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Shima T, Taniguchi K, Inomata Y, Arima J, Lee SW. Glycolysis in gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a brief overview. Neoplasia 2024; 55:101022. [PMID: 38943997 PMCID: PMC11261875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most prevalent mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract. Its growth is primarily influenced by mutations in KIT or PDGFRA. Surgery is the primary treatment option for GIST; however, KIT inhibitors, such as imatinib, are used for inoperable cases. Resistance to imatinib is an upcoming challenge, especially because the effectiveness of alternative drugs is limited. Enhancement of the glycolysis pathway in cancer cells has been identified as a key feature in cancer. This unique metabolic activity has implications on tumor growth, prognosis, and resistance to therapy, even in GIST. Members of the glucose transporter (GLUT) family (particularly GLUT-1) play a significant role in GIST progression and response to treatment. Diagnostic imaging using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, which enables visualization of glucose metabolism, can aid in GIST diagnosis and risk assessment. The interplay between glycolysis and GIST can lead to the development of various therapeutic strategies, especially those involving glycolysis-related molecules, such as hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase. However, further research is required to understand the full spectrum of glycolysis in GIST and its therapeutic potential. Herein, we present an exhaustive overview and analysis of the role of glycolysis in GIST, especially as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Shima
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; Center for Medical Research & Development, Division of Translational Research, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Inomata
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Jun Arima
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Sang-Woong Lee
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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2
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Liu M, Wen Z, Zhang T, Zhang L, Liu X, Wang M. The role of exosomal molecular cargo in exosome biogenesis and disease diagnosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1417758. [PMID: 38983854 PMCID: PMC11231912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1417758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes represent a type of extracellular vesicles derived from the endosomal pathway that transport diverse molecular cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These cargoes have emerged as crucial elements impacting disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and are integral to the process of exosome formation. This review delves into the essential molecular cargoes implicated in the phases of exosome production and release. Emphasis is placed on their significance as cancer biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, accompanied by an exploration of the obstacles and feasible applications linked to these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wen
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linghan Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
| | - Maoyuan Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, GanZhou, China
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3
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Czarnecka AM, Chmiel P, Błoński P, Rutkowski P. Establishing biomarkers for soft tissue sarcomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:407-421. [PMID: 38682679 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2346187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare and diverse group of tumors. Curative options are limited to localized disease, with surgery being the mainstay. Advanced stages are associated with a poor prognosis. Currently, the prognosis of the patient is based on histological classification and clinical characteristics, with only a few biomarkers having entered clinical practice. AREAS COVERED This article covers extensive recent research that has established novel potential biomarkers based on genomics, proteomics, and clinical characteristics. Validating and incorporating these biomarkers into clinical practice can improve prognosis, prediction of recurrence, and treatment response. Relevant literature was collected from PubMed, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov databases (November 2023). EXPERT OPINION Currently, defining prognostic markers in soft tissue sarcomas remains challenging. More studies are required, especially to personalize treatment through advanced genetic profiling and analysis using individual tumor and patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Chmiel
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Medical Faculty, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
- Medical Faculty, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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He G, Peng X, Wei S, Yang S, Li X, Huang M, Tang S, Jin H, Liu J, Zhang S, Zheng H, Fan Q, Liu J, Yang L, Li H. Exosomes in the hypoxic TME: from release, uptake and biofunctions to clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:19. [PMID: 35039054 PMCID: PMC8762953 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the expression of cancer hallmarks (increased proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, immune evasion, and so on) and more frequent cell communication. Because of the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxia, exploring the association between cell communication mediators and hypoxia has become increasingly important. Exosomes are important information carriers in cell-to-cell communication. Abundant evidence has proven that hypoxia effects in the TME are mediated by exosomes, with the occasional formation of feedback loops. In this review, we equally focus on the biogenesis and heterogeneity of cancer-derived exosomes and their functions under hypoxia and describe the