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de Lima SKS, Cavallone ÍN, Serrano DR, Anaya BJ, Lalatsa A, Laurenti MD, Lago JHG, da Silva Souza DC, Marinsek GP, Lopes BS, de Britto Mari R, Passero LFD. Therapeutic Activity of a Topical Formulation Containing 8-Hydroxyquinoline for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2602. [PMID: 38004580 PMCID: PMC10675550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations; however, only a limited number of drugs are available and include Glucantime® and amphotericin B, which induce unacceptable side effects in patients, limiting their use. Thus, there is an urgent demand to develop a treatment for leishmaniasis. Recently, it was demonstrated that 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) showed significant leishmanicidal effects in vitro and in vivo. Based on that, this work aimed to develop a topical formulation containing 8-HQ and assess its activity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. 8-HQ was formulated using a Beeler base at 1 and 2% and showed an emulsion size with a D50 of 25 and 51.3 µm, respectively, with a shear-thinning rheological behaviour. The creams were able to permeate artificial Strat-M membranes and excised porcine skin without causing any morphological changes in the porcine skin or murine skin tested. In BALB/c mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis, topical treatment with creams containing 1 or 2% of 8-HQ was found to reduce the parasite burden and lesion size compared to infected controls with comparable efficacy to Glucantime® (50 mg/kg) administered at the site of the cutaneous lesion. In the histological section of the skin from infected controls, a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate with many heavily infected macrophages that were associated with areas of necrosis was observed. On the other hand, animals treated with both creams showed only moderate inflammatory infiltrate, characterised by few infected macrophages, while tissue necrosis was not observed. These histological characteristics in topically treated animals were associated with an increase in the amount of IFN-γ and a reduction in IL-4 levels. The topical use of 8-HQ was active in decreasing tissue parasitism and should therefore be considered an interesting alternative directed to the treatment of leishmaniasis, considering that this type of treatment is non-invasive, painless, and, importantly, does not require hospitalisation, improving patient compliance by allowing the treatment to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kymberly Santos de Lima
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ítalo Novaes Cavallone
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Dolores Remedios Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (B.J.A.)
| | - Brayan J. Anaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (B.J.A.)
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- CRUK Formulation Unit, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - João Henrique Ghilardi Lago
- Center for Natural and Human Science (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (J.H.G.L.); (D.C.d.S.S.)
| | - Dalete Christine da Silva Souza
- Center for Natural and Human Science (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, SP, Brazil; (J.H.G.L.); (D.C.d.S.S.)
| | - Gabriela Pustiglione Marinsek
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Beatriz Soares Lopes
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Renata de Britto Mari
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil; (S.K.S.d.L.); (Í.N.C.); (G.P.M.); (B.S.L.); (R.d.B.M.)
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, São Vicente 11350-011, SP, Brazil
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Belda W, Casolato ATS, Luppi JB, Passero LFD, Criado PR. Primary Cutaneous Cryptococcosis Caused by Cryptococcus gatti in an Elderly Patient. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7090206. [PMID: 36136617 PMCID: PMC9501260 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7090206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the spread of Cryptococcus sp., fungal infections can be classified as primary or secondary. In primary cutaneous cryptococcosis, the fungi are restricted to the skin of the patients, without systemic involvement. The incidence of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis is high in patients with immunosuppression, and this type of infection is rarely observed in patients who are immunocompetent. In the present case report, a patient who is immunocompetent and has systemic comorbidity reported that, after skin trauma, ulcerovegetative lesions appeared in the right upper arm; the etiologic agent was identified as Cryptococcus gatti, serotype B. The cutaneous lesions healed completely after 5 months of fluconazole treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Belda
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana T. S. Casolato
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana B. Luppi
- Dermatology Department, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Clinics Hospital, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D. Passero
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, Brazil
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente 11350-011, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Criado
- ABC School of Medicine, Fundação Universitária do ABC (FUABC), Santo André 09060-870, Brazil
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Floro e Silva M, Roque GAS, Machado DDA, Rocha FJS, Giorgio S. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis replicates in mouse bone marrow. Acta Trop 2022; 230:106407. [PMID: 35304124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by species of the protozoan Leishmania. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis causes the cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms of the disease. Experimental cutaneous infection of mice is one of the most important preclinical research models of leishmaniasis. Here, we investigated the course of infection in mice inoculated with two reference strains of L. (V.) braziliensis (MHOM/BR/00/BA788 strain [BA] and MHOM/BR/94/H-3227 strain [CE]). Although both parasite strains induced detectable footpad lesions, BA-infected mice developed small non-ulcerated lesions that self-healed, whereas CE-infected mice developed small non-ulcerated lesions that did not regress. The parasites were detected in the footpad lesions, lymph nodes draining the site of inoculation, spleen, and bone marrow of mice infected with BA or CE parasites at 6 and 25 weeks post-inoculation. These data indicate that L (V.) braziliensis-infected mice harbor parasites that spread, even when these animals do not display overt lesions. In addition, this is the first report of the presence of the parasite in the bone marrow of mice inoculated with L. (V.) braziliensis.
