alternating access. This mechanism involves intricate conformational changes that enable the binding and transport of substrates across cellular membranes. In this extensive review, we provide an overview of ABC transporters, including their classifications and structural similarities. We focus specifically on well-known mammalian multidrug resistance proteins such as MRP1 and Pgp (MDR1), as well as bacterial counterparts such as Sav1866 and lipid flippase MsbA. By exploring the structural and functional features of these MDR proteins, we shed light on the roles of their nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and transmembrane domains (TMDs) in the transport process. Notably, while the structures of NBDs in prokaryotic ABC proteins, such as Sav1866, MsbA, and mammalian Pgp, are identical, MRP1 exhibits distinct characteristics in its NBDs. Our review also emphasizes the importance of two ATP molecules for the formation of an interface between the two binding sites of NBD domains across all these transporters. ATP hydrolysis occurs following substrate transport and is vital for recycling the transporters in subsequent cycles of substrate transportation. Specifically, among the studied transporters, only NBD2 in MRP1 possesses the ability to hydrolyze ATP, while both NBDs of Pgp, Sav1866, and MsbA are capable of carrying out this reaction. Furthermore, we highlight recent advancements in the study of MDR proteins and the alternating access mechanism. We discuss the experimental and computational approaches utilized to investigate the structure and dynamics of MDR proteins, providing valuable insights into their conformational changes and substrate transport. This review not only contributes to an enhanced understanding of multidrug resistance proteins but also holds immense potential for guiding future research and facilitating the development of effective strategies to overcome multidrug resistance, thus improving therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi A Badiee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ugochi H Isu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mahmoud Moradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mueed A, Deng Z, Korma SA, Shibli S, Jahangir M. Anticancer potential of flaxseed lignans, their metabolites and synthetic counterparts in relation with molecular targets: current challenges and future perspectives. Food Funct 2023; 14:2286-2303. [PMID: 36820797 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are known dietary polyphenols found in cereals, plants and seeds. Flaxseed is one of the major sources of lignans mainly existing in the form of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) which can be metabolised by the gut microbes into secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and mammalian lignan (enterodiol and enterolactone) that are easily absorbed through the intestines. Numerous studies reveal that flaxseed lignans (FLs) can be promising chemotherapeutics/chemopreventive agents. Their anticancer activity can occur through the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and the hindering of metastasis and angiogenesis. The anti-carcinogenesis of flaxseed lignans is achieved through multiple molecular mechanisms involving biochemical entities such as cellular kinases, cell cycle mediators, transcription factors, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and drug transporters. This review summarizes the bioavailability of FLs, their anticancer mechanisms in relevance to molecular targets, safety, and the scope of future research. Overall, FLs can be utilized in functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals for the management and prevention of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mueed
- State key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar Shibli
- Food Science Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangir
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Haripur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Potential Nanotechnology-Based Therapeutics to Prevent Cancer Progression through TME Cell-Driven Populations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010112. [PMID: 36678741 PMCID: PMC9864587 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a high risk of metastasis and therapeutic resistance. These issues are closely linked to the tumour microenvironment (TME) surrounding the tumour tissue. The association between residing TME components with tumour progression, survival, and metastasis has been well elucidated. Focusing on cancer cells alone is no longer considered a viable approach to therapy; thus, there is a high demand for TME targeting. The benefit of using nanoparticles is their preferential tumour accumulation and their ability to target TME components. Several nano-based platforms have been investigated to mitigate microenvironment-induced angiogenesis, therapeutic resistance, and tumour progression. These have been achieved by targeting mesenchymal originating cells (e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and stem cells), haematological cells (e.g., tumour-associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells), and the extracellular matrix within the TME that displays functional and architectural support. This review highlights the importance of nanotechnology-based therapeutics as a promising approach to target the TME and improve treatment outcomes for TNBC patients, which can lead to enhanced survival and quality of life. The role of different nanotherapeutics has been explored in the established TME cell-driven populations.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yadav P, Ambudkar SV, Rajendra Prasad N. Emerging nanotechnology-based therapeutics to combat multidrug-resistant cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:423. [PMID: 36153528 PMCID: PMC9509578 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer often develops multidrug resistance (MDR) when cancer cells become resistant to numerous structurally and functionally different chemotherapeutic agents. MDR is considered one of the principal reasons for the failure of many forms of clinical chemotherapy. Several factors are involved in the development of MDR including increased expression of efflux transporters, the tumor microenvironment, changes in molecular targets and the activity of cancer stem cells. Recently, researchers have designed and developed a number of small molecule inhibitors and derivatives of natural compounds to overcome various mechanisms of clinical MDR. Unfortunately, most of the chemosensitizing approaches have failed in clinical trials due to non-specific interactions and adverse side effects at pharmacologically effective concentrations. Nanomedicine approaches provide an efficient drug delivery platform to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy and improve therapeutic effectiveness. Multifunctional nanomaterials have been found to facilitate drug delivery by improving bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs to overcome MDR. In this review article, we discuss the major factors contributing to MDR and the limitations of existing chemotherapy- and nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems to overcome clinical MDR mechanisms. We critically review recent nanotechnology-based approaches to combat tumor heterogeneity, drug efflux mechanisms, DNA repair and apoptotic machineries to overcome clinical MDR. Recent successful therapies of this nature include liposomal nanoformulations, cRGDY-PEG-Cy5.5-Carbon dots and Cds/ZnS core–shell quantum dots that have been employed for the effective treatment of various cancer sub-types including small cell lung, head and neck and breast cancers.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Role of SLC7A11 in Cancer: Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133059. [PMID: 35804831 PMCID: PMC9264807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC7A11 controls the uptake of extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate at a ratio of 1:1, and it is overexpressed in a variety of tumours. Accumulating evidence has shown that the expression of SLC7A11 is fine-tuned at multiple levels, and plays diverse functional and pharmacological roles in tumours, such as cellular redox homeostasis, cell growth and death, and cell metabolism. Many reports have suggested that the inhibition of SLC7A11 expression and activity is favourable for tumour therapy; thus, SLC7A11 is regarded as a potential therapeutic target. However, emerging evidence also suggests that on some occasions, the inhibition of SLC7A11 is beneficial to the survival of cancer cells, and confers the development of drug resistance. In this review, we first briefly introduce the biological properties of SLC7A11, including its structure and physiological functions, and further summarise its regulatory network and potential regulators. Then, focusing on its role in cancer, we describe the relationships of SLC7A11 with tumourigenesis, survival, proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in more detail. Finally, since SLC7A11 has been linked to cancer through multiple approaches, we propose that its contribution and regulatory mechanism require further elucidation. Thus, more personalised therapeutic strategies should be adapted when targeting SLC7A11.