known and potential mechanism ascribed to exosomes and hypoxia. Notably, we call attention to the size change of hypoxic cancer cell-derived exosomes, a characteristic long neglected, and propose some possible effects of this size change. Finally, jointly considering recent developments in the understanding of exosomes and tumors, we describe noteworthy problems in this field that urgently need to be solved for better research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Mingyao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shilei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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Zeng P, Si M, Sun RX, Cheng X, Li XY, Chen MB. Prognostic Value of CD9 in Solid Tumor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:764630. [PMID: 34868985 PMCID: PMC8639687 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.764630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies investigated how low expression of CD9 predicts poor prognosis of solid tumor. However, the results were inconclusive. This present meta-analysis was therefore performed to determine the prognostic value of CD9 expression in solid tumors. In this meta-analysis, 25 studies involving 5,555 participants were included; the result showed strong significant associations between declined expression of CD9 and all endpoints: overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.45-2.43, p < 0.000) and time to progression (TTP) (HR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.38-2.88, p < 0.000). The subgroup analysis was also performed, which revealed that the associations between CD9 downregulated expression related to poor OS in lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Also, low expression of CD9 was significantly connected with poor TTP in patients with head and neck cancer. The adverse prognostic impact of decreased expression of CD9 was observed in patients of different ethnicities. In conclusion, these results showed that declined expression of CD9 was associated with poor survival in human solid tumors. CD9 may be a valuable prognostic predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Si
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui-xia Sun
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of the USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Min-bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
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6
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New C, Lee ZY, Tan KS, Wong AHP, Wang DY, Tran T. Tetraspanins: Host Factors in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11609. [PMID: 34769038 PMCID: PMC8583825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are transmembrane glycoproteins that have been shown increasing interest as host factors in infectious diseases. In particular, they were implicated in the pathogenesis of both non-enveloped (human papillomavirus (HPV)) and enveloped (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika, influenza A virus, (IAV), and coronavirus) viruses through multiple stages of infection, from the initial cell membrane attachment to the syncytium formation and viral particle release. However, the mechanisms by which different tetraspanins mediate their effects vary. This review aimed to compare and contrast the role of tetraspanins in the life cycles of HPV, HIV, Zika, IAV, and coronavirus viruses, which cause the most significant health and economic burdens to society. In doing so, a better understanding of the relative contribution of tetraspanins in virus infection will allow for a more targeted approach in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChihSheng New
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Yong Lee
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Amanda Huee-Ping Wong
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Thai Tran
- Infectious Disease Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (C.N.); (Z.-Y.L.); (K.S.T.); (A.H.-P.W.)
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Vinod R, Mahran R, Routila E, Leivo J, Pettersson K, Gidwani K. Nanoparticle-Aided Detection of Colorectal Cancer-Associated Glycoconjugates of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Serum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910329. [PMID: 34638669 PMCID: PMC8508761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found in all biological fluids, providing potential for the identification of disease biomarkers such as colorectal cancer (CRC). EVs are heavily glycosylated with specific glycoconjugates such as tetraspanins, integrins, and mucins, reflecting the characteristics of the original cell offering valuable targets for detection of CRC. We report here on europium-nanoparticle (EuNP)-based assay to detect and characterize different surface glycoconjugates of EVs without extensive purification steps from five different CRC and the HEK 293 cell lines. The promising EVs candidates from cell culture were clinically evaluated on small panel of serum samples including early-stage (n = 11) and late-stage (n = 11) CRC patients, benign condition (n = 11), and healthy control (n = 10). The majority of CRC cell lines expressed tetraspanin sub-population and glycovariants of integrins and conventional tumor markers. The subpopulation of CD151 having CD63 expression (CD151CD63) was significantly (p = 0.001) elevated in early-stage CRC (8 out of 11) without detecting any benign and late-stage samples, while conventional CEA detected mostly late-stage CRC (p = 0.045) and with only four early-stage cases. The other glycovariant assays such as CEACon-A, CA125WGA, CA 19.9Ma696, and CA 19.9Con-A further provided some complementation to the CD151CD63 assay. These results indicate the potential application of CD151CD63 assay for early detection of CRC patients in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufus Vinod
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (R.V.); (R.M.); (E.R.); (J.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Randa Mahran
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (R.V.); (R.M.); (E.R.); (J.L.); (K.P.)