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Chanyalew M, Abebe M, Endale B, Girma S, Tasew G, van Zandbergen G, Ritter U, Gadisa E, Aseffa A, Laskay T. Enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in Ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis upon exposure to Leishmania aethiopica. Cytokine 2020; 145:155289. [PMID: 32951968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course and outcome of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) vary due to the infecting Leishmania species and host genetic makeup that result in different immune responses against the parasites. The host immune response to Leishmania aethiopica (L.aethiopica), the causative agent of CL in Ethiopia, is poorly understood. To contribute to the understanding of the protective immune response in CL due to L.aethiopica, we characterized the cytokine response to L. aethiopica in patients with the localized form of CL (LCL) and age-and sex-matched apparently healthy controls. By applying a whole blood based in vitro culture we found enhanced release of TNF, IL-6, MCP-1 or CCL2, IP-10 or CXCL10, MIP-1β or CCL4 and IL-8 or CXCL8- but not of IL-10CL patients in response to L. aethiopica compared to the controls. No difference was observed between LCL cases and controls in the secretion of these cytokines and chemokines in whole blood cultures treated with the TLR-ligands LPS, MALP-2 or polyI: C. The observed increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines reflects an enhanced response against the parasites by LCL patients as compared to healthy controls rather than a generally enhanced ability of blood leukocytes from LCL patients to respond to microbial constituents. Our findings suggest that the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines is associated with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L.aethiopica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menberework Chanyalew
- Research and Innovation Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Markos Abebe
- Research and Innovation Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Birtukan Endale
- Research and Innovation Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Selfu Girma
- Research and Innovation Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Geremew Tasew
- Research and Innovation Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Ethiopia Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ger van Zandbergen
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen D-63225, Germany.
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Endalamaw Gadisa
- Research and Innovation Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Research and Innovation Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, D-23560 Lübeck, Germany.