Collapse
|
15
|
Akgun‑Cagliyan G, Cort‑Donmez A, Kilic‑Toprak E, Altintas F. Verbascoside potentiates the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress via the Abl-mediated MAPK signalling pathway in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:514. [PMID: 35837042 PMCID: PMC9257957 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbascoside (Verb) may exhibit potential antitumour activities in leukaemia. The present study investigated the effect of Verb, in combination with imatinib (IM), dasatinib (Das), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF, on cell survival, Abl expression, apoptosis, oxidative stress and the MAPK pathway in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells. Cell viability was determined using the WST-8 assay in K562 and R-K562 cells treated with Verb and/or IM, Das, LPS and TNF. Apoptosis and DNA damage in CML cells was detected by caspase-3 and comet analysis. The protein levels of Abl (Phospho-Tyr412), and total/phosphorylated p38, JNK and ERK in CML cells were analysed using a Colorimetric Cell-Based Assay. Oxidative stress was examined using total antioxidant and oxidant status assays. Treatment with Verb and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), LPS and TNF resulted in a significant decrease in the Tyr-412 phosphorylation of Abl in K562 and R-K562 cells. In addition, cotreatment with Verb and IM or Das additively induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3 levels in both cell lines. Activation of p38 and JNK can result in growth arrest and cell death, whereas ERK stimulation results in cell division and differentiation. The present study demonstrated that cotreatment with Verb and TKIs suppressed phosphorylated-ERK1/2, whereas the levels of phosphorylated-p-38 and phosphorylated-JNK were significantly elevated by Verb and/or IM, Das, LPS and TNF, thus suggesting that Abl and Src inhibition could be involved in the effects of Verb on MAPK signalling in R-K562 cells. Furthermore, Verb elevated reactive oxygen species levels additively with TKIs in both cell lines by increasing the oxidant capacity and decreasing the antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, anti-leukemic mechanisms of Verb may be mediated by Abl protein and regulation of its downstream p38-MAPK/JNK pathway, caspase-3 and oxidative stress in CML cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Akgun‑Cagliyan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20160 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Cort‑Donmez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20160 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Emine Kilic‑Toprak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20160 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Fatih Altintas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20160 Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Research Progress and Prospects of Autophagy in the Mechanism of Multidrug Resistance in Tumors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7032614. [PMID: 35136409 PMCID: PMC8818414 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7032614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the treatment of cancer has made great strides in clinical practice, its high morbidity and fatality rates remain a major threat to human health. Multidrug resistance (MDR) often appears in the process of tumor treatment, leading to tumor refractory and aggravating the risk of tumor recurrence. Therefore, antitumor MDR plays a key role in tumor chemotherapy. Autophagy is an important process for the turnover of intracellular materials, which is commonly seen in the treatment of sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumors, and it can play different roles in various types of MDR tumor cells and tissues. Autophagy plays a dual regulatory role in MDR tumors. On the one hand, autophagy can promote the formation of MDR in tumor cells, weaken the killing effect of chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells, and play a protective role in tumor survival. On the other hand, autophagy production in the cellular environment can kill MDR tumor cells, reverse tumor resistance and enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, the regulation of autophagy to overcome MDR has become increasingly significant in tumor chemotherapy. In this article, we discussed and summarized the research progress of autophagy in MDR tumors, mainly involving the different characteristics of autophagy in MDR cancer cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sarkar C, Chaudhary P, Jamaddar S, Janmeda P, Mondal M, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. Redox Activity of Flavonoids: Impact on Human Health, Therapeutics, and Chemical Safety. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:140-162. [PMID: 35045245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of presently used therapies is a problem in overall redox-based management, which is posing a significant financial burden on communities across the world. As a result, sophisticated treatment models that provide notions of predictive diagnoses followed by targeted preventive therapies adapted to individual patient profiles are gaining global acclaim as being beneficial to patients, the healthcare sector, and society as a whole. In this context, natural flavonoids were considered due to their multifaceted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects as well as their low toxicity and ease of availability. The aim of this review is to focus on the capacity of flavonoids to modulate the responsiveness of various diseases and ailments associated with redox toxicity. The review will also focus on the flavonoids' pathway-based redox activity and the advancement of redox-based therapies as well as flavonoids' antioxidant characteristics and their influence on human health, therapeutics, and chemical safety. Research findings indicated that flavonoids significantly exhibit various redox-based therapeutic responses against several diseases such as inflammatory, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and hepatic diseases and various types of cancer by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 transcription system, suppressing the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/IκB kinase inflammatory pathway, abrogating the function of the Hsp90/Hsf1 complex, inhibiting the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Some flavonoids, especially genistein, apigenin, amentoflavone, baicalein, quercetin, licochalcone A, and biochanin A, play a potential role in redox regulation. Conclusions of this review on the antioxidant aspects of flavonoids highlight the medicinal and folk values of these compounds against oxidative stress and various diseases and ailments. In short, treatment with flavonoids could be a novel therapeutic invention in clinical trials, as we hope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Cheng J, Li J, He J, Li X, Xu F. The GLP-1R Agonist Exendin-4 Attenuates Hyperglycemia-Induced Chemoresistance in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells Through ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 11:793530. [PMID: 34988025 PMCID: PMC8721044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.793530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of the antidiabetic drug Exendin-4 (Exe-4), a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on the response of human endometrial cancer cells to chemotherapy under high glucose (HG) conditions. Cell viability was detected using a cell counting kit (CCK)-8. Cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (DDP) dose-dependently inhibited both human endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa and HEC1B cells, a response reversed by HG. Meanwhile, Exe-4 attenuated hyperglycemia’s effect by elevating intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ROS production. Similarly, DDP-induced elevation of intracellular rhodamine123 was attenuated by HG, and Exe-4 reversed HG’s impact. The chemoresistance genes multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) were upregulated. At the same time, topoisomerase II (TOPO II) was downregulated under HG conditions, suggesting HG-induced chemoresistance. Exe-4 did not significantly influence the above genes. DDP downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and upregulated Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, and PARP under normal glucose (NG) versus HG conditions, and Exe-4 attenuated these effects. Upstream of Bax/Bcl, acetylated P53 was upregulated by DDP and downregulated by HG, whose effect was reversed by Exe-4. DPP treatment significantly induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the S phase under NG, and HG reduced these effects. Prolonged exposure to HG induces DDP chemoresistance in human endometrial cancer cells but is alleviated by Exe-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxian He
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomao Li
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Logie E, Van Puyvelde B, Cuypers B, Schepers A, Berghmans H, Verdonck J, Laukens K, Godderis L, Dhaenens M, Deforce D, Vanden Berghe W. Ferroptosis Induction in Multiple Myeloma Cells Triggers DNA Methylation and Histone Modification Changes Associated with Cellular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12234. [PMID: 34830117 PMCID: PMC8618106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease relapse and therapy resistance remain key challenges in treating multiple myeloma. Underlying (epi-)mutational events can promote myelomagenesis and contribute to multi-drug and apoptosis resistance. Therefore, compounds inducing ferroptosis, a form of iron and lipid peroxidation-regulated cell death, are appealing alternative treatment strategies for multiple myeloma and other malignancies. Both ferroptosis and the epigenetic machinery are heavily influenced by oxidative stress and iron metabolism changes. Yet, only a limited number of epigenetic enzymes and modifications have been identified as ferroptosis regulators. In this study, we found that MM1 multiple myeloma cells are sensitive to ferroptosis induction and epigenetic reprogramming by RSL3, irrespective of their glucocorticoid-sensitivity status. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the formation of non-heme iron-histone complexes and altered expression of histone modifications associated with DNA repair and cellular senescence. In line with this observation, EPIC BeadChip measurements of significant DNA methylation changes in ferroptotic myeloma cells demonstrated an enrichment of CpG probes located in genes associated with cell cycle progression and senescence, such as Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A member 2 (NR4A2). Overall, our data show that ferroptotic cell death is associated with an epigenomic stress response that might advance the therapeutic applicability of ferroptotic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Logie
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (E.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Bart Van Puyvelde
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.P.); (M.D.); (D.D.)
| | - Bart Cuypers
- Biomedical Informatics Network Antwerp (Biomina), Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Anne Schepers
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Herald Berghmans
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (E.L.); (H.B.)
| | - Jelle Verdonck
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Kris Laukens
- Biomedical Informatics Network Antwerp (Biomina), Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (B.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Lode Godderis
- Center for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.V.); (L.G.)