- Tropical Health and Parasitology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21617, Egypt
| | - Erica Routila
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (R.V.); (R.M.); (E.R.); (J.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Janne Leivo
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (R.V.); (R.M.); (E.R.); (J.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (R.V.); (R.M.); (E.R.); (J.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Kamlesh Gidwani
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (R.V.); (R.M.); (E.R.); (J.L.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Khushman M, Prodduturvar P, Mneimneh W, Zotto VD, Akbar S, Grimm L, Rider P, Hunter J, Alkharabsheh O, Patel GK, Fabregas JC, Singh AP. The impact of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation on exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) expression and their prognostic significance in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1490-1498. [PMID: 34316329 PMCID: PMC8310674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exosomes have pivotal roles in cancer development. The impact of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (NCCR) on exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) expression and their prognostic significance in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma are yet to be explored. Materials and Methods: Between 2015 and 2018, 33 patients had rectal adenocarcinoma treated with NCCR and had pre-NCCR biopsy and post-NCCR resected rectum. CD63 and CD9 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The short-term surrogate endpoint neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score was used for assessment of prognostic significance. Un-Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean tumor CD63 and CD9 scores in pre-NCCR biopsy vs. post-NCCR resected rectum were 106 vs. 165 (P = 0.0022) and 136 vs. 215 (P < 0.0001) respectively. The mean tumor CD63 and CD9 scores respectively in pre-NCCR biopsy was 99 and 130 in patients with low-intermediate NAR score compared to 117 and 144 in patients with high NAR score (P = 0.4934) (P = 0.5519). The mean tumor CD63 and CD9 scores respectively in post-NCCR resected rectum was 155 and 205 in patients with low-intermediate NAR score compared to 180 and 230 in patients with high NAR score (P = 0.3793) (P = 0.2837). Conclusions: The expression of the exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) increased in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma after treatment with NCCR. The exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) may have a prognostic significance. There was a trend for higher CD63 and CD9 expression in patients with high NAR score compared with low-intermediate NAR scores. The lack of statistical significance is likely due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh'd Khushman
- Hematology-Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Wadad Mneimneh
- Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Shalla Akbar
- Pathology, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Leander Grimm
- Colorectal Surgery, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Paul Rider
- Colorectal Surgery, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - John Hunter
- Colorectal Surgery, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Omar Alkharabsheh
- Hematology-Oncology, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Ajay P Singh
- Pathology, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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9
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Koh HM, Jang BG, Kim DC. Prognostic Value of CD63 Expression in Solid Tumors: A Meta-analysis of the Literature. In Vivo 2021; 34:2209-2215. [PMID: 32871743 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD63 has been described as a key factor in extracellular vesicle production and endosomal cargo sorting, and there have been certain reports suggesting an association between CD63 expression and survival in patients with tumors including gastric, colon and lung cancer. However, the prognostic value of CD63 expression remains contradictory. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of CD63 expression in solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible studies were collected by searching the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were evaluated to reveal the association between CD63 expression and survival in solid tumors. RESULTS Five studies with a total of 1,454 patients were included. The HR evaluating CD63 expression on survival was 1.34 (95%CI=0.92-1.97, p=0.129). In subgroup analysis, the HRs of lung cancer and other tumors were 0.50 (95% CI=0.32-0.77, p=0.002) and 2.16 (95% CI=1.93-2.42, p<0.001) respectively. CD63 expression was significantly associated with poor disease-specific survival (HR=1.69, 95% CI=1.15-2.49, p=0.008), but not with disease-free survival and overall survival. Also, there was a significant association between CD63 expression with poor survival in the group of sample size more than 150 patients (HR=2.15, 95% CI=2.92-2.41, p<0.001), but not in the group of sample size with fewer than 150 patients. