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Andersen MK, Rüdiger IH, Vestergaard AL, Palarasah Y, Bor P, Larsen A, Bor MV. Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated With Increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 Ratio in Pregnancy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231201855. [PMID: 37722759 PMCID: PMC10510367 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231201855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has recently been suggested as an independent risk factor for thrombosis. Notably, vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant populations, whom already have an increased thrombotic risk. However, pregnant women are commonly excluded from studies investigating the hemostatic system, and knowledge on the impact of vitamin D on hemostasis in pregnancy is therefore limited. METHODS A cross-sectional study comparing the hemostatic profile of pregnant women (gestational week 12.9 ± 0.7) with vitamin D deficiency (≤50 nmol/L) (n = 70) and high adequate vitamin D status (≥100 nmol/L) (n = 59). RESULTS Vitamin D deficient women displayed increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels and an increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1/plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ratio, even after adjusting for factors with potential influence on hemostasis (body mass index, smoking and use of fish oil supplements). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1/plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ratio in pregnant women. As an increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1/plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 ratio with high plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels may increase thrombotic risk and is associated with the development of pregnancy complications, further research is needed to determine the optimal vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Kanstrup Andersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Louise Vestergaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Unit for Cancer and Inflammation, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pinar Bor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Vakur Bor
- Department of Regional Health Research, Thrombosis Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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2
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Gupta MB, Biggar KK, Li C, Nathanielsz PW, Jansson T. Increased Colocalization and Interaction Between Decidual Protein Kinase A and Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-1 in Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:515-530. [PMID: 35801847 DOI: 10.1369/00221554221112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased phosphorylation of decidual insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) can contribute to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) by decreasing the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, the molecular mechanisms regulating IGFBP-1 phosphorylation at the maternal-fetal interface are poorly understood. Protein kinase A (PKA) is required for normal decidualization. Consensus sequences for PKA are present in IGFBP-1. We hypothesized that the expression/interaction of PKA with decidual IGFBP-1 is increased in IUGR. Parallel reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (PRM-MS) identified multiple PKA peptides (n=>30) co-immunoprecipitating with IGFBP-1 in decidualized primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESC). PRM-MS also detected active PKApThr197 and greater site-specific IGFBP-1 phosphorylation(pSer119), (pSer98+pSer101) (pSer169+pSer174) in response to hypoxia. Hypoxia promoted colocalization [dual immunofluorescence (IF)] of PKA with IGFBP-1 in decidualized HESC. Colocalization (IF) and interaction (proximity ligation assay) of PKA and IGFBP-1 were increased in decidua collected from placenta of human IUGR pregnancies (n=8) compared with decidua from pregnancies with normal fetal growth. Similar changes were detected in decidual PKA/IGFBP-1 using placenta from baboons subjected to maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) vs controls (n=3 each). In baboons, these effects were evident in MNR at gestational day 120 prior to IUGR onset. Increased PKA-mediated phosphorylation of decidual IGFBP-1 may contribute to decreased IGF-1 bioavailability in the maternal-fetal interface in IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle K Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cun Li
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | | | - Thomas Jansson
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas.,Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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3
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Schapkaitz E, Libhaber E, Jacobson BF, Toman M, Gerber A, Büller HR. Evaluation of markers of fibrinolysis and coagulation in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus. Thromb Res 2022; 217:1-8. [PMID: 35810616 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pregnant women is characterized by immune activation and inflammation despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). The extent to which ongoing inflammation contributes to activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included pregnant women in the following three groups: HIV negative (n = 109), HIV infected virologically suppressed (n = 109) and HIV infected with HIV viral load (VL) of >50 copies/mL (n = 80). Fibrinolytic activity was evaluated by measuring d-dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as well as thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex concentrations, as an index of coagulation, in the first, second and third trimesters. RESULTS In this population, with a mean age of 33 ± 6 years, pregnancy outcomes were recorded for 277 (93.0 %) participants with live births. HIV infected participants with virological suppression and VL of >50 copies/mL showed significantly increasing levels of d-dimer and PAI-1 in the first, second and third trimesters, as compared to HIV negative participants. No significant differences were observed between HIV infected participants with virological suppression and HIV infected participants with VL > 50 copies/mL for levels of first and third trimester d-dimer and PAI-1 in each trimester. In addition, TAT complex levels in the first trimester were significantly increased in HIV infected virologically suppressed participants as compared to HIV negative participants. CONCLUSION HIV infected virologically suppressed pregnant women show evidence of persistently impaired markers of fibrinolysis. Future research should explore the risk of adverse pregnancy complications among HIV infected pregnant women in the modern era of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Schapkaitz
