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Zhang L, Li H, Hu L, Ou X, Tan H, Zhang X, Lau CT, Lyu A, Bian Z, Zhang X. Reporting characteristics and quality of randomized controlled trial protocols in traditional Chinese medicine: a cross-sectional study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389808. [PMID: 38910893 PMCID: PMC11190156 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The impact of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SPIRIT-TCM) Extension 2018 statement on the reporting quality of randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocols in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is not clear. This review aimed to assess the reporting characteristics and quality of RCT protocols involving interventions such as Chinese herbal medicine formulas (CHMF), acupuncture, and moxibustion published in the last 3 years. Methods We conducted an extensive search among multiple databases, including All EBM Reviews, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), Embase, Ovid MEDLINE(R), PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov for publications in English from 1 January 2020 to 10 August 2023. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of the publications, extracted predetermined information, and evaluated the reporting based on the SPIRIT-TCM Extension 2018 checklist. Results Of the 420 eligible protocols (comprising 163 studies on CHMF, 239 on acupuncture, and 18 on moxibustion), the average reporting compliance rate was only 35.4%. Approximately half of the assessed items fell into the category of poorly reported, demonstrating a compliance rate below 65%. Notably, reporting compliance in acupuncture and moxibustion interventional studies exhibited higher scores than compliance in CHMF studies. Conclusion Continued, concerted, and coordinated efforts are required by journals, editors, reviewers, and investigators to improve the application and promotion of the SPIRIT-TCM Extension 2018 reporting guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Li
- Chinese EQUATOR Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
| | - Lihan Hu
- Chinese EQUATOR Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
| | - Xiangqin Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine in Guizhou, Guizhou, China
| | - Hanzhi Tan
- Chinese EQUATOR Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
| | - Xuanqi Zhang
- Chinese EQUATOR Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
| | - Chung Tai Lau
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
- Vincent V.C. Woo Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- Chinese EQUATOR Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
- Vincent V.C. Woo Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Chinese EQUATOR Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
- Vincent V.C. Woo Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
- Centre for Chinese Herbal Medicine Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, China
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Bhushan A, Rani D, Tabassum M, Kumar S, Gupta PN, Gairola S, Gupta AP, Gupta P. HPLC-PDA Method for Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Crude Extract and Fractions of Aucklandia costus Falc. and Cytotoxicity Studies against Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:4815. [PMID: 37375368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aucklandia costus Falc. (Synonym: Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.) is a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae. The dried rhizome is an essential herb in the traditional systems of medicine in India, China and Tibet. The important pharmacological activities reported for Aucklandia costus are anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fatigue activities. The objective of this study was the isolation and quantification of four marker compounds in the crude extract and different fractions of A. costus and the evaluation of the anticancer activity of the crude extract and its different fractions. The four marker compounds isolated from A. costus include dehydrocostus lactone, costunolide, syringin and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. These four compounds were used as standard compounds for quantification. The chromatographic data showed good resolution and excellent linearity (r2 ˃ 0.993). The validation parameters, such as inter- and intraday precision (RSD < 1.96%) and analyte recovery (97.52-110.20%; RSD < 2.00%),revealed the high sensitivity and reliability of the developed HPLC method. The compounds dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide were concentrated in the hexane fraction (222.08 and 65.07 µg/mg, respectively) and chloroform fraction (99.02 and 30.21 µg/mg, respectively), while the n-butanol fraction is a rich source of syringin (37.91 µg/mg) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (7.94 µg/mg). Further, the SRB assay was performed for the evaluation of anticancer activity using lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. The hexane and chloroform fractions show excellent IC50 values of 3.37 ± 0.14 and 7.527 ± 0.18 µg/mL, respectively, against the prostate cancer cell line (PC-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Bhushan
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dixhya Rani
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Misbah Tabassum
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Saajan Kumar
- Drug Testing Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Plant Science and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ajai P Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Drug Testing Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Zhu J, Chen H, Guo J, Zha C, Lu D. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Cell Pyroptosis via the AMPK Signaling Pathway in Atherosclerosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6293-6306. [PMID: 36408328 PMCID: PMC9673812 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis (AS) is the underlying cause of cardiovascular events. Endothelial cell mitochondrial damage and pyroptosis are important factors contributing to AS. Changes in internal mitochondrial conformation and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead to the disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, which in turn affect atherogenesis by impairing endothelial function. AMPK is a core player in the regulation of cellular metabolism, not only by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis but also by regulating cellular inflammatory responses. