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Jain N, Shashi Bhushan BL, Natarajan M, Mehta R, Saini DK, Chatterjee K. Advanced 3D In Vitro Lung Fibrosis Models: Contemporary Status, Clinical Uptake, and Prospective Outlooks. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1235-1261. [PMID: 38335198 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis has been characterized as a global health problem and ranks as one of the primary causes of organ dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for pulmonary fibrosis, and limited therapeutic options are available due to an inadequate understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The absence of advanced in vitro models replicating dynamic temporal changes observed in the tissue with the progression of the disease is a significant impediment in the development of novel antifibrotic treatments, which has motivated research on tissue-mimetic three-dimensional (3D) models. In this review, we summarize emerging trends in preparing advanced lung models to recapitulate biochemical and biomechanical processes associated with lung fibrogenesis. We begin by describing the importance of in vivo studies and highlighting the often poor correlation between preclinical research and clinical outcomes and the limitations of conventional cell culture in accurately simulating the 3D tissue microenvironment. Rapid advancement in biomaterials, biofabrication, biomicrofluidics, and related bioengineering techniques are enabling the preparation of in vitro models to reproduce the epithelium structure and operate as reliable drug screening strategies for precise prediction. Improving and understanding these model systems is necessary to find the cross-talks between growing cells and the stage at which myofibroblasts differentiate. These advanced models allow us to utilize the knowledge and identify, characterize, and hand pick medicines beneficial to the human community. The challenges of the current approaches, along with the opportunities for further research with potential for translation in this field, are presented toward developing novel treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Jain
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
| | - B L Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore 560002 India
| | - M Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore 560002 India
| | - Ravi Mehta
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Apollo Hospitals, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011 India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012 India
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Tallani S, Singla R, Singla N, Natarajan M, Kukkila J. Clinical performance of light-cured orthodontic adhesives for bonding brackets - an in-vitro study. F1000Res 2023; 12:1442. [PMID: 38264264 PMCID: PMC10804051 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.141328.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The dental profession is seeing a constant influx of new adhesive systems from manufacturers, each claiming to be more dependable than the last. This study assessed the bond strength and adhesive remnants of different light-cured adhesives used for bonding metal brackets to teeth. Methods 80 extracted maxillary premolars with the sound crown structure were acid etched and bonded with brackets on their buccal surfaces utilizing primer and light-cured adhesives into four equal groups, which are Transbond XT, Heliosit, Enlight, and Bracepaste. Shear bond strength (SBS) for de-bonding the brackets were evaluated with Instron- testing machine after 48 hours. The de-bonded samples' adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also measured. Results The maximum mean SBS was found for Transbond XT (12.91 ± 2.0 MPa), followed by Bracepaste (12.87 ± 1.59 MPa), Enlight (11.77 ± 1.87 MPa), and lowest for Heliosit (10.93 ± 1.71 MPa). According to the four point scale, adhesive remnant index (ARI), Transbond XT has the least adhesive residue left on the tooth, followed by Heliosit. Enlight and Bracepaste have a similar distribution of adhesive, with both having a maximum amount left. Conclusion It can be inferred that all groups involved demonstrated a satisfactory level of bond strength from a clinical perspective. Transbond XT is the preferred orthodontic adhesive over the other three adhesives due to its superior SBS and ARI properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Tallani
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ritesh Singla
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nishu Singla
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Madhumitha Natarajan
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jayaprakash Kukkila
- Department of Dental material, Biomaterials and Research center, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru, Yenepoya Group, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Navya PT, Natarajan M. A correlation study between mean platelet volume and platelet aggregation study in acute coronary syndrome patients. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023:00004270-990000000-00120. [PMID: 38391383 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_937_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelets play an important role in cardiovascular disease mainly in the development of acute thrombotic events. Elevated platelet indices have been proposed as a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It remains uncertain whether increased platelet indices are the result or the cause of ACS. AIM AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to correlate mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet aggregation response to know the functional status of platelets based on their size. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 patients with ST-segment elevation ACS (STE-ACS) or non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) were included and their MPV was measured and platelet aggregometry was performed. Patients were divided into two groups, patients with MPV ≤9.1 fl as group 1 and those with MPV >9.1 fl as group 2. The mean maximum platelet aggregation response (MMPAR) with ADP, Collagen, and Epinephrine, of both the groups, were compared. MMPAR to ADP, Collagen, and Epinephrine in group 1 was 74.47%, 66.13%, and 72.9%, respectively, and in group 2, 72.94%, 59.97%, and 72.43%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the MMPAR to ADP, Collagen, and Epinephrine among the two groups. CONCLUSION Increased MPV does not indicate the platelets are hyperreactive. An increase in MPV may be because of the increased release of immature platelets from bone marrow as there is increased consumption of platelets at the site of thrombus formation in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Navya
- Department of Pathology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Chavarria J, Dutra G, Jaffer I, Natarajan M, Falcao F, Cirne F, Velianou J, Duovi G, Abdelkhalek M, Keshavarz-Motamed Z, Gu K, Sheth T. 605 Validation Of Aortic Valve Computed Tomography Calcium Quantification In Contrast Computed Tomography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Natarajan M, Sabo RC, Stark NM, Matuana LM. Improving gas barrier properties of sugarcane‐based
