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Liu C, Tang J, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Lin J, Wu S, Han J, Liu Z, Wu C, Zhuo Y, Li Y. Intracellular Zn 2+ promotes extracellular matrix remodeling in dexamethasone-treated trabecular meshwork. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1293-C1307. [PMID: 38525543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00725.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Given the widespread application of glucocorticoids in ophthalmology, the associated elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) has long been a vexing concern for clinicians, yet the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Much of the discussion focuses on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of trabecular meshwork (TM). It is widely agreed that glucocorticoids impact the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leading to ECM deposition. Since Zn2+ is vital for MMPs, we explored its role in ECM alterations induced by dexamethasone (DEX). Our study revealed that in human TM cells treated with DEX, the level of intracellular Zn2+ significantly decreased, accompanied by impaired extracellular Zn2+ uptake. This correlated with changes in several Zrt-, Irt-related proteins (ZIPs) and metallothionein. ZIP8 knockdown impaired extracellular Zn2+ uptake, but Zn2+ chelation did not affect ZIP8 expression. Resembling DEX's effects, chelation of Zn2+ decreased MMP2 expression, increased the deposition of ECM proteins, and induced structural disarray of ECM. Conversely, supplementation of exogenous Zn2+ in DEX-treated cells ameliorated these outcomes. Notably, dietary zinc supplementation in mice significantly reduced DEX-induced IOP elevation and collagen content in TM, thereby rescuing the visual function of the mice. These findings underscore zinc's pivotal role in ECM regulation, providing a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of glaucoma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study explores zinc's pivotal role in mitigating extracellular matrix dysregulation in the trabecular meshwork and glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension. We found that in human trabecular meshwork cells treated with dexamethasone, intracellular Zn2+ significantly decreased, accompanied by impaired extracellular Zn2+ uptake. Zinc supplementation rescues visual function by modulating extracellular matrix proteins and lowering intraocular pressure, offering a direction for further exploration in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiahui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Jicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Siting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Caiqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouChina
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Main Cations and Cellular Biology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162503. [PMID: 36010579 PMCID: PMC9406880 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury is a life-changing condition with a significant socio-economic impact on patients, their relatives, their caregivers, and even the community. Despite considerable medical advances, there is still a lack of options for the effective treatment of these patients. The major complexity and significant disabling potential of the pathophysiology that spinal cord trauma triggers are the main factors that have led to incremental scientific research on this topic, including trying to describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate spinal cord repair and regeneration. Scientists have identified various practical approaches to promote cell growth and survival, remyelination, and neuroplasticity in this part of the central nervous system. This review focuses on specific detailed aspects of the involvement of cations in the cell biology of such pathology and on the possibility of repairing damaged spinal cord tissue. In this context, the cellular biology of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium is essential for understanding the related pathophysiology and also the possibilities to counteract the harmful effects of traumatic events. Lithium, sodium, potassium—monovalent cations—and calcium and magnesium—bivalent cations—can influence many protein–protein interactions, gene transcription, ion channel functions, cellular energy processes—phosphorylation, oxidation—inflammation, etc. For data systematization and synthesis, we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) methodology, trying to make, as far as possible, some order in seeing the “big forest” instead of “trees”. Although we would have expected a large number of articles to address the topic, we were still surprised to find only 51 unique articles after removing duplicates from the 207 articles initially identified. Our article integrates data on many biochemical processes influenced by cations at the molecular level to understand the real possibilities of therapeutic intervention—which must maintain a very narrow balance in cell ion concentrations. Multimolecular, multi-cellular: neuronal cells, glial cells, non-neuronal cells, but also multi-ionic interactions play an important role in the balance between neuro-degenerative pathophysiological processes and the development of effective neuroprotective strategies. This article emphasizes the need for studying cation dynamics as an important future direction.
