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Tanhamira LA, Randhawa G, Hewson D. The effects of adapted mind-body exercises on physical function, quality of life and wellbeing for older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100186. [PMID: 38359751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participating in physical activity programmes is one way to optimise wellbeing and quality of life in older adults. Mind-body exercises could provide greater benefits than other forms of traditional physical activity and can be easily adapted for older people who are starting to develop functional decline. OBJECTIVES To synthesise the literature looking at the effects of adapted mind-body interventions on older people. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on articles from Web of Science, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, AMED and CINAHL that were searched up to 13 September 2023. Studies were extracted and assessed by two authors and included if they were adapted mind-body quasi experimental trials (QET) or randomised controlled trials (RCT) evaluating physical function, quality of life or wellbeing in community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and over. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 scale was used for quality appraisal. Analysis of the results included calculating standardised effect sizes (Hedge's g) and a narrative synthesis of results not included in meta-analysis. RESULTS 18 studies (8 quasi-experimental trial designs, n = 310; 10 randomised control trials, n = 1829) were included in the systematic review, with 14 studies (9 RCT, n = 1776, 5 QET, n = 100) retained for meta-analysis. For the RCT studies, some improvement was noted in mobility (ES 0.36: 95% CI: 0.01, 0.71), flexibility (ES 0.36: 0.01, 0.70), well-being (ES 0.54: 0.18, 0.91) and quality of life (ES 0.50: 0.21, 0.79). No positive effect was observed for leg power (ES 0.09: -0.33, 0.51), leg endurance (ES 0.16: -0.72, 1.03), back scratch test (ES 0.24: -0.10, 0.59), or balance, (ES 0.05: -0.06, 0.15). Heterogeneity varied from 0%-87% across the different outcomes. For the QET studies, gait velocity was shown to improve (ES 0.54: 0.18, 0.91), while fear of falling showed no significant improvements (ES 0.82: -0.06, 1.69). A meta-regression for quality of life in which the total physical activity of the intervention, in hours, was used as a covariate, showed ES = 1.1 for every 100 h of physical activity. CONCLUSION There is scope for adapted mind-body physical activity interventions to play a role in improving quality of life, wellbeing, and physical function in older adults. The provision of adapted interventions for older people might improve uptake of and engagement with physical activity interventions in older people with limited or reduced abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurch Randhawa
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - David Hewson
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom.
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Halappa NG. Integration of yoga within exercise and sports science as a preventive and management strategy for musculoskeletal injuries/disorders and mental disorders - A review of the literature. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 34:34-40. [PMID: 37301554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise-induced musculoskeletal injuries/disorders and associated mental disorders are prevalent among athletes. The main objective of this review is to analyze the prospects of Yoga practices as a preventive and management strategy for musculoskeletal injuries/disorders and associated mental disorders often encountered in exercise and sports activities. METHODS A review of the literature was performed using electronic databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed and google scholar published between January 1991 and December 2021 which yielded 88 research articles. The keywords used were yoga OR exercise AND musculoskeletal injuries OR disorders, yoga OR exercise AND mental disorders, yoga AND sports injuries, yoga AND stress, yoga OR exercise AND oxidative stress, yoga OR exercise AND inflammation, yoga OR exercise AND diet. RESULTS The moderate and regular exercises are beneficial to health. However, high intensity and overtraining physical activities lead to immune suppression, oxidative stress, muscle damage/fatigue, coronary risk, psychiatric disorders and so on due to enormous strain on various physiological functions. Yoga seems to undermine these adverse activities through up-regulating the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and down-regulating the activities of hypothalamohypophysial axis (HPA) which are conducive to healing, recovery, regeneration, reduction in stress, relaxation of mind, better cognitive functions, promotion of mental health, reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress, and so on. CONCLUSION Literature suggests that Yoga should be integrated within exercise and sports sciences mainly to prevent & manage musculoskeletal injuries/disorders and associated mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen G Halappa
- School of Public Health & School of Buddhist Studies, Philosophy and Comparative Religions, Nalanda University, Bihar, India.