LLDPE
with cellulose nanocrystals. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald C. Sabo
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Nicole M. Stark
- School of Packaging Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive Madison Wisconsin USA
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Mammen JJ, Kumar S, Thomas L, Kumar G, Zachariah A, Jeyaseelan L, Peter JV, Agarwal A, Mukherjee A, Chatterjee P, Bhatnagar T, Rasalam JE, Chacko B, Mani T, Joy M, Rupali P, Murugesan M, Daniel D, Latha B, Bundas S, Kumar V, Dosi R, Khambholja JR, de Souza R, Chander BT, Bahadur S, Dube S, Suri A, Jindal A, Shrivastav O, Barge V, Bajpayee A, Malhotra P, Singh N, Tambe M, Sharma N, Bhat S, Kaulgud RS, Gurtoo A, Reddy DH, Upadhyay K, Jain A, Patel TC, Nagori I, Jha PR, Babu KVS, Aparna C, Panjwani SJ, Natarajan M, Baldi M, Khadke VK, Dua S, Singh R, Sharma A, Sharma J, Gokhale YA, Yadav PD, Sapkal G, Kaushal H, Kumar VS. Factors associated with mortality among moderate and severe patients with COVID-19 in India: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050571. [PMID: 34607865 PMCID: PMC8491003 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large data on the clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 in the Indian population are scarce. We analysed the factors associated with mortality in a cohort of moderately and severely ill patients with COVID-19 enrolled in a randomised trial on convalescent plasma. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from a Phase II, Open Label, Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma to Limit COVID-19 Associated Complications in Moderate Disease. SETTING 39 public and private hospitals across India during the study period from 22 April to 14 July 2020. PARTICIPANTS Of the 464 patients recruited, two were lost to follow-up, nine withdrew consent and two patients did not receive the intervention after randomisation. The cohort of 451 participants with known outcome at 28 days was analysed. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Factors associated with all-cause mortality at 28 days after enrolment. RESULTS The mean (SD) age was 51±12.4 years; 76.7% were males. Admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was 2.4±1.1. Non-invasive ventilation, invasive ventilation and vasopressor therapy were required in 98.9%, 8.4% and 4.0%, respectively. The 28-day mortality was 14.4%. Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was similar in survivors (4 days; IQR 3-7) and non-survivors (4 days; IQR 3-6). Patients with two or more comorbidities had 2.25 (95% CI 1.18 to 4.29, p=0.014) times risk of death. When compared with survivors, admission interleukin-6 levels were higher (p<0.001) in non-survivors and increased further on day 3. On multivariable Fine and Gray model, severity of illness (subdistribution HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.35, p<0.001), PaO2/FiO2 ratio <100 (3.47, 1.64-7.37, p=0.001), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio >10 (9.97, 3.65-27.13, p<0.001), D-dimer >1.0 mg/L (2.50, 1.14-5.48, p=0.022), ferritin ≥500 ng/mL (2.67, 1.44-4.96, p=0.002) and lactate dehydrogenase ≥450 IU/L (2.96, 1.60-5.45, p=0.001) were significantly associated with death. CONCLUSION In this cohort of moderately and severely ill patients with COVID-19, severity of illness, underlying comorbidities and elevated levels of inflammatory markers were significantly associated with death. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2020/04/024775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy John Mammen
- Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Snehil Kumar
- Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lovely Thomas
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Clinical Trials and Health Systems Research Unit, ICMR, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anand Zachariah
- Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan
- Biostatistics, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Victor Peter
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anup Agarwal
- Clinical Trials and Health Systems Research Unit, ICMR, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Mukherjee
- Clinical Trials and Health Systems Research Unit, ICMR, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pranab Chatterjee
- Translational Global Health Policy and Research Cell, ICMR, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- ICMR School of Public Health, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jess Elizabeth Rasalam
- Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Binila Chacko
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thenmozhi Mani
- Biostatistics, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melvin Joy
- Biostatistics, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priscilla Rupali
- Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malathi Murugesan
- Hospital Infection Control Committee, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dolly Daniel
- Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Latha
- Transfusion Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunita Bundas
- Transfusion Medicine, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Critical Care, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravi Dosi
- Respiratory Medicine, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - B Thrilok Chander
- Internal Medicine, Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Secunderabad-Padmarao Nagar, Telangana, India
| | - Shalini Bahadur
- Pathology, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simmi Dube
- Internal Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Suri
- Pulmonary Medicine, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Aikaj Jindal
- Transfusion Medicine, Satguru Partap Singh Hospitals, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Om Shrivastav
- Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Barge
- Medicine, RCSM Government Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Transfusion Medicine, AIIMS Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Muralidhar Tambe
- Department of Community Medicine, B J Government Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nimisha Sharma
- Transfusion Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital Faridabad, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shreepad Bhat
- Internal Medicine, Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ram S Kaulgud
- Internal Medicine, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Gurtoo
- Internal Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - D Himanshu Reddy
- Internal Medicine, King George Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Upadhyay
- Internal Medicine, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Respiratory Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tinkal C Patel
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Irfan Nagori
- Medicine, GMERS Medical College Gotri Vadodara, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Pramod R Jha