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and roles in cardiovascular protection. Purpose In this study, we investigated whether STS plays a protective role in AS by regulating endothelial cell mitochondrial function and pyroptosis through an AMPK-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Methods and Results Male ApoE−/− mice and HUVECs were used for the experiments. We found that STS treatment largely abrogated the upregulation of key proteins in aortic vessel wall plaques and typical pyroptosis signaling in ApoE−/− mice fed a western diet, consequently enhancing pAMPK expression, plaque stabilization, and anti-inflammatory responses. Consistently, STS pretreatment inhibited cholesterol crystallization (CC) -induced cell pyroptosis and activated pAMPK expression. In vitro, using HUVECs, we further found that STS treatment ameliorated mitochondrial ROS caused by CC, as evidenced by the finding that STS inhibited mitochondrial damage caused by CC. The improvement of endothelial cell mitochondrial function by STS is blocked by dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor). Consistently, the blockade of endothelial cell pyroptosis by STS is disrupted by dorsomorphin. Conclusion Our results suggest that STS enhances maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and inhibits mitochondrial ROS overproduction via AMPK, thereby improving endothelial cell pyroptosis during AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zha
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dezhao Lu, Email
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Ming X, Yin M, Liyan W. Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Chinese Medicinal Herbs: Lonicerae flos, Lonicerae japonicae flos, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and Forsythia suspensa. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221136673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) represents a potent, safe, and efficacious reservoir of treatment options against an array of microbial infections and inflammatory diseases. It has a long history of positive clinical outcomes with minimal or no side effects while enhancing and bolstering the host's protection against infections. With its unique ability to prevent, treat, and manage a wide range of diseased conditions, CHM has been successfully practiced in China for thousands of years. In the modern medical era, where harsh therapeutic drugs and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) present a significant challenge, CHM warrants further exploration. The present review highlights and focuses on 4 major CHM-based herbs, that is, ( Lonicerae flos [ LF] , Lonicerae japonicae flos [ LJF] , Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi [ SBG] , and Forsythia suspensa [ FS]) in terms of their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory efficacies. A detailed literature survey was done by the team using a systematic electronic search from PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Research Gate, books, etc. This was followed by data collecting, pertinent data extraction, in-depth analysis, and composing the final review. Each herb has been discussed in detail describing its mechanism adopted and the bioactive components involved in alleviating bacterial infections and inflammatory damage. Further, proof of efficacy by detailing the major past studies and major findings has been discussed for each of the 4 herbs. This review will give the scientific community the opportunity to update their knowledge on the subject, which is crucial for heralding the process of bringing CHM-based medicines closer to clinical development given the area of alternative medicine's rapid advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ming
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ma Yin
- Pharmaceutical Department, Wang Jing Hospital of CACMS, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Liyan
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Yang Z, Jia X, Li X, Wang X, Rong H, Liang Y, Zeng W, Jia W, Ma X. Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics to reveal the mechanism of QiShenYiQi Dripping Pills (T101) against cardiac structural and functional abnormalities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1017433. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1017433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF), the final stage of cardiovascular diseases, is a clinical syndrome of cardiac structural or functional abnormalities. QiShenYiQi Dripping Pills (T101), short for QSYQ (T101), showed effectiveness and safety in the treatment of HF according to modern pharmacological research and clinical studies, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the mechanism of QSYQ (T101) in treating heart failure through the analysis to critical biomarkers, targets and pathways.Materials and Methods: In this study, the efficacies of QSYQ (T101) in non-human primates and rodents were evaluated, and the mechanism was demonstrated by integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics analysis. Furthermore, the targets from network pharmacology and the metabolites from targeted metabolomics were jointly analyzed to screen the critical pathways.Results: In rhesus monkeys with spontaneous chronic heart failure, nasogastric administration of QSYQ (T101) for 12 weeks caused profound improvement of systolic and diastolic function as evidenced by echocardiography detection. Consistently, QSYQ (T101) administration especially with higher dose lowered the blood pressure and improved the ventricular remodeling, collagen deposition and fibrosis markedly in Spontaneous Hypertension Rats (SHR) model. Computational prediction showed that QSYQ (T101) exhibited anti-HF effects possibly through HIF-1 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and other enriched paths. Metabolomics analysis obtained 23 significantly altered metabolites, revealing that QSYQ (T101) significantly regulated the abnormal levels of fatty acids, carnitines, organic acids pyridines, nucleosides, which were mostly involved in myocardial energy metabolism related pathways.Conclusion: Based on serum and myocardium metabolomics and network pharmacology, the present study revealed that the actions of QSYQ (T101) in treating HF depend on multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways.