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital National Health Laboratory System Complex and University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
| | - Elena Libhaber
- Dept. of Research Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, South Africa
| | - Barry F Jacobson
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital National Health Laboratory System Complex and University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Marketa Toman
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, South Africa
| | - Annika Gerber
- Department of Obstetrics, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa
| | - Harry R Büller
- Dept. of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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The role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in gynecological and obstetrical diseases: an update review. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Wang W, Jia L. Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA-30b on Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE). J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 30:105553. [PMID: 33360521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-30b in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. METHODS Totally 26 cases of neonatal HIE were included in this study. The protein expression levels of CD26P and PAI-1 were detected with ELISA. Serum levels of miR-30b and PAI-1 mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were cultured under hypoxic condition, and the intracellular expression levels of miR-30b and PAI-1 were evaluated. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the interaction between miR-30b and PAI-1. RESULTS Compared with the control group, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of PAI-1 in the serum were up-regulated in the neonates with HIE, together with up-regulated serum CD26P levels. However, the serum expression level of miR-30b was down-regulated in neonatal HIE. In hypoxia-induced HBMECs, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PAI-1 were significantly up-regulated, while the miR-30b expression level was significantly down-regulated. Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that PAI-1 was the direct target of miR-30b. CONCLUSION Neonatal HIE is accompanied with abnormal platelet activation, significantly up-regulated serum PAI-1 expression levels, and down-regulated miR-30b expression. MiR-30b might regulate the disease pathogenesis and immune responses via modulating PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin hospital, Tianjin 300211, China.
| | - Lifang Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin hospital, Tianjin hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China.
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6
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Rampersaud AM, Dunk CE, Lye SJ, Renaud SJ. Palmitic acid induces inflammation in placental trophoblasts and impairs their migration toward smooth muscle cells through plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:850-865. [PMID: 32898274 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical component of early human placental development includes migration of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the decidua. EVTs migrate toward and displace vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) surrounding several uterine structures, including spiral arteries. Shallow trophoblast invasion features in several pregnancy complications including preeclampsia. Maternal obesity is a risk factor for placental dysfunction, suggesting that factors within an obese environment may impair early placental development. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid circulating at high levels in obese women, induces an inflammatory response in EVTs that hinders their capacity to migrate toward SMCs. We found that SMCs and SMC-conditioned media stimulated migration and invasion of an EVT-like cell line, HTR8/SVneo. Palmitic acid impaired EVT migration and invasion toward SMCs, and induced expression of several vasoactive and inflammatory mediators in EVTs, including endothelin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and PAI1. PAI1 was increased in plasma of women with early-onset preeclampsia, and PAI1-deficient EVTs were protected from the anti-migratory effects of palmitic acid. Using first trimester placental explants, palmitic acid exposure decreased EVT invasion through Matrigel. Our findings reveal that palmitic acid induces an inflammatory response in EVTs and attenuates their migration through a mechanism involving PAI1. High levels of palmitic acid in pathophysiological situations like obesity may impair early placental development and predispose to placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Rampersaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline E Dunk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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7
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Jamshed L, Raez-Villanueva S, Perono GA, Thomas PJ, Holloway AC. The effects of a technical mixture of naphthenic acids on placental trophoblast cell function. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:413-423. [PMID: 32871178 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable concern that naphthenic acids (NA) related to oil extraction can negatively impact reproduction in mammals, yet the mechanisms are unknown. Since placental dysfunction is central to many adverse pregnancy outcomes, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of NA exposure on placental trophoblast cell function. HTR-8/SVneo cells were exposed to a commercial technical NA mixture for 24 hours to assess transcriptional regulation of placentation-related pathways and functional assessment of migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Pathway analysis suggests that NA treatment resulted in increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, there was reduced migration and invasive potential. NA treatment increased angiogenesis-related pathways with a concomitant increase in tube formation. Since decreased trophoblast invasion/migration and aberrant angiogenesis have been associated with placental dysfunction, these findings suggest that it is biologically plausible that exposure to NA may result in altered placental development and/or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Jamshed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON., L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sergio Raez-Villanueva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON., L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Genevieve A Perono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON., L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa ON., Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON., L8S 4K1, Canada.