- Internal Medicine, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K V Sreedhar Babu
- Transfusion Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C Aparna
- Pathology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - M Natarajan
- Internal Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Milind Baldi
- Internal Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, UK
| | - Vrushali Khirid Khadke
- Interventional Pulmonology, Poona Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Seema Dua
- Transfusion Medicine, Super Speciality Paediatric Hospital and Teaching Hospital, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindraa Singh
- Transfusion Medicine, Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Medicine, R D Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jayashree Sharma
- Transfusion Medicine, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yojana A Gokhale
- Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pragya D Yadav
- Maximum Containment Laboratory, ICMR, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gajanan Sapkal
- Diagnostic Virology Group, ICMR, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Himanshu Kaushal
- Human Influenza Group, ICMR, National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Saravana Kumar
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Skrodzka M, Akiboye D, Harrison J, Yan S, Natarajan M, Anastasiadis E, Patel P, Ayres B, Watkin N. Prospective evaluation of erectile dysfunction with a validated patient reported outcome measure in patients with Peyronie’s disease requiring Nesbit’s type surgery. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mishra D, Natarajan M, Urala AS. Authors' response. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:557-558. [PMID: 33931213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mishra D, Natarajan M, Urala AS. Authors' response. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:558-560. [PMID: 33931216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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LAMECH T, Arumugam V, Bhagavatula VRH S, Govindasamy N, Dhanapalan A, Sakthirajan R, Natarajan M, Padmaraj R, Gopalakrishnan N. POS-198 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Hijazi W, Cao A, Ivers N, Bouck Z, Natarajan M, Schwalm J. IMPROVING LONG-TERM MEDICATION ADHERENCE FOR ELDERLY PATIENTS POST-MI THROUGH LONGER PRESCRIPTIONS AT INITIAL DISCHARGE: A PROCESS EVALUATION OF AN INTERVENTIONAL STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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MUTHUKUMARAN A, Thanigachalam D, Natarajan G, Alavudeen S, Jeyachandran D, Ramanathan S, Natarajan M. SAT-362 PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS IN A SOUTH INDIAN CENTER OVER 20 YEARS. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Natarajan M. The effect of surgical correction on craniofacial growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: A prospective study. J Cleft Lip Palate Craniofac Anomal 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jclpca.jclpca_7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rao K B, Natarajan M, Amalan A, Saran R, Gupta R, Kumar S, Singh A, Chakravarthy PK. Odontometric parameters as a forensic tool for stature estimation among three Asian ethnicities. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-019-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The height of an individual in the upright posture is referred to as stature. The evaluation of the stature of an individual is an essential step in identification. Estimation of stature is commonly performed using the long bones as they positively correlate with the stature. The correlation between the dimensions of the skull, jaw and stature of an individual has been reported among specific populations. To date, only a few studies have correlated odontometric parameters with stature among populations. Teeth and oral structures can be used to estimate the stature of an individual. The objective of our study was to determine and establish a relationship to estimate the stature of individuals among three different Asian ethnicities using four odontometric parameters as a forensic tool. The Asian ethnicities chosen in our study were Malay, Indian and Chinese.
The five parameters were the height of an individual, intercanine width, interpremolar width, arc length and mesiodistal dimension of the six anterior teeth. The height was measured with the individual standing upright and barefooted. The mesiodistal width of the anterior teeth was measured at the contact points; the intercanine and interpremolar widths were measured at the cusp tips from the left to the right quadrant; the arc length was measured at the middle one-third position of the crown from the right to the left canine.
Results
The results showed that out of the four odontometric parameters, only the arc length was significantly associated with the height of the individuals among the ethnicities chosen.
Conclusion
Thus, of the four selected parameters, the arc length may be helpful in the estimation of stature among the selected Asian ethnicities. Dimensions of the teeth can be used as an adjunct to other aids in estimating the stature of an individual and hence is a vital forensic tool.
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Lauck S, Wood DA, Baron SJ, Borregaard B, Wijeysundera H, Asgar A, Hawkey M, Keegan P, Natarajan M, Masson JB, Humphries K, Welsh R, Cairns J, Webb JG, Cohen D. 4071Early changes in quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: One-year results from the 3M TAVR Study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been shown to significantly improve quality of life (QOL). However, changes in QOL at early follow-up (<1 month), and following next-day discharge are poorly understood.
Methods
A total of 411 patients at 13 centers were enrolled in the Multimodality, Multidisciplinary but Minimalist TAVR (3M TAVR) study in 2015–2017. QOL was evaluated using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-12) in participants with a baseline score and at least one score at 2 weeks, 30 days and 1 year. Study endpoints were change in (1) KCCQ-Overall Summary Score (KCCQ-OS) and (2) minimal clinically important differences (MCID). Mixed effects models were used to explore patterns of change from baseline, with fixed terms for time, status at 1-year and their interaction terms, and a random intercept for subject to account for within subject correlation. Descriptive statistics were used to report MCID.
Results
Data were available for 358 (87.1%) participants. 216 (60.3%) were men with a median age 84.0 and STS 5.0 There was significant increase in QOL 2 weeks after TAVR (p≤0.01), and further significant improvement at the 1-month timepoint (p<0.01) for participants who were alive at 1 year. Sex, age category, and STS score category did not have a significant effect on the change in QOL (p>0.05). In the first 2 weeks, moderate (10–20 points) and large (>20 points) improvements were observed in 19.9% and 49.0% of the surviving patients, respectively; at 1-year, similar MCID were seen in 14.6% and 64.0% respectively.