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Zirak A, Soleimani M, Jameie SB, Abdollahifar MA, Fadaei Fathabadi F, Hassanzadeh S, Esmaeilzadeh E, Farjoo MH, Norouzian M. Related Fluoxetine and Methylprednisolone Changes of TNF-α and IL-6 Expression in The Hypothyroidism Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:763-771. [PMID: 34979066 PMCID: PMC8753107 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical condition that leads to disability. Following primary injury, pro-
inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the subsequent secondary events. The thyroid hormone (TH) is known
as the modulator of inflammatory cytokines and acts as a neuroprotective agent. Methylprednisolone (MP) is used
for the early treatment of SCI. Fluoxetine (FLX), also is known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), has
therapeutic potential in neurological disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the combined effects of
MP and FLX on SCI in the rat hypothyroidism (hypo) model. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats with hypothyroidism were randomly divided
into 6 groups (n=8/group): control (Hypo), Hypo+Surgical sham, Hypo+SCI, Hypo+SCI+MP, Hypo+SCI+FLX, and
Hypo+SCI+MP+FLX. SCI was created using an aneurysm clip and Hypothyroidism was induced by 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil
(PTU) at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day administered intraperitoneally. Following SCI induction, rats received MP and FLX
treatments via separate intraperitoneal injections at a dose of 30 and 10 mg/kg/day respectively on the surgery day
and FLX continued daily for 3 weeks. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6
(IL-6) were quantified by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Myelination and glutathione
(GSH) levels were analyzed by Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining and ELISA respectively.
Results Following combined MP and FLX treatments, the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 significantly decreased
and GSH level considerably increased in the trial animals.
Conclusion Our results show the neuroprotective effects of MP and FLX with better results in Hypo+SCI+MP+FLX
group. Further study is required to identify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Zirak
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabadi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Hassanzadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Skull Base Research Center, Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hadi Farjoo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Norouzian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang D, Zhu D, Wang F, Zhu JC, Zhai X, Yuan Y, Li CX. Therapeutic effect of regulating autophagy in spinal cord injury: a network meta-analysis of direct and indirect comparisons. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1120-1132. [PMID: 31823893 PMCID: PMC7034290 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increasing number of studies indicate that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury, and that regulating autophagy can enhance recovery from spinal cord injury. However, the effect of regulating autophagy and whether autophagy is detrimental or beneficial after spinal cord injury remain unclear. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the effects of autophagy regulation on spinal cord injury in rats by direct and indirect comparison, in an effort to provide a basis for further research. DATA SOURCE Relevant literature published from inception to February 1, 2018 were included by searching Wanfang, CNKI, Web of Science, MEDLINE (OvidSP), PubMed and Google Scholar in English and Chinese. The keywords included "autophagy", "spinal cord injury", and "rat". DATA SELECTION The literature included in vivo experimental studies on autophagy regulation in the treatment of spinal cord injury (including intervention pre- and post-spinal cord injury). Meta-analyses were conducted at different time points to compare the therapeutic effects of promoting or inhibiting autophagy, and subgroup analyses were also conducted. OUTCOME MEASURE Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores. RESULTS Of the 622 studies, 33 studies of median quality were included in the analyses. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were higher at 1 day (MD = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.81-2.79, P = 0.0004), 3 days (MD = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.72-1.13, P < 0.00001), 1 week (MD = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.85-2.92, P < 0.00001), 2 weeks (MD = 3.26, 95% CI: 2.40-4.13, P < 0.00001), 3 weeks (MD = 3.13, 95% CI: 2.51-3.75, P < 0.00001) and 4 weeks (MD = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.43-3.92, P < 0.00001) after spinal cord injury with upregulation of autophagy compared with the control group (drug solvent control, such as saline group). Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores were higher at 1 day (MD = 6.48, 95% CI: 5.83-7.13, P < 0.00001), 2 weeks (MD = 2.43, 95% CI: 0.79-4.07, P = 0.004), 3 weeks (MD = 2.96, 95% CI: 0.09-5.84, P = 0.04) and 4 weeks (MD = 4.41, 95% CI: 1.08-7.75, P = 0.01) after spinal cord injury with downregulation of autophagy compared with the control group. Indirect comparison of upregulation and downregulation of autophagy showed no differences in Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores at 1 day (MD = -4.68, 95% CI: -5.840 to -3.496, P = 0.94644), 3 days (MD = -0.28, 95% CI: -2.231-1.671, P = 0.99448), 1 week (MD = 1.83, 95% CI: 0.0076-3.584, P = 0.94588), 2 weeks (MD = 0.81, 95% CI: -0.850-2.470, P = 0.93055), 3 weeks (MD = 0.17, 95% CI: -2.771-3.111, P = 0.99546) or 4 weeks (MD = -1.23, 95% CI: -4.647-2.187, P = 0.98264) compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Regulation of autophagy improves neurological function, whether it is upregulated or downregulated. There was no difference between upregulation and downregulation of autophagy in the treatment of spinal cord injury. The variability in results among the studies may be associated with differences in research methods, the lack of clearly defined autophagy characteristics after spinal cord injury, and the limited autophagy monitoring techniques. Thus, methods should be standardized, and the dynamic regulation of autophagy should be examined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Xi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Melatonin Enhances Autophagy and Reduces Apoptosis to Promote Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Cord Injury via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2019. [PMID: 31325156 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02838-w.