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8
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Gupta MB, Abu Shehab M, Nygard K, Biggar K, Singal SS, Santoro N, Powell TL, Jansson T. IUGR Is Associated With Marked Hyperphosphorylation of Decidual and Maternal Plasma IGFBP-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:408-422. [PMID: 30124960 PMCID: PMC6306389 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mechanisms underpinning intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), as a result of placental insufficiency, remain poorly understood, no specific treatment is available, and clinically useful biomarkers for early detection are lacking. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that human IUGR is associated with inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and activation of amino acid response (AAR) signaling, increased protein kinase casein kinase-2 (CK2) activity, and increased insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) expression and phosphorylation in decidua and that maternal plasma IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in the first trimester predicts later development of IUGR. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Decidua [n = 16 appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA); n = 16 IUGR] and maternal plasma (n = 13 AGA; n = 13 IUGR) were collected at delivery from two different cohorts. In addition, maternal plasma was obtained in the late first trimester from a third cohort of women (n = 7) who later delivered an AGA or IUGR infant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total IGFBP-1 expression and phosphorylation (Ser101/Ser119/Ser169), mTOR, AAR, and CK2 activity in decidua and IGFBP-1 concentration and phosphorylation in maternal plasma. RESULTS We show that decidual IGFBP-1 expression and phosphorylation are increased, mTOR is markedly inhibited, and AAR and CK2 are activated in IUGR. Moreover, IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in first-trimester maternal plasma is associated with the development of IUGR. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with the possibility that the decidua functions as a nutrient sensor linking limited oxygen and nutrient availability to increased IGFBP-1 phosphorylation, possibly mediated by mTOR and AAR signaling. IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation in first-trimester maternal plasma may serve as a predictive IUGR biomarker, allowing early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Madhulika B. Gupta, PhD, Children’s Health Research Institute, VRL Room A5-136 (WC), 800 Commissioners Road E., London, Ontario N6C 2VD, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Majida Abu Shehab
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahil S Singal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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9
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Sales F, Peralta OA, Narbona E, McCoard S, De Los Reyes M, González-Bulnes A, Parraguez VH. Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Are Associated with Reduced Fetal Growth in Twin and Undernourished Sheep Pregnancies. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8110217. [PMID: 30463237 PMCID: PMC6262616 DOI: 10.3390/ani8110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight has profound implications for perinatal mortality and morbidity in lambs, causing higher mortality and lower growth potential. Low birth weight, as a consequence of fetal growth restriction, occurs in undernourished and multiple pregnancies, where hypoxia and oxidative stress could play a critical role. Our aim was to establish the effects of nutritional deprivation and pregnancy rank on fetal growth, oxygenation, and oxidative status in sheep pregnancies under extensive Patagonian conditions. At 30 days after mating, single- and twin-bearing ewes were offered only natural pasture (undernutrition group) or natural pasture plus concentrate supplementation (well-nourished group). At day 140 of gestation, blood gases and redox status were evaluated in venous cord blood, and fetal biometric characteristics were obtained after cesarean section. Both maternal undernutrition and twinning led to decreased oxygen supply to the fetuses (p = 0.016 and p = 0.050, respectively), which was associated with decreased intrauterine growth (r = 0.446, p < 0.01). Moreover, twinning increased oxidative stress in cord blood (p < 0.05), which might also contribute to fetal growth restriction. These results reinforce the importance of maternal nutrition, especially for those ewes bearing multiples, and opens new possibilities for nutritional or antioxidant interventions for preventing fetal hypoxia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar A Peralta
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Eileen Narbona
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Sue McCoard
- AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Mónica De Los Reyes
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- INIA-Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor H Parraguez
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile.