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A Review on the Potential Species of the Zingiberaceae Family with Anti-viral Efficacy Towards Enveloped Viruses. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a great wellspring of biodiversity for finding novel antivirals, exposing new interactions between structure and operation and creating successful defensive or remedial methodologies against viral diseases. The members of Zingiberaceae traditional plant and herbal products have robust anti-viral action, and their findings will further lead to the production of derivatives and therapeutic. Additionally, it highlights the insight of utilizing these phytoextracts or their constituent compounds as an emergency prophylactic medicine during the pandemic or endemic situations for novel viruses. In this connection, this review investigates the potential candidates of the Zingiberaceae family, consisting of bioactive phytocompounds with proven antiviral efficacy against enveloped viruses. The present study was based on published antiviral efficacy of Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Kaempferia parviflora, Aframomum melegueta Elettaria cardamomum, Alpina Sps (belongs to the Zingiberaceae family) towards the enveloped viruses. The relevant data was searched in Scopus”, “Scifinder”, “Springer”, “Pubmed”, “Google scholar” “Wiley”, “Web of Science”, “Cochrane “Library”, “Embase”, Dissertations, theses, books, and technical reports. Meticulously articles were screened with the subject relevancy and categorized for their ethnopharmacological significance with in-depth analysis. We have comprehensively elucidated the antiviral potency of phytoextracts, major composition, key compounds, mode of action, molecular evidence, immunological relevance, and potential bioactive phytocompounds of these five species belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. Conveniently, these phytoextracts exhibited multimode activity in combating the dreadful enveloped viruses.
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Van Vuuren SF, Motlhatlego KE, Netshia V. Traditionally used polyherbals in a southern African therapeutic context. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114977. [PMID: 35017037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In African traditional medicine, there are several plant species that are used in combination with either other plant species or non-plant derived combinations such as sugar and honey, salt and vinegar, milk, fat etc. This review examines the role of these combinations and postulates the scientific and therapeutic validation of such combinations. AIM OF THE STUDY This study reviewed the ethnopharmacological literature and documented the use of southern African plant combinations to find a scientific rationale for such combinations, and provide recommendations for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical books and online databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Google Scholar were used to find ethnobotanical studies within the southern African context that focus on the combinations of plants with other plants or various additional ingredients. The scientific literature was examined to determine if evidence was available to substantiate such combinations. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-seven medicinal plant (plant-to-plant) combinations that are used in the southern African traditional healing system were recorded. These plant combinations were used against infections of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and skin as well other non-infectious diseases such as reproductive and psychiatric disorders. Respiratory infections were the most documented infections to be treated using plant combinations. The plant that was documented to be most commonly used in combination with other plants was Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. While plant-plant combinations have drawn a marked interest, comparatively, plant-adjuvant (e.g. milk, sugar, honey, salt, vinegar, fats) combinations have attracted less research interest. Milk was reported as the most used additional ingredient in combination with medicinal plants. The combination of animal urine and dung with medicinal plants has been reported as a treatment for treat prostate infections, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other ingredients such as clay and flour were also documented, and these are often mixed with medicinal plants to treat fever, stomach ailments, sexually transmitted infections (STI) and skin conditions. Although combination therapy has been frequently reported in ethnobotanical records, over 90% of the combinations reviewed still need to be scientifically validated. CONCLUSION Scientific reports on the antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological effects of these combinations may offer an understanding of traditional combination therapy. In addition, investigation into the mechanisms of action of these combinations are also recommended to supplement the findings. Nonetheless, the use of plant combinations is still an untapped research area in southern Africa and there is a need to validate the use of those documented combinations to obtain a better understanding of combined traditional medicinal plant use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - K E Motlhatlego
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - V Netshia
