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Elrebehy MA, Abulsoud AI, El-Dakroury WA, Abdel Mageed SS, Elshaer SS, Fathi D, Rizk NI, Moustafa YM, Elballal MS, Mohammed OA, Abdel-Reheim MA, Zaki MB, Mahmoud AMA, Rashad AA, Sawan ES, Al-Noshokaty TM, Saber S, Doghish AS. Tuning into miRNAs: A comprehensive analysis of their impact on diagnosis, and progression in asthma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155147. [PMID: 38246033 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a diverse inflammatory illness affecting the respiratory passages, leading to breathing challenges, bouts of coughing and wheezing, and, in severe instances, significant deterioration in quality of life. Epigenetic regulation, which involves the control of gene expression through processes such as post-transcriptional modulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), plays a role in the evolution of various asthma subtypes. In immune-mediated diseases, miRNAs play a regulatory role in the behavior of cells that form the airway structure and those responsible for defense mechanisms in the bronchi and lungs. They control various cellular processes such as survival, growth, proliferation, and the production of chemokines and immune mediators. miRNAs possess chemical and biological characteristics that qualify them as suitable biomarkers for diseases. They allow for the categorization of patients to optimize drug selection, thus streamlining clinical management and decreasing both the economic burden and the necessity for critical care related to the disease. This study provides a concise overview of the functions of miRNAs in asthma and elucidates their regulatory effects on the underlying processes of the disease. We provide a detailed account of the present status of miRNAs as biomarkers for categorizing asthma, identifying specific asthma subtypes, and selecting appropriate treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11823, Egypt
| | - Doaa Fathi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Nehal I Rizk
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Abdulla M A Mahmoud
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Rashad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Eman S Sawan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Tohada M Al-Noshokaty
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Sameh Saber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang F, Yang B, Qiao J, Bai L, Li Z, Sun W, Liu Q, Yang S, Cui L. Serum exosomal microRNA-1258 may as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18332. [PMID: 37884583 PMCID: PMC10603088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has a high mortality rate. However, there is no efficiency biomarker for diagnosing AECOPD. The purpose of this study was to find biomarkers that can quickly and accurately diagnose AECOPD.45 normal controls (NC), 42 patients with stable COPD (SCOPD), and 66 patients with AECOPD were enrolled in our study. Serum exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifuge and verified by morphology and specific biomarkers. Fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of micro RNAs (miRNAs), including miR-660-5p, miR-1258, miR-182-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-27a-5p and miR-497-5p in serum exosomes and serum. Logistic regression and machine learning methods were used to constructed the diagnostic models of AECOPD. The levels of miR-1258 in the patients with AECOPD were higher than other groups (p < 0.001). The ability of exosomal miR-1258 (AUC = 0.851) to identify AECOPD from SCOPD was superior to other biomarkers, and the combination of exosomal miR-1258 and NLR can increase the AUC to 0.944, with a sensitivity of 81.82%, and specificity of 97.62%. The cross-validation of the models displayed that the logistic regression model based on exosomal miR-1258, NLR and neutrophil count had the best accuracy (0.880) in diagnosing AECOPD from SCOPD. The three most correlated biomarkers with serum exosome miR-1258 were neutrophil count (r = 0.57, p < 0.001), WBC (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and serum miR-1258 (r = 0.33, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum exosomal miR-1258 is associated with inflammation, and can be used as a valuable and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of AECOPD, and the establishment of diagnostic model based on miR-1258, NLR and neutrophils count can help to improving the accuracy of AECOPD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlu Bai
- Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Zou M, Zhao Y, Kabir MA, Peng X. Exosomal microRNA/miRNA Dysregulation in Respiratory Diseases: From Mycoplasma-Induced Respiratory Disease to COVID-19 and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2421. [PMID: 37830635 PMCID: PMC10571955 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases represent a significant economic and health burden worldwide, affecting millions of individuals each year in both human and animal populations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in gene expression regulation and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Exosomal miRNAs and cellular miRNAs have been identified as key regulators of several immune respiratory diseases, such as chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MMP) caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Consequently, miRNAs seem to have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the functional roles of miRNAs in the above several respiratory diseases and discuss the potential use of miRNAs as stable diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for several immune respiratory diseases, focusing on the identification of differentially expressed miRNAs and their targeting of various signaling pathways implicated in disease pathogenesis. Despite the progress made, unanswered questions and future research directions are discussed to facilitate personalized and targeted therapies for patients with these debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.A.K.)