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10
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Chen YY, Gupta MB, Grattton R, Powell TL, Jansson T. Down-regulation of placental folate transporters in intrauterine growth restriction. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:136-141. [PMID: 29986308 PMCID: PMC6129407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Folate deficiency in pregnancy is associated with neural tube defects, restricted fetal growth and fetal programming of diseases later in life. Fetal folate availability is dependent on maternal folate levels and placental folate transport capacity, mediated by two key transporters, Folate Receptor-α and Reduced Folate Carrier (RFC). We tested the hypothesis that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with decreased folate transporter expression and activity in isolated syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membranes (MVM). Women with pregnancies complicated by IUGR (birth weight <3rd percentile, mean birth weight 1804±110 g, gestational age 35.7±0.61 weeks, n=25) and women delivering an appropriately-for gestational age infant (control group, birth weight 25th-75th centile, mean birth weight 2493±216 g, gestational age 33.9±0.95 weeks, n=19) were recruited and placentas were collected at delivery. MVM was isolated and folate transporter protein expression was measured using Western blot and transporter activity was determined using radiolabelled methyltetrahydrofolic acid and rapid filtration. Whereas the expression of FR-α was unaffected, MVM RFC protein expression was significantly decreased in the IUGR group (-34%, P<.05). IUGR MVM had a significantly lower folate uptake compared to the control group (-38%, P<.05). In conclusion, placental folate transport capacity is decreased in IUGR, which may contribute to the restricted fetal growth and intrauterine programming of childhood and adult disease. These findings suggest that continuation of folate supplementation in the second and third trimester is of particular importance in pregnancies complicated by IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yung Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO, USA; Division of High-risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Rob Grattton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO, USA.
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11
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Singal SS, Nygard K, Gratton R, Jansson T, Gupta MB. Increased Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 Phosphorylation in Decidualized Stromal Mesenchymal Cells in Human Intrauterine Growth Restriction Placentas. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:617-630. [PMID: 29718759 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418772574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is often caused by placental insufficiency, which is believed to be associated with decreased delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the placental barrier. We recently reported that hypoxia and/or leucine deprivation triggered hyperphosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in decidualized human immortalized endometrial stromal cells (HIESCs), resulting in decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) bioactivity. To test the hypothesis that human IUGR is associated with increased decidual IGFBP-1 phosphorylation at discrete sites, we used IUGR and gestational age matched appropriate for gestational age (AGA) placentas ( n=5 each). We performed dual immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) using IGFBP-1 and vimentin as decidual and mesenchymal markers, respectively. Employing a unique strategy with imaging software, we extracted signal intensity of IGFBP-1 expressed specifically from truly decidualized cells of the placenta. Relative IGFBP-1 was increased (85%; p=0.0001) and using custom phospho-site-specific antibodies, we found that IGFBP-1 phosphorylation (pSer101; +40%, p=0.0677/pSer119; +60%, p=0.0064/pSer169; +100%, p=0.0021) was markedly enhanced in IUGR. Together, our data links for the first time, increased decidual IGFBP-1 phosphorylation at discrete sites with human IUGR. These novel findings suggest that hyperphosphorylation of IGFBP-1 in decidualized stromal mesenchymal decidua basalis contributes to potentially elevated levels of phosphorylated IGFBP-1 in maternal circulation in IUGR pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil S Singal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Gratton
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Li B, Hu J, Chen X. MicroRNA-30b protects myocardial cell function in patients with acute myocardial ischemia by targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5125-5132. [PMID: 29805539 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and microRNA (miR)-30b in the blood of patients with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) and in the blood and myocardial tissue of mice with AMI. In addition, the present study aimed to identify the mechanism of action of miR-30b in AMI. A total of 36 patients with AMI were included in the present study and 28 healthy subjects were included as a control. Peripheral blood was collected from all subjects. For animal experiments, mice in the AMI group received an intraperitoneal injection of pituitrin (20 U/kg), whereas mice in the negative control group received an intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of saline. Blood and myocardial tissue was collected from all mice for analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of PAI-1 mRNA and miR-30b in the serum and myocardial tissue. