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Sharma V, Bawaskar N, Bhat S, Kontham R, Chandorikar H, Ghodke S. Does enamel deproteinisation with 10% papain affect shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesives: a randomised controlled trial. J Orthod 2024:14653125241279461. [PMID: 39324437 DOI: 10.1177/14653125241279461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 10% papain as an enamel deproteinising agent on the shear bond strength (SBS) of three orthodontic adhesives: Transbond XT, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and Biofix. DESIGN Single-centre, double-blinded, split-mouth randomised controlled trial. SETTING Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India. PARTICIPANTS A total of 20 participants requiring bilateral premolar extraction for fixed orthodontic treatment in both the maxillary and mandibular arches were included in this study. METHODS In total, 80 premolars from the above-mentioned participants were divided into four groups as follows: group A: Transbond XT deproteinised with 10% papain gel; group B: Biofix deproteinised with 10% papain gel; group C: RMGIC deproteinised with 10% papain gel; and group D: Transbond XT without enamel deproteinisation as a control group-bonded as instructed by the manufacturer. After deproteinisation, brackets were bonded and after a follow-up period of 28 days, the teeth were extracted. The SBS was then measured using the Universal Testing Machine. The force needed to shear the bracket was documented, and bond strengths were subsequently calculated in megapascals (MPa). The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis and one-way ANOVA was performed to compare the mean SBS between the groups. Subsequently, pairwise comparisons were conducted using Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in SBS among all groups (P = 0.002). The SBS of TransXT with deproteinisation increased significantly compared with TransXT without deproteinisation (P = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between the SBS of TransXT without deproteinisation and RMGIC (P = 0.47) and Biofix (P = 0.39), both with deproteinisation. CONCLUSION The use of 10% papain for deproteinising enamel improved the SBS of all materials. Deproteinising improved the SBS of RMGIC and Biofix to the level of TransXT without deproteinisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Naval Bawaskar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Shweta Bhat
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Rakesh Kontham
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Harshal Chandorikar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - Swapnil Ghodke
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
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Qali M, Alsulaimani L, Alamer N, Alghamdi F, Alhazmi A, Masoud A. Effects of Thermocycling with Two Different Curing Techniques on Enamel Micro-Cracks Formation, Debonding, and Failure Modes of Ceramic Brackets: An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3765. [PMID: 39124430 PMCID: PMC11313185 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rise in popularity of ceramic braces for adults, the risk of enamel microcracks (EMCs) upon removal remains a significant drawback for both dental professionals and patients. Our study aimed to assess the effects of thermocycling, pre-curing, and co-curing techniques with different bonding agents on the enamel surface of teeth after the removal of ceramic brackets. We also examined the incidence, quantity, length, and direction of EMCs on tooth surfaces. Additionally, the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores and orthodontic bracket bond failure modes were evaluated and compared. The study divided 40 extracted upper canine teeth into ten groups for further analysis. Two groups had intact enamel as the negative control, while the remaining groups had orthodontic ceramic brackets bonded using different bonding agents and curing techniques. Thermocycling was performed in five groups, and ARI was assessed after debonding. The study findings were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in demonstrating the impact of curing techniques on EMCs and debonding outcomes. Seventh-generation bonding agents resulted in complete adhesive removal (ARI = 0). The microcracks' incidence, number, and length showed insignificant results. Differences in ARI between thermocycler and non-thermocycler samples were insignificant. Both co-curing and pre-curing techniques yielded comparable ARI results. This study highlights the importance of using advanced bonding agents to minimize enamel damage during ceramic bracket debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qali
- Department of Surgical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait
| | - Lujain Alsulaimani
- Dental Department, Al Baha Specialized Dental Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al Bahah 65525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nora Alamer
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal Alghamdi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80209, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anwar Alhazmi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dental College, University of Jazan, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Masoud
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Choi Y, Moon W, Manso AP, Park YS, Lim BS, Chung SH. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives and unpolymerized 3-dimensional printing materials on 3-dimensional-printed crowns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:663-670. [PMID: 38520414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of 3-dimensional (3D) printing techniques in fabricating crowns has increased the demand for bracket bonding onto these surfaces. The objective was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded onto 3D-printed crowns using primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives and 3D printing materials as orthodontic adhesives. METHODS A total of 160 crowns were printed with two 3D printing materials, DentaTOOTH (Asiga, Sydney, Australia) (group A) and NextDent C&B Micro Filled Hybrid (3D Systems, Soesterberg, Netherlands) (group N). Each group was randomly divided into 4 adhesive subgroups (n = 20): Transbond XT (for groups A [ATX] and N [NTX]; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), Ortho Connect (for groups A [AOC] and N [NOC]; GC Corporation., Tokyo, Japan), Orthomite LC (for groups A [AOM] and N [NOM]; Sun Medical, Co Ltd, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan), and unpolymerized liquid state of 3D printing resin (for groups A [AA] and N [NN]). SBS was measured with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The adhesive remnant index and the mode of failure were analyzed under the microscope. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of α = 0.05. RESULTS When used as adhesives (AA and NN), 3D printing materials showed no statistically significant difference in SBS compared with Transbond XT (ATX and NTX, respectively). In group N, NN showed a significantly higher SBS than primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives (NOC and NOM; P <0.001). Adhesive failures were only observed in primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives (AOC, NOC, AOM, and NOM). CONCLUSIONS Primer-incorporated orthodontic adhesives, as well as unpolymerized 3D printing materials employed as orthodontic adhesives on 3D-printed crowns, exhibited comparable bonding strength to Transbond XT without surface modification. Despite variations in adhesive-related factors, all measurements stayed within clinically acceptable ranges, highlighting the potential of these materials for orthodontic bonding on 3D-printed crowns, simplifying clinical procedures without compromising bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukyung Choi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonjoon Moon
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Adriana P Manso
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, Center for Future Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bum-Soon Lim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin Hye Chung