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Tong N, Liu D, Lu L, Lin R, Jin R. miR-410 Regulates Helper T Cell Differentiation in Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma through the PI3K-AKT-VEGF Signaling Pathway. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 185:1-9. [PMID: 37725935 DOI: 10.1159/000531493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma has been attributed to Th1/Th2 imbalance and inappropriate Th2 responses to environmental allergens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), 21 to 23 RNA molecules, are first found in mammals and have been implicated in various biological activities. Our previous study found that miR-410 effectively ameliorates airway inflammation in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma murine model. However, the role of miR-410 in regulating helper T (Th) cell differentiation is not clear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the regulatory effects of miR-410 on the differentiation of Th cells through both in vivo and in vitro studies. METHODS Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to find if miR-410 has any direct binding position with VEGF mRNAs. PBMC and CD4+ T cells were isolated and stimulated with OVA. The miR-410 mimics and inhibitors were transfected into CD4+ T cells. The differentiation of Th cells was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the concentration of IL-4, IFN-γ, and TGF-β levels in supernatants. Western Blot was used to detect protein expression and phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. BALB/c mice were kept in a specific pathogen-free condition and received sterile OVA-free food and water. OVA-induced asthmatic mice model was established. ELISA was used to measure the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) concentrations of IL-4, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and VEGF. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to analyze inflammatory cell infiltration, pathological changes, and the expression of VEGF. RESULTS Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-410 has no direct binding position with VEGF mRNAs. In the OVA-primed mononuclear cells compared to normal cells, IFN-γ and TGF-β were decreased while IL-4 and VEGF were increased. This change was reversed while miRNA-410 mimics were transfected into CD4+ T cells. Besides, the OVA-primed CD4+ T cells treated with miR-410 decrease the proliferation of cytokine of Th2 cells as well as phosphorylation of PI3K, and AKT. In OVA-induced asthma mice, IFN-γ and TGF-β were decreased in BALF while the IL-4 and VEGF were increased. OVA-induced mice with asthma treated with miR-410 mimics showed marked reductions in the infiltration of inflammatory cells as well as IL-4 and VEGF in BALF. The immunohistochemical staining of the expression of VEGF also decreased in OVA-induced asthma mice with the instillation of miR-410. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we revealed that miR-410 could regulate the differentiation of Th cells via the PI3K-AKT-VEGF signaling pathway in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianting Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongjun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Xuan S, Zhang J, Guo Q, Zhao L, Yao X. A Diagnostic Classifier Based on Circulating miRNA Pairs for COPD Using a Machine Learning Approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081440. [PMID: 37189541 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly underdiagnosed, and early detection is urgent to prevent advanced progression. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been diagnostic candidates for multiple diseases. However, their diagnostic value has not yet been fully established in COPD. The purpose of this study was to develop an effective model for the diagnosis of COPD based on circulating miRNAs. We included circulating miRNA expression profiles of two independent cohorts consisting of 63 COPD and 110 normal samples, and then we constructed a miRNA pair-based matrix. Diagnostic models were developed using several machine learning algorithms. The predictive performance of the optimal model was validated in our external cohort. In this study, the diagnostic values of miRNAs based on the expression levels were unsatisfactory. We identified five key miRNA pairs and further developed seven machine learning models. The classifier based on LightGBM was selected as the final model with the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.883 and 0.794 in test and validation datasets, respectively. We also built a web tool to assist diagnosis for clinicians. Enriched signaling pathways indicated the potential biological functions of the model. Collectively, we developed a robust machine learning model based on circulating miRNAs for COPD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurui Xuan
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qinxing Guo
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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The Potential Role of Serum and Exhaled Breath Condensate miRNAs in Diagnosis and Predicting Exacerbations in Pediatric Asthma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030763. [PMID: 36979742 PMCID: PMC10045893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease of the respiratory system in children and the number of new cases is constantly increasing. It is characterized by dyspnea, wheezing, tightness in the chest, or coughing. Due to diagnostic difficulties, disease monitoring, and the selection of safe and effective drugs, it has been shown that among the youngest patients, miRNAs fulfilling the above roles can be successfully used in common clinical practice. These biomolecules, by regulating the expression of the body’s genes, influence various biological processes underlying the pathogenesis of asthma, such as the inflammatory process, remodeling, and intensification of airway obstruction. They can be detected in blood serum and in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Among children, common factors responsible for the onset or exacerbation of asthma, such as infections, allergens, air pollution, or tobacco smoke present in the home environment, cause a change the concentration of miRNAs in the body. This is related to their significant impact on the modulation of the disease process. In the following paper, we review the latest knowledge on miRNAs and their use, especially as diagnostic markers in assessing asthma exacerbation, with particular emphasis on the pediatric population.