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure the expression of PAI-1 protein in the serum of humans and mice, whereas western blotting was performed to determine the expression of PAI-1 protein in mouse myocardial tissue. Catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity was measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. A dual luciferase assay was performed to identify the interactions between PAI-1 mRNA and miR-30b. The results indicated that patients with AMI have higher PAI-1 levels and lower miR-30b expression in the peripheral blood compared with healthy subjects. AMI damaged the myocardium tissue of mice and reduced catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity. Mice that have undergone AMI exhibit increased PAI-1 levels but decreased miR-30b expression in the peripheral blood and myocardial tissues. It was also demonstrated that miR-30b is able to bind to the 3'-untranslated region of PAI-1 mRNA to regulate its expression. The present study demonstrates that patients with AMI exhibit decreased miR-30b expression and elevated PAI-1 expression in the peripheral blood. miR-30b may therefore inhibit the damage to myocardial cells that occurs following AMI and protect myocardial cell function by targeting PAI-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan 471009, P.R. China
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Singal SS, Nygard K, Dhruv MR, Biggar K, Shehab MA, Li SSC, Jansson T, Gupta MB. Co-Localization of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, Casein Kinase-2β, and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells as Demonstrated by Dual Immunofluorescence and in Situ Proximity Ligation Assay. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:111-124. [PMID: 29037858 PMCID: PMC5745526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 influences fetal growth by modifying insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) bioavailability. IGFBP-1 phosphorylation, which markedly increases its affinity for IGF-I, is regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and casein kinase (CSNK)-2. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We examined the cellular localization and potential interactions of IGFBP-1, CSNK-2β, and mTOR as a prerequisite for protein-protein interaction. Analysis of dual immunofluorescence images indicated a potential perinuclear co-localization between IGFBP-1 and CSNK-2β and a nuclear co-localization between CSNK-2β and mTOR. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) indicated proximity between IGFBP-1 and CSNK-2β as well as mTOR and CSNK-2β but not between mTOR and IGFBP-1. Three-dimensional rendering of the PLA images validated that IGFBP-1 and CSNK-2β interactions were in the perinuclear region and mTOR and CSNK-2β interactions were also predominantly perinuclear rather than nuclear as indicated by mTOR and CSNK-2β co-localization. Compared with control, hypoxia and rapamycin treatment showed markedly amplified PLA signals for IGFBP-1 and CSNK-2β (approximately 18-fold, P = 0.0002). Stable isotope labeling with multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry demonstrated that hypoxia and rapamycin treatment increased IGFBP-1 phosphorylation at Ser98/Ser101/Ser119/Ser174 but most considerably (106-fold) at Ser169. We report interactions between CSNK-2β and IGFBP-1 as well as mTOR and CSNK-2β, providing strong evidence of a mechanistic link between mTOR and IGF-I signaling, two critical regulators of cell growth via CSNK-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil S Singal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manthan R Dhruv
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Biggar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majida A Shehab
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn S-C Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, Canada
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Baghlaf H, Spence AR, Czuzoj-Shulman N, Abenhaim HA. Pregnancy outcomes among women with asthma. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:1325-1331. [PMID: 29166819 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1404982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine the association between maternal asthma and pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective cohort study using the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) database from 2003 to 2011. Among women who delivered during this time period, we compared pregnancy, delivery, and neonatal outcomes in asthmatics versus non-asthmatics. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In a cohort of 7,772,999 pregnant women, 223,236 (2.9%) had asthma. The prevalence of asthma-complicated pregnancies rose over the study period from 1.9% in 2003 to 3.7% in 2011 (p < .001). Pregnant asthmatics had more pre-existing health conditions, such as diabetes, chronic hypertension, obesity, and thyroid disease, and were more likely to smoke. Even after adjustment for these comorbidities, and other covariates, within statistical models, asthma was found to be associated with greater risk of several pregnancy complications: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta previa, preterm premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, chorioamnionitis, preterm delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, venous thromboembolism, caesarean section delivery, and maternal mortality. Neonates born to asthmatics had greater risk of being small for gestational age and for having congenital anomalies, and lower risk of intrauterine fetal death. CONCLUSIONS Asthma is associated with an increase in adverse pregnancy, labor, and neonatal outcomes. Close surveillance of asthmatic patients during the prenatal period is warranted and care in a tertiary hospital is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Baghlaf