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Lalatsa A, Statts L, Adriana de Jesus J, Adewusi O, Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela M, Bolas-Fernandez F, Dalastra Laurenti M, Felipe Domingues Passero L, Serrano DR. Topical buparvaquone nano-enabled hydrogels for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119734. [PMID: 32777535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease presenting cutaneous, mucosal and visceral forms and affecting an estimated 12 million mostly low-income people. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is recommended to expedite healing, reduce risk of scarring, prevent parasite dissemination to other mucocutaneous (common with New World species) or visceral forms and reduce the chance of relapse, but remains an unmet need. Available treatments are painful, prolonged (>20 days) and require hospitalisation, which increases the cost of therapy. Here we present the development of optimised topical self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) loaded with buparvaquone (BPQ, a hydroxynapthoquinone from the open Malaria Box) for the treatment of CL from New World species. The administration of topical BPQ-SNEDDS gels for 7 days resulted in a reduction of parasite load of 99.989 ± 0.019% similar to the decrease achieved with intralesionally administered Glucantime® (99.873 ± 0.204%) in a L. amazonensis BALB/c model. In vivo efficacy was supported by ex vivo permeability and in vivo tape stripping studies. BPQ-SNEDDS and their hydrogels demonstrated linear flux across non-infected CD-1 mouse skin ex vivo of 182.4 ± 63.0 μg cm-2 h-1 and 57.6 ± 10.8 μg cm-2 h-1 respectively localising BPQ within the skin in clinically effective concentrations (227.0 ± 45.9 μg and 103.8 ± 33.8 μg) respectively. These levels are therapeutic as BPQ-SNEDDS and their gels showed nanomolar in vitro efficacy against L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis amastigotes with excellent selectivity index toward parasites versus murine macrophages. In vivo tape stripping experiments indicated localisation of BPQ within the stratum corneum and dermis. Histology studies confirmed the reduction of parasitism and indicated healing in animals treated with BPQ-SNEDDS hydrogels. These results highlight the potential clinical capability of nano-enabled BPQ hydrogels towards a non-invasive treatment for CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Larry Statts
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Jéssica Adriana de Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Olivia Adewusi
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Edificio Seminario s/n, 46113-Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolas-Fernandez
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, 11350-011 São Vicente, SP, Brazil; Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology and Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, University Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yamamoto ES, de Jesus JA, Bezerra-Souza A, Brito JR, Lago JHG, Laurenti MD, Passero LFD. Tolnaftate inhibits ergosterol production and impacts cell viability of Leishmania sp. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104056. [PMID: 32653607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The treatment of all forms of leishmaniasis relies on first-line drug, pentavalent antimonial, and in cases of drug failure, the second-line drug amphotericin B has been used. Besides the high toxicity of drugs, parasites can be resistant to antimonial in some areas of the World, making it necessary to perform further studies for the characterization of new antileishmanial agents. Thus, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of tolnaftate, a selective reversible and non-competitive inhibitor of the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, essential to maintain membrane physiology in fungi as well as trypanosomatids. Tolnaftate eliminated promastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (L.) infantum (EC50 ~ 10 μg/mL and SI ~ 20 for all leishmanial species), and intracellular amastigote forms of all studied species (EC50 ~ 23 μg/mL in infections caused by dermatotropic species; and 11.7 μg/mL in infection caused by viscerotropic species) with high selectivity toward parasites [SI ~ 8 in infections caused by dermatotropic species and 17.4 for viscerotropic specie]. Promastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis treated with the EC50 of tolnaftate displayed morphological and physiological changes in the mitochondria and cell membrane. Additionally, promastigote forms treated with tolnaftate EC50 reduced the level of ergosterol by 5.6 times in comparison to the control parasites. Altogether, these results suggest that tolnaftate has leishmanicidal activity towards Leishmania sp., is selective, affects the cell membrane and mitochondria of parasites and, moreover, inhibits ergosterol production in L. (L.) amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Seiji Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Adriana de Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bezerra-Souza
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Brito
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-180 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-180 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, São Vicente, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Vicente, Av. João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, 11350-011 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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Bezerra IPS, Costa-Souza BLS, Carneiro G, Ferreira LAM, de Matos Guedes HL, Rossi-Bergmann B. Nanoencapsulated retinoic acid as a safe tolerogenic adjuvant for intranasal vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis. Vaccine 2019; 37:3660-3667. [PMID: 31133469 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal, but not peripheral, vaccination with whole Leishmania amazonensis antigen (LaAg) effectively protects mice against leishmaniasis, likely through a tolerogenic mechanism. Given the crucial role of retinoic acid (RA) in CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and mucosal