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Postural Control Adaptations in Yoga Single-Leg Support Postures: Comparison Between Practitioners and Nonpractitioners. Motor Control 2022; 26:412-429. [PMID: 35618301 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2021-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates whether a group of regular Yoga practitioners shows postural control differences compared with healthy controls while performing single-leg Yoga postures. Ten Yoga practitioners were compared with a control group of 10 nonpractitioners performing two single-leg support Yoga postures: Vrksasana (tree posture) and Natarajasana (dancer posture). Rambling and trembling decomposition of the center of pressure trajectories was implemented using a genetic algorithm spectral optimization that avoids using horizontal forces and was validated with bipedal posture data. Additionally, the center of mass was estimated from body kinematics using OpenSim and compared with the rambling outputs. During Natarajasana, no postural control adaptations were observed. For Vrksasana, the Yoga practitioners showed a lower center of pressure ellipse confidence interval area, center of pressure anteroposterior SD, and smaller rambling SD in the mediolateral direction, suggesting possible supraspinal feed-forward motor adaptations associated with Yoga training.
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Sahasrabudhe SD, Orme MW, Jones AV, Tillu G, Salvi SS, Singh SJ. Potential for integrating yoga within pulmonary rehabilitation and recommendations of reporting framework. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:8/1/e000966. [PMID: 34764198 PMCID: PMC8587455 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a rising burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), is a universally recommended multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy for the management of COPD; however, its needs are unmet. The diversity in the healthcare systems, availability of PR specialists and sociocultural multiformity requires contextualised and innovative PR models. Culturally sensitive elements, such as yoga, have some evidence of a positive impact in the management of COPD. Yoga and PR are based on similar principles with a holistic approach of involving physical activities, behaviour change techniques and psychological support to improve disease outcomes. Arguably the principles of PR and yoga are complementary but there are some important differences in the intensities of activities, exercise types and inclusion of mindfulness in components that must be considered. Components of PR enable aerobic capacity building, strengthening of muscles of the upper and lower extremities and building awareness towards disease management. Yoga, on the other hand, primarily can focus on core strengthening, breathing control, mindfulness and self-awareness. We discuss the potential of integrating the sociocultural appeal of yoga with PR delivered at international standards, and how an integrated approach may lead to optimal referral, uptake and completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti D Sahasrabudhe
- Clinical Research, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Pune, Maharashtra, India .,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mark W Orme
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Leicester, East Midlands, UK.,Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Leicester, East Midlands, UK
| | - Amy V Jones
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Leicester, East Midlands, UK.,Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Leicester, East Midlands, UK
| | - Girish Tillu
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sundeep S Salvi
- Clinical Research, Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sally J Singh
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Leicester, East Midlands, UK.,Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Leicester, East Midlands, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Yoga, a combination of physical postures (asana), breathing exercises (pranayama), and meditation (dhyana), has gained increasing recognition as a form of mind-body exercise. In this narrative review, we intended to review the emerging evidence assessing the physiologic and clinical effects of yoga on the cardiovascular system and the potential role of yoga as a component of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation. METHODS We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane databases for literature related to cardiovascular effects of yoga from inception up until 2017. RESULTS Yoga has been shown to have favorable effects on systemic inflammation, stress, the cardiac autonomic nervous system, and traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Yoga has shown promise as a useful lifestyle intervention that can be incorporated into cardiovascular disease management algorithms. Although many investigators have reported the clinical benefits of yoga in reducing cardiovascular events, morbidity, and mortality, evidence supporting these conclusions is somewhat limited, thereby emphasizing the need for large, well-designed randomized trials that minimize bias and methodological drawbacks.