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Andrea R Spence
- b Center for Clinical Epidemiology , Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Nicholas Czuzoj-Shulman
- b Center for Clinical Epidemiology , Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , Canada
| | - Haim Arie Abenhaim
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , Canada.,b Center for Clinical Epidemiology , Jewish General Hospital, McGill University , Montreal , Canada
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15
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Milenkovic J, Milojkovic M, Jevtovic Stoimenov T, Djindjic B, Miljkovic E. Mechanisms of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 action in stromal remodeling and related diseases. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017; 161:339-347. [PMID: 29097819 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2017.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is the main physiologic inhibitor of fibrinolysis. However, it is also involved in many physiological processes such as extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis and remodeling, cell adhesion, motility, and apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc. The aim of the study was to summarize current knowledge and gain insights into the mechanisms of PAI-1 action in the processes of stromal remodeling and diseases with considerable matrix pathologies (atherosclerosis, tissue fibrosis, cancer metastasis, pregnancy related complications, etc). As a component of an early cellular response to injury, PAI-1 reacts with membrane surface proteins and participates in the initiation of intracellular signaling, specifically cytoskeletal reorganization and motility. Complexity of ECM homeostasis resides in varying relation of the plasminogen system components and other matrix constituents. Inflammatory mediators (transforming growth factor-β and interferon-γ) and hormones (angiotensin II) are in the close interdependent relation with PAI-1. Also, special attention is devoted to the role of increased PAI-1 concentrations due to the common 4G/5G polymorphism. Some of the novel mechanisms of ECM modification consider PAI-1 dependent stabilization of urokinase mediated cell adhesion, control of the vascular endothelial cadherin trafficking and interaction with endothelial cells proteasome, its relation to matrix metalloproteinase 2 and osteopontin, and oxidative inhibition by myeloperoxidase. Targeting and/or alteration of PAI-1 functions might bring benefit to the future therapeutic approaches in diseases where ECM undergoes substantial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milenkovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojkovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Boris Djindjic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Nis, Serbia
| | - Edita Miljkovic
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Clinic, Clinical Center in Nis, Serbia
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Shehab MA, Biggar K, Singal SS, Nygard K, Shun-Cheng Li S, Jansson T, Gupta MB. Exposure of decidualized HIESC to low oxygen tension and leucine deprivation results in increased IGFBP-1 phosphorylation and reduced IGF-I bioactivity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 452:1-14. [PMID: 28435049 PMCID: PMC5957756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of decidual IGFBP-1 enhances binding of IGF-I, limiting the bioavailability of this growth factor which may contribute to reduced placental and fetal growth. The mechanisms regulating decidual IGFBP-1 phosphorylation are incompletely understood. Using decidualized human immortalized endometrial stromal cells we tested the hypothesis that low oxygen tension or reduced leucine availability, believed to be common in placental insufficiency, increase the phosphorylation of decidual IGFBP-1. Multiple reaction monitoring-MS (MRM-MS) was used to quantify IGFBP-1 phosphorylation. MRM-MS validated the novel phosphorylation of IGFBP-1 at Ser58, however this site was unaffected by low oxygen tension/leucine deprivation. In contrast, significantly elevated phosphorylation was detected for pSer119, pSer98/pSer101 and pSer169/pSer174 sites. Immunoblotting and dual-immunofluorescence using phosphosite-specific IGFBP-1 antibodies further demonstrated increased IGFBP-1 phosphorylation in HIESC under both treatments which concomitantly reduced IGF-I bioactivity. These data support the hypothesis that down regulation of IGF-I signaling links decidual IGFBP-1 hyperphosphorylation to restricted fetal growth in placental insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majida Abu Shehab
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Biggar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahil Sagar Singal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Department of Biotron, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Shun-Cheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Madhulika B Gupta