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jani B, Shah A, Shankar C, Revankar S, Shukla HS, Ramalingam K. Effectiveness of Different Etching Agents on Enamel Surface and Shear Bond Strength: An In Vitro Evaluation. Cureus 2024; 16:e54008. [PMID: 38694184 PMCID: PMC11062641 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Enamel etching is of utmost importance during the orthodontic bonding procedure. Phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and citric acid are used in specific concentrations to create surface irregularities on enamel surfaces, enhancing the bond strength of the orthodontic attachment. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the type of etchant for reliable orthodontic bracket bonding with minimal damage to the enamel surface. Aims and objectives This study aimed to investigate the morphological changes on the enamel surface after treatment with different surface etchants, assess the depth of penetration, and evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods One hundred and one extracted premolar teeth were used to investigate morphological changes on the enamel surface treated with 37% phosphoric acid, 11% hydrofluoric acid, and 20% citric acid. It was evaluated on a scanning electron microscope (Jeol Scientific Equipment, Jeol Limited, Akishima, Japan), and the SBS of brackets on enamel treated with different etching agents was evaluated using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (UTM; Instron Model: 5982, Universal Testing Systems, Norwood, MA). Group A had 60 test samples. Group B had 40 test samples. One control without any acid etching was used in both groups. Subgroup A1 (n = 30) was evaluated for surface characteristics of acid-etched enamel. Subgroup A2 was assessed for the penetration depth of various etchants. Group B (n = 40) was tested for SBS. The results were tabulated and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Post hoc Tukey HSD test and one-way analysis of variance were used to assess SBS and penetration depth of etchants (P ≤ 0.05). Pearson's correlation test was used to correlate SBS, etching pattern, and penetration depth. The chi-square test was used to test the frequency of types of etching patterns. Results Intergroup correlations between etching depth, etching pattern evaluated on SEM, and SBS evaluated on the UTM showed a high statistical correlation between etching depth & SBS, etching depth & etching pattern, and SBS & etching pattern between A1, A2, and group B (P ≤ 0.001). A highly significant negative correlation between SBS & etching pattern (P = 0.42) was observed among intra-group correlation. Non-significant correlations were found between etching depth & SBS and etching depth & etching pattern within the 20% citric acid etch group (P = 0.370 and 0.141, respectively). Conclusion Penetration depth obtained was highest with 11% hydrofluoric acid, followed by 37% phosphoric acid and 20% citric acid. In addition, 11% hydrofluoric acid showed the highest bond strength. Acid etching showed better penetration depth and bond strength than control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharvi Jani
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Alap Shah
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Chetan Shankar
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Siddharth Revankar
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Maratha Mandal's Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, IND
| | - Hetanshi S Shukla
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Hu Y, Gao J, Huang X, Li Y, Chen Z, Zhan D, Sano H, Carvalho RM, Fu J. The possibility of clinical bonding between metal/ceramic brackets to zirconia: in vitro study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1354241. [PMID: 38288261 PMCID: PMC10822958 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1354241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to assess the bond strength and durability of six bonding agents concerning their application to metal or ceramic brackets and zirconia. Materials and Methods: Six resin cement bonding agents (XT, XTS, RSBU, RGBU, SBPM, and GMP) were chosen for this investigation. Specimens were either stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h or subjected to 5,000 thermocycles before conducting a Shear Bond Strength (SBS) test. Statistical analysis of the SBS data was performed using three-way ANOVA and Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). The Adhesive Remnant Index was examined, and the debonding surface details on brackets and zirconia were observed. Results: For metal brackets, all groups demonstrated clinically acceptable bond strength, irrespective of storage conditions, except for the XT group. Regarding ceramic brackets, all groups displayed acceptable bond strength after 24 h of water storage. However, following thermocycling, a significant decrease in SBS was noted across all groups (p < 0.05), with SBPM exhibiting a higher bond strength. Three-way ANOVA analysis indicated that SBS values were notably influenced by each factor, and an interaction among the three independent variables was observed (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The reliable bond strength between ceramic brackets and zirconia was significantly lower after thermocycling compared to that of metal brackets and zirconia. SBPM exhibited consistent and robust bond strength between ceramic/metal brackets and zirconia across various storage conditions. Furthermore, the HEMA-free adhesive demonstrated a potentially more consistent bonding performance compared to the HEMA-containing adhesive employed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutong Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Desong Zhan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, The Second Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ricardo M. Carvalho
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jiale Fu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, The Second Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Gershater E, Griswold O, Talsania BE, Zhang Y, Chung CH, Zheng Z, Li C. Effects of Plasma Treatment on the Strength of Bonding to Ceramic Surfaces in Orthodontics-A Comprehensive Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1323. [PMID: 38002447 PMCID: PMC10669322 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, orthodontic treatment has been increasingly sought out by adults, many of whom have undergone restorative dental procedures that cover enamel. Because the characteristics of restorative materials differ from those of enamel, typical bonding techniques do not yield excellent restoration-bracket bonding strengths. Plasma treatment is an emerging surface treatment that could potentially improve bonding properties. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate currently available studies assessing the effect of plasma treatment on the shear bond strength (SBS) and failure mode of resin cement/composite on the surface of ceramic materials. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies, which were categorized by restorative material and plasma treatment types that were evaluated. It was determined that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment using helium and H2O gas was effective at raising the SBS of feldspathic porcelain to a bonding agent, while CAP treatment using helium gas might also be a potential treatment method for zirconia and other types of ceramics. More importantly, CAP treatment using helium has the potential for being carried out chairside due to its non-toxicity, low temperature, and short treatment time. However, because all the studies were conducted in vitro and not tested in an orthodontic setting, further research must be conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of specific plasma treatments in comparison to current orthodontic bonding treatments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gershater
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olivia Griswold
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brooke E. Talsania
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chun-Hsi Chung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Yaseen MS, Agha NF, Jasim R. Fluoridated orthodontic adhesives: Implications of release and recharge and their impact on shear bond strength in demineralized tooth surfaces. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2023; 17:142-148. [PMID: 38023799 PMCID: PMC10676534 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.40594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study measured fluoride release from a light-cured orthodontic adhesive resin (Vega type) at three time intervals (one day, one week, and one month), investigated the rechargeability of the resin, and assessed its impact on shear bond strength in demineralized tooth surfaces. Methods This study used 30 recently extracted upper premolar teeth to explore the effects of fluoride release over specific time intervals. The teeth underwent demineralization and were categorized into groups based on time intervals: one day, one week, and one month. Subgroups within each interval underwent fluoride recharging through fluoride varnish application. Fluoride release and shear bond strength were assessed after etching with phosphoric acid gel, applying the orthodontic adhesive, and curing. The samples were stored in deionized water. Fluoride quantification used a selective electrode, while shear bond strength assessment employed a universal testing machine. Finally, statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 22. Results The study found that after one month, the adhesive had the highest fluoride release and shear bond strength mean values. There were significant differences in fluoride release and shear bond strength between the various groups studied. Conclusion The application of fluoride varnish around the orthodontic bracket resulted in a positive effect on the shear bond strength of the bracket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sabah Yaseen
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of the Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Tallani S, Singla R, Singla N, Natarajan M, Kukkila J. Clinical performance of light-cured orthodontic adhesives for bonding brackets - an in-vitro study. F1000Res 2023; 12:1442. [PMID: 38264264 PMCID: PMC10804051 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.141328.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The dental profession is seeing a constant influx of new adhesive systems from manufacturers, each claiming to be more dependable than the last. This study assessed the bond strength and adhesive remnants of different light-cured adhesives used for bonding metal brackets to teeth. Methods 80 extracted maxillary premolars with the sound crown structure were acid etched and bonded with brackets on their buccal surfaces utilizing primer and light-cured adhesives into four equal groups, which are Transbond XT, Heliosit, Enlight, and Bracepaste. Shear bond strength (SBS) for de-bonding the brackets were evaluated with Instron- testing machine after 48 hours. The de-bonded samples' adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also measured. Results The maximum mean SBS was found for Transbond XT (12.91 ± 2.0 MPa), followed by Bracepaste (12.87 ± 1.59 MPa), Enlight (11.77 ± 1.87 MPa), and lowest for Heliosit (10.93 ± 1.71 MPa). According to the four point scale, adhesive remnant index (ARI), Transbond XT has the least adhesive residue left on the tooth, followed by Heliosit. Enlight and Bracepaste have a similar distribution of adhesive, with both having a maximum amount left. Conclusion It can be inferred that all groups involved demonstrated a satisfactory level of bond strength from a clinical perspective. Transbond XT is the preferred orthodontic adhesive over the other three adhesives due to its superior SBS and ARI properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Tallani