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Albano GD, Gagliardo R, Montalbano AM, Profita M. Non-Coding RNAs in Airway Diseases: A Brief Overview of Recent Data. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010054. [PMID: 36612051 PMCID: PMC9817765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the human lung is mediated in response to different stimuli (e.g., physical, radioactive, infective, pro-allergenic, or toxic) such as cigarette smoke and environmental pollutants. These stimuli often promote an increase in different inflammatory activities in the airways, manifesting themselves as chronic diseases (e.g., allergic airway diseases, asthma chronic bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or even lung cancer). Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules of few nucleotides that regulate the gene expression involved in many cellular processes. ncRNA are molecules typically involved in the reduction of translation and stability of the genes of mRNAs s. They regulate many biological aspects such as cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, regulation of cell cycle, aging, apoptosis, metabolism, and neuronal patterning, and influence a wide range of biologic processes essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The relevance of ncRNAs in the pathogenetic mechanisms of respiratory diseases has been widely established and in the last decade many papers were published. However, once their importance is established in pathogenetic mechanisms, it becomes important to further deepen the research in this direction. In this review we describe several of most recent knowledge concerning ncRNA (overall miRNAs) expression and activities in the lung.
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Li CX, Gao J, Sköld CM, Wheelock ÅM. miRNA-mRNA-protein dysregulated network in COPD in women. Front Genet 2022; 13:1010048. [PMID: 36468026 PMCID: PMC9712209 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disease caused by a multitude of underlying mechanisms, and molecular mechanistic modeling of COPD, especially at a multi-molecular level, is needed to facilitate the development of molecular diagnostic and prognostic tools and efficacious treatments. Objectives: To investigate the miRNA-mRNA-protein dysregulated network to facilitate prediction of biomarkers and disease subnetwork in COPD in women. Measurements and Results: Three omics data blocks (mRNA, miRNA, and protein) collected from BAL cells from female current-smoker COPD patients, smokers with normal lung function, and healthy never-smokers were integrated with miRNA-mRNA-protein regulatory networks to construct a COPD-specific dysregulated network. Furthermore, downstream network topology, literature annotation, and functional enrichment analysis identified both known and novel disease-related biomarkers and pathways. Both abnormal regulations in miRNA-induced mRNA transcription and protein translation repression play roles in COPD. Finally, the let-7-AIFM1-FKBP1A pathway is highlighted in COPD pathology. Conclusion: For the first time, a comprehensive miRNA-mRNA-protein dysregulated network of primary immune cells from the lung related to COPD in females was constructed to elucidate specific biomarkers and disease pathways. The multi-omics network provides a new molecular insight from a multi-molecular aspect and highlights dysregulated interactions. The highlighted let-7-AIFM1-FKBP1A pathway also indicates new hypotheses of COPD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xing Li
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jing Gao
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Lung Centre, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Qiao X, Hou G, He YL, Song DF, An Y, Altawil A, Zhou XM, Wang QY, Kang J, Yin Y. The Novel Regulatory Role of the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Axis in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:927549. [PMID: 35769905 PMCID: PMC9234692 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.927549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory airway diseases, characterized by airway inflammation and airway remodelling, are increasing as a cause of morbidity and mortality for all age groups and races across the world. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in chronic inflammatory airway diseases have not been fully explored. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently attracted much attention for their roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. A number of studies have confirmed that both lncRNAs and miRNAs can regulate the initiation and progression of chronic airway diseases by targeting mRNAs and regulating different cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recently, accumulative evidence has shown that the novel regulatory mechanism underlying the interaction among lncRNAs, miRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) plays a critical role in the pathophysiological processes of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the regulatory roles of the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network in different cell types and their potential roles as biomarkers, indicators of comorbidities or therapeutic targets for chronic inflammatory airway diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Fang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Abdullah Altawil