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to neuronal death resulting in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction; however, the pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Melatonin (MT), a hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland, is associated with neuroprotective effects against SCI. Enhanced autophagy can promote the recovery of locomotor function and reduce apoptosis after SCI. Interestingly, MT increases autophagy in SCI in vivo. Nevertheless, the ability of MT to increase autophagy and decrease apoptosis, and the potential effects on the recovery of motor neurons in the anterior horn after SCI remain to be clarified. In this study, we discovered that MT treatment improved motor function recovery in a rat SCI model. Indeed, MT upregulated the expression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while expression of protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was downregulated after SCI. Additionally, MT increased the expression of autophagy-activating proteins, while the expression of apoptosis-activating proteins in neurons was decreased following SCI. Furthermore, autophagy was inhibited, while apoptosis was induced in SCI model rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary neurons by treatment with MT, the PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin (Rapa). Collectively, our results suggest that MT can improve the recovery of locomotor function by enhancing autophagy as well as reducing apoptosis after SCI in rats, probably via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Li Y, Guo Y, Fan Y, Tian H, Li K, Mei X. Melatonin Enhances Autophagy and Reduces Apoptosis to Promote Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Cord Injury via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2007-2019. [PMID: 31325156 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to neuronal death resulting in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction; however, the pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Melatonin (MT), a hormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland, is associated with neuroprotective effects against SCI. Enhanced autophagy can promote the recovery of locomotor function and reduce apoptosis after SCI. Interestingly, MT increases autophagy in SCI in vivo. Nevertheless, the ability of MT to increase autophagy and decrease apoptosis, and the potential effects on the recovery of motor neurons in the anterior horn after SCI remain to be clarified. In this study, we discovered that MT treatment improved motor function recovery in a rat SCI model. Indeed, MT upregulated the expression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while expression of protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was downregulated after SCI. Additionally, MT increased the expression of autophagy-activating proteins, while the expression of apoptosis-activating proteins in neurons was decreased following SCI. Furthermore, autophagy was inhibited, while apoptosis was induced in SCI model rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary neurons by treatment with MT, the PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin (Rapa). Collectively, our results suggest that MT can improve the recovery of locomotor function by enhancing autophagy as well as reducing apoptosis after SCI in rats, probably via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.,Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yue Fan
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Kuo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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Vidal PM, Ulndreaj A, Badner A, Hong J, Fehlings MG. Methylprednisolone treatment enhances early recovery following surgical decompression for degenerative cervical myelopathy without compromise to the systemic immune system. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:222. [PMID: 30081922 PMCID: PMC6080373 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is caused by degenerative or congenital changes to the discs and soft tissues of the cervical spine, which leads to chronic compression of the spinal cord. The current treatment for moderate to severe DCM consists of surgical decompression, which, while effective in most cases, can result in neuroinflammation and spinal cord reperfusion injury, leading to perioperative neurological complications and suboptimal neurological recovery. The primary objective of this study was to assess, in a translationally relevant animal model of DCM, the efficacy of perioperative methylprednisolone (MP) in enhancing neurological recovery and to evaluate its effect on the inflammatory response following decompression. Methods DCM was induced in C57BL/6 mice. Briefly, an aromatic polyether material was implanted underneath the C5-C6 laminae to cause progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord due to focal ossification. Decompressive surgery was undertaken at 12 weeks post initial biomaterial implantation. Animals received one dose of MP (30 mg/kg) or vehicle 30 min before decompression and at 2 weeks after decompression. Acute analysis of secreted cytokines and spinal cord