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ritesh Singla
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nishu Singla
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Madhumitha Natarajan
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jayaprakash Kukkila
- Department of Dental material, Biomaterials and Research center, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru, Yenepoya Group, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Abu Haimed T, Osama Filfilan R, Nazih Hassoubah M, Abou Neel EA, Bamashmous M. Cyclic shear fatigue of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using self-adhering flowable composites. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:834-840. [PMID: 38025604 PMCID: PMC10658384 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-adhering composites are claimed to bond to teeth without prior acid etching and bonding steps. This study aimed to evaluate the cyclic shear fatigue (CSF) of metal orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel using self-adhering flowable composites (Constic and VertiseTM Flow) in comparison with that of total-etch and self-etch adhesives. Materials and methods Twenty-five human premolars comprising 100 surfaces were randomly divided into four groups (n = 25): total-etch, self-etch, Constic, and VertiseTM Flow. A total of 10 surfaces were used per group for baseline static shear bond strength (SSBS) evaluation and 15 surfaces for CSF evaluation. Each tooth was treated with the four bonding agents. Both SSBS and CSF were evaluated using a universal testing machine. For CSF, the staircase method was used with an initial pulling load equivalent to 60% of the SSBS of each group for 1000 cycles or until failure. The adhesive remaining index (ARI) was evaluated for surviving samples using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis A one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the CSF data, and a chi-square test was used to analyze the ARI. Results The total-etch adhesive showed significantly higher CSF values than that of the other groups (p < 0.001). Both total-etch (10.78 ± 0.31 MPa) and self-etch (6.75 ± 0.91 MPa) adhesives showed significantly higher CSF than did Constic (1.94 ± 0.31 MPa) and VertiseTM Flow (2.01 ± 0.25 MPa), (p < 0.001). The ARI indicated that more resin remnants were observed with the total-etch and self-etch adhesives than those with the self-adhering flowable composites. However, no significant differences were observed among groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Total-etch and self-etch adhesives showed satisfactory bond strengths for orthodontic treatment. However, Constic and VertiseTM Flow self-adhering flowable composites may not be clinically sufficient for bonding metallic orthodontic brackets to enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Abu Haimed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Osama Filfilan
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawadah Nazih Hassoubah
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ensanya A. Abou Neel
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Bamashmous
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Nawrocka A, Nowak J, Sauro S, Hardan L, Bourgi R, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Shear Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets Depending on Etching Protocol in Direct Bonding Technique. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6697. [PMID: 37895679 PMCID: PMC10608197 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Successful orthodontic therapy, apart from a proper treatment plan, depends on optimal bracket-enamel adhesion. Among numerous factors affecting adhesion, the type of bracket and preparation of the tooth's surface are crucial. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets to the enamel's surface using direct bonding. Forty extracted human premolars were divided into four groups according to the etching method (etch-and-rinse and self-etch) and bracket type. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were determined. The ceramic brackets achieved the highest SBS values both in the self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) protocols. Higher SBS values for ceramic and metallic brackets were found in the ER protocol. In all tested groups, the achieved SBS value was satisfactory to withstand orthodontic and occlusal forces. There was no significant difference in the ARI score between study groups (p = 0.71). The fracture occurred between the bracket base and adhesive material in both types of brackets, which decreased the risk of enamel damage during debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Nowak
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Mohammed RR, Rafeeq RA. Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of Chitosan Nanoparticles-Containing Orthodontic Primer: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:9246297. [PMID: 37577257 PMCID: PMC10415081 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9246297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study was intended to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles mixed with an orthodontic primer on the shear bond strength and bond failure of stainless steel brackets bonded to dental enamel. Methods Four concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) were prepared and mixed with Transbond™ XT primer. Forty-eight extracted maxillary first premolars were bonded under a standardized procedure with stainless steel orthodontic brackets utilizing those different concentrations (12 teeth per each group). After the bonding procedure, the specimens were stored in deionized water (37°C for 24 hr) and then thermocycling 5,000 times before shear bond testing, which was performed using a universal testing device. Bond failure sites were examined under a stereomicroscope. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were also performed to verify and evaluate the phase of the nanopowder. Results The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance) and Kruskal-Wallis H tests, and the findings revealed statistically nonsignificant group differences regarding the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (p > 0.05). Conclusions Primers containing varying concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated acceptable shear bonding strength and adhesive remnant index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawnaq R. Mohammed
- Master Student, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Al Najaf Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Reem A. Rafeeq
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Alsaadawi A, Felemban O, Nassar HM, Abdelbaki M. Shear Bond Strength and Fluoride Release of a Universal Adhesive: An In-Vitro Study on Primary Teeth. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2573. [PMID: 37048867 PMCID: PMC10095296 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to assess the shear bond strength and fluoride-releasing capabilities of Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Forty-four extracted primary molars were divided into two groups, and the enamel substrate was prepared for evaluating shear bond strength. Scotchbond (3M ESPE) and Clearfil UBQ were used to bond composite-to-enamel substrates in each group (n = 22). Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing device and compared. Sixteen discs (6 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness) were fabricated from each Clearfil UBQ, Fuji IX, and Fuji II LC. Over the course of 30 days, each materials' fluoride release was examined and compared using ion analysis. Results revealed that Clearfil UBQ had statistically similar shear bond strength to Scotchbond. Between the three materials, Clearfil UBQ had the lowest fluoride release at baseline (0.11 ± 0.25) and the lowest cumulative fluoride release (0.12-0.27 ppm) over 30 days. Fuji IX had the highest fluoride release at baseline (19.38 ± 2.50) and cumulatively (40.87 ± 4.03 ppm), followed by Fuji II LC. We conclude that Clearfil UBQ and Scotchbond showed comparable bond strengths to the enamel. Fluoride release was seen in Clearfil UBQ in the initial two days of the 30-day period. The amount of fluoride release was significantly less than with glass ionomer cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alsaadawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Felemban