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Zhou, ; Yan Yin,
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ming Zhou, ; Yan Yin,
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Kim HJ, Park SO, Byeon HW, Eo JC, Choi JY, Tanveer M, Uyangaa E, Kim K, Eo SK. T cell-intrinsic miR-155 is required for Th2 and Th17-biased responses in acute and chronic airway inflammation by targeting several different transcription factors. Immunology 2022; 166:357-379. [PMID: 35404476 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthmatic airway inflammation is divided into two typical endotypes: Th2-mediated eosinophilic and Th1- or Th17-mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation. The miRNA miR-155 has well-documented roles in the regulation of adaptive T-cell responses and innate immunity. However, no specific cell-intrinsic role has yet been elucidated for miR-155 in T cells in the course of Th2-eosinophilic and Th17-neutrophilic airway inflammation using actual in vivo asthma models. Here, using conditional KO (miR155ΔCD4 cKO) mice that have the specific deficiency of miR-155 in T cells, we found that the specific deficiency of miR-155 in T cells resulted in fully suppressed Th2-type eosinophilic airway inflammation following acute allergen exposure, as well as greatly attenuated the Th17-type neutrophilic airway inflammation induced by repeated allergen exposure. Furthermore, miR-155 in T cells appeared to regulate the expression of several different target genes in the functional activation of CD4+ Th2 and Th17 cells. To be more precise, the deficiency of miR-155 in T cells enhanced the expression of c-Maf, SOCS1, Fosl2, and Jarid2 in the course of CD4+ Th2 cell activation, while C/EBPβ was highly enhanced in CD4+ Th17 cell activation in the absence of miR-155 expression. Conclusively, our data revealed that miR-155 could promote Th2 and Th17-mediated airway inflammation via the regulation of several different target genes, depending on the context of asthmatic diseases. Therefore, these results provide valuable insights in actual understanding of specific cell-intrinsic role of miR-155 in eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation for the development of fine-tune therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ok Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Byeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Cheol Eo
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Biosource Science, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Maryum Tanveer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Fu HT, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Wu H, Sun XQ, Shen SY, Dou DB. Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes airway mucus hypersecretion by repressing miR-146a-5p and miR-134-5p levels in human airway epithelial cells. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:4047-4056. [PMID: 35116702 PMCID: PMC8797934 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Airway mucus acts as an indispensable protective component of innate immune response against invading pathogens. However, airway mucus hypersecretion, largely consisting of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), is the leading cause of airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness that contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently dysregulated in the pathogenesis of COPD, but the definite role of miRNAs in airway mucus hypersecretion is not well understood. Methods A cell model of mucus hypersecretion was established in 16HBE cells by treatment with TNF-α. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. The aberrant expression of miR-146a-5p and miR-134-5p was assayed in TNF-α-treated 16HBE cells, and the effect of miR-146a-5p and miR-134-5p on regulating MUC5AC expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Results TNF-α treatment resulted in a significant decrease of cell viability, and increase of cell apoptosis and MUC5AC expression in 16HBE cells. Additionally, the expression of miR-134-5p and miR-146a-5p was markedly decreased in the cell model. Importantly, forced expression of miR-134-5p and miR-146a-5p significantly repressed TNF-α-induced upregulation of MUC5AC. Mechanistically, although miR-134-5p did not affect 16HBE cells viability and apoptosis, miR-134-5p partially blocked TNF-α-induced MUC5AC expression by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling. On the other hand, miR-146a-5p enhanced cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis. miR-146a-5p also repressed TNF-α-induced MUC5AC expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling activation. Conclusions The current data demonstrated that both miR-134-5p and miR-146a-5p conferred protection against TNF-α-induced mucus hypersecretion through repressing NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling, indicating that miR-134-5p and miR-146a-5p may serve as the biomarker for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Fu
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan-Qiu Sun
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yang Shen
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Bo Dou