tolerance, here we evaluated the capacity of RA to improve intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with LaAg. To prevent degradation and possible mucosa irritation, RA was encapsulated in solid lipid nanoparticles (RA-SLN). Thus, BALB/c mice were given two i.n. doses of LaAg alone or in association with RA-SLN (LaAg/RA-SLN) prior to challenge with L. amazonensis. No histological sign of irritation or inflammation was produced in the nasal mucosa after RA-SLN administration. LaAg/RA-SLN vaccine was more effective in delaying lesion growth and reducing parasite burdens than LaAg alone (96% and 61% reduction, respectively). At two months after challenge, both vaccinated groups displayed similar T helper (Th) 1-skewed in situ cytokine responses, different from early infection where both Th1 and Th2 responses were suppressed, except for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β mRNA, that was higher in mice given RA-SLN. At the mucosa, RA-SLN promoted enhanced expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg population. In sum, these data show that RA-SLN is an effective and safe tolerogenic adjuvant for i.n. vaccination against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella P S Bezerra
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz L S Costa-Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carneiro
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Bezerra IPDS, Oliveira-Silva G, Braga DSFS, de Mello MF, Pratti JES, Pereira JC, da Fonseca-Martins AM, Firmino-Cruz L, Maciel-Oliveira D, Ramos TD, Vale AM, Gomes DCO, Rossi-Bergmann B, de Matos Guedes HL. Dietary Vitamin D3 Deficiency Increases Resistance to Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Infection in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:88. [PMID: 31024859 PMCID: PMC6467002 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by Leishmania parasites, which have different clinical manifestations. Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is endemic in South America and causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which can evolve into a diffuse form, characterized by an anergic immune response. Since the leishmaniases mainly affect poor populations, it is important to understand the involvement of immunonutrition, how the immune system is modulated by dietary nutrients and the effect this has on Leishmania infection. Vitamin D3 (VitD) is an immunonutrient obtained from diet or endogenously synthesized, which suppresses Th1 and Th17 responses by favoring T helper (Th) 2 and regulatory T cell (Treg) generation. Based on these findings, this study aims to evaluate dietary VitD influence on L. (L.) amazonensis experimental infection in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Thus, C57BL/6 and BALB/c VitD deficient (VDD) mice were generated through dietary VitD restriction 45 days prior to infection. Both strains of VDD mice showed a more controlled lesion development compared to mice on a regular diet (Ctrl). There were no differences in serum levels of anti-Leishmania IgG1 and IgG2a, but there was a decrease in IgE levels in BALB/c VDD mice. Although CD4+ T cell number was not changed, the CD4+ IFN-y+ T cell population was increased in both absolute number and percentage in C57BL/6 and BALB/c VDD mice compared to Ctrl mice. There was also no difference in IL-4 and IL-17 production, however, there was reduction of IL-10 production in VDD mice. Together, our data indicate that VitD contributes to murine cutaneous leishmaniasis susceptibility and that the Th1 cell population may be related to the resistance of VDD mice to L. (L.) amazonensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Oliveira-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian França de Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Joyce Carvalho Pereira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luan Firmino-Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo Maciel-Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Diniz Ramos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Macedo Vale
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa UFRJ - Xerém em Biologia, UFRJ Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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9
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Ethnopharmacology Study of Plants from Atlantic Forest with Leishmanicidal Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8780914. [PMID: 30867670 PMCID: PMC6379840 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8780914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan belonging to Leishmania genus. Different clinical outcomes can be observed depending on the parasite species and patient's health condition. The outcomes can range from single cutaneous lesions to lethal visceral form. The treatment of all forms of leishmaniasis is based on pentavalent antimonials, and, in some cases, the second-line drug, amphotericin B, is used. Beside the toxicity of both classes of drugs, in some areas of the world, parasites are resistant to antimonial. These detrimental features make fundamental the discovery and characterization of new drugs or plant extracts with leishmanicidal effects. Brazil is a well-known country for its biodiversity. Additionally, the common knowledge inherited for generations in small villages makes Brazil a source of new information and resources for the discovery and development of new drugs. Based on ethnopharmacology, elderlies were interviewed about plants they commonly used for skin diseases and infections. Five native plants from Atlantic forest were indicated; EtOH and n-hexane extracts were prepared with the vegetative organs of the plants and assayed against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis. The major molecules of each extract were detected using qualitative nuclear magnetic resonance. Among all tested extracts, the n-hexane extract from the leave of Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae), enriched in myricitrin and quercitrin flavonoids, was the most effective against L. (L.) amazonensis amastigotes. This data supports the ethnopharmacology approach as a successful tool for the discovery of new drugs with leishmanicidal effects.