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten Dhaenens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.P.); (M.D.); (D.D.)
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Department, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.P.); (M.D.); (D.D.)
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (E.L.); (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fiorillo M, Ózsvári B, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. High ATP Production Fuels Cancer Drug Resistance and Metastasis: Implications for Mitochondrial ATP Depletion Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740720. [PMID: 34722292 PMCID: PMC8554334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we presented evidence that high mitochondrial ATP production is a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Using ATP as a biomarker, we isolated the “metabolically fittest” cancer cells from the total cell population. Importantly, ATP-high cancer cells were phenotypically the most aggressive, with enhanced stem-like properties, showing multi-drug resistance and an increased capacity for cell migration, invasion and spontaneous metastasis. In support of these observations, ATP-high cells demonstrated the up-regulation of both mitochondrial proteins and other protein biomarkers, specifically associated with stemness and metastasis. Therefore, we propose that the “energetically fittest” cancer cells would be better able to resist the selection pressure provided by i) a hostile micro-environment and/or ii) conventional chemotherapy, allowing them to be naturally-selected for survival, based on their high ATP content, ultimately driving tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. In accordance with this energetic hypothesis, ATP-high MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showed a dramatic increase in their ability to metastasize in a pre-clinical model in vivo. Conversely, metastasis was largely prevented by treatment with an FDA-approved drug (Bedaquiline), which binds to and inhibits the mitochondrial ATP-synthase, leading to ATP depletion. Clinically, these new therapeutic approaches could have important implications for preventing treatment failure and avoiding cancer cell dormancy, by employing ATP-depletion therapy, to target even the fittest cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiorillo
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.,The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Béla Ózsvári
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kharaeva Z, Hokonova T, Elmurzaeva J, Dzamihova I, Mayer W, De Luca C, Trakhtman I, Korkina L. Effects of Heavy Isotopes ( 2H 1 and 18O 16) Depleted Water Con-Sumption on Physical Recovery and Metabolic and Immunological Parameters of Healthy Volunteers under Regular Fitness Load. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9080110. [PMID: 34437371 PMCID: PMC8402423 DOI: 10.3390/sports9080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Water depleted of heavy isotopes, such as 2H1 and 18O16 (HIDW), has shown numerous biological/health effects in vitro, in vivo, and in epidemiological studies. Major observations were related to cell growth/differentiation, immune/nervous system responses, endurance/adaptation, mitochondrial electron transfer, energy production, glucose metabolism, etc. No human studies to confirm physiological, metabolic, and immune responses to the consumption of HIDW have been performed. A placebo-controlled study on healthy volunteers (n = 50) under fitness load who consumed 1.5 L HIDW (58 ppm 2H and 1780 ppm 18O) or normal water for 60 days was carried out. Plasma content of 2H1 and 18O16, markers of energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, anthropometric, cardio-vascular, oxidant/antioxidant, and immunological parameters were determined. Significant decrease in plasma heavy isotopes in the group consuming HIDW was observed in concomitance with an increase in ATP, insulin, and LDH, and diminished plasma lactate. Several anthropometric and cardio-vascular parameters were improved as compared to placebo group. Lipid markers demonstrated antiatherogenic effects, while oxidant/antioxidant parameters revealed HIDW-induced hormesis. Antibacterial/antiviral immunity was remarkably higher in HIDW versus placebo group. Conclusions: HIDW consumption by humans under fitness load could be a valid approach to improve their adaptation/recovery through several mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Kharaeva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, Kabardino-Balkar Berbekov’s State University, 176 Chernishevskogo St., 360000 Nal’chik, Russia; (Z.K.); (T.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Tamara Hokonova
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, Kabardino-Balkar Berbekov’s State University, 176 Chernishevskogo St., 360000 Nal’chik, Russia; (Z.K.); (T.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Jannet Elmurzaeva
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, Kabardino-Balkar Berbekov’s State University, 176 Chernishevskogo St., 360000 Nal’chik, Russia; (Z.K.); (T.H.); (J.E.)
| | - Irlana Dzamihova
- Fitness Centre “S-Club”, 36 Kuliev Pr., 360030 Nal’chik, Russia;
| | - Wolfgang Mayer
- R&D Department, MEDENA AG, 16 Industriestrasse, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis, Switzerland; (W.M.); (C.D.L.)
| | - Chiara De Luca
- R&D Department, MEDENA AG, 16 Industriestrasse, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis, Switzerland; (W.M.); (C.D.L.)
| | - Ilya Trakhtman
- R&D Department, Swiss DEKOTRA GmbH, 549 Badenerstrasse, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- Centre of Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), 197 Vernadskiy Pr., 119571 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-926-6184086
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rio-Vilariño A, del Puerto-Nevado L, García-Foncillas J, Cebrián A. Ras Family of Small GTPases in CRC: New Perspectives for Overcoming Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3757. [PMID: 34359657 PMCID: PMC8345156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains among the cancers with the highest incidence, prevalence, and mortality worldwide. Although the development of targeted therapies against the EGFR and VEGFR membrane receptors has considerably improved survival in these patients, the appearance of resistance means that their success is still limited. Overactivation of several members of the Ras-GTPase family is one of the main actors in both tumour progression and the lack of response to cytotoxic and targeted therapies. This fact has led many resources to be devoted over the last decades to the development of targeted therapies against these proteins. However, they have not been as successful as expected in their move to the clinic so far. In this review, we will analyse the role of these Ras-GTPases in the emergence and development of colorectal cancer and their relationship with resistance to targeted therapies, as well as the status and new advances in the design of targeted therapies against these proteins and their possible clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (L.d.P.-N.)