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Tang C, Fang Z, Chu D, Zhang L, Tang Y, Zhou J, Fang R, Ying J, Wang F, Zhou Y, Xu C, Wang Q. Pharmacodynamics, Network Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics of Chinese Medicine Formula 9002A in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:849994. [PMID: 35462916 PMCID: PMC9026172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.849994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common and serious neurodegenerative disease in the elderly; however, the treatment of AD is still lacking of rational drugs. In this paper, the active constituents and targets of the self-developed Chinese medicine Formula 9002A in the treatment of AD were investigated from three aspects: pharmacodynamics based on cell and animal experiments, network pharmacology analysis, and pharmacokinetic analysis. A total of 124 compounds were screened in Formula 9002A, and four constituents including salidroside, gastrodin, niacinamide, and umbelliferone were screened as potential active components for the treatment of AD by network pharmacology. Among them, salidroside and gastrodin showed higher relevance with AD targets, such as ESR1 and AR. The pharmacokinetic study showed that they could be absorbed and identified in plasma; the half-life and mean residence times of salidroside and gastrodin in plasma were nearly increased 2-fold by the administration of Formula 9002A compared with those by the administration of a monomer, indicating the extended action time of active compounds in vivo. Formula 9002A exerted the efficacy in the treatment of AD mainly by regulating APP, GSK3β, ESR1, and AR targets based on the anti-β-amyloid protein deposition, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis pathways. Two genes enriched in Alzheimer’s disease pathway, APP and GSK3β, were further validated. The experiments also demonstrated that Formula 9002A could downregulate APP and GSK3β protein expression in the model mice brain and improved their cognitive ability. In summary, Formula 9002A has the characteristics of multiple targets and multiple pathways in the treatment of AD, and salidroside and gastrodin might be the main active constituents, which could provide a foundation for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Tang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlan Tang, ; Qinwen Wang,
| | - Zhiling Fang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Donghui Chu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinyue Zhou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rui Fang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaming Ying
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunshuang Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlan Tang, ; Qinwen Wang,
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Wong LW, Goh CBS, Tan JBL. A Systemic Review for Ethnopharmacological Studies on Isatis indigotica Fortune: Bioactive Compounds and their Therapeutic Insights. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:161-207. [PMID: 35139772 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fortune is a biennial Chinese woad of the Cruciferae family. It is primarily cultivated in China, where it was a staple in indigo dye manufacture till the end of the 17th century. Today, I. indigotica is used primarily as a therapeutic herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The medicinal use of the plant is separated into its leaves (Da-Qing-Ye) and roots (Ban-Lan-Gen), whereas its aerial components can be processed into a dried bluish-spruce powder (Qing-Dai), following dehydration for long-term preservation. Over the past several decades, I. indigotica has been generally utilized for its heat-clearing effects and bodily detoxification in TCM, attributed to the presence of several classes of bioactive compounds, including organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, as well as lignans, anthraquinones, glucosides, glucosinolates, sphingolipids, tetrapyrroles, and polysaccharides. This paper aims to delineate I. indigotica from its closely-related species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis glauca) while highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses of I. indigotica from the perspectives of modern and traditional medicine. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PMC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was done for articles on all aspects of the plant, emphasizing those analyzing the bioactivity of constituents of the plant. The various key bioactive compounds of I. indigotica that have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-allergic properties, along with the protective effects against neuronal injury and bone fracture, will be discussed. Collectively, the review hopes to draw attention to the therapeutic potential of I. indigotica not only as a TCM, but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds for disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang SS, Zeng X, Wang YL, Dongzhi Z, Zhao YF, Chen YZ. Chinese Medicine Meets Conventional Medicine in Targeting COVID-19 Pathophysiology, Complications and Comorbidities. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:627-635. [PMID: 35583580 PMCID: PMC9116066 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how the National Health Commission of China (NHCC)-recommended Chinese medicines (CMs) modulate the major maladjustments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly the clinically observed complications and comorbidities. METHODS By focusing on the potent targets in common with the conventional medicines, we investigated the mechanisms of 11 NHCC-recommended CMs in the modulation of the major COVID-19 pathophysiology (hyperinflammations, viral replication), complications (pain, headache) and comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, diabetes). The constituent herbs of these CMs and their chemical ingredients were from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database. The experimentally-determined targets and the activity values of the chemical ingredients of these CMs were from the Natural Product Activity and Species Source Database. The approved and clinical trial drugs against these targets were searched from the Therapeutic Target Database and DrugBank Database. Pathways of the targets was obtained from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and additional literature search. RESULTS Overall, 9 CMs modulated 6 targets discovered by the COVID-19 target discovery studies, 8 and 11 CMs modulated 8 and 6 targets of the approved or clinical trial drugs for the treatment of the major COVID-19 complications and comorbidities, respectively. CONCLUSION The coordinated actions of each NHCC-recommended CM against a few targets of the major COVID-19 pathophysiology, complications and comorbidities, partly have common mechanisms with the conventional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-shan Wang