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10
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Celes FS, Trovatti E, Khouri R, Van Weyenbergh J, Ribeiro SJL, Borges VM, Barud HS, de Oliveira CI. DETC-based bacterial cellulose bio-curatives for topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38330. [PMID: 27922065 PMCID: PMC5138610 DOI: 10.1038/srep38330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of leishmaniasis still relies on drugs with potentially serious adverse effects. Herein, we tested a topical formulation of bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes containing Diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), a superoxide dismutase 1 inhibitor. Leishmania-infected macrophages exposed to BC-DETC resulted in parasite killing, without pronounced toxic effects to host cells. This outcome was associated with lower SOD1 activity and higher production of superoxide and cytokine mediators. Topical application of BC-DETC significantly decreased lesion size, parasite load and the inflammatory response at the infection site, as well as the production of both IFN-γ and TNF. Combination of topical BC-DETC plus intraperitoneal Sbv also significantly reduced disease development and parasite load. The leishmanicidal effect of BC-DETC was extended to human macrophages infected with L. braziliensis, highlighting the feasibility of BC-DETC as a topical formulation for chemotherapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliane Trovatti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Universidade de Araraquara-UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, K. U. Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Hernane S Barud
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Universidade de Araraquara-UNIARA, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila I de Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Falcão SDAC, Jaramillo TMG, Ferreira LG, Bernardes DM, Santana JM, Favali CBF. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis: Differences and Similarities to Evade the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2016; 7:287. [PMID: 27536300 PMCID: PMC4971394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe form of the disease, caused by Leishmania infantum in the New World. Patients present an anergic immune response that favors parasite establishment and spreading through tissues like bone marrow and liver. On the other hand, Leishmania braziliensis causes localized cutaneous lesions, which can be self-healing in some individuals. Interactions between host and parasite are essential to understand disease pathogenesis and progression. In this context, dendritic cells (DCs) act as essential bridges that connect innate and adaptive immune responses. In this way, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of these two Leishmania species, in some aspects of human DCs' biology for better understanding of the evasion mechanisms of Leishmania from host innate immune response. To do so, DCs were obtained from monocytes from whole peripheral blood of healthy volunteer donors and from those infected with L. infantum or L. braziliensis for 24 h. We observed similar rates of infection (around 40%) as well as parasite burden for both Leishmania species. Concerning surface molecules, we observed that both parasites induced CD86 expression when DCs were infected for 24 h. On the other hand, we detected a lower surface expression of CD209 in the presence of both L. braziliensis and L. infantum, but only the last one promoted the survival of DCs after 24 h. Therefore, DCs infected by both Leishmania species showed a higher expression of CD86 and a decrease of CD209 expression, suggesting that both enter DCs through CD209 molecule. However, only L. infantum had the ability to inhibit DC apoptotic death, as an evasion mechanism that enables its spreading to organs like bone marrow and liver. Lastly, L. braziliensis was more silent parasite, once it did not inhibit DC apoptosis in our in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Athayde Couto Falcão
- Department of Cell Biology, Biology Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT), University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M G Jaramillo
- Department of Cell Biology, Biology Institute, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Luciana G Ferreira
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT), University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Daniela M Bernardes
- Department of Cell Biology, Biology Institute, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Jaime M Santana
- Department of Cell Biology, Biology Institute, University of Brasília , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Cecília B F Favali
- Department of Cell Biology, Biology Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Núcleo de Medicina Tropical (NMT), University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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