| | - Arancha Cebrián
- Translational Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jimenez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.-V.); (L.d.P.-N.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
DE Souza Dutra C, Martello CL, Cadore NA, Ferreira HB, Zaha A, Monteiro KM. Proteomic Analysis of the Non-genetic Response to Cisplatin in Lung Cancer Cells. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2021; 1:235-243. [PMID: 35399307 PMCID: PMC8962784 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is the main cause of therapy failure in advanced lung cancer. Although non-genetic mechanisms play important roles in tumor chemoresistance, drug-induced epigenetic reprogramming is still poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS The A549 cell line was used to generate cells with non-genetic resistance to cisplatin (CDDP), namely A549/CDDP cells. Bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins modulated by CDDP in A549 and A549/CDDP cells. RESULTS Proteins related to proteostasis, telomere maintenance, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodeling, and cell redox homeostasis were found enriched in both cell lines upon CDDP exposure. On the other hand, proteins involved in drug response, metabolic pathways and mRNA processing and splicing were up-regulated by CDDP only in A549/CDDP cells. CONCLUSION Our study revealed proteome dynamics involved in the non-genetic response to CDDP, pointing out potential targets to monitor and overcome epigenetic resistance in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristine DE Souza Dutra
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Lumertz Martello
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Araujo Cadore
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Mariante Monteiro
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khalaf K, Hana D, Chou JTT, Singh C, Mackiewicz A, Kaczmarek M. Aspects of the Tumor Microenvironment Involved in Immune Resistance and Drug Resistance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656364. [PMID: 34122412 PMCID: PMC8190405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing "rogue organ" composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). These complex components, utilizing both benign and malignant cells, nurture the harsh, immunosuppressive and nutrient-deficient environment necessary for tumor cell growth, proliferation and phenotypic flexibility and variation. An important aspect of the TME is cellular crosstalk and cell-to-ECM communication. This interaction induces the release of soluble factors responsible for immune evasion and ECM remodeling, which further contribute to therapy resistance. Other aspects are the presence of exosomes contributed by both malignant and benign cells, circulating deregulated microRNAs and TME-specific metabolic patterns which further potentiate the progression and/or resistance to therapy. In addition to biochemical signaling, specific TME characteristics such as the hypoxic environment, metabolic derangements, and abnormal mechanical forces have been implicated in the development of treatment resistance. In this review, we will provide an overview of tumor microenvironmental composition, structure, and features that influence immune suppression and contribute to treatment resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Khalaf
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Doris Hana
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jadzia Tin-Tsen Chou
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Chandpreet Singh
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang N, Gao M, Wang Z, Zhang J, Cui W, Li J, Zhu X, Zhang H, Yang DH, Xu X. Curcumin reverses doxorubicin resistance in colon cancer cells at the metabolic level. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 201:114129. [PMID: 34000577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is commonly used for the treatment of malignant tumors, including colon cancer. However, the development of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor chemotherapy has seriously reduced the therapeutic efficacy of Dox. Natural product curcumin (Cur) was demonstrated to have a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation and anti-aging activities. Here, we examined the MDR reversal capability of Cur in drug sensitive-(SW620) and resistant-(SW620/Ad300) colon cancer cells, and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms at the metabolic level. It was found that Cur reversed P-gp-mediated resistance in SW620/Ad300 cells by enhancing the Dox-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies indicated that Cur inhibited the ATP-dependent transport activity of P-gp, thereby increasing the intra-celluar accumulation of Dox in drug-resistant cells. Metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-MS/MS showed that the MDR phenomenon in SW620/Ad300 cells was closely correlated with the upregulation of spermine and spermidine synthesis and D-glutamine metabolism. Cur significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of spermine and spermidine by decreasing the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and suppressed D-glutamine metabolism, which in turn decreased the anti-oxidative stress ability and P-gp transport activity of SW620/Ad300 cells, eventually reversed MDR. These findings indicated the MDR reversal activity and the related mechanism of action of Cur, suggesting that Cur could be a promising MDR reversal agent for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Weiqi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, NY, 11439, Jamaica.
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Role of the FOXO1/β 2-AR/p-NF-κB p65 Pathway in the Development of Endometrial Stromal Cells in Pregnant Mice under Restraint Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031478. [PMID: 33540675 PMCID: PMC7867244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Restraint stress causes various maternal diseases during pregnancy. β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) and Forkhead transcription factor class O 1 (FOXO1) are critical factors not only in stress, but also in reproduction. However, the role of FOXO1 in restraint stress, causing changes in the β2-AR pathway in pregnant mice, has been unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the β2-AR pathway of restraint stress and its impact on the oxidative stress of the maternal uterus. In the study, maternal mice were treated with restraint stress by being restrained in a transparent and ventilated device before sacrifice on Pregnancy Day 5 (P5), Pregnancy Day 10 (P10), Pregnancy Day 15 (P15), and Pregnancy Day 20 (P20) as well as on Non-Pregnancy Day 5 (NP5). Restraint stress augmented blood corticosterone (CORT), norepinephrine (NE), and blood glucose levels, while oestradiol (E2) levels decreased. Moreover, restraint stress increased the mRNA levels of the FOXO family, β2-AR, and even the protein levels of FOXO1 and β2-AR in the uterus and ovaries. Furthermore, restraint stress increased uterine oxidative stress level. In vitro, the protein levels of FOXO1 were also obviously increased when β2-AR was activated in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). In addition, phosphorylated-nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (p-NF-κB p65) and its target genes decreased significantly when FOXO1 was inhibited. Overall, it can be said that the β2-AR/FOXO1/p-NF-κB p65 pathway was activated when pregnant mice were under restraint stress. This study provides a scientific basis for the origin of psychological stress in pregnant women.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang JQ, Yang Y, Cai CY, Teng QX, Cui Q, Lin J, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS. Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs): Structure, function and the overcoming of cancer multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100743. [PMID: 33513557 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate the ATP-driven translocation of structurally and mechanistically distinct substrates against steep concentration gradients. Among the seven human ABC subfamilies namely ABCA-ABCG, ABCC is the largest subfamily with 13 members. In this respect, 9 of the ABCC members are termed "multidrug resistance proteins" (MRPs1-9) due to their ability to mediate cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) by extruding various chemotherapeutic agents or their metabolites from tumor cells. Furthermore, MRPs are also responsible for the ATP-driven efflux of physiologically important organic anions such as leukotriene C4, folic acid, bile acids and cAMP. Thus, MRPs are involved in important regulatory pathways. Blocking the anticancer drug efflux function of MRPs has shown promising results in overcoming cancer MDR. As a result, many novel MRP modulators have been developed in the past decade. In the current review, we summarize the structure, tissue distribution, biological and pharmacological functions as well as clinical insights of MRPs. Furthermore, recent updates in MRP modulators and their therapeutic applications in clinical trials are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Chao-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Qingbin Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guneidy RA, Gad AM, Zaki ER, Ibrahim FM, Shokeer A. Antioxidant or pro-oxidant and glutathione transferase P1-1 inhibiting activities for Tamarindus indica seeds and their cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cancer cell line. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:74. [PMID: 33215267 PMCID: PMC7677421 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1-1) catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with anticancer drugs and therefore reduces their efficacy. Phenolic compounds have the potential to inhibit GST P1-1 activity, which is a promising goal to overcome MDR and increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. RESULTS Three fractions (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were prepared from Tamarindus indica seeds to determine their phenolic and flavonoid properties as well as their antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties. The n-butanol fraction displayed the highest levels of phenol ( 378 ± 11.7 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW) and flavonoids (83 ± 6.0 mg rutin equivalent/g DW). Inhibiting effects on purified GSTP1-1 activity in human erythrocytes (eGST), placenta (pGST), and hGSTP1-1 have been studied. The n-butanol fraction was the most effective in inhibiting eGST, hGSTP1-1, and pGST with IC50 values of 3.0 ± 0.7, 4.85 ± 0.35, and 6.6 ± 1.2 μg/ml, respectively. Cellular toxicity was investigated for the T. indica n-butanol fraction on various human cancerous cell lines. The only ones affected were MCF-7 cell lines (72%) and HePG2 (52%) indicated cytotoxicity. The value of IC50 is 68.5 μg/ml of T. indica n-butanol fraction was observed compared to 1.7 μg/ml tamoxifen in MCF-7 cell lines. The combination of treatment of T. indica extract with the medicinally approved drug tamoxifen had unexpected effects; complete elimination of the cytotoxic inhibition effect of tamoxifen and the plant extract was observed. CONCLUSIONS However T. indica extract has a cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 cell line; in certain situations, plant products can have an opposite effect to the intended drug, which decreases the impact of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Guneidy
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt.