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang D, Pan Y, Liu X, Qiao X, Cui W, Dong L. Integrative Analysis Reveals a miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network and Potential Causative Agents in the Asthmatic Airway Epithelium. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1307-1321. [PMID: 34744440 PMCID: PMC8566008 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s331090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During asthma progression, the intricate molecular networks, including microRNA (miRNA) transcriptional regulation in airway epithelium, remain largely undefined. The abnormal expression of miRNAs in asthmatic airway epithelium is a recent and fast-growing area in developing diagnostic and therapeutic targets for asthma. Material and Methods Analyses were conducted to compare airway epithelial miRNAs and gene expression between patients with asthma and healthy subjects from three datasets (two for miRNAs expression profiles and one for gene expression profile). The interactions network between differentially expressed (DE)-miRNAs and mRNAs was further identified for functional analysis. To verify the involvement and functions of all the identified miRNAs in asthma, we constructed two cellular models of asthma. The most promising causal miRNA candidate, miR-1246, was examined in an in vitro system to explore its targets and roles in asthma pathophysiology. Results Through integrative analysis, we obtained six miRNAs with 31 validated target genes in airway epithelium associated with asthma. Next, we confirmed that these miRNAs were all associated with asthma progression by in vitro functional experiments. They may participate in eosinophilic inflammation (miR-92b-3p, miR-1246, miR-197-3p, and miR-124-5p) or remodeling (miR-197-3p, miR-193a-5p, miR-1246, and miR-92b-3p). Additionally, some other non-screened valuable miRNAs were also examined and identified (miR-21-5p and miR-19b-3p), and some detected in blood correlated with the disease status. Furthermore, we found that miR-1246 could directly target POSTN and influence epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis in airway epithelial cells. Conclusion We constructed a preliminary epithelial regulatory network in asthma based on six identified miRNAs and their valuable target genes. Candidate factors in the biological miRNA-mRNA network in airway epithelium may provide further information on the pathogenesis of asthma. Strikingly, among all screened miRNAs, miR-1246, which could interact with POSTN may have multifunctional effects in the course of asthma and be a promising agent for asthma treatment and molecular subtyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Pan
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Qiao
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Cui
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Hayek H, Kosmider B, Bahmed K. The role of miRNAs in alveolar epithelial cells in emphysema. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112216. [PMID: 34649347 PMCID: PMC9275516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease becoming one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. The significant risk factors for COPD are exposure to harmful particles such as cigarette smoke, biomass smoke, and air pollution. Pulmonary emphysema belongs to COPD and is characterized by a unique alveolar destruction pattern resulting in marked airspace enlargement. Alveolar type II (ATII) cells have stem cell potential; they proliferate and differentiate to alveolar type I cells to restore the epithelium after damage. Oxidative stress causes premature cell senescence that can contribute to emphysema development. MiRNAs regulate gene expression, are essential for maintaining ATII cell homeostasis, and their dysregulation contributes to this disease development. They also serve as biomarkers of lung diseases and potential therapeutics. In this review, we summarize recent findings on miRNAs’ role in alveolar epithelial cells in emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hayek
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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14
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The Role of miRNAs in Extracellular Matrix Repair and Chronic Fibrotic Lung Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071706. [PMID: 34359876 PMCID: PMC8304879 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the normal architecture of the lung, from embryonic lung development to mechanical stability and elastic recoil of the breathing adult lung. The lung ECM can modulate the biophysical environment of cells through ECM stiffness, porosity, topography and insolubility. In a reciprocal interaction, lung ECM dynamics result from the synthesis, degradation and organization of ECM components by the surrounding structural and immune cells. Repeated lung injury and repair can trigger a vicious cycle of aberrant ECM protein deposition, accompanied by elevated ECM stiffness, which has a lasting effect on cell and tissue function. The processes governing the resolution of injury repair are regulated by several pathways; however, in chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary disease (IPF) these processes are compromised, resulting in impaired cell function and ECM remodeling. Current estimates show that more than 60% of the human coding transcripts are regulated by miRNAs. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expressions and modulate cellular functions. This review is focused on the current knowledge of miRNAs in regulating ECM synthesis, degradation and topography by cells and their dysregulation in asthma, COPD and IPF.