Figure 1
Conclusion
This is the first study to report significant increase in QOL 2 weeks after TAVR, with sustained improvement during the first year in patients treated with the Vancouver TAVR Clinical Pathway with a goal of next-day discharge. Further studies are necessary to determine whether alternative TAVR clinical pathways yield similar findings.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Investigator-initiated unrestricted research grant, Edwards
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lauck
- St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D A Wood
- St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S J Baron
- Saint Lukes Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
| | | | | | - A Asgar
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - M Hawkey
- Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | - P Keegan
- Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, United States of America
| | | | - J B Masson
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - R Welsh
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Canada
| | - J Cairns
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J G Webb
- St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Cohen
- Saint Lukes Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
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16
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Moxham R, Dzavik V, Cairns J, Natarajan M, Bainey K, Akl E, Tsang M, Lavi S, Cantor W, Liu Y, Jolly S. TIME AND MORTALITY IN ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE TOTAL TRIAL. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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17
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Alieva NO, Efremov AK, Hu S, Oh D, Chen Z, Natarajan M, Ong HT, Jégou A, Romet-Lemonne G, Groves JT, Sheetz MP, Yan J, Bershadsky AD. Myosin IIA and formin dependent mechanosensitivity of filopodia adhesion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3593. [PMID: 31399564 PMCID: PMC6689027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia, dynamic membrane protrusions driven by polymerization of an actin filament core, can adhere to the extracellular matrix and experience both external and cell-generated pulling forces. The role of such forces in filopodia adhesion is however insufficiently understood. Here, we study filopodia induced by overexpression of myosin X, typical for cancer cells. The lifetime of such filopodia positively correlates with the presence of myosin IIA filaments at the filopodia bases. Application of pulling forces to the filopodia tips through attached fibronectin-coated laser-trapped beads results in sustained growth of the filopodia. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of myosin IIA abolishes the filopodia adhesion to the beads. Formin inhibitor SMIFH2, which causes detachment of actin filaments from formin molecules, produces similar effect. Thus, centripetal force generated by myosin IIA filaments at the base of filopodium and transmitted to the tip through actin core in a formin-dependent fashion is required for filopodia adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O Alieva
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - A K Efremov
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117557, Singapore
| | - S Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - D Oh
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Z Chen
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M Natarajan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - H T Ong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - A Jégou
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université de Paris, 15 rue Helene Brion, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - G Romet-Lemonne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université de Paris, 15 rue Helene Brion, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - J T Groves
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - J Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Center for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117557, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - A D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore. .,Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St 234, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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18
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Sathananthan J, Webb J, Lauck S, Cairns J, Murdoch D, Cook R, Humphries K, Park J, Zhao Y, Welsh R, Leipsic J, Genereux P, Tyrrell B, Alqoofi F, Velianou J, Natarajan M, Wijeysundera H, Radhakrishnan S, Horlick E, Osten M, Asgar A, Kodali S, Nazif T, Thourani V, Babaliaros V, Cohen D, Masson J, Klein R, Rondi K, Umedaly H, Leon M, Wood D. IMPACT OF LEVEL OF ANAESTHESIA USING THE VANCOUVER CLINICAL PATHWAY FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: INSIGHTS FROM THE 3M TAVR STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Pinilla Echeverri N, Gandhi S, Schulman S, Schwalm J, Morillo C, Natarajan M. ANTIPLATELET AND ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A SURVEY OF CANADIAN PHYSICIANS. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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20
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Natarajan M. The nerve of well being. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2018.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Natarajan M. Three-dimensional assessment of alveolar bone thickness in individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate. J Cleft Lip Palate Craniofac Anomal 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jclpca.jclpca_14_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Zamiri N, Hung E, Tang R, Najarali Z, Natarajan M, Schwalm J. GAPS IN PRESCRIBING TICAGRELOR OVER CLOPIDOGREL FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME AT TWO ACADEMIC HOSPITALS. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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23
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Natarajan M, Faujdar H, Mobin SM, Stein M, Kaur-Ghumaan S. A mononuclear iron carbonyl complex [Fe(μ-bdt)(CO) 2(PTA) 2] with bulky phosphine ligands: a model for the [FeFe] hydrogenase enzyme active site with an inverted redox potential. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10050-10056. [PMID: 28731078 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01994g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mononuclear hexa-coordinated iron carbonyl complex [Fe(μ-bdt)(CO)2(PTA)2] 1 (bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate; PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) with two bulky phosphine ligands in the trans position was synthesized and characterized by X-ray structural analysis coulometry data, FTIR, electrochemistry and electronic structure calculations. The complex undergoes a facilitated two-electron reduction 1/12- and shows an inverted one-electron reduction for 1/1- at higher potentials. Electrochemical investigations of 1 are compared to the closely related [Fe(bdt)(CO)2(PMe3)2] compound. A mechanistic suggestion for the hydrogen evolution reaction upon proton reduction from acid media is derived. The stability of 1 in both weak and strong acids is monitored by cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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O'Brien JW, Natarajan M, Shaikh I. A survey of doctors at a UK teaching hospital to assess understanding of recent changes to consent law. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 18:10-13. [PMID: 28480036 PMCID: PMC5406519 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK Supreme Court recently ruled that when consenting patients for treatments or procedures, clinicians must also discuss any associated material risks. We surveyed medical staff at a large UK teaching hospital in order to ascertain knowledge of consent law and current understanding of this change. MATERIALS AND METHODS Email survey sent to medical staff in all specialities at Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital in February 2016. RESULTS 245 responses (141 Consultants and 104 junior doctors, response rate 32%). 82% consent patients for procedures at least monthly and 23% daily. 31% were not familiar with the concept of material risk. 35% were familiar with the recent change in consent law, 41% were not. 18% were "very uncertain" and 64% "a little uncertain" that their consenting process meets current legal requirements. >92% think that landmark cases and changes in law should be discussed through professional bodies and circulated better locally. CONCLUSION The majority were not familiar with the concept of material risk and recent legal changes. A majority were not confident that their practice meets current requirements, suggesting that recent changes in consent law may not be widely understood at this hospital. We suggest more guidance and education may be necessary than is currently available. Increased understanding of recent changes to consent law will reduce the risk taken by NHS trusts and offer patients a service compliant with Supreme Court guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W O'Brien