| | - A M Gad
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt
| | - E R Zaki
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt
| | - F M Ibrahim
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt
| | - A Shokeer
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Waghela BN, Vaidya FU, Agrawal Y, Santra MK, Mishra V, Pathak C. Molecular insights of NADPH oxidases and its pathological consequences. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:218-234. [PMID: 32975319 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), formed by the partial reduction of oxygen, were for a long time considered to be a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Since, increase in cellular levels of ROS results in oxidative stress leading to damage of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids resulting in numerous pathological conditions; ROS was considered a bane for aerobic species. Hence, the discovery of NADPH oxidases (NOX), an enzyme family that specifically generates ROS as its prime product came as a surprise to redox biologists. NOX family proteins participate in various cellular functions including cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of genes and protein expression, apoptosis, and host defence immunological response. Balanced expression and activation of NOX with subsequent production of ROS are critically important to regulate various genes and proteins to maintain homeostasis of the cell. However, dysregulation of NOX activation leading to enhanced ROS levels is associated with various pathophysiologies including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Although our current knowledge on NOX signifies its importance in the normal functioning of various cellular pathways; yet the choice of ROS producing enzymes which can tip the scale from homeostasis toward damage, as mediators of biological functions remain an oddity. Though the role of NOX in maintaining normal cellular functions is now deemed essential, yet its dysregulation leading to catastrophic events cannot be denied. Hence, this review focuses on the involvement of NOX enzymes in various pathological conditions imploring them as possible targets for therapies. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The NOXs are multi-subunit enzymes that generate ROS as a prime product. NOX generated ROS are usually regulated by various molecular factors and play a vital role in different physiological processes. The dysregulation of NOX activity is associated with pathological consequences. Recently, the dynamic proximity of NOX enzymes with different molecular signatures of pathologies has been studied extensively. It is essential to identify the precise role of NOX machinery in its niche during the progression of pathology. Although inhibition of NOX could be a promising approach for therapeutic interventions, it is critical to expand the current understanding of NOX's dynamicity and shed light on their molecular partners and regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargav N Waghela
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram U Vaidya
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology and Epigenetics, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinita Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vaghari-Tabari M, Majidinia M, Moein S, Qujeq D, Asemi Z, Alemi F, Mohamadzadeh R, Targhazeh N, Safa A, Yousefi B. MicroRNAs and colorectal cancer chemoresistance: New solution for old problem. Life Sci 2020; 259:118255. [PMID: 32818543 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies with a significant mortality rate. Despite the great advances in cancer treatment in the last few decades, effective treatment of CRC is still under challenge. One of the main problems associated with CRC treatment is the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. METHODS Many studies have been carried out to identify CRC chemoresistance mechanisms, and shed light on the role of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), enzymes as thymidylate synthase, some signaling pathways, and cancer stem cells (CSC) in chemoresistance and failed CRC chemotherapies. Other studies have also been recently carried out to find solutions to overcome chemoresistance. Some of these studies have identified the role of miRNAs in chemoresistance of the CRC cells and the effective use of these micro-molecules to CRC treatment. RESULTS Considering the results of these studies, more focus on miRNAs likely leads to a proper solution to overcome CRC chemoresistance. CONCLUSION The current study has reviewed the related literature while discussing the efficacy of miRNAs as potential clinical tools for overcoming CRC chemoresistance and reviewing the most important chemoresistance mechanisms in CRC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Mohamadzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nilofar Targhazeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Safa
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam; Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hanikoglu A, Ozben H, Hanikoglu F, Ozben T. Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2118-2132. [PMID: 30027838 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180719145819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Hanikoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ozben
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Hanikoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fan CC, Tsai ST, Lin CY, Chang LC, Yang JC, Chen GY, Sher YP, Wang SC, Hsiao M, Chang WC. EFHD2 contributes to non-small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance by the activation of NOX4-ROS-ABCC1 axis. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101571. [PMID: 32446175 PMCID: PMC7243194 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis remain the major cause of cancer mortality. Even for early-stage lung cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy yields merely slight increase to patient survival. EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2) has recently been implicated in recurrence of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we investigated the correlation between EFHD2 and chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of EFHD2 was significantly associated with poor overall survival of NSCLC patients with chemotherapy in in silica analysis. Ectopic EFHD2 overexpression increased cisplatin resistance, whereas EFHD2 knockdown improved chemoresponse. Mechanistically, EFHD2 induced the production of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and in turn the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), consequently activating membrane expression of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) for drug efflux. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen suppressed EFHD2 expression by leading to the proteasomal and lysosomal degradation of EFHD2 through a cyclooxygenase (COX)-independent mechanism. Combining ibuprofen with cisplatin enhanced antitumor responsiveness in a murine xenograft model in comparison with the individual treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrate that EFHD2 promotes chemoresistance through the NOX4-ROS-ABCC1 axis and therefore developing EFHD2-targeting strategies may offer a new avenue to improve adjuvant chemotherapy of lung cancer. EFHD2 increases resistance of lung cancer to cisplatin. EFHD2 enhances the NOX4-ROS-ABCC1signalingfor cisplatin efflux. Ibuprofen suppresses EFHD2 through both proteasomal and lysosomal degradationmechanisms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Fan
- Department of Superintendent Office, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ta Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Department of Superintendent Office, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Pyng Sher
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang G, Miao F, Xu J, Wang R. Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow regulate invasion and drug resistance of multiple myeloma cells by secreting chemokine CXCL13. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:209-217. [PMID: 31538911 PMCID: PMC7202187 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic cancer arising from plasma cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population in the bone marrow microenvironment. In this study, we evaluated the regulatory effects of MSCs on the invasion and drug resistance of MM cells U266 and LP-1. Bone marrow samples from MM patients and healthy subjects were collected. MSCs were extracted from bone marrow and cultured, and their phenotypes were identified by flow cytometry. The level of CXCL13 in the supernatant of cultured MSCs was detected by ELISA. The protein expression of CXCR5 (a specific receptor of CXCL13) in U266 and LP-1 cells was detected by Western blot. The effects of MSCs on the invasion of U266 and LP-1 cells and the resistance to bortezomib were assessed by Transwell and CCK-8 assay, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of BTK, NF-κB, BCL-2, and MDR-1 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. CXCL13 was secreted by MSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment, and the level in MSCs from MM patients was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects. CXCR5 was expressed in both U266 and LP-1 cells. The resistance of MM cells to bortezomib was enhanced by MSCs through CXCL13 secretion. The invasion and proliferation of U266 and LP-1 cells were promoted, and the mRNA and protein expressions of BTK, NF-κB, BCL-2, and MDR-1 were upregulated by MSCs. The basic biological functions of MM cells U266 and LP-1 were affected by MSCs via the CXCL13-mediated signaling pathway. This study provides valuable experimental evidence for clinical MM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Faan Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jinge Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huaian, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oxidative resistance of leukemic stem cells and oxidative damage to hematopoietic stem cells under pro-oxidative therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32341354 PMCID: PMC7184730 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are