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211 China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ya-li Wang
- Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | | | - Yu-fen Zhao
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211 China ,Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361005 China ,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Yu-zong Chen
- Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, 315211 China ,Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
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Yousaf M, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Zubair M, Chang D, Zhou X. Synergistic Effects of Natural Product Combinations in Protecting the Endothelium Against Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X221113327. [PMID: 35849068 PMCID: PMC9297466 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x221113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early hallmark of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Monotherapies are limited due to the complex, multifactorial pathways. The multi-component and multi-targeted approach of natural products have the potential to manage CVDs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the synergistic mechanism of natural product combinations in protecting the endothelium against various cardiovascular risk factors. Databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE) and Google Scholar were searched, and studies in English published between January 2000 and February 2022 were collated. Clinical and pre-clinical studies of natural product combinations with or without pharmaceutical medicines, compared with monotherapy and/or proposing the underlying mechanism in protecting endothelial function, were included. Four clinical studies demonstrated that natural product combinations or natural product-pharmaceutical combinations improved endothelial function. This was associated with multi-targeted effects or improved absorption of the active substances in the body. Seventeen preclinical studies showed that natural product combinations produced synergistic (demonstrated by combination index or Bliss independence model) or enhanced effects in protecting the endothelium against hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, platelet activation, oxidative stress and hyperhomocysteinemia. The molecular targets included reactive oxygen species, Nrf2-HO-1, p38MAPK, P13K/Akt and NF-κB. Thus, the current available evidence of natural product combinations in targeting endothelial dysfunction is predominantly from preclinical studies. These have demonstrated synergistic/enhanced pharmacological activities and proposed associated mechanisms. However, evidence from larger, well-designed clinical trials remains weak. More cohesion is required between preclinical and clinical data to support natural product combinations in preventing or slowing the progression of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, 72594Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- NICM Health Research Institute, 6489Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, School of Medicine & Health, 7800University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, 72594Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, 6489Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, 6489Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
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12
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Xie Y, Ma C, Yang X, Wang J, Long G, Zhou J. Phytonanomaterials as therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113868. [PMID: 34303754 PMCID: PMC8482412 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been a major resource for drug discovery. Emerging evidence shows that in addition to pharmacologically active components, medicinal plants also contain phytochemical nanomaterials, or phytonanomaterials, which form nanoparticles for drug delivery. In this review, we examine the evidence supporting the existence of phytonanomaterials. Next, we review identification, isolation, and classification of phytonanomaterials, characteristics of phytonanomaterial-derived nanoparticles, and molecular mechanisms of phytonanomaterial assembly. We will then summarize the current progress in exploring phytonanomaterial-derived NPs as therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers for disease treatment. Last, we will provide perspectives on future discovery and applications of phytonanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gretchen Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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13