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M. Nassar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat Abdelbaki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Prylińska-Czyżewska A, Maciejewska-Szaniec Z, Olszewska A, Polichnowska M, Grabarek BO, Dudek D, Sobański D, Czajka-Jakubowska A. Comparison of Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Onto the Tooth Enamel of 120 Freshly Extracted Adult Bovine Medial Lower Incisors Using 4 Adhesives: A Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Adhesive, a Composite Adhesive, a Liquid Composite Adhesive, and a One-Step Light-Cured Adhesive. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e938867. [PMID: 36540003 PMCID: PMC9791911 DOI: 10.12659/msm.938867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the bond strength of orthodontic brackets onto the tooth enamel of 120 freshly extracted adult bovine medial lower incisors using 4 adhesives: a resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive, a composite adhesive, a liquid composite adhesive, and a one-step light-cured adhesive. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group (120 freshly extracted bovine medial lower incisors) was divided into equal subgroups depending on the type of adhesive used to fix the brackets to the tooth enamel (n=30), and then according to the observation time (n=10). Orthodontic brackets were fixed onto the tooth enamel for 24 hours (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) using 4 types of adhesives: resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive Fuji Ortho LC, composite adhesive Transbond Plus Light Cure Band, flowable composite adhesive Transbond Supreme Low Viscosity, and a one-step light-cured adhesive GC Ortho Connect. Shear tests and fracture plane analyses were performed. RESULTS Statistically significant differences at time T1 were noted in the comparison of shear stress values when brackets were fixed with GC Ortho Connect adhesive compared to other adhesives (P<0.05), except for the Transbond Plus adhesive (P>0.05). At time T3, significant statistical differences occurred between GC Fuji Ortho LC and the other 3 adhesives (P<0.05). The fracture analysis showed that, regardless of the time function, adhesive-cohesive fractures without damage to the enamel were the most common for all the assessed materials. CONCLUSIONS Of the adhesives evaluated, GC Ortho Connect appears to be the most appropriate choice for bonding orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Prylińska-Czyżewska
- Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zofia Maciejewska-Szaniec
- Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aneta Olszewska
- Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Polichnowska
- Postgraduate School of Research Methodology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Dawid Sobański
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Czajka-Jakubowska
- Department of Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Disorders, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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Peloso RM, Cotrin P, Oliveira RCGD, Oliveira RCGD, Valarelli FP, Freitas KMS. Evaluation of enamel deproteinization in bond strength of orthodontic accessories: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:443-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hu B, Hu Y, Li X, Gao J, Sun R, Zhan D, Sano H, Fu J. Shear bond strength of different bonding agents to orthodontic metal bracket and zirconia. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:749-756. [PMID: 36070928 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of four bonding agents used to bond metal brackets to zirconia under different storage conditions. Four bonding agents were used [FLC: (Fuji ORTHO LC), XT: (TransbondTM XT), RUC-SBU: (Rely XTM Ultimate Clicker Adhesive Resin Cement+Single Bond Universal), and RUC-GBU: (Rely XTM Ultimate Clicker Adhesive Resin Cement+Gluma Bond Universal)] to bond two types of metal brackets (PT/3M) to zirconia surfaces, and they were stored in water at 37ºC for 24 h or thermocycling for 3,000 cycles. The SBS data of RUC-SBU and RUC-GBU using PT brackets were significantly higher than those of 3M brackets before and after thermocycling. It could be concluded that RUC-SBU and RUC-GBU could offer sufficient bond strength between metal brackets and zirconia for the short term compared with FLC and XT. The design of brackets can significantly affect the bond strength to zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Yichun Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Xiangyi Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Jiayang Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Ruitong Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Desong Zhan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Jiale Fu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
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Vattaparambil S, Shaloob M, Antony V, Roshan G, Parayaruthottam P, Odayappurath MJ. Influence of Primer Pre-curing and Co-curing on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Using Three Light-cure Adhesive Systems: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:900-906. [PMID: 37282997 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets with primer pre-curing and co-curing using three light cure adhesive systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, 102 extracted premolar teeth mounted on self-cure acrylic resin blocks were separated into six groups based on primer pre-curing and co-curing with each group receiving stainless steel orthodontic premolar brackets bonded to the buccal surfaces. The following adhesives were used: Transbond XT (3M Unitek, CA, USA), Orthofix (Anabond Stedman, India), and Enlight (Ormco, India). In the groups with pre-curing, the primer was pre-cured for 20 seconds while in the groups with co-curing, the primer and adhesive were cured together. Shear bond strength tests and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) were assessed followed by an scanning electron microscope (SEM) view (×3000) of the enamel surface after debonding. Statistical analysis was done using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. RESULTS The descriptive statistics in the pre-cured groups showed a statistically significant difference. The highest mean SBS was observed for group I, i.e., Transbond XT with primer pre-curing (20.56 ± 3.22 MPa). The lowest mean SBS was for group IV, i.e., Orthofix with primer co-curing (7.57 + 0.49 MPa). The results of ANOVA revealed a significant difference among the groups. The ARI scoring and the SEM analysis also confirmed this finding. CONCLUSION Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets with primer pre-curing showed a better bond strength than brackets with co-curing. The ARI data suggested that the majority of bracket failure happened at the resin-bracket interface. Scanning electron microscope analysis also confirmed the ARI and SBS findings. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE During the bonding of orthodontic brackets, the primer can be co-cured where the primer and adhesive resin are cured simultaneously or pre-cured where the primer is cured separately. Most orthodontic clinicians to save time co-cure primer. Both these methods affect the SBS of brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanamol Vattaparambil
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
| | - Muhamed Shaloob
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India, Phone: +91 9746277277, e-mail:
| | - Vincy Antony
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
| | - Gazanafer Roshan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India
| | - Prathapan Parayaruthottam
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Government Dental College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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Dual-functional adhesive containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate promoted enamel remineralization in a biofilm-challenged environment. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1518-1531. [PMID: 35907751 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cariogenic biofilm on enamel, restoration, and bonding interface is closely related to dental caries and composite restoration failure. Enamel remineralization at adhesive interface is conducive to protecting bonding interface and inhibiting secondary caries. This study intended to assess the remineralization efficiency of adhesive with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) on initial caries lesion of biofilm-coated enamel. METHODS Artificial initial carious lesion was created via 72-hour immersion in demineralization solution and cariogenic biofilm was formed after 24-hour culture of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Specimens were then divided into 4 groups: enamel control, enamel treated with NACP, DMAHDM and NACP+DMAHDM respectively. Samples next underwent 7-day cycling, 4 h in BHIS (brain heart infusion broth containing 1 % sucrose) and 20 h in AS (artificial saliva) per day. The pH of BHIS was tested daily. So did the concentration of calcium and phosphate in BHIS and AS. Live/dead staining, colony-forming unit (CFU) count, and lactic acid production of biofilms were measured 7 days later. The enamel remineralization efficiency was evaluated by microhardness testing and transverse microradiography (TMR) quantitatively. RESULTS Enamel of NACP+DMAHDM group demonstrated excellent remineralization effectiveness. And the NACP+DMAHDM adhesive released a great number of Ca2+ and PO43- ions, increased pH to 5.81 via acid neutralization, decreased production of lactic acid, and reduced CFU count of S. mutans (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The NACP+DMAHDM adhesive would be applicable to preventing secondary caries, strengthening enamel-adhesive interface, and extending the lifespan of composite restoration.