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that CD63 expression may be a potential prognostic marker in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea .,Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kaprio T, Hagström J, Andersson LC, Haglund C. Tetraspanin CD63 independently predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:887-892. [PMID: 32073129 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD63, a member of the tetraspanin family, is expressed in endosomes and enriched in exosomes. Tetraspanins participate in a variety of physiological processes, including cellular differentiation, cell-cell fusion, and cell migration. CD63 reportedly carries both protumorigenic and tumor suppressor properties, and appears to be upregulated in breast cancer, astrocytoma, and melanoma. Yet, the effect of CD63 on cancer prognosis remains unclear, and no previous reports examined it in colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying novel biomarkers will allow us to better differentiate patients with an increased risk of recurrence and who might benefit from adjuvant therapy. We applied immunohistochemistry with antibodies to human CD63 on 620 consecutive CRC patients treated at the Helsinki University Hospital. We evaluated the associations between CD63 expression and clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis. We found that CD63 expression associated with an advanced stage, poor differentiation, and mucinous histology. We found no association between CD63 expression and age, sex or tumor location. CD63 expression predicted an unfavorable prognosis in CRC (p=0.00001, log-rank test) and in a subgroup of patients with metastasized CRC (p=0.011). Cox's multivariate analysis identified CD63 as an independent factor predicting an unfavorable prognosis in CRC and in the subgroup with metastasized disease. We show for the first time that CD63 immunohistochemistry expression represents an independent marker of an unfavorable prognosis in CRC and associates with unfavorable clinicopathological parameters. Our results support the hypothesis that a higher tissue expression of CD63 in CRC, indicating an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated secretory phenotype, associated with an adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Kaprio
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS, Helsinki, Finland. .,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif C Andersson
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Khushman M, Patel GK, Laurini JA, Bhardwaj A, Roveda K, Donnell R, Sherling K, Case B, Frankel AE, Pai S, Taylor W, Tan MCB, Mizrahi M, Nelson C, Wyatt M, Patton M, McClellan S, Singh S, Wang B, Singh AP. Exosomal markers (CD63 and CD9) expression and their prognostic significance using immunohistochemistry in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:695-702. [PMID: 31392050 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.07.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are important mediators of intercellular communications and play pivotal roles in cancer progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. CD63 and CD9 are widely accepted exosomal markers. In patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), positive correlation between CD9 expression and overall survival (OS) was reported. CD63 expression was conserved in all patients with no reported prognostic significance. This study explored the prognostic significance of CD63 and CD9 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in patients with PDAC of mixed racial background. Methods Between 2012 and 2016, 49 patients with PDAC had available tissues for CD63 and CD9 staining using IHC. Two pathologists independently scored the CD63 and CD9 expression. Staining intensity was graded from 1-3 and staining percentage was estimated in 10% increments. Mean Quick-score (Q-score) (Intensity X Percentage of staining) was calculated. Results The mean Q-score for CD63 and CD9 are higher in primary tumor from the pancreas compared to pancreatic tumor from metastatic sites (185 vs. 102, P=0.0002) and (48 vs. 20, P=0.0418) respectively. We fitted Cox proportion hazard regression models to investigate the impact of the covariates CD63 and CD9 on progression free survival (PFS) and OS. CD63 has significant impact on PFS (P=0.0135) and OS (P=0.003). The higher the CD63 Q-score, the longer the PFS and OS. CD9 doesn't have significant impact on PFS (P=0.5734) or OS (P=0.2682). The mean CD63 and CD9 Q-scores are slightly higher in African American (AA) compared to Caucasians (157 vs. 149, P=0.76) and (45 vs. 29, P=0.43) respectively. Conclusions CD63 and CD9 expression is higher in primary tumor from the pancreas compared to pancreatic tumor from metastatic sites. There is correlation between CD63 expression (but not CD9 in this cohort) and PFS and OS. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show prognostic significance of CD63 expression in patients with PDAC using IHC. A trend of higher expression of CD63 and CD9 among AA compared to Caucasians was also noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh'd Khushman
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Kelly Roveda
- Department of Pathology, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Robert Donnell
- Department of Pathology, Mobile Infirmary Health System, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Kelley Sherling
- Department of Pathology, Mobile Infirmary Health System, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Brittany Case
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Arthur E Frankel
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Sachin Pai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - William Taylor
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | | | - Meir Mizrahi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Cindy Nelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mary Wyatt
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mary Patton
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, The University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA