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Lin HL, Lin MY, Tsai CH, Wang YH, Chen CJ, Hwang SJ, Yen MH, Chiu YW. Harmonizing Formula Prescription Patterns in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:573145. [PMID: 33995002 PMCID: PMC8117089 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.573145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Harmonizing formulas are associated with beneficial renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. The study aims to explore the associations of intentions and independent factors with harmonizing formulas prescriptions for patients with CKD. Methods: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study to explore factors associated with harmonizing formulas prescription. Patients who had been prescribed harmonizing formulas after CKD diagnosis was defined as the using harmonizing formulas group. Disease diagnoses when having harmonizing formula prescriptions and patient characteristics related to these prescriptions were collected. Results: In total, 24,971 patients were enrolled in this analysis, and 5,237 (21%) patients were prescribed harmonizing formulas after CKD diagnosis. The three most frequent systematic diseases and related health problems for which harmonizing formula prescriptions were issued in CKD were symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions (24.5%), diseases of the digestive system (20.67%), and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (12.9%). Higher likelihoods of harmonizing formula prescriptions were associated with young age (adjusted odds ratio: 0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.97-0.98), female sex (1.79, 1.68-1.91), no diabetes (1.20, 1.06-1.36), no hypertension (1.38, 1.27-1.50), no cerebrovascular disease (1.34, 1.14-1.56), less disease severity (0.85, 0.83-0.88), using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (1.65, 1.54-1.78), and using analgesic drugs other than NSAIDs (1.47, 1.35-1.59). Conclusion: Harmonizing formulas are commonly used for treating symptoms of the digestive and musculoskeletal systems in CKD cases. Further research on harmonizing formula effectiveness with regard to particular characteristics of CKD patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Lung Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Master of Public Health Degree Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Yen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Rolle J, Asante DO, Kok-Fong LL, Boucetta H, Seidu TA, Tai LLK, Alolga RN. Jatrorrhizine: a review of its pharmacological effects. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:709-719. [PMID: 33822109 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Jatrorrhizine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in medicinal plants. It is the main bioactive compound of the Chinese herbs, Coptis chinensis, Rhizoma coptidis, and Phellodendron chinense Schneid, plants that are predominantly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of metabolic disorders, gastritis, stomachache among a host of others. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of the pharmacological effects of jatrorrhizine, proffer suggestions on research areas that need redress and potentially serve as a reference for future studies. KEY FINDINGS Published scientific literature was therefore retrieved from all credible sources including Pubmed, Elsevier, Research Gate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Europe PMC and Wiley Online library using key words such as 'jatrorrhizine', 'botanical sources', 'pharmacology', 'toxicology', 'pharmacokinetics' or their combinations. A cursory examination of relevant scientific literature using the aforementioned key words produced more than 400 publications. CONCLUSIONS Using an inclusion/exclusion criteria the subject matter of this review was adequately addressed. It is our hope that this review will provide a good platform for further research on fully harnessing the potential of this bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janiqua Rolle
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dorothy O Asante
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linsey L Kok-Fong
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Theodora A Seidu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lesieli L K Tai
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Yin SJ, Luo YQ, Zhao CP, Chen H, Zhong ZF, Wang S, Wang YT, Yang FQ. Antithrombotic effect and action mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng herbal pair on the zebrafish. Chin Med 2020; 15:35. [PMID: 32322295 PMCID: PMC7164150 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen, DS) and Panax notoginseng (Sanqi, SQ) are famous traditional Chinese herbs, and their herbal pair (DS–SQ) has been popular used as anti-thrombotic medicines. However, there is still a lack of sufficient scientific evidence to illustrate the optimum combination ratio of these two herbs as well as its action mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-thrombotic effects of DS–SQ on zebrafish and explore its possible action mechanism. Methods Firstly, the chemical components in DS–SQ extract were analyzed by LC–ESI–MS/MS. Then, a phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced zebrafish thrombosis model was developed for evaluating the anti-thrombotic effects of DS–SQ extracts with different combination ratios and their nine pure compounds. Followed, Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays were performed to investigate the potential antithrombotic mechanisms of DS–SQ. Results Thirty-three components were tentatively identified by LC–MS analysis. DS–SQ at the ratio of 10:1 presented the best anti-thrombotic effect, and rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid B of DS showed good anti-thrombotic activity on zebrafish thrombosis model. The RT-qPCR assays indicated that DS–SQ (10:1) could cure the PHZ-induced thrombosis by downregulating the expression of PKCα, PKCβ, fga, fgb, fgg and vWF in zebrafish. Conclusions DS–SQ with the combination ratio of 10:1 showed optimum anti-thrombotic effect on PHZ-induced zebrafish thrombosis model, which provided a reference for reasonable clinical applications of DS–SQ herbal pair.