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Bracket Bonding to All-Ceramic Materials with Universal Adhesives. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031245. [PMID: 35161189 PMCID: PMC8839010 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The need for bracket bonding to ceramic restorations is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of universal adhesives on bracket adhesion to polished or glazed lithium disilicate (LDS) and monolithic zirconia (MZ) surfaces. One hundred and twenty brackets (N = 10) were bonded to either polished or glazed LDS (e.max CAD B32, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and MZ (In-Ceram® YZ, VITA, Bad Sackingen, Germany) blocks using three different adhesives combined with Transbond™ XT Paste (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). Tested universal adhesives were Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive (SU, 3M St. Paul, MN, USA) and Assure Plus (AP, Reliance, Itasca, IL, USA). Transbond™ XT Primer (XTP, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) served as a control adhesive. Bracket bond strength was measured in shear mode (SBS). Failure type was determined by the Modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Data were statistically analyzed. On polished LDS, SU yielded bracket SBS significantly superior to those of AP and XTP. On polished MZ, the use of SU and AP significantly enhanced bracket retention as compared with XTP. Low SBS values, below the threshold of clinical acceptability, were reached by all tested adhesives on glazed LDS and MZ specimens. SBS measurements corresponded with failure type observations. Universal adhesives SU and AP could be considered for use on polished LDS and MZ surfaces.
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What Is the Most Effective Technique for Bonding Brackets on Ceramic-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010014. [PMID: 35049723 PMCID: PMC8772998 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been an increase in demand for orthodontic treatment within the adult population, who likely receive restorative treatments using ceramic structures. The current state of the art regarding the most effective method to achieve an appropriate bond strength of brackets on ceramic surfaces isn’t consensual. This systematic review aims to compare the available surface treatments to ceramics and determine the one that allows to obtain the best bond strength. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO methodology was used, with the question “What is the most effective technique for bonding brackets on ceramic crowns or veneers?”. The research was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. In vitro and ex vivo studies were included. The methodological quality was evaluated using the guidelines for reporting of preclinical studies on dental materials by Faggion Jr. Results: A total of 655 articles searched in various databases were initially scrutinized. Sevety one articles were chosen for quality analysis. The risk of bias was considered medium to high in most studies. The use of hydrofluoric acid (HF), silane and laser afforded the overall best results. HF and HF plus laser achieved significantly highest bond strength scores in felsdphatic porcelain, while laser was the best treatment in lithium disilicate ceramics. Conclusions: The most effective technique for bonding brackets on ceramic is dependent on the type of ceramic.
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Hoppe J, Lehmann T, Hennig CL, Schulze-Späte U, Jacobs C. Shear bond strength after using sealant before bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:1-11. [PMID: 34981251 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decalcification during orthodontic treatment is significantly increased. To prevent this negative impact, new treatments with sealants before bonding brackets are commonly been used. This systematic review discusses current knowledge on shear bond strength when using sealant before bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to identify studies that address shear bond strength after using a sealant before bonding brackets. The search was carried out using common electronic databases in addition to individual searches. Both screening and study eligibility analysis were performed according to PRISMA and Cochrane Guidelines for systematic reviews. Several terms describing shear bond strength after using a sealant before bonding brackets were searched. Particular attention was paid to bond failure and bracket loss. For the statistical outcome, all results were shown in a forest plot based on standardized mean differences (SMD) with a random-effects model to respect heterogeneity of these studies. To assess the heterogeneity of the different trials, I2-value and the Q-Test were performed. RESULTS The initial search identified 416 studies. After a thorough selection process, a total of 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. All 15 articles reported results of in vitro studies. Papers were divided into four subgroups according to their used product: ProSeal, Transbond bonding, the combination of Transbond bonding and ProSeal and Clearfil Protect Bond. The results of this review demonstrate a high heterogeneity of the studies. The SMD of the examined 15 articles show nearly no difference between the control and the intervention groups in shear bond strength (p < 0.0001; OR - 0.12; Cl - 0.47-0.23). Forest plots for comparison of the subgroups depict no difference in shear bond strength as well. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis concludes that there is no additive benefit for shear bond strength when using sealant before bonding. However, additional randomized controlled studies should be performed to analyze impact of sealants on bonding strength and bracket loss in more detail. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using sealants before orthodontic bonding does not reduce shear bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hoppe
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Data Sciences, University of Jena, Bachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, An der alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Physical and chemical mechanisms involved in adhesion of orthodontic bonding composites: in vitro evaluations. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:350. [PMID: 34271907 PMCID: PMC8285804 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bond strength of orthodontic composite is strongly influenced by molecular and structural mechanisms. Aim of this in vitro study was to compare bond strength of light-cure orthodontic composites by measuring debonding forces and evaluating locations of bond failure. Investigations on chemical compositions clarified adhesive behaviors and abilities, exploring effects of ageing processes in this junction materials. Methods Twelve enamel discs, from human premolars, were randomly coupled to one orthodontic adhesive system (Transbond XT™ 3 M UNITEK, USA, Light-Cure Orthodontic Paste, LEONE, Italy and Bisco Ortho Bracket Paste LC, BISCO, Illinois) and underwent to Shear Bond Strength test. Metallic brackets were bonded to twenty-seven human premolar, with one of the adhesive systems, to quantify, at FE-SEM magnifications, after debonding, the residual material on enamel and bracket base surfaces. Raman Spectroscopy analysis was performed on eight discs of each composites to investigate on chemical compositions, before and after accelerated aging procedures in human saliva and sugary drink. Results Orthodontic adhesive systems showed similar strength of adhesion to enamel. The breakage of adhesive-adherent bond occurs in TXT at enamel-adhesive interface while in Bisco and Leone at adhesive-bracket interface. Accelerated in vitro aging demonstrated good physical–chemical stability for all composites, Bisco only, was weakly contaminated with respect to the other materials. Conclusion A similar, clinically adequate and acceptable bond strength to enamel for debonding maneuvers was recorded in all orthodontic adhesive systems under examination. No significant chemical alterations are recorded, even in highly critical situations, not altering the initial mechanical properties of materials.