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Niehof M, Reamon-Buettner SM, Danov O, Hansen T, Sewald K. A modified protocol for successful miRNA profiling in human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:255. [PMID: 34215333 PMCID: PMC8252208 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human precision cut lung slices (PCLS) are widely used as an ex vivo model system for drug discovery and development of new therapies. PCLS reflect the functional heterogeneity of lung tissue and possess relevant lung cell types. We thus determined the use of PCLS in studying non-coding RNAs notably miRNAs, which are important gene regulatory molecules. Since miRNAs play key role as mediators of respiratory diseases, they can serve as valuable prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers, and in therapeutic interventions, of lung diseases. A technical limitation though is the vast amount of agarose in PCLS which impedes (mi)RNA extraction by standard procedures. Here we modified our recently published protocol for RNA isolation from PCLS to enable miRNA readouts. Results The modified method relies on the separation of lysis and precipitation steps, and a clean-up procedure with specific magnetic beads. We obtained successfully quality miRNA amenable for downstream applications such as RTqPCR and whole transcriptome miRNA analysis. Comparison of miRNA profiles in PCLS with published data from human lung, identified all important miRNAs regulated in IPF, COPD, asthma or lung cancer. Therefore, this shows suitability of the method for analyzing miRNA targets and biomarkers in the valuable human PCLS model. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05674-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Niehof
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Olga Danov
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Tanja Hansen
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology and In Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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16
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Bersimbaev R, Aripova A, Bulgakova O, Kussainova А, Akparova A, Izzotti A. The Plasma Levels of hsa-miR-19b-3p, hsa-miR-125b-5p and hsa-miR-320c in Patients with Asthma, COPD and Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS). Microrna 2021; 10:130-138. [PMID: 34151771 DOI: 10.2174/2211536610666210609142859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial Asthma (BA) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are chronic airway inflammation diseases. In recent years, patients with signs of both BA and COPD have been assigned to a separate group as Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS). Free-circulating plasma microRNAs are considered as potential biomarkers of pulmonary diseases, including BA, COPD and ACOS. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the expression level of free-circulating plasma microRNAs hsa-miR-19b-3p, hsa-miR-125b-5p and hsa-miR-320c in patients with BA, COPD and ACOS for the detection and validation of new microRNAs as biomarkers for chronic lung diseases. METHODS The relative expression levels of 720 microRNAs were evaluated by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in patients with COPD and BA. Three upregulated microRNAs (hsa-miR-19b-3p, hsa-miR-125b-5p and hsa-miR-320c) were selected for further study. The obtained data was analyzed using the microRNA PCR Array Data Analysis tool. The sensitivity and specificity were estimated using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (ROC). RESULTS The expression level of free-circulating hsa-miR-19b-3p was decreased in the blood plasma of patients with BA and ACOS, and increased in patients with COPD. hsa-miR-125b-5p was downregulated in the blood plasma of patients with COPD, and upregulated in patients with BA and ACOS. hsa-miR-320c was downregulated in the blood plasma of patients with BA, and upregulated in patients with COPD and ACOS. The ROC curves of patients with BA for hsa-miR-19b-3p, patients with ACOS for hsa-miR-125b-5p and patients with COPD for hsa-miR-320c revealed the probability of them as valuable biomarkers with AUCs of 0.824, 0.825, and 0.855, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study revealed three promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of COPD, BA and ACOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhmetkazhy Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Akmaral Aripova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Bulgakova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Аssya Kussainova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Almira Akparova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, I-16132 Genoa, Italy