both dependent on the hypoxic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (also known as the BM niche). There is always fierce competition between the two types of cells, and the former exhibits a greater competitive advantage than the latter via multiple mechanisms. Under hypoxia, the dynamic balance between the generation and clearing of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) is conducive to maintaining a quiescent state of cells. Quiescent LSCs can reside well in the BM niche, avoiding attack by chemotherapeutic agents, which is the cause of chemotherapeutic resistance and relapse in leukemia. HSCs acquire energy mainly through anaerobic glycolysis, whereas LSCs achieve energy metabolism largely through mitochondrial oxidative respiration. Mitochondria are the primary site of ROS generation. Thus, in theory, mitochondria-mediated respiration will cause an increase in ROS generation in LSCs and a higher intracellular oxidative stress level. The sensitivity of the cells to pro-oxidant drugs increases as well, which allows for the selective clearing of LSCs by pro-oxidative therapy. However, HSCs are also highly sensitive to changes in ROS levels, and the toxic effects of pro-oxidant drugs on HSCs poses a major challenge to pro-oxidative therapy in leukemia. Given the above facts, we reviewed studies on the oxidative resistance of LSCs and the oxidative damage to HSCs under pro-oxidative therapy. An in-depth investigation into the oxidative stress status and regulatory mechanisms of LSCs and HSCs in hypoxic environments will promote our understanding of the survival strategy employed by LSCs and the mechanism of the oxidative damage to HSCs in the BM niche, thus facilitating individualized treatment of leukemia patients and helping eliminate LSCs without disturbing normal hematopoietic cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kou L, Jiang X, Huang H, Lin X, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Chen R. The role of transporters in cancer redox homeostasis and cross-talk with nanomedicines. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:145-157. [PMID: 32373196 PMCID: PMC7193452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell usually exhibits high levels of reactive oxygen species and adaptive antioxidant system due to the metabolic, genetic, and microenvironment-associated alterations. The altered redox homeostasis can promote tumor progression, development, and treatment resistance. Several membrane transporters are involved in the resetting redox homeostasis and play important roles in tumor progression. Therefore, targeting the involved transporters to disrupt the altered redox balance emerges as a viable strategy for cancer therapy. In addition, nanomedicines have drawn much attention in the past decades. Using nanomedicines to target or reset the redox homeostasis alone or combined with other therapies has brought convincing data in cancer treatment. In this review, we will introduce the altered redox balance in cancer metabolism and involved transporters, and highlight the recent advancements of redox-modulating nanomedicines for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinlu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Youting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Corresponding author. Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou 325035, China. Tel: +86 18958969225
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Corresponding author. Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou 325027, China. Tel: +86 13806890233
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Potential Applications of NRF2 Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030193. [PMID: 32106613 PMCID: PMC7139512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulatory pathway plays an essential role in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative, electrophilic, and xenobiotic stress. By controlling the transactivation of over 500 cytoprotective genes, the NRF2 transcription factor has been implicated in the physiopathology of several human diseases, including cancer. In this respect, accumulating evidence indicates that NRF2 can act as a double-edged sword, being able to mediate tumor suppressive or pro-oncogenic functions, depending on the specific biological context of its activation. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that control NRF2 functions and the most appropriate context of its activation is a prerequisite for the development of effective therapeutic strategies based on NRF2 modulation. In line of principle, the controlled activation of NRF2 might reduce the risk of cancer initiation and development in normal cells by scavenging reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and by preventing genomic instability through decreased DNA damage. In contrast however, already transformed cells with constitutive or prolonged activation of NRF2 signaling might represent a major clinical hurdle and exhibit an aggressive phenotype characterized by therapy resistance and unfavorable prognosis, requiring the use of NRF2 inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the dual roles of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway in cancer promotion and inhibition, describing the mechanisms of its activation and potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of context-specific modulation of NRF2.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ilghami R, Barzegari A, Mashayekhi MR, Letourneur D, Crepin M, Pavon-Djavid G. The conundrum of dietary antioxidants in cancer chemotherapy. Nutr Rev 2019; 78:65-76. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although chemotherapy succeeds in reducing tumor burden, the efficacy is limited due to acquired drug resistance and often irreparable side effects. Studies show that antioxidants may influence the response to chemotherapy and its side effects, although their use remains controversial. The evidence shows that some chemo-drugs induce oxidative stress and lead to normal tissue apoptosis and the entry of cancer cells to a dormant G0 state. Through the suppression of oxidative stress, antioxidants could protect normal cells and bring the tumor out of dormancy so as to expose it to chemotherapies. This review is focused on the redox biology of cancer/normal cells and association of reactive oxygen species with drug resistance, cancer dormancy, and side effects. To this end, evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies is provided to better understand the conundrum of dietary antioxidants in cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Ilghami
- R. Ilghami and M. R. Mashayekhi are with the Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. A. Barzegari is with the Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. D. Letourneur, M. Crepin, and G. Pavon-Djavid are with the INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, C
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- R. Ilghami and M. R. Mashayekhi are with the Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. A. Barzegari is with the Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. D. Letourneur, M. Crepin, and G. Pavon-Djavid are with the INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, C
| | - Mohammad Reza Mashayekhi
- R. Ilghami and M. R. Mashayekhi are with the Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. A. Barzegari is with the Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. D. Letourneur, M. Crepin, and G. Pavon-Djavid are with the INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, C
| | - Didier Letourneur
- R. Ilghami and M. R. Mashayekhi are with the Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. A. Barzegari is with the Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. D. Letourneur, M. Crepin, and G. Pavon-Djavid are with the INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, C
| | - Michel Crepin
- R. Ilghami and M. R. Mashayekhi are with the Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. A. Barzegari is with the Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. D. Letourneur, M. Crepin, and G. Pavon-Djavid are with the INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, C
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- R. Ilghami and M. R. Mashayekhi are with the Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. A. Barzegari is with the Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. D. Letourneur, M. Crepin, and G. Pavon-Djavid are with the INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, C
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Label-Free Proteomics Revealed Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Factors That Enhance Chemoresistance in Luminal Breast Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5357649. [PMID: 31485295 PMCID: PMC6702830 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5357649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death among women worldwide. Its high mortality rate is related to resistance towards chemotherapies, which is one of the major challenges of breast cancer research. In this study, we used label-free mass spectrometry- (MS-) based proteomics to investigate the differences between circulating proteins in the plasma of patients with chemoresponsive and chemoresistant luminal A breast cancer. MS analysis revealed 205 differentially expressed proteins. Furthermore, we used in silico tools to build protein-protein interaction networks. Most of the upregulated proteins in the chemoresistant group were closely related and tightly linked. The predominant networks were related to oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and the complement cascade. Through this analysis, we identified inflammation and oxidative stress as central processes of breast cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, we confirmed our hypothesis by evaluating oxidative stress and performing cytokine profiling in our cohort. The connections among oxidative stress, inflammation, and the complement system described in our study seem to indicate a pivotal axis in breast cancer chemoresistance. Hence, these findings will have significant clinical implications for improving therapies to bypass breast cancer chemoresistance in the future.
