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Amajala KC, Gudivada IP, Malla RR. Gamma Delta T Cells: Role in Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:41-50. [PMID: 38050980 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023049893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The most typical type of liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops from hepatocyte loss. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis C and cirrhosis are the leading causes of HCC. With the Hepatitis B vaccine and medicines, there are several treatments for HCC, including liver resection, ablation, transplantation, immunotherapy, gene therapy, radiation embolization, and targeted therapy. Currently, a wide range of studies are carried out on gene therapy to identify biomarkers and pathways, which help us identify the exact stage of the disorder and reduce its effects. γδT cells have recently received much interest as a potential cancer treatment method in adaptive immunotherapy. γδT cells can quickly form connections between receptor and ligand activation. They can clonally expand and are a significant source of cytokines and chemokines. The present review provides a comprehensive understanding on the function of γδT cells in immunotherapies and how they are used to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chaitanya Amajala
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Indu Priya Gudivada
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Xu Y, Xiang Z, Alnaggar M, Kouakanou L, Li J, He J, Yang J, Hu Y, Chen Y, Lin L, Hao J, Li J, Chen J, Li M, Wu Q, Peters C, Zhou Q, Li J, Liang Y, Wang X, Han B, Ma M, Kabelitz D, Xu K, Tu W, Wu Y, Yin Z. Allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy exhibits promising clinical safety and prolongs the survival of patients with late-stage lung or liver cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:427-439. [PMID: 32939032 PMCID: PMC8027668 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. Due to their HLA-independent mode of action, allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application. To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. Therefore, we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheral γδ T cells from healthy donors. Then, we used a humanized mouse model to validate the therapeutic efficacy of expanded γδ T cells in vivo; furthermore, the expanded γδ T cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients. We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. Furthermore, a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China.,Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Mohammed Alnaggar
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China.,Tongji Chibi Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chibi, Hubei, PR China
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jiawei Li
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junyi He
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiashuang Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jingxia Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jibing Chen
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Man Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingling Wu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingqing Liang
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Fuda Cancer Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Baohui Han
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meili Ma
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Kecheng Xu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China.,Fuda Cancer Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510665, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenwei Tu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China. .,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, PR China. .,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China.
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Zhou QH, Wu FT, Pang LT, Zhang TB, Chen Z. Role of γδT cells in liver diseases and its relationship with intestinal microbiota. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2559-2569. [PMID: 32523311 PMCID: PMC7265152 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i20.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
γδT cells are unconventional T lymphocytes that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the composition of T cell receptor and the cytokines produced, γδT cells can be divided into diverse subsets that may be present at different locations, including the liver, epithelial layer of the gut, the dermis and so on. Many of these cells perform specific functions in liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis and liver cancers. In this review, we discuss the distribution, subsets, functions of γδT cells and the relationship between the microbiota and γδT cells in common hepatic diseases. As γδT cells have been used to cure hematological and solid tumors, we are interested in γδT cell-based immunotherapies to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng-Tian Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan-Tian Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian-Bao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Cao J, Kong FH, Liu X, Wang XB. Immunotherapy with dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3649-3663. [PMID: 31367163 PMCID: PMC6658393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i27.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been revealed as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The introduction of cell-based immunotherapy, including dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs), has brought HCC patients an effective benefit. However, the efficacy and necessity of cellular immunotherapy after different interventional therapy remains to be further explored. AIM To investigate the efficacy of cellular immunotherapy, involving DCs and CIKs, combined with different conventional treatments of HCC. METHODS We performed a literature search on PubMed and Web of Science up to February 15, 2019. Long-term efficacy (overall survival and recurrence) and short-term adverse effects were investigated to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs. Review Manager 5.3 was used to perform the analysis. RESULTS A total of 22 studies involving 3756 patients selected by eligibility inclusion criteria were forwarded for meta-analysis. Combined with the conventional clinical treatment, immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs was demonstrated to significantly improve overall survival at 6 mo [risk ratio (RR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.13, P = 0.02], 1 year (RR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.07-1.17, P < 0.00001), 3 years (RR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.15-1.31, P < 0.00001) and 5 years (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.15-1.37, P < 0.00001). Recurrence rate was significantly reduced by cellular immunotherapy at 6 mo (RR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.36-0.69, P < 0.0001) and 1 year (RR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.75-0.89, P < 0.00001). Adverse effect assessment addressed that immunotherapy with DCs and/or CIKs was accepted as a safe, feasible treatment. CONCLUSION Combination immunotherapy with DCs, CIKs and DC/CIK with various routine treatments for HCC was evidently suggested to improve patients' prognosis by increasing overall survival and reducing cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Fan-Hua Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Department of Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
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