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Ye Y, Vattai A, Zhang X, Zhu J, Thaler CJ, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 in Pathologies of Female Reproductive Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081651. [PMID: 28758928 PMCID: PMC5578041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is a state of hypercoagulability with diminishing fibrinolytic activity, which is mainly caused by an increase of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). PAI-1 is the main inhibitor of plasminogen activators, including tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). In human placentas, PAI-1 is expressed in extravillous interstitial trophoblasts and vascular trophoblasts. During implantation and placentation, PAI-1 is responsible for inhibiting extra cellular matrix (ECM) degradation, thereby causing an inhibition of trophoblasts invasion. In the present study, we have reviewed the literature of various reproductive diseases where PAI-1 plays a role. PAI-1 levels are increased in patients with recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL), preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the previous pregnancy, endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In general, an increased expression of PAI-1 in the blood is associated with an increased risk for infertility and a worse pregnancy outcome. GDM and PCOS are related to the genetic role of the 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the role of PAI-1 in reproductive diseases. PAI-1 represents a promising monitoring biomarker for reproductive diseases and may be a treatment target in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ye
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Junyan Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christian J Thaler
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Campus Großhadern: Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich and Campus Innenstadt: Maistr. 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that hypospadias is associated with placenta-mediated pregnancy complication (PMPC). The role of placental lesions is still unclear. We aimed to examine the association between hyposadias and placental pathology, and the effect of PMPC. METHODS Using data from the US Collaborative Perinatal Project in 1959-1966, we identified 15,780 male subjects (167 hypospadias) for analysis. Detailed placental examinations were conducted following a standard protocol. Subjects were divided into two groups according to whether they had PMPC, including small-for-gestational-age, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia or placental abruption. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association. RESULTS The prevalence of hypospadias was two times higher in subjects with PMPC than those without. Compared to pregnancies with PMPC but no hypospadias, those with both PMPC and hypospadias had significant higher prevalence of placental lesions, such as low placental weight, vascular lesions, villous lesions, and membranous insertion of cord (adjusted odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.6 to 5.2) after adjusting for potential confounders. In subjects without PMPC, no significant difference of placental pathology was found between those with or without hypospadias. CONCLUSION About one third of hypospadias cases were complicated with PMPC and had a higher risk of placental lesions, suggesting heterogeneity of hypospadias etiology and mechanisms.
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Serum Cytokines in Young Pediatric Patients with Congenital Cardiac Shunts and Altered Pulmonary Hemodynamics. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7672048. [PMID: 27656048 PMCID: PMC5021473 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7672048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. Inflammation is central in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. We investigated how serum cytokines correlate with clinical features, hemodynamics, and lung histology in young patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital cardiac shunts. Design. Prospective, observational study. Methods and Results. Patients (n = 44) were aged 2.6 to 37.6 months. Group I patients (n = 31) were characterized by pulmonary congestion and higher pulmonary blood flow compared to group II (p = 0.022), with no need for preoperative cardiac catheterization. Group II patients (n = 13) had no congestive features. At catheterization, they had elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (5.7 [4.4–7.4] Wood units·m2, geometric mean with 95% CI). Cytokines were measured by chemiluminescence. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was found to be inversely related to pulmonary blood flow (r = −0.33, p = 0.026) and was higher in group II (high pulmonary vascular resistance) compared to group I (high pulmonary blood flow) (p = 0.017). In contrast, RANTES chemokine (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) was characteristically elevated in Group I (p = 0.022). Interleukin 16 was also negatively related to pulmonary blood flow (rS = −0.33, p = 0.029) and was higher in patients with obstructive vasculopathy at intraoperative lung biopsy (p = 0.021). Conclusion. Cytokines seem to be important and differentially regulated in subpopulations of young patients with cardiac shunts.
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