microvasculature was complemented with immunohistochemistry for glial and neuronal cell markers. Locomotor outcomes were measured using the CatWalk system. The composition of circulating white blood cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results A single dose of MP before decompression significantly sped locomotor recovery (*p < 0.05) and reduced the incidence of perioperative motor complications, without affecting the composition of circulating white blood cells. Histological assessment of the spinal cord showed significant neuronal preservation and a modest reduction in parenchymal inflammation. Conclusions Our data suggest that MP reduces perioperative neurological complications following decompressive surgery for DCM by protecting neurons from inflammation, without compromising the composition of circulating immune cells. We propose that MP, which is commonly used for neurological disorders including spinal cord injury, be considered as a perioperative adjunct to decompressive surgery to attenuate neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Vidal
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antigona Ulndreaj
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Badner
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Head, Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Wang H, Liu C, Mei X, Cao Y, Guo Z, Yuan Y, Zhao Z, Song C, Guo Y, Shen Z. Berberine attenuated pro-inflammatory factors and protect against neuronal damage via triggering oligodendrocyte autophagy in spinal cord injury. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98312-98321. [PMID: 29228691 PMCID: PMC5716731 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine exerts neuroprotective effect in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration disease. However, berberine effect in acute spinal cord injury is yet to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of berberine in spinal cord injury (SCI). Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to SCI by an intraperitoneal injection of berberine post-injury. The neurobehavioral recovery, cytokines of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β), autophagy-related proteins (LC3B, ATG16L, ATG7), and apoptosis-related protein cleaved caspase-3 were determined. The expressions of 2', 3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), marker of oligodendrocyte, autophagy-related proteins ATG5 and neurons at the ventral horn were assessed. In vitro, the contents of the pro-inflammatory factors, TNF-α and IL-1β, were detected in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated primary spinal neuron. Berberine significantly improved the neurobehavior BBB score and attenuated the cytokines of pro-inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid post-SCI. In addition, berberine upregulated CNPase positive oligodendrocyte expressing ATG5, promoted neuronal survival and reduced the cleaved caspase-3 expression after SCI. In primary spinal neuron, the LPS-induced inflammatory factors could be reduced by berberine, whereas the autophagy inhibitor, 3-Methyladenine reverses the effect. Berberine attenuated inflammation of the injured spinal cord and reduced the neuronal apoptosis via triggering oligodendrocyte autophagy in order to promote neuronal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Zhanpeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yajiang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Changwei Song
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jinzhou City, Jinzhou City, PR China
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9
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Wang H, Mei X, Cao Y, Liu C, Zhao Z, Guo Z, Bi Y, Shen Z, Yuan Y, Guo Y, Song C, Bai L, Wang Y, Yu D. HMGB1/Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) does not aggravate inflammation but promote endogenous neural stem cells differentiation in spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10332. [PMID: 28871209 PMCID: PMC5583351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling is involved in a series of cell functions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Our study aimed to elucidate the effects of RAGE signaling on the neuronal recovery after SCI. In vivo, rats were subjected to SCI with or without anti-RAGE antibodies micro-injected into the lesion epicenter. We detected Nestin/RAGE, SOX-2/RAGE and Nestin/MAP-2 after SCI by Western blot or immunofluorescence (IF). We found that neural stem cells (NSCs) co-expressed with RAGE were significantly activated after SCI, while stem cell markers Nestin and SOX-2 were reduced by RAGE blockade. We found that RAGE inhibition reduced nestin-positive NSCs expressing MAP-2, a mature neuron marker. RAGE blockade does not improve neurobehavior Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scores; however, it damaged survival of ventral neurons via Nissl staining. Through in vitro study, we found that recombinant HMGB1 administration does not lead to increased cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β, while anti-RAGE treatment reduced cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β induced by LPS via ELISA. Meanwhile, HMGB1 increased MAP-2 expression, which was blocked after anti-RAGE treatment. Hence, HMGB1/RAGE does not exacerbate neuronal inflammation but plays a role in promoting NSCs differentiating into mature neurons in the pathological process of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Zhanpeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yunlong Bi
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jinzhou, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yajiang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Cangwei Song
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Liangjie Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University, Shenyang City, PR China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou City, PR China
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