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang Q, Deng H, Xia H, Xu M, Pan G, Mao J, Tao S, Yamanaka K, An Y. High NF-E2-related factor 2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Free Radic Res 2019; 54:790-798. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1642472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanyi Deng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixuan Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengchuan Xu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Guotao Pan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Mao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shasha Tao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
De Silva SF, Alcorn J. Flaxseed Lignans as Important Dietary Polyphenols for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E68. [PMID: 31060335 PMCID: PMC6630319 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer causes considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to the increasing cancer prevalence, bespeaking a need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Phytochemicals like plant polyphenols are generally considered to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, which explain their promotion for human health. The past several decades have contributed to a growing evidence base in the literature that demonstrate ability of polyphenols to modulate multiple targets of carcinogenesis linking models of cancer characteristics (i.e., hallmarks and nutraceutical-based targeting of cancer) via direct or indirect interaction or modulation of cellular and molecular targets. This evidence is particularly relevant for the lignans, an ubiquitous, important class of dietary polyphenols present in high levels in food sources such as flaxseed. Literature evidence on lignans suggests potential benefit in cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the relevant chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of dietary polyphenols and specifically focuses on the biological targets of flaxseed lignans. The consolidation of the considerable body of data on the diverse targets of the lignans will aid continued research into their potential for use in combination with other cancer chemotherapies, utilizing flaxseed lignan-enriched natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Franklyn De Silva
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (SK), S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fouani L, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Targeting Oncogenic Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling with Redox-Active Agents for Cancer Treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1096-1123. [PMID: 29161883 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling is essential under physiologically relevant conditions. However, aberrant activation of this pathway plays a pertinent role in tumorigenesis and contributes to resistance. Recent Advances: The importance of the NF-κB pathway means that its targeting must be specific to avoid side effects. For many currently used therapeutics and those under development, the ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a promising strategy. CRITICAL ISSUES As cancer cells exhibit greater ROS levels than their normal counterparts, they are more sensitive to additional ROS, which may be a potential therapeutic niche. It is known that ROS are involved in (i) the activation of NF-κB signaling, when in sublethal amounts; and (ii) high levels induce cytotoxicity resulting in apoptosis. Indeed, ROS-induced cytotoxicity is valuable for its capabilities in killing cancer cells, but establishing the potency of ROS for effective inhibition of NF-κB signaling is necessary. Indeed, some cancer treatments, currently used, activate NF-κB and may stimulate oncogenesis and confer resistance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Thus, combinatorial approaches using ROS-generating agents alongside conventional therapeutics may prove an effective tactic to reduce NF-κB activity to kill cancer cells. One strategy is the use of thiosemicarbazones, which form redox-active metal complexes that generate high ROS levels to deliver potent antitumor activity. These agents also upregulate the metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), which functions as an NF-κB signaling inhibitor. It is proposed that targeting NF-κB signaling may proffer a new therapeutic niche to improve the efficacy of anticancer regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Fouani
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Spengler G, Gajdács M, Marć MA, Domínguez-Álvarez E, Sanmartín C. Organoselenium Compounds as Novel Adjuvants of Chemotherapy Drugs-A Promising Approach to Fight Cancer Drug Resistance. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020336. [PMID: 30669343 PMCID: PMC6359065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant diseases present a serious public health burden and their treatment with traditional chemotherapy cannot be considered an all-round solution, due to toxic side effects. Selenium compounds (Se-compounds) have received substantial attention in medicinal chemistry, especially in experimental chemotherapy, both as cytotoxic agents and adjuvants in chemotherapy. A checkerboard microplate method was applied to study the drug interactions of Se-compounds and clinically relevant chemotherapeutic drugs against the multidrug-resistant (MDR) subtype of mouse t-lymphoma cells overexpressing the ABCB1 transporter. Se-compounds showed synergistic interactions with chemotherapeutic agents targeting the topoisomerase enzymes or the microtubule apparatus. The ketone-containing selenoesters showed synergism at lower concentrations (1.25 µM). Most of the tested compounds interacted antagonistically with alkylating agents and verapamil. A thiophene-containing Se-compound showed synergism with all tested drugs, except cisplatin. While the exact mechanism of drug interactions is yet unknown, the potency of the selenocompounds as efflux pump inhibitors or the potentiation of their efficacy as reactive oxygen species modulators may play a role in their complementary activity against the tested MDR lymphoma cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Małgorzata Anna Marć
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Enrique Domínguez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Involvement of α-methylene-γ- and δ-lactones in the suppression of multidrug resistance in MCF-7 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:631-638. [PMID: 29886368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of multidrug resistance to chemotherapy remains a challenge in the treatment of cancer and is a major factor causing failure of many forms of chemotherapy. The ATP binding cassette (ABC) family of proteins are efflux pumps that transport various potentially dangerous substances out of the cells. Several of the ABC transporters are related to chemoresistance, as the rapidly dividing malignant cells use them to protect themselves from medical interventions. Inhibitors of ABC transporters have the potential to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Two new synthetic compounds, AD-06 and AD-013, were tested as possible multidrug resistance inhibitors in MCF-7 cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity of new compounds was tested in MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines using the MTT method. Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR and changes in the protein levels were evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISA. A method based on the use of a fluorescent dye, being a marker of the ABC transporter activity, was used for screening the tested compounds as potential multidrug resistance inhibitors. RESULTS AD-06 and AD-013 down-regulated NF-κB mRNA levels and decreased the population of cells with activated NF-κB. Both compounds were found to be strong ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporter inhibitors. They showed synergistic effects when incubated with taxol or oxaliplatin. CONCLUSIONS α-Methylene-γ- and -δ-lactones AD-06 and AD-013 are promising lead structures for further development as multidrug resistance inhibitors.
Collapse
|
44
|
Vidal RS, Quarti J, Rodrigues MF, Rumjanek FD, Rumjanek VM. Metabolic Reprogramming During Multidrug Resistance in Leukemias. Front Oncol 2018; 8:90. [PMID: 29675398 PMCID: PMC5895924 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer outcome has improved since introduction of target therapy. However, treatment success is still impaired by the same drug resistance mechanism of classical chemotherapy, known as multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. This phenotype promotes resistance to drugs with different structures and mechanism of action. Recent reports have shown that resistance acquisition is coupled to metabolic reprogramming. High-gene expression, increase of active transport, and conservation of redox status are one of the few examples that increase energy and substrate demands. It is not clear if the role of this metabolic shift in the MDR phenotype is related to its maintenance or to its induction. Apart from the nature of this relation, the metabolism may represent a new target to avoid or to block the mechanism that has been impairing treatment success. In this mini-review, we discuss the relation between metabolism and MDR resistance focusing on the multiple non-metabolic functions that enzymes of the glycolytic pathway are known to display, with emphasis with the diverse activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Silveira Vidal
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia Quarti
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Franklin D Rumjanek
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian M Rumjanek
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Targeting Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage Response in Cancer: Opportunities for Novel Cancer Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2389523. [PMID: 29770165 PMCID: PMC5892224 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2389523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a death cause in economically developed countries that results growing also in developing countries. Improved outcome through targeted interventions faces the scarce selectivity of the therapies and the development of resistance to them that compromise the therapeutic effects. Genomic instability is a typical cancer hallmark due to DNA damage by genetic mutations, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ionizing radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents. DNA lesions can induce and/or support various diseases, including cancer. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a crucial signaling-transduction network that promotes cell cycle arrest or cell death to repair DNA lesions. DDR dysregulation favors tumor growth as downregulated or defective DDR generates genomic instability, while upregulated DDR may confer treatment resistance. Redox homeostasis deeply and capillary affects DDR as ROS activate/inhibit proteins and enzymes integral to DDR both in healthy and cancer cells, although by different routes. DDR regulation through modulating ROS homeostasis is under investigation as anticancer opportunity, also in combination with other treatments since ROS affect DDR differently in the patients during cancer development and treatment. Here, we highlight ROS-sensitive proteins whose regulation in oxidatively induced DDR might allow for selective strategies against cancer that are better tailored to the patients.