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16
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Huang Y, Li L, Li X, Fan S, Zhuang P, Zhang Y. Ginseng Compatibility Environment Attenuates Toxicity and Keeps Efficacy in Cor Pulmonale Treated by Fuzi Beimu Incompatibility Through the Coordinated Crosstalk of PKA and Epac Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:634. [PMID: 29962951 PMCID: PMC6013823 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cor pulmonale is characterized by severe right ventricular dysfunction caused by lung disease, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which can lead to pulmonary hypertension. Our previous study has demonstrated that Fuzi and Beimu compatibility (FBC), a traditional TCM compatibility taboo, improves lung function in early-stage of pulmonary hypertension through the synergistic action of β-ARs signals. However, FBC increases cardiotoxicity with prolonged treatment and disease progression. Considering that the compatibility environment influences the exertion of the medicine, we selected ginseng for coordinating the compatibility environment to improve the security and extend the therapeutic time window of FBC. Monocrotaline-induced cor pulmonale rats were treated with FBC, ginseng, or ginseng combined with FBC (G/FBC). Then, the pulmonary and cardiac functions of the rats were examined to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of the treatments. The crosstalk between PKA and Epac pathways was also studied. Results showed that G/FBC ameliorated lung function similar to or even better than FBC treatment did. Furthermore, G/FBC treatment attenuated FBC-induced cardiotoxicity, which significantly restored cardiac dysfunction and clearly decreased myocardial enzymes and apoptosis. The βAR-Gs-PKA/CaMKII pathway was inhibited and the Epac1/ERK1/2 axis was activated in G/FBC group. These findings indicate that ginseng compatibility environment could improve pulmonary function and attenuate cardiotoxicity in cor pulmonale via the coordinated crosstalk of PKA and Epac pathways, implying that ginseng could be used to prevent detrimental cardiotoxicity in cor pulmonale treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Li
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Simiao Fan
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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17
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Zhou X, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Kam A, Chang D, Li C, Bensoussan A, Chan K. Synergistic Effects of Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Combination in Angiogenesis Behavior in EAhy 926 Cells. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4040085. [PMID: 29160857 PMCID: PMC5750609 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the combination effects of the Danshen and Sanqi herb pair on angiogenesis in vitro. Methods: Nine combination ratios of Danshen-Sanqi extracts (DS-SQ) were screened for their angiogenic effects in the human vascular endothelial EAhy 926 cell line via cell proliferation, cell migration and tube formation activities against the damage to the cells exerted by DL-homocysteine (Hcy) and adenosine (Ado). The type of interaction (synergistic, antagonistic, additive) between Danshen and Sanqi was analyzed using combination index (CI) and isobologram models. The angiogenic activities of key bioactive compounds from Danshen and Sanqi were tested in the same models. Results: DS-SQ ratios of 2:8 and 3:7 (50-300 µg/mL) potentiated angiogenic synergistic effects (CI < 1) in all three assays. The observed wound healing effects of DS-SQ 2:8 was significantly attenuated by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) inhibitors which inferred the potential mechanistic pathways. Out of all the tested compounds, Notoginsenoside R1 from Sanqi exhibited the most potent bioactivity in cell proliferation assay. Conclusions: This study provides scientific evidence to support the traditional use of the Danshen-Sanqi combination for vascular disease, in particular through their synergistic interactions on previously unexamined angiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia.
| | - Antony Kam
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Chunguang Li
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Kelvin Chan
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
- Faculty of Sciences, TCM Division, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Heart function and thoracic aorta gene expression profiling studies of ginseng combined with different herbal medicines in eNOS knockout mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15431. [PMID: 29133875 PMCID: PMC5684410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng, a popular herbal remedy, is often used in combination with other drugs to achieve the maximum therapeutic response. Shenfu (SFI) and Shenmai injection (SMI) have been widely used to treat cardiovascular disease in China. Our study explored the cardiovascular protection of SFI and SMI in eNOS knockout mice to investigate the differences and similarities of the two ginseng-combinations. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to evaluate the left ventricular structure and function at baseline and 3, 7, and 14 days after drug administration. Agilent Gene Expression microarrays were used to demonstrate the gene expression profiling of the thoracic aorta. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to evaluate the mechanism improved by SFI and SMI in eNOS knockout mice. Both SFI and SMI could modulate Gadd45 Signaling from TOP15 canonical pathways. Moreover, SFI showed a better effect in the early treatment stage and improved myocardial function via GATA4, GATA6 and COL3A1. Meanwhile, SMI exerted better protective effects at the chronic stage, which may be related to endothelium protection by VEGFA and ACE. The advantage of multi-target by drug combination in progression of complex diseases should be noticed. The appropriate adjustment of drug combination could lead to a better accurate medical care in clinic.