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Miki Y, Yashiro M, Okuno T, Kuroda K, Togano S, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Clinico-pathological significance of exosome marker CD63 expression on cancer cells and stromal cells in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202956. [PMID: 30222750 PMCID: PMC6141093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that CD63, an exosome marker, is expressed in solid cancer tissues. However, its significance in patients with gastric cancer has not been clarified. Exosomes derived from cancer cells and stromal cells might play an important role in the intracellular communications involved in the development of carcinoma. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between CD63 expression in cancer cells and stromal cells and clinical-pathologic factors. Methods A total of 595 gastric cancer patients were enrolled in this study. CD63 expression in cancer cells and stromal cells was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The correlations between CD63 expression and several clinicopathological factors were investigated. Results CD63 expression was mainly observed on the cell membranes of cancer cells, and in the cytoplasm of stromal cells. Of 595 patients, 247 cases had CD63-positive cancer cells, and 107 cases had CD63-positive stromal cells. Cases with CD63-positive cancer cells were significantly correlated with scirrhous-type gastric cancer, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and tumor size. Cases with CD63-positive stromal cells were significantly correlated with age (≥65), tumor depth (T3-4), lymphatic invasion, and tumor size (≥ 5 cm). The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower (p<0.001) in patients with CD63-positive than CD63-negative tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that CD63 expression in cancer cells was a significant independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. Conclusion CD63 might be a prognostic marker for patients with gastric cancer. CD63-positive exosomes might be associated with the interaction between stromal cells and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomohisa Okuno
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Togano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Lewitowicz P, Matykiewicz J, Chrapek M, Koziel D, Horecka-Lewitowicz A, Gluszek-Osuch M, Wawrzycka I, Gluszek S. Tumor Digital Masking Allows Precise Patient Triaging: A Study Based on Ki-67 Scoring in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. SCANNING 2018; 2018:7807416. [PMID: 30245762 PMCID: PMC6139189 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7807416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advances constantly provide cutting-edge tools that enhance the progress of diagnostic capabilities. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors belong to a family of mesenchymal tumors where patient triaging is still based on traditional criteria such as mitotic count, tumor size, and tumor location. Limitations of the human eye and randomness in choice of area for mitotic figure counting compel us to seek more objective solutions such as digital image analysis. Presently, the labelling of proliferative activity is becoming a routine task amidst many cancers. The purpose of the present study was to compare the traditional method of prediction based on mitotic ratio with digital image analysis of cell cycle-dependent proteins. METHODS Fifty-seven eligible cases were enrolled. Furthermore, a digital analysis of previously performed whole tissue section immunohistochemical assays was executed. Digital labelling covered both hotspots and not-hotspots equally. RESULTS We noted a significant diversity of proliferative activities, and consequently, the results pointed to 6.5% of Ki-67, counted in hotspots, as the optimal cut-off for low-high-grade GIST. ROC analysis (AUC = 0.913; 95% CI: 0.828-0.997, p < 0.00001) and odds ratio (OR = 40.0, 95% CI: 6.7-237.3, p < 0.0001) pointed to Ki-67 16% as the cut-off for very high-grade (groups 5-6) cases. With help of a tumor digital map, we revealed possible errors resulting from a wrong choice of field for analysis. We confirmed that Ki-67 scores are in line with the level of intracellular metabolism that could be used as the additional biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Tumor digital masking is very promising solution for repeatable and objective labelling. Software adjustments of nuclear shape, outlines, size, etc. are helpful to omit other Ki-67-positive cells especially small lymphocytes. Our results pointed to Ki-67 as a good biomarker in GIST, but concurrently, we noted significant differences in used digital approaches which could lead to unequivocal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lewitowicz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Matykiewicz
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Department of General, Oncological and Endocrine Surgery, The Voivodship Hospital in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chrapek
- Department of Probability Theory and Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Dorota Koziel
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Agata Horecka-Lewitowicz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Martyna Gluszek-Osuch
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Heath Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Iwona Wawrzycka
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Department of General, Oncological and Endocrine Surgery, The Voivodship Hospital in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanisław Gluszek
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
- Department of General, Oncological and Endocrine Surgery, The Voivodship Hospital in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
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