- Department of General Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - M Natarajan
- Department of General Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - I Shaikh
- Department of General Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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25
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Natarajan M, Alnajjar HM, Woodward CI, Tshuma M, Marshall T, Rochester M. Abdominal wall ectopic testis torsion mimicking a Spigelian hernia in an adult. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 99:e65-e68. [PMID: 27917664 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an unusual case of an ectopic testis identified in a 37-year-old man presenting with acute severe right iliac fossa pain and an irreducible mass. Initially diagnosed as a Spigelian hernia, computed tomography and ultrasonography identified the presence of an ectopic testis in the abdominal wall. Interparietal testicular ectopia is an extremely rare condition. We present and discuss the first case in the literature of an ectopic testis located between the internal and external oblique muscle layers of the anterior abdominal wall in an adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Natarajan
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - H M Alnajjar
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - C I Woodward
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - M Tshuma
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - T Marshall
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - M Rochester
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
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Latha G, Natarajan M, Murugavel SC. Synthesis and characterization of cardo-based phosphorous–containing flame-retardant aromatic polyesters. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315623351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorous-containing cardo polyesters were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of phenylphosphonic dichloride with various bisphenols using a phase-transfer catalyst at ambient temperature. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and proton, carbon 13, and phosphorous 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. The thermal properties of the polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry under nitrogen atmosphere. All the polyesters showed high thermal stability, the maximum decomposition temperature being in the range of 475–523°C. The TGA data showed that all the synthesized phosphorous-containing polyesters produce high char yield at 700°C due to the presence of phosphorous atom in the polymer chain and hence have good flame-retardant properties. The synthesized phosphorus-containing polyesters have tensile strength in the range of 38.2–48 MPa, and the percentage of elongation at breaks of 3.3–16.8. The flame retardancy of all synthesized polymers was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL-94) tests. The results showed that the synthesized polymers have excellent flame retardancy, that is, the polymer samples achieved an increased UL-94 rating and the LOI values were in the range of 28.5–34. Broido model has been used to study the thermal degradation kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Latha
- Department of Chemistry, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Natarajan
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - SC Murugavel
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Natarajan M. Structure, the linking heiron. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Yerolavi SN, Natarajan M. Transabdominal sonographic quantitative analysis of the fetal cardiac length in third trimester of gestation. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2016.08.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Manjunathan D, Natarajan M, Mandal J, Parameshwaran N, kar S. Characterization of diarrhoegenic escherichia coli using a novel multiplex PCR. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Mandal J, Das A, Natarajan M. The emergence of cotrimoxazole and quinolone resistance in Shigella sonnei. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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31
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Natarajan M, Manjunathan D, Mandal J, Harish B. Detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli from children less than 5 years. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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32
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Kumarguru BN, Natarajan M, Biligi DS, Raghupathi AR. Giant Cell Lesions of Lungs: A Histopathological and Morphometric Study of Seven Autopsy Cases. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:EC12-6. [PMID: 26673670 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/15035.6786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macrophages undergo fusion to form multinucleated giant cells (MGC) in several pathologic conditions. The exact mechanism of their generation is still unclear. MGC are a common feature of granulomas that develop during various inflammatory reactions. AIM To study the histopathological features of giant cell lesions in lungs and correlate the characteristics of giant cells with other histopathological findings. Also, to determine the utility of morphometry to differentiate foreign body and Langhans MGC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven cases were analysed. Specimen of lungs was grossed, sectioned and processed. Routinely, tissue sections were stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain. Polarizing microscopy and special stains were employed in selected cases. Granulomas and MGC were counted and measured. Several other parameters like location, distribution, type and number of MGC, associated predominant inflammatory component and nature of granulomas were analysed. RESULTS Five patterns of lesions were observed in seven cases. Aspiration pneumonia was seen in three cases (42.85%) and constituted the most common pattern. However, aspiration pneumonia as the only cause of MGC was seen in only one case (14.28%). Pulmonary tuberculosis and asteroid bodies constituted two cases (28.57%) each. Cryptococcal pneumonia and cholesterol clefts constituted one case (14.28%) each. Crypococci were demonstrated to be positively birefringent by polarized microscopy on Ziehl-Neelsen stained sections. Based on statistical analysis of morphometric data, a new index (NP index) was proposed to statistically categorize MGC into foreign body type and Langhans type. NP index value of ≤0.016 was found to be statistically significant (p<0.005) in foreign body MGC. It had high sensitivity and efficacy. CONCLUSION MGC may not be always associated with granulomas. The mechanisms that lead to the occurrence of MGC, independent of granuloma needs to be elucidated. Morphometry may serve as a useful aid. But a pathologist has to rely on the morphological details to categorize MGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Kumarguru
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, PES Institute of Medical sciences and Research , Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M Natarajan
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dayananda S Biligi
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A R Raghupathi
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute , Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Context: Coronary artery anomalies are uncommon and most are incidental findings. Double right coronary artery (RCA) is a very rare coronary artery anomaly. Case Report: We report two cases of double RCA incidentally found in electrocuted patients. Both cases showed double RCA arising from separate ostia. On microscopy, both right coronaries showed no significant pathology in the first case while in the second case, the posterior RCA showed features of obliterative arteritis. Conclusion: Although double coronary artery has been regarded as hemodynamically insignificant, it may be associated with atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes, and other anomalies. It is important to know the anatomic variants. Meticulous grossing and careful observation could unearth hidden anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B N Kumarguru