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Zhu H, Chen Z, Ma Z, Tan H, Xiao C, Tang X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Gao Y. Tanshinone IIA Protects Endothelial Cells from H₂O₂-Induced Injuries via PXR Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:599-608. [PMID: 28173640 PMCID: PMC5685429 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a pharmacologically active substance extracted from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (also known as the Chinese herb Danshen), and is widely used to treat atherosclerosis. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor that is a key regulator of xenobiotic and endobiotic detoxification. Tan IIA is an efficacious PXR agonist that has a potential protective effect on endothelial injuries induced by xenobiotics and endobiotics via PXR activation. Previously numerous studies have demonstrated the possible effects of Tan IIA on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but the further mechanism for its exerts the protective effect is not well established. To study the protective effects of Tan IIA against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we pretreated cells with or without different concentrations of Tan IIA for 24 h, then exposed the cells to 400 μM H2O2 for another 3 h. Therefore, our data strongly suggests that Tan IIA may lead to increased regeneration of glutathione (GSH) from the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) produced during the GSH peroxidase-catalyzed decomposition of H2O2 in HUVECs, and the PXR plays a significant role in this process. Tan IIA may also exert protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway associated with the participation of PXR. Tan IIA protected HUVECs from inflammatory mediators triggered by H2O2 via PXR activation. In conclusion, Tan IIA protected HUVECs against H2O2-induced cell injury through PXR-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zengchun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongling Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Simultaneous determination of hydrophilic and lipophilic constituents in herbal medicines using directly-coupled reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7061. [PMID: 28765547 PMCID: PMC5539142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limitations in the separation ability of conventional liquid chromatography system remains a challenge in developing a versatile method for simultaneously determining both hydrophilic and lipophilic constituents in herbal medicines (HMs). To measure compounds covering a broad polarity span in HMs, we developed a directly-coupled reversed-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. Samples were firstly separated according to lipophilicity by using a C18 column. Utilizing a T-piece as connector, the eluent was then pumped into an amide column to get further separation that mainly based on the hydrogen bonding effects. Dan-Qi pair, an extensively used herb-combined prescription in China, was selected to test the practicability and performance of the established system. A total of 27 components, containing 9 hydrophilic and 18 lipophilic constituents, were simultaneously determined using a schedule multiple reaction monitoring method in 15 min. Up to 69.9% content could be monitored in one injection in Dan-Qi pair extract, showing a significant advantage over previous methods. The proposed method was expected to benefit the controllability of herbal medicines.
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21
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Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Prevents Radiation-Induced Toxicity in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4537974. [PMID: 28386289 PMCID: PMC5366215 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4537974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to elucidate the key parameters associated with X-ray radiation induced oxidative stress and the effects of STS on X-ray-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Cytotoxicity of STS and radiation was assessed by MTT. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by SOD and MDA. Apoptosis was measured by the flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258, clonogenic survival assay, and western blot. It was found that the cell viability of H9c2 cells exposed to X-ray radiation was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner and was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase as well as apoptosis. STS treatment significantly reversed the morphological changes, attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis, and improved the antioxidant activity in the H9c2 cells. STS significantly increased the Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax levels and decreased the Bax and caspase-3 levels, compared with the cells treated with radiation alone. STS treatment also resulted in a significant increase in p38-MAPK activation. STS could protect the cells from X-ray-induced cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Therefore, we suggest the STS could be useful for the treatment of radiation-induced cardiovascular injury.
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22
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Fougère B, Li J. How to Implement Traditional Chinese Medicine in Alzheimer Disease Prevention in Occidental Countries? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17:1154-1156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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