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Rehbein S, Papadopoulos E, Arsenopoulos K, Kirkova Z, Iliev P, Rauh R, Fankhauser B. Efficacy of eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution administered pour on at 1 mg per kg body weight against Oestrus ovis myiasis in sheep and goats. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110144. [PMID: 38354457 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The larvae of the nasal bot, Oestrus ovis, mainly parasitize sheep and goats and some species of wild Caprinae but other mammals and humans are also vulnerable to infestation. Eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution (EPRINEX® Multi, Boehringer Ingelheim) administered at 1 mg eprinomectin per kg body weight pour on was recently authorized as an anthelmintic for sheep and goats with zero hours milk withdrawal in several countries in Europe. As the product in cattle has claims against a broad range of parasites including insect parasites and activity against O. ovis has previously been reported following extra-label use in sheep, its therapeutic efficacy against ovine and caprine O. ovis myiasis was evaluated in three regulatory compliant, masked clinical studies. Pre-study recovery of O. ovis larvae from five or six of six randomly selected animals per study site (Bulgaria, one site, sheep; Greece, two sites, sheep or goats) supported the inclusion of the animals from those sites into the studies. The study animals (34 animals per study) were ranked based on bodyweight and allocated randomly to remain untreated (control) or to be treated with eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution at 1 mL per 5 kg body weight pour on. Treatment efficacy was determined based on O. ovis larval counts of eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution-treated vs. untreated animals three weeks after treatment administration. Live O. ovis larvae, including all three instars in each study, were recovered from 13 or 16 of the 17 control animals in the sheep studies (range, 1 to 14 or 5 to 18 larvae, respectively) and from all 17 controls in the goat study (range, 7 to 18 larvae). In each study, eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution-treated animals had significantly (p < 0.001) fewer live O. ovis larvae than the controls. Efficacy of the treatment was 100% and 91.3% against the combined parasitic O. ovis larval stages in sheep and in goats, respectively. The treatment was well accepted by all animals and no health problems were observed throughout the studies. The results of these studies demonstrated eprinomectin 5 mg/mL topical solution administered pour on at 1 mL per 5 kg body weight to be an efficacious and safe treatment of ovine and caprine oestrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rehbein
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany.
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Aristotle University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arsenopoulos
- Aristotle University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zvezdelina Kirkova
- Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Iliev
- Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Renate Rauh
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
| | - Becky Fankhauser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA, Inc., 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA
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Garijo-Toledo MM, Sansano-Maestre J, Ahuir-Baraja AE, Martínez-Carrasco C, de Vega FDA, Llobat L, de Ybáñez-Carnero MRR. Prevalence of Oestrus ovis in small ruminants from the eastern Iberian Peninsula. A long-term study. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:330-338. [PMID: 36692351 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oestrus ovis is an obligate parasite that causes myiasis in domestic ruminants, being commonly found in the Mediterranean area. From 2009 to 2019 a total of 3476 heads of culling sheep and goats from the Mediterranean coast of Spain were examined for the presence of O. ovis. The total prevalence was 56.3%, significantly higher in sheep than in goats (61.2% and 43%, respectively). Differences were found in the mean annual prevalence, with the highest value being registered in 2018 (61.7%) and the lowest in 2012 (50.3%). Autumn, for sheep, and winter, for goats, were the seasons with the highest number of infested specimens. Temperature, but not rainfall, was found to be associated with prevalence (p < 0.05). Most L1 were found in the anatomic region I (septum, meatus, and ventral conchae), while L2 and L3 were mainly located in regions II (nasopharynx, ethmoid labyrinth, and dorsal conchae), and III (sinuses). The overall intensity was 12.8 larvae per head, significantly higher in sheep (13.3) than in goats (3.5). Our results confirm the high prevalence of O. ovis in sheep and goats in this geographic area over the last decade, with the trend increasing in recent years in association with higher mean temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Magdalena Garijo-Toledo
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Sansano-Maestre
- Department of Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Experimental Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Elena Ahuir-Baraja
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Carrasco
- Parasitology, Department Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Domingo Alonso de Vega
- Parasitology, Department Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lola Llobat
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Public Veterinary Health and Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez-Carnero
- Parasitology, Department Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as Agent of Myiasis in a Goose in Italy and a Review of Myiasis by This Species in Birds. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060542. [PMID: 35735879 PMCID: PMC9224840 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis is a type of parasitosis by larvae of Diptera that may affect vertebrates, including wild and domestic birds. Traumatic myiasis was discovered in a domestic goose, Anser anser domesticus L. (Anseriformes: Anatidae), in June 2020 in a rural area of the region Calabria (Southern Italy). The myiasis was caused by Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). In Italy, this was the first case of myiasis by L. sericata ever described in a bird. It was also the first case of myiasis detected in a goose in Italy. The description of the case is integrated by a discussion on nonhematophagous dipteran larvae causing myiasis in birds and by an updated and detailed review of literature cases of myiasis by L. sericata in birds reported worldwide, useful for monitoring and management of dipteran species of medical and veterinary interest.
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Brini C, Nguon B, Miglietta E, Sala L, Acutis PL, Riina MV, Rossi L, Serusi E, Gervasio CF, Tamponi C, Scala A, Varcasia A. Rhinomyiasis by Oestrus ovis in a tourist returning from Corsica. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:10.1007/s00436-019-06508-2. [PMID: 31712894 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean basin, one of the most important agents of myiasis is Oestrus ovis Linnaeus 1758 (Diptera, Oestridae). Herein, we report a rare case of nasal myiasis with a secondary infection complication in a patient from northern Italy who had been visiting Corsica. A healthy, 39-year-old Italian woman spent 2 weeks of vacation in Corsica in June 2018. During her stay, she suddenly felt a foreign body inside her nose, followed by cough, pain, burning at the pharyngeal level, cephalalgia, and nasal congestion with secretions from the nostrils. The clinical examination showed a hyperemic and irritated mucosa and endoscopic examination of the patient's nose and right maxillary sinus revealed three tiny mobile larvae, morphologically and molecular identified as L1 instar larvae of Oestrus ovis. The patient's infestation was probably imported from Corsica, as Mediterranean islands are ideal geographical areas for the development of O. ovis, and the timing of infestation match with the period of O. ovis larviposition. Although rhinomyiasis is rare, it should be considered in people returning from abroad presenting with an acute-onset and foreign body sensation in the nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brini
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione ASLBI, Biella, Italy
| | - B Nguon
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione ASLBI, Biella, Italy
| | - E Miglietta
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione ASLBI, Biella, Italy
| | - L Sala
- Dipartimento di Prevenzione ASLBI, Biella, Italy
| | - P L Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - M V Riina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - L Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - E Serusi
- Reparto di Otorino-laringoiatria, ASLBI, Biella, Ponderano, BI, Italy
| | - C F Gervasio
- Reparto di Otorino-laringoiatria, ASLBI, Biella, Ponderano, BI, Italy
| | - C Tamponi
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Parassitologia Veterinaria, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Scala
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Parassitologia Veterinaria, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Varcasia
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Parassitologia Veterinaria, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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