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Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets to Temporary Crowns: In Vitro Effects of Surface Treatment. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:9999933. [PMID: 34257661 PMCID: PMC8261172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9999933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of patients seeking orthodontic treatment has been consistently increasing. During orthodontic treatment, it is recommended to place the provisional restoration and to delay the final restoration until completion of orthodontic treatment. Recurrent bracket debonding necessitates orthodontists to prepare the bonding area with special measures. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different grit sizes of diamond burs and sandblasting surface treatment on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to provisional crowns. Materials and Methods A total of 75 discs were fabricated from a bisacrylic composite and divided into 5 groups (n = 15) according to surface treatment by black, blue, and green diamond burs and sandblasting in addition to a control group. Metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to discs in a standardized conventional manner. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling with 5000 cycles of alternating 5°C and 55°C waterbaths. The shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface treatment effect and features of debonded surfaces. The amount of composite resin left on the specimen surfaces was analyzed and classified with the adhesive remnant index. One-way ANOVA was performed at α = 0.05. Results The shear bond strength of specimens treated with sandblasting was significantly higher than that of the control group under thermal aging conditions (p=0.022), as well as blue burs (p=0.001), while no significant differences were found between different grit diamond burs and the controls (p > 0.05). Conclusion Under thermocycling conditions, sandblasting of provisional crowns increases the bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
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Yu J, Zhang Z, Yang H, Wang Y, Muhetaer A, Lei J, Huang C. Effect of universal adhesive and silane pretreatment on bond durability of metal brackets to dental glass ceramics. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12772. [PMID: 33829577 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of universal adhesive and silane pretreatment on the bond durability of metal brackets to dental glass ceramics. Eighty lithium disilicate glass ceramic specimens were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 20) defined by the pretreatment and adhesive used: (i) Adper Single Bond 2; (ii) silane + Adper Single Bond 2; (iii) Single Bond Universal; and (iv) silane +Single Bond Universal. Maxillary central incisor metal brackets were bonded on the ceramic surfaces with resin composite. A shear bond strength test was conducted after 24 h of water storage and after 10,000 thermocycles. Adhesive remnant index scoring and field-emission scanning electron microscopy were performed to determine adhesives remaining on the ceramic surfaces and the ceramic ultrastructure following bracket debonding, respectively. After 10,000 thermocycles, specimens treated with Single Bond Universal preserved an appropriate bond strength between brackets and glass ceramics and showed minimum ceramic surface damage following bracket debonding, which was not the case in the other three groups. The application of a silane-containing universal adhesive without silane pretreatment achieves adequate durability of the bond of metal brackets to dental glass ceramics and allows safe debonding, which may aid in optimizing the effectiveness for orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongni Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yake Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aihemaiti Muhetaer
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmei Lei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Fan M, Yang J, Xu HHK, Weir MD, Tao S, Yu Z, Liu Y, Li M, Zhou X, Liang K, Li J. Remineralization effectiveness of adhesive containing amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles on artificial initial enamel caries in a biofilm-challenged environment. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5375-5390. [PMID: 33891172 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries is closely associated with acid-producing bacteria, and Streptococcus mutans is one of the primary etiological agents. Bacterial accumulation and dental demineralization lead to destruction of bonding interface, thus limiting the longevity of composite. The present study investigated remineralization effectiveness of adhesive containing nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) in a stimulated oral biofilm environment. METHODS The enamel blocks were immersed in demineralization solution for 72 h to imitate artificial initial carious lesion and then subjected to a Streptococcus mutans biofilm for 24 h. All the samples then underwent 4-h demineralization in brain heart infusion broth with sucrose (BHIS) and 20-h remineralization in artificial saliva (AS) for 7 days. The daily pH of BHIS after 4-h incubation, lactic acid production, colony-forming unit (CFU) count, and content of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) in biofilm were evaluated. Meanwhile, the remineralization effectiveness of enamel was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface microhardness testing, transverse microradiography (TMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The NACP adhesive released abundant Ca and P, achieved acid neutralization, reduced lactic acid production, and lowered CFU count (P < 0.05). Enamel treated with NACP adhesive demonstrated the best remineralization effectiveness with remineralization value of 52.29 ± 4.79% according to TMR. Better microhardness recovery of cross sections and ample mineral deposits were also observed in NACP group. CONCLUSIONS The NACP adhesive exhibited good performance in remineralizing initial enamel lesion with cariogenic biofilm. SIGNIFICANCE The NACP adhesive is promising to be applied for the protection of bonding interface, prevention of secondary caries, and longevity prolonging of the restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Siying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaohan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunneng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Bond Strength of Metallic or Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets to Enamel, Acrylic, or Porcelain Surfaces. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225197. [PMID: 33213042 PMCID: PMC7698487 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bonding strategies within different brackets and dental materials are still a challenge concerning adhesion and dental surface damage. This study compared the shear and tensile bond strength of orthodontic ceramic and metallic brackets to enamel, acrylic, and ceramic surfaces after thermal cycling. Dental surfaces were divided into three groups: enamel, ceramic, and acrylic. Each group received stainless-steel and ceramic brackets. After thermal cycling, specimens were randomly divided into two subgroups considering tensile (TBS) or shear bond strength (SBS) test. After the mechanical testing, scanning electron and optical microscopy were performed, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined. The two-way ANOVA full factorial design was used to compare TBS, SBS, and ARI on the surface and bracket type (α = 0.05). There were significant differences in TBS, SBS, and ARI values per surface (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009) and type of bracket (p = 0.025 and p = 0.001). The highest mean SBS values were recorded for a ceramic bracket bonded to an acrylic surface (8.4 ± 2.3 MPa). For TBS, a ceramic bracket bonded to acrylic showed the worst performance (5.2 ± 1.8 MPa) and the highest values were found on a metallic bracket bonded to enamel. The adhesion of metallic or ceramic brackets is enough for clinical practice although the damage of the enamel surface after debonding is irreversible and harmful for the aesthetic outcome of the teeth.