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Mears SC, Tackett SA, Elkins MC, Severin AC, Barnes SG, Mannen EM, Martin RD. Ankle motion in common yoga poses. Foot (Edinb) 2019; 39:55-59. [PMID: 30974341 PMCID: PMC7643884 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motion of the ankle is essential for many yoga poses. An understanding of range of ankle motion during typical yoga poses may help the clinician to understand expected outcomes of patients when returning from ankle surgery or injury to yoga. METHODS The biomechanics of twenty healthy active yogis were collected during seven yoga poses that are common within their practices. Motion capture and force plates were used to assess the range of motion and joint moments of the ankle for each pose. RESULTS All poses resulted in plantarflexion and external rotation moments at the ankle joints. Joint loading was highest in single leg poses. The arc of motion used by the study participants in the poses was 29° of sagittal motion, 20° of frontal motion and 35° of transverse motion. DISCUSSION Ankle motion was evaluated when healthy yogis perform standard poses. These results may help in discussion with patients regarding expected outcomes after ankle injury or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Mears
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - S Andrew Tackett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael C Elkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Anna C Severin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sally G Barnes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Erin M Mannen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert D Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Groessl EJ, Maiya M, Schmalzl L, Wing D, Jeste DV. Yoga to prevent mobility limitations in older adults: feasibility of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:306. [PMID: 30541474 PMCID: PMC6291934 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The loss of mobility during aging impacts independence and leads to further disability, morbidity, and reduced life expectancy. Our objective was to examine the feasibility and safety of conducting a randomized controlled trial of yoga for older adults at risk for mobility limitations. Methods Sedentary older adults (n = 46; age 60–89) were recruited and randomized to either yoga or a health education comparison group. Yoga sessions (60-min) occurred 2x weekly, and 90-min health education sessions occurred weekly, for 10 weeks. The primary outcomes were recruitment rate, intervention attendance, and retention at assessments. Adverse event rates and participant satisfaction were also measured. Physical performance measures of gait, balance, and strength and self-report outcome measures were administered at baseline and 10-weeks. Results Recruitment lasted 6 months. Retention of participants at the 10-week follow-up was high (89% - performance measures; 98% - self-report questionnaires). Attendance was good with 82% of yoga and 74% of health education participants attending at least 50% of the sessions. No serious adverse events were reported. Patient satisfaction with the interventions was high. The mean effect size for the physical performance measures was 0.35 with some over 0.50. The mean effect size for self-report outcome measures was 0.36. Conclusions Results indicate that it is feasible to conduct a larger RCT of yoga for sedentary older adults at risk for mobility problems. The yoga and comparison interventions were safe, well accepted, and well attended. Effect sizes suggest yoga may have important benefits for this population and should be studied further. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials # NCT03544879; Retrospectively registered 4 June, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Groessl
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0994, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. .,HSR&D, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA. .,UCSD Stein Institute for Research on Aging, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Meghan Maiya
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0994, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Laura Schmalzl
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0994, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,College of Science and Integrative Health, Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, CA, USA
| | - David Wing
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0994, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,UCSD Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center (EPARC), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- UCSD Stein Institute for Research on Aging, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hainsworth KR, Liu XC, Simpson PM, Swartz AM, Linneman N, Tran ST, Medrano GR, Mascarenhas B, Zhang L, Weisman SJ. A Pilot Study of Iyengar Yoga for Pediatric Obesity: Effects on Gait and Emotional Functioning. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5070092. [PMID: 29973555 PMCID: PMC6068554 DOI: 10.3390/children5070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity negatively impacts the kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremities in children and adolescents. Although yoga has the potential to provide several distinct benefits for children with obesity, this is the first study to examine the benefits of yoga for gait (primary outcome) in youths with obesity. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical activity, and pain. Feasibility and acceptability were also assessed. Nine youths (11⁻17 years) participated in an eight-week Iyengar yoga intervention (bi-weekly 1-h classes). Gait, HRQOL (self and parent-proxy reports), and physical activity were assessed at baseline and post-yoga. Pain was self-reported at the beginning of each class. Significant improvements were found in multiple gait parameters, including hip, knee, and ankle motion and moments. Self-reported and parent-proxy reports of emotional functioning significantly improved. Time spent in physical activity and weight did not change. This study demonstrates that a relatively brief, non-invasive Iyengar yoga intervention can result in improved malalignment of the lower extremities during ambulation, as well as in clinically meaningful improvements in emotional functioning. This study extends current evidence that supports a role for yoga in pediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri R Hainsworth
- Jane B. Pettit Pain and Headache Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Xue Cheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Pippa M Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Ann M Swartz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Nina Linneman
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
| | - Susan T Tran
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Gustavo R Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | - Liyun Zhang
- Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Steven J Weisman
- Jane B. Pettit Pain and Headache Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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