- Department of Pathology, PES Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dayananda S Biligi
- Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A R Raghupathi
- Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kumar P, Arasu A, Kailasam M, Sukumarran K, Subburj R, Tyagraj G, Natarajan M. Gonadal development and steroid hormone profile of wild caught grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1034974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Vernier JP, Fairlie TD, Natarajan M, Wienhold FG, Bian J, Martinsson BG, Crumeyrolle S, Thomason LW, Bedka KM. Increase in upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosol levels and its potential connection with Asian pollution. J Geophys Res Atmos 2015; 120:1608-1619. [PMID: 26691186 PMCID: PMC4672967 DOI: 10.1002/2014jd022372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Satellite observations have shown that the Asian Summer Monsoon strongly influences the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) aerosol morphology through its role in the formation of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II solar occultation and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar observations show that summertime UTLS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) between 13 and 18 km over Asia has increased by three times since the late 1990s. Here we present the first in situ balloon measurements of aerosol backscatter in the UTLS from Western China, which confirm high aerosol levels observed by CALIPSO since 2006. Aircraft in situ measurements suggest that aerosols at lower altitudes of the ATAL are largely composed of carbonaceous and sulfate materials (carbon/sulfur elemental ratio ranging from 2 to 10). Back trajectory analysis from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization observations indicates that deep convection over the Indian subcontinent supplies the ATAL through the transport of pollution into the UTLS. Time series of deep convection occurrence, carbon monoxide, aerosol, temperature, and relative humidity suggest that secondary aerosol formation and growth in a cold, moist convective environment could play an important role in the formation of ATAL. Finally, radiative calculations show that the ATAL layer has exerted a short-term regional forcing at the top of the atmosphere of -0.1 W/m2 in the past 18 years. KEY POINTS Increase of summertime upper tropospheric aerosol levels over Asia since the 1990s Upper tropospheric enhancement also observed by in situ backscatter measurements Significant regional radiative forcing of -0.1 W/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Vernier
- Science Systems and Applications, IncHampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
- Correspondence to: J.-P. Vernier,,
| | - T D Fairlie
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - M Natarajan
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - F G Wienhold
- Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyZurich, Switzerland
| | - J Bian
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | | | - S Crumeyrolle
- LOA, CNRS–Université Lille1Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - L W Thomason
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
| | - K M Bedka
- NASA Langley Research CenterHampton, Virginia, USA
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36
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Nair BC, Krishnan SR, Sareddy GR, Mann M, Xu B, Natarajan M, Hasty P, Brann D, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK. Proline, glutamic acid and leucine-rich protein-1 is essential for optimal p53-mediated DNA damage response. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1409-18. [PMID: 24786831 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding oncogenic protein that functions as a coregulator for a number of nuclear receptors. p53 is an important transcription factor and tumor suppressor that has a critical role in DNA damage response (DDR) including cell cycle arrest, repair or apoptosis. In this study, we found an unexpected role for PELP1 in modulating p53-mediated DDR. PELP1 is phosphorylated at Serine1033 by various DDR kinases like ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related or DNAPKc and this phosphorylation of PELP1 is important for p53 coactivation functions. PELP1-depleted p53 (wild-type) breast cancer cells were less sensitive to various genotoxic agents including etoposide, camptothecin or γ-radiation. PELP1 interacts with p53, functions as p53-coactivator and is required for optimal activation of p53 target genes under genomic stress. Overall, these studies established a new role of PELP1 in DDRs and these findings will have future implications in our understanding of PELP1's role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Nair
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S R Krishnan
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - G R Sareddy
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Mann
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B Xu
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Research Institute, South Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Natarajan
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - P Hasty
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D Brann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R R Tekmal
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R K Vadlamudi
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Karanam LSP, Alurkar AB, Natarajan M, Pugazhenthi B. Endovascular coil occlusion of traumatic intradural aneurysm with presentation as carotid cavernous fistula. J Clin Imaging Sci 2014; 4:11. [PMID: 24744968 PMCID: PMC3988606 DOI: 10.4103/2156-7514.127961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) are abnormal communication between cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus. These entities are usually encountered in 0.2-0.8% of patients with traumatic skull base fractures. Traumatic cerebral aneurysms are rare and account for less than 1% of intracranial aneurysms. CCF due to ruptured intradural traumatic aneurysm is very rare and difficult to treat by surgical methods. We present one such case of a 40-year-old man with post-traumatic CCF due to a ruptured intradural aneurysm successfully treated with endovascular embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi S P Karanam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, KG Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand B Alurkar
- Department of Interventional Radiology, KG Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Natarajan
- Department of Neurosurgery, KG Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Pugazhenthi
- Department of Radiology, KG Hospitals, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khan FH, Natarajan M, Aravindan S, Herman TS, Aravindan N. Abstract P5-11-02: Radiation instigates EMT, CSC self renewal and pluripotency signal transduction in non-targeted (bystander) ERa+ and triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p5-11-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ascertaining radiation-induced bystander response in non-targeted tumor cells, particularly on variables pertaining to resistance, relapse and tumor progression, may escort significant clinical implications. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the radiation induced alterations in factors that drive the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) self-renewal capacity and pluripotency maintenance in non-targeted breast (ERa+ MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-468) adenocarcinoma cells. Co-cultures of non-targeted breast cancer cells with irradiated (5Gy) counterparts for 24h were assessed for transcriptional regulation of 93 stem cell related molecules using QPCR profiling. Radiation-induced alterations in the expression of ABCG2, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, MYC, Nanog and SOX2 in bystander MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 were assessed using western blot analysis. Radiation profoundly increased the transcriptional activation of stem-cell related molecules in distant bystander ERα+ MCF-7 (70 genes) and in triple-negative MDA-MB-468 (82 genes) cells. Interestingly, 62 of 70 genes activated in MCF-7 and 81 of 82 genes in MDA-MB-468 showed significant (>2 fold) upregulation. Evidently, radiation induced 66 genes (>2 fold, 58 genes) in bystander breast cancer cells independent of their hormone status. Consistently, immunoblotting revealed increase in the expression of ABCG2, N-Cadherin, MYC, Nanog and SOX2 in both MCF7 and MDA-MB-468. Together, these data demonstrates that radiation activates the EMT, CSCs self-renewal and pluripotency maintaining factors in non-targeted bystander cells and could thus play an instrumental role in breast cancer relapse and progression.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-11-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- FH Khan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - M Natarajan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - S Aravindan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - TS Herman