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Kolstad JA, Cianciolo DL, Ostertag AJ, Berzins DW. Orthodontic Bond Strength Comparison between Two Filled Resin Sealants. Turk J Orthod 2020; 33:165-170. [PMID: 32974062 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2020.19049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective Sealants are used in orthodontics to help prevent demineralization during treatment. This study aimed to determine if there is a difference in the shear bond strength (SBS) between 2 different resin sealants bonded to teeth. Methods Extracted human premolars (n=20/group) were randomly divided and prepared by acid etching, followed by application of primer or sealant. Group 1, the control group, used Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek). Groups 2 and 3 were prepared with the sealants L.E.D. Pro Seal (Reliance Orthodontic Products) and Opal Seal (Opal Orthodontics) as the respective primers. Transbond XT Adhesive was applied to a stainless steel bracket and bonded to each tooth. Each group was stored in distilled water at 37°C for 48 hours before. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was scored. Results The SBS (MPa) of the groups was as follows: Group 1 (Transbond): 20.1±6.0; Group 2 (Pro Seal): 16.5±4.8; and Group 3 (Opal Seal): 15.7±3.9. The SBS of Transbond XT Primer was significantly greater than that of Opal Seal (p<0.05/analysis of variance-Tukey), while Pro Seal and Opal Seal sealants were not significantly different from each other (p<0.05). The Opal Seal group had significantly greater ARI scores, indicating that more adhesive remained on the teeth after debonding. Conclusion Opal Seal and Pro Seal sealants have similar SBS but generally exhibit lower bond strengths than an adhesive primer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Anthony Kolstad
- Orthodontic Resident, Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - David William Berzins
- General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Alzainal AH, Majud AS, Al-Ani AM, Mageet AO. Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8874909. [PMID: 32733564 PMCID: PMC7376407 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8874909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing, and clinicians often have to place brackets on various surfaces aside from enamel. It is crucial to know what materials or instruments are required to bond brackets to each surface. OBJECTIVE This study aims to serve as a clinical guideline for the safest and most effective approaches taken to condition various surfaces for bonding to orthodontic brackets and provide background knowledge on the subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched, along with the use of Google Scholar search engine, to obtain relevant articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals, from 1955 to 2020. Keywords used were Shear bond strength; Orthodontic bracket; Base design; Etching; Sandblasting; Laser; Conditioning; Enamel; Ceramic; Porcelain; Gold; Amalgam; Composite. CONCLUSION Even though orthophosphoric acid is the most widely used enamel conditioning agent, laser etching should be considered to avoid enamel decalcification. Hydrofluoric acid is the current standard for ceramic conditioning; however, its use intraorally should be minimized due to its toxicity. Orthophosphoric acid, CoJet-Sand air abrasion, and laser etching are viable alternatives for conditioning ceramic. Monobond Etch & Prime is toxic and should not be used intraorally. Composite can be conditioned by bur roughening, and the use of ceramic brackets is recommended. Amalgam and gold surfaces can be conditioned adequately by air abrasion. Despite the claims of many authors, the maximum shear forces that orthodontic brackets are subjected to are not 6-8 mega pascal (MPa). Further investigation is required in that regard. More in vivo studies need to be performed to confirm the in vitro results.
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Tahmasbi S, Shiri A, Badiee M. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to porcelain surface using universal adhesive compared to conventional method. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2020; 17:19-24. [PMID: 32055289 PMCID: PMC7001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the increase in demand for orthodontic treatment in adults, bracket bond to restored teeth is a clinical challenge. This study sought to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to feldspathic porcelain using universal adhesive and conventional adhesive with and without silane application. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study Fifty-six feldspathic porcelain discs were roughened by bur, and 9.6% hydrofluoric acid was used for surface preparation. Samples were divided into the following four groups (n = 14): Group 1: universal adhesive, Group 2: universal adhesive/silane, Group 3: conventional adhesive, and Group 4: conventional adhesive/silane. Mandibular central incisor brackets were bonded, and SBS was measured by Instron® machine. To assess the mode of failure, adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was determined. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.05 considered significant). RESULTS The highest SBS was noted in the universal adhesive/silane group (12.7 MP) followed by conventional adhesive/silane (11.9 MP), conventional adhesive without silane (7.6 MP), and universal adhesive without silane (4.4 MP). In the absence of silane, the conventional adhesive yielded significantly higher SBS than universal adhesive (P = 0.03). In the presence of silane, the two adhesives showed SBS values significantly higher than the values obtained when silane was not applied, while the two adhesives were not significantly different in terms of SBS in the presence of silane (P = 0.53). Based on ARI score, there were statistically significant differences between Groups 1 and 4 (P = 0.00) and Groups 2 and 4 (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION Based on the current results, SBS of bracket to porcelain mainly depends on the use of silane rather than the type of adhesive. Both universal and conventional adhesives yield significantly higher SBS in the presence of silane compared to that in the absence of silane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Tahmasbi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Dental School, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Shiri
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Badiee
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammadreza Badiee, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
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Goracci C, Özcan M, Franchi L, Di Bello G, Louca C, Vichi A. Bracket bonding to polymethylmethacrylate-based materials for computer-aided design/manufacture of temporary restorations: Influence of mechanical treatment and chemical treatment with universal adhesives. Korean J Orthod 2019; 49:404-412. [PMID: 31815108 PMCID: PMC6883210 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2019.49.6.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess shear bond strength and failure mode (Adhesive Remnant Index, ARI) of orthodontic brackets bonded to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks for computer-aided design/manufacture (CAD/CAM) fabrication of temporary restorations, following substrate chemical or mechanical treatment. Methods Two types of PMMA blocks were tested: CAD-Temp® (VITA) and Telio® CAD (Ivoclar-Vivadent). The substrate was roughened with 320-grit sandpaper, simulating a fine-grit diamond bur. Two universal adhesives, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU) and Assure Plus (AP), and a conventional adhesive, Transbond XT Primer (XTP; control), were used in combination with Transbond XT Paste to bond the brackets. Six experimental groups were formed: (1) CADTemp®/SU; (2) CAD-Temp®/AP; (3) CAD-Temp®/XTP; (4) Telio® CAD/SU; (5) Telio® CAD/AP; (6) Telio® CAD/XTP. Shear bond strength and ARI were assessed. On 1 extra block for each PMMA-based material surfaces were roughened with 180-grit sandpaper, simulating a normal/medium-grit (100 mm) diamond bur, and brackets were bonded. Shear bond strengths and ARI scores were compared with those of groups 3, 6. Results On CAD-Temp® significantly higher bracket bond strengths than on Telio® CAD were recorded. With XTP significantly lower levels of adhesion were reached than using SU or AP. Roughening with a coarser bur resulted in a significant increase in adhesion. Conclusions Bracket bonding to CAD/CAM PMMA can be promoted by grinding the substrate with a normal/medium-grit bur or by coating the intact surface with universal adhesives. With appropriate pretreatments, bracket adhesion to CAD/CAM PMMA temporary restorations can be enhanced to clinically satisfactory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Goracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Franchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Bello