Collapse
|
46
|
Fu Z, Han X, Du J, Han X, Liu W, Shao S, Liu X. Euphorbia lunulata extract acts on multidrug resistant gastric cancer cells to inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, arrest cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:8-17. [PMID: 28811220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The milky sap or the aboveground part of the plant Euphorbia lunulata has long been used by Chinese people to treat noncancerous growths and cancerous ailments but the specific mode of action and the action mechanism remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of Euphorbia lunulata extract on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of multidrug resistant human gastric cancer cells; To study the mechanism of apoptosis induction by Euphorbia lunulata extract in multidrug resistant human gastric cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aboveground part of fresh Euphorbia lunulata plant was extracted first with ethanol and then with n-hexane. The aseptic extract at varying concentrations was used to treat the multidrug resistant human gastric cancer SGC7901/ADR cells. After treatment, the inhibition of cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. The inhibitions of cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell method. The alteration of cell cycle progression was studied by flow cytometry. The morphological changes of cell nuclei were observed with fluorescence microscopy following Hoechst 33258 staining and the apoptotic indexes were calculated. The activation of caspase enzymes was analyzed by spectrophotometry. The sub-cellular distribution of cytochrome complex and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were determined by Western blot. RESULTS The proliferation, migration, and invasion of SGC7901/ADR cells were significantly inhibited by Euphorbia lunulata extract, which showed time- and dose-dependent manners. Cell cycle was arrested in G2/M phase. Significant apoptotic morphological changes were observed in the nuclei of the treated cells, and apoptotic indexes were increased significantly; these changes were diminished when Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor, was also presented. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were increased. The sub-cellular distribution of cytochrome complex was altered----reduced in the mitochondria and increased in the cytoplasm. The expression of Bax was upregulated, while that of Bcl-2 was downregulated. CONCLUSION Euphorbia lunulata extract inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SGC7901/ADR cells, arrested cell cycle progression, and induced cell apoptosis; the mechanism of apoptosis induction involved both the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Fu
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China; Institute of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China; Institute of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Juan Du
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China; Institute of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Weipeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Shumei Shao
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Shaanxi Province 716000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Norouzi-Barough L, Sarookhani MR, Sharifi M, Moghbelinejad S, Jangjoo S, Salehi R. Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4546-4562. [PMID: 29152737 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy among the gynecological cancers, with a 5-year survival rate, mainly due to being diagnosed at advanced stages, recurrence and resistance to the current chemotherapeutic agents. Drug resistance is a complex phenomenon and the number of known involved genes and cross-talks between signaling pathways in this process is growing rapidly. Thus, discovering and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in chemo-resistance are crucial for management of treatment and identifying novel and effective drug targets as well as drug discovery to improve therapeutic outcomes. In this review, the major and recently identified molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in ovarian cancer from relevant literature have been investigated. In the final section of the paper, new approaches for studying detailed mechanisms of chemo-resistance have been briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Norouzi-Barough
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Moghbelinejad
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetic, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saranaz Jangjoo
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cen J, Zheng B, Bai R, Zhang L, Zhang F, Zhang X. Triterpenoids from Aglaia abbreviata exert cytotoxicity and multidrug resistant reversal effect in MCF-7/ADM cells via reactive oxygen species induction and P-glycoprotein inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69465-69476. [PMID: 29050217 PMCID: PMC5642492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids from the Aglaia have been shown cytotoxicity on a broad spectrum of human tumor cells. In the present study, we extracted triterpenoids AA-5 (1) and AA-6 (2) from stems of Aglaia abbreviata, and studied their cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant (MDR) MCF-7/ADM cells. After 48 h treatment, AA-5 (1) and AA-6 (2) significantly increased mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) with depressed mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-9 activities. The drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the intracellular antioxidant systems, involving Glutathione S-Transferase π, Glutathione and heme oxygenase-1, were also inhibited via the ROS-depressed Akt/NF-E2-related factor 2 pathway. Furthermore, 2 h-treatment of AA-6 (2) at non-toxic concentrations exhibited MDR reversal effects with no alteration on P-gp expression but increased drug accumulation ability. AA-6 alos demonstrated synergetic effects with classic anti-tumor agents. Moreover, computational modeling studies showed that AA-6 (2) might bind to the modulator site on P-gp and act as an inhibitor, not a substrate of P-gp. Therefore, AA-5 (1) and AA-6 (2) may be effective anti-tumor and reversal agents for the further development of therapeutics against MDR breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Rubing Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Milkovic L, Zarkovic N, Saso L. Controversy about pharmacological modulation of Nrf2 for cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2017; 12:727-732. [PMID: 28411557 PMCID: PMC5393166 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional anticancer therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapies are associated with oxidative stress generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive aldehydes like 4-hydroxynonenal in cancer cells that govern them to die. The main mechanism activated due to exposure of the cell to these reactive species is the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Although Nrf2 was firstly perceived as a tumor suppressor that inhibits tumor initiation and cancer metastasis, more recent data reveal its role also as a pro-oncogenic factor. Discovery of the upregulation of Nrf2 in different types of cancer supports such undesirable pathophysiological roles of Nrf2. The upregulation of Nrf2 leads to activation of cytoprotective genes thus helping malignant cells to withstand high levels of ROS and to avoid apoptosis, eventually becoming resistant to conventional anticancer therapy. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed for eradication of cancer and in this review, we will explore two opposing approaches for modulation of Nrf2 in cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Milkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Long-Term Alteration of Reactive Oxygen Species Led to Multidrug Resistance in MCF-7 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7053451. [PMID: 28058088 PMCID: PMC5183793 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7053451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in multidrug resistance (MDR). This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term ROS alteration on MDR in MCF-7 cells and to explore its underlying mechanism. Our study showed both long-term treatments of H2O2 and glutathione (GSH) led to MDR with suppressed iROS levels in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the MDR cells induced by 0.1 μM H2O2 treatment for 20 weeks (MCF-7/ROS cells) had a higher viability and proliferative ability than the control MCF-7 cells. MCF-7/ROS cells also showed higher activity or content of intracellular antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase (GPx), GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Importantly, MCF-7/ROS cells were characterized by overexpression of MDR-related protein 1 (MRP1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as their regulators NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α), and the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway in upstream. Moreover, several typical MDR mediators, including glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) and c-Myc and Protein Kinase Cα (PKCα), were also found to be upregulated in MCF-7/ROS cells. Collectively, our results suggest that ROS may be critical in the generation of MDR, which may provide new insights into understanding of mechanisms of MDR.
Collapse
|