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - N Aravindan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OKlahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX; Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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Pandian V, Natarajan M, Aravindan S, Herman TS, Aravindan N. Abstract P6-09-05: Neem leaf extract, rich in nimbolide and azadirachtin targets radiation-induced stemness in surviving breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p6-09-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that the neem leaf extract (NLE) rich in Nimbolide and Azadirachtin exerted radiosensitization and alleviates tumor progression in varied solid tumor models. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated its potential in the regulation of radiation (IR)-induced stemness in surviving breast cancer (BCa) cells. Human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells either mock-irradiated or exposed to IR (2Gy) with or without NLE (1, 10 or 100μg) pre-treatment (for 3h) and analyzed at 3h or 24h post-IR. Transcriptional alterations of 93 molecules that drive EMT, CSCs self-renewal capacity and pluripotency maintenance were analyzed using QPCR profiling. NANOG, SOX2, ABCG2, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and GSK3β expression was examined by immunoblotting. Radiation profoundly increased 67 stem-cell related molecules in surviving BCa cells. NLE exerted a dose-dependent (1μg, 23; 10μg, 51; 100μg, 64 genes) inhibition of IR-induced stem-cell related molecules. Second-phase observations at 24h post-IR revealed no recovery of NLE-inhibited transcription with complete inhibition of 12, 66 and 64 genes after 1, 10 and 100μg. Gene comparison analysis revealed both ‘dose-independent’ (20genes at 3h and 12genes at 24h) and ‘time-independent’ (6, 50 and 61 genes at 1μg, 10μg and 100μg respectively) inhibition. Interestingly, six genes (BMP4, CDH1, EGF3, FOXA2, GSK3β and HDAC2) showed both ‘time-and-dose-independent’ inhibition. Coherently, immunoblotting revealed a consistent regulation of IR-induced NANOG, SOX2, ABCG2, N-cadherin in the surviving BCa cells. Together these data demonstrate that NLE targets IR-induced stemness in surviving BCa cells and may thus serve as a potential “deliverable” to negate breast cancer relapse and progression.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-09-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pandian
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - M Natarajan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - S Aravindan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - TS Herman
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - N Aravindan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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Ramraj SK, Natarajan M, Aravindan S, Herman TS, Aravindan N. Abstract P4-16-02: EF24 targets radiation-induced NFkB-dependent stemness in triple negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p4-16-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with late stage BCa still remains poor, mostly due to development of chemoradioresistance followed by tumor recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with higher drug efflux capability, and other stem cell-like properties were proposed to be responsible for resistance, relapse and progression of BCa. We have shown that EF24 alleviates radiation (IR)-orchestrated NFkB mediated clonal expansion. Herein, we investigated the potential of EF24 in the regulation of IR-induced NFkB dependent stemness in triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to mock-IR or IR (2Gy) with/without EF24 were examined for transcriptional alterations of 93 EMT, CSCs self-renewal, pluoripotentcy maintenance and other stem cell markers. NFkB (p50/p65) overexpression (with or without EF24) and RelA siRNA knockout (with IR) approach were used to delineate the role of IR-induced NFkB and the selective NFkB targeting of EF24 in this setting. Nanog, Sox-2, ABCG-2, N-Cadherin, POU5F1 and Myc expression was examined with immunoblotting. IR profoundly increased the transactivation of 86 stem-cell related molecules in TNBCs that are involved in cell survival. Interestingly, muting IR-induced NFkB attenuated 85 of those genes. Notably, EF24 suppressed identical 85 genes reproducing the inhibitory signature of NFkB muting. Coherently, activating NFkB induced 87 stem-cell related molecules in TNBC and of which 86 genes were completely suppressed with EF24. Alterations in the cellular expression levels of Nanog, Sox-2, ABCG-2, N-Cadherin, POU5F1 and Myc validates the potential of EF24 in mitigating IR-induced stemness in TNBC. Together these data demonstrates, at least in TNBC cells, IR-induced NFkB mediates increased stem-like characteristics and further imply that EF24 may alleviate stemness by selectively targeting IR-induced NFkB.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-16-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- SK Ramraj
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - M Natarajan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - S Aravindan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - TS Herman
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - N Aravindan
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Stephensons Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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Barbier AJ, Bielefeld B, Whiteman DAH, Natarajan M, Pano A, Amato DA. The relationship between anti-idursulfase antibody status and safety and efficacy outcomes in attenuated mucopolysaccharidosis II patients aged 5 years and older treated with intravenous idursulfase. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:303-10. [PMID: 23988379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the pivotal phase II/III trial of idursulfase administered intravenously to treat mucopolysaccharidosis II, approximately half of the patients developed antibodies to idursulfase. This post-hoc analysis of data from the phase II/III trial and extension study examined the relationship between antibody status and outcomes. A total of 63 treatment-naïve patients received 0.5 mg/kg of intravenous idursulfase weekly for two years. Thirty-two patients (51%) were positive for anti-idursulfase IgG antibodies, 23 of whom (37%) became persistently positive. All patients who developed an antibody response did so by their scheduled Week 27 study visit. Positive antibody status appeared to have no statistically significant effect upon changes in six-minute walk test distance, percent predicted forced vital capacity, or liver and spleen volume. All patients showed significant decreases in urinary GAG levels, although the antibody positive group maintained somewhat higher urinary GAG levels than their antibody-negative counterparts at the end of study (138.7 vs. 94.7 μg/mg creatinine, p = 0.001). Antibody positivity was not associated with a higher event rate for serious adverse events. Among patients who had no prior infusion-related reactions, antibody positive patients were 2.3 times more likely to have a first infusion-related reaction than those who would remain negative (p = 0.017); the risk increased to 2.5 times more likely for those who were persistently positive (p = 0.009). These differences in risk disappeared among patients with a previous infusion-related reaction, likely because of preventive measures. A genotype analysis for the 36 patients with available data found that patients with nonsense or frameshift mutations may be more likely to develop antibodies, to experience infusion-related reactions, and to have a reduced uGAG response than those with missense mutations, suggesting the possibility that antibodies are not a driver of clinical outcomes but rather a marker for genotype.