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chris Louca
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Vichi
- University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Tahmasbi S, Badiee M, Modarresi M. Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets to Composite Restorations Using Universal Adhesive. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2019. [PMID: 31214633 PMCID: PMC6538902 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2019.44927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The dental adhesives may have the potential to increase the bond strength of orthodontic brackets to composite resin and it would be highly desirable if adequate bracket-composite bond strength could be yielded by using these adhesives without the need for surface roughening. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets to composite restorations by use of a universal adhesive compared with a conventional adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this in vitro, experimental study, 45 composite discs measuring 6 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness were fabricated and assigned to three groups (n=15). In the group 1, discs were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and Scotchbond Universal was then applied. Discs were roughened by diamond bur in the group 2 and were subjected to the application of Scotchbond Universal. In the group 3, conventional adhesive (Single Bond 2) was applied after roughening the discs by diamond bur. Metal brackets were then bonded to discs and after thermocycling, the SBS was measured by an Instron machine. The mode of failure and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score were determined using stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18, one-way ANOVA, and the Kruskal Wallis test. RESULTS The surface roughening plus universal adhesive group showed the highest SBS (11.90 MPa) but according to one-way ANOVA, the difference in this regard among the three groups was not statistically significant (p= 0.94). Most samples showed ARI score of 4. CONCLUSION Universal adhesive can provide sufficient bond strength as high as that provided by conventional adhesives for orthodontic bracket bonding to composite restorations even in absence of surface roughening by bur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Tahmasbi
- Dept. of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Badiee
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Modarresi
- Dental Student, Dental Research Committee, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Queiróz Tavares ML, Elias CN, Nojima LI. Effects of different primers on indirect orthodontic bonding: Shear bond strength, color change, and enamel roughness. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:245-252. [PMID: 30003058 PMCID: PMC6041458 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.4.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to perform in-vitro evaluation to compare 1) shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI), and color change between self-etched and acid-etched primers; 2) the SBS, ARI and color change between direct and indirect bonding; and 3) the enamel roughness (ER) between 12-blade bur and aluminum oxide polisher debonding methods. Methods Seventy bovine incisors were distributed in seven groups: control (no bonding), direct (DTBX), and 5 indirect bonding (ITBX, IZ350, ISONDHI, ISEP, and ITBXp). Transbond XT Primer was used in the DTBX, ITBX, and ITBXp groups, flow resin Z350 in the IZ350 group, Sondhi in the ISONDHI group, and SEP primer in the ISEP group. SBS, ARI, and ER were evaluated. The adhesive remnant was removed using a low-speed tungsten bur in all groups except the ITBXp, in which an aluminum oxide polisher was used. After coffee staining, color evaluations were performed using a spectrophotometer immediately after staining and prior to bonding. Results ISONDHI and ISEP showed significantly lower SBS (p < 0.01). DTBX had a greater number of teeth with all the adhesive on the enamel (70%), compared with the indirect bonding groups (0–30%). The ER in the ITBX and ITBXp groups was found to be greater because of both clean-up techniques used. Conclusions Direct and indirect bonding have similar results and all the primers used show satisfactory adhesion strength. Use of burs and polishers increases the ER, but polishers ensure greater integrity of the initial roughness. Resin tags do not change the color of the teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lincoln Issamu Nojima
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dastjerdi EV, Nahvi G, Amdjadi P, Aghdashi F. Bond Strength of an Orthodontic Adhesive Containing an Antibiofilm Agent (Octafluoropentyl Methacrylate). Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:S39-S44. [PMID: 29962762 PMCID: PMC6006896 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether an adhesive containing antibiofilm agent octafluoropentyl methacrylate (OFPA) has an acceptable bond strength as an orthodontic adhesive. Methods Sixty human premolars were divided into four groups. In Groups 1 and 2, brackets were bonded to the teeth using experimental nanohybrid adhesive containing OFPA (ENH-OFPA) and Transbond XT (TXT) was used in Groups 3 and 4. In Groups 1 and 3, the samples were stored in water at 37°C for 24 h and in Groups 2 and 4 thermocycled between 5°C and 55°C. The entire samples were debonded utilizing a universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA test employed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) between two adhesives. Independent Student's t-test was utilized to compare the SBS at 24 h and followed thermocycling in each adhesive group. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) evaluated in different groups using Chi-square test. Results The mean value for SBS in ENH and TXT groups were 8.13 MPa and 8.10 MPa, respectively. The inference of P = 0.260 was observed and concluded to be nonsignificant for adhesives in terms of SBS. Statistically, differences that observed in SBS at 24 h and following thermocycling in TXT (P = 0.288) and ENH-OFPA (P = 0.145) groups did not consider to be significant. Comparing ARI scores with bracket failure mode resulted in no significant difference (P = 1) between two adhesives in both 24 h and following thermocycling. Conclusion Adding OFPA does not compromise SBS of the experimented orthodontic adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Vahid Dastjerdi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Nahvi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amdjadi
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Farzad Aghdashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taleghani Hospital, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Assessment the Bond Strength of Ceramic Brackets to CAD/CAM Nanoceramic Composite and Interpenetrating Network Composite after Different Surface Treatments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1871598. [PMID: 30003090 PMCID: PMC5998186 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1871598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult orthodontics may confront problems related to the bonding performance of orthodontic brackets to new generation restorative materials used for crown or laminate restorations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets to two new generation CAD/CAM interpenetrating network composite and nanoceramic composite after different surface treatments. Er,Cr:YSGG Laser, hydrofluoric acid (9%), sandblasting (50 μm Al2O3), and silane were applied to the surfaces of 120 CAD/CAM specimens with 2 mm thickness and then ceramic brackets were bonded to the treated surfaces of the specimens. Bond strength was evaluated using the shear bond strength test. According to the results, CAD/CAM block types and surface treatment methods have significant effects on shear bond strength. The lowest bond strength values were found in the specimens treated with silane (3.35 ± 2.09 MPa) and highest values were found in the specimens treated with sandblast (8.92 ± 2.77 MPa). Sandblasting and hydrofluoric acid surface treatment led to the most durable bonds for the two types of CAD/CAM blocks in the present study. In conclusion, different surface treatments affect the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets to CAD/CAM interpenetrating network composite and nanoceramic composite. Among the evaluated treatments, sandblasting and hydrofluoric acid application resulted in sufficient bonding strength to ceramic brackets for both of the CAD/CAM materials.
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