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Latha G, Natarajan M, Balaji K, Murugavel SC. Synthesis, spectral and thermal characterization of polyester derived from 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313501181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of polyesters with pendant cyclohexane ring as a cardo group were synthesized by reacting 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cylcohexane (bisphenol-Z (BPZ)) with diacid chlorides. The molecular structures of the monomer and polymers were confirmed by spectral analyses. Thermal properties were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The thermogravimetric data revealed that the polymers are stable up to 190°C and start to degrade thereafter. The thermal stability initially increases with increase in spacer length and then decreases due to negative effects of the spacer. In the present study, Arrhenius, Broido and Horowitz–Metzger models have been used to calculate the degradation kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Latha
- Department of Chemistry, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Natarajan
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences – Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Balaji
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. C. Murugavel
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences – Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Aravindan S, Natarajan M, Veeraraghavan J, Herman T, Aravindan N. Inflammatory Signature after Low Dose γ-Radiation in Mice Brain and Gut: Switch from Therapeutic Benefit to Inflammation. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - M. Natarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J. Veeraraghavan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - T.S. Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - N. Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Abstract
The cardanol formaldehyde resin (CFR) has been synthesized by the condensation of cardanol with formaldehyde (ratio of 1:0.7) in the presence of oxalic acid catalyst. Synthesized CFR was epoxidized using epichlorohydrin (ECH) with 1:10 molar ratio. Cardanol was also directly epoxidized using ECH with the above-mentioned ratio. Synthesized resins have been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses. Thermal properties have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Decomposition kinetics have been studied by various kinetic models of the synthesized compounds. In the present study, Horowitz–Metzger, Broido and Coats–Redfern models have been used to calculate the activation energy ( Ea), pre-exponential factor ( A) and rate constant ( K). Ea calculated from all the three models mentioned above was close to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Natarajan
- Chemistry Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Polymer Research Laboratory, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - S. C. Murugavel
- Chemistry Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Polymer Research Laboratory, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
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Shrestha SP, Bhat KS, Binu VS, Barthakur R, Natarajan M, Subba SH. Pattern of refractive errors among the Nepalese population: a retrospective study. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 2:87-96. [PMID: 21505524 DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i2.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Refractive errors are a major cause of visual impairment in the population. PURPOSE To find the pattern of refractive errors among patients evaluated in a tertiary care hospital in the western region of Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology of the Manipal Teaching Hospital, situated in Pokhara, Nepal. Patients who had refractive error of at least 0.5 D (dioptre) were included for the study. RESULTS During the study period, 15,410 patients attended the outpatient department and 10.8% of the patients were identified as having refractive error. The age of the patients in the present study ranged between 5 - 90 years. Myopia was the commonest refractive error followed by hypermetropia. There was no difference in the frequency of the type of refractive errors when they were defined using right the eye, the left eye or both the eyes. Males predominated among myopics and females predominated among hypermetropics. The majority of spherical errors was less than or equal to 2 D. Astigmatic power above 1D was rarely seen with hypermetropic astigmatism and was seen in around 13 % with myopic astigmatism. "Astigmatism against the rule" was more common than "astigmatism with the rule", irrespective of age. CONCLUSION Refractive errors progressively shift along myopia up to the third decade and change to hypermetropia till the seventh decade. Hyperopic shift in the refractive error in young adults should be well noted while planning any refractive surgery in younger patients with myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Shrestha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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Karpagam R, Gopalakrishnan S, Babu BR, Natarajan M. Scientometric Analysis of Stem cell Research: A comparative study of India and other countries. Collnet Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09737766.2012.10700936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Duncan A, Natarajan M, Schwalm J. 643 Identifying Physician Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation Referral in a Tertiary Care Centre. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Connolly K, Dmetrichuk K, Qureshi R, Natarajan M, Schwalm J. 264 Barriers to EMS Utilization During STEMI. Can J Cardiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.07.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Natarajan M, Lodha S. Technique tips--Modified butterfly deprogrammers: made easy. Dent Update 2012; 39:148. [PMID: 22482274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha Natarajan
- Department of Orthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Cantor W, Ko D, Natarajan M, Le May M, Džavík V, Velianou J, Wijeysundera H, Purdham D, Kingsbury K. 715 Reperfusion times for radial vs. femoral access in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI: Observations from the CCN provincial primary PCI registry. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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