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Yu W, Ye T, Ding J, Huang Y, Peng Y, Xia Q, Cuntai Z. miR-4456/CCL3/CCR5 Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Tight Junction Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:551839. [PMID: 33953665 PMCID: PMC8089484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.551839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The smoke disrupts cell-cell adhesion by inducing epithelial barrier damage to the tight junction (TJ) proteins. Even though the inflammatory mechanism of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) in COPD has gained increasing attention in the research community, however, the underlying signaling pathway, remains unknown. Objectives: To identify the relationship of CCL3 in the pathogenesis of tight junction impairment in COPD and the pathway through which CSE causes damage to TJ in COPD via CCL3, both in vivo and in vitro. Methods: We screened the inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls and patients at each GOLD 1-4 stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA were used to detect the levels of CCL3, ZO-1, and occludin after Cigarette smoke exposure. Immunofluorescence was applied to examine the impairment of the TJs in 16-HBE and A549 cells. The reverse assay was used to detect the effect of a CCR5 antagonist (DAPTA) in COPD. In the CSE-induced COPD mouse model, H&E staining and lung function tests were used to evaluate the pathological and physical states in each group. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the impairment of TJs in each group. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to examine the mRNA or protein expression of CCL3 or miR-4456 in each group. Results: The in vivo and in vitro results showed that CCL3 expression was increased in COPD compared with healthy controls. CCL3 caused significant injury to TJs through its C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), while miR-4456 could suppress the effect of CCL3 on TJs by binding to the 3′-UTR of CCL3. Conclusion: miR-4456/CCL3/CCR5 pathway may be a potential target pathway for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Urology Department of Xin Hua Hospital, Xin Hua Hospital Affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Cuntai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ganguly K, Kishore U, Madan T. Interplay between C-type lectin receptors and microRNAs in cellular homeostasis and immune response. FEBS J 2020; 288:4210-4229. [PMID: 33085815 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) belong to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). They have a critical role to play in the regulation of a range of physiological functions including development, respiration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immunity. CLRs can recognize distinct and conserved exogenous pathogen-associated as well as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns. These interactions set off downstream signaling cascades, leading to the production of inflammatory mediators, activation of effector immune cells as well as regulation of the developmental and physiological homeostasis. CLR signaling must be tightly controlled to circumvent the excessive inflammatory burden and to maintain the cellular homeostasis. Recently, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be important regulators of expression of CLRs and their downstream signaling. The delicate balance between miRNAs and CLRs seems crucial in almost all aspects of multicellular life. Any dysregulations in the miRNA-CLR axes may lead to tumorigenesis or inflammatory diseases. Here, we present an overview of the current understanding of the central role of miRNAs in the regulation of CLR expression, profoundly impacting upon homeostasis and immunity, and thus, development of therapeutics against immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Ganguly
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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Peng L, Han L, Li XN, Miao YF, Xue F, Zhou C. The Predictive Value of microRNA-134 and microRNA-1233 for the Early Diagnosis of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Acute Pulmonary Embolism. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2495-2503. [PMID: 33116466 PMCID: PMC7575827 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s266021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The differential diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) complications are difficult because of the variability of clinical presentations and the shortage of an unfailing screening biomarkers or instruments. Objective Aimed to detect and compare the expression of serum microRNAs (miR-1233, miR-134) in AECOPD patients complicated with APE. Patients/Methods Blood samples were collected from 52 AECOPD patients (13 patients with APE complications, 39 patients without APE) and 10 patients with stable COPD. Serum miRNAs expression was detected with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The levels of plasma D-dimers were determined by detection with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the studied miRNAs. Results According to the Wells score, 42 of the 52 AECOPD patients were unlikely to have APE (≤4 points), whereas the remaining 10 (>4 points) were likely to have APE. There were 4 cases (4/13 30.8%) in the AECOPD combined with APE group with a Wells score of >4 points. The expression levels of miR-1233 and miR-134 in the serum were considerably upregulated in the AECOPD+APE group compared with the AECOPD group and the stable COPD group (P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) for miR-134 and miR-1233 were, respectively, 0.931 (95% CI 0.863–0.999) (P<0.05) and 0.884 (95% CI 0.79–0.978) (P<0.05) and were higher compared with the AUC for D-dimer of 0.628 (95% CI 0.447–0.809), the AUC for age-adjusted D-dimer of 0.705 (95% CI 0.525–0.885) and the AUC for Wells score of 0.577 (95% CI 0.389–0.765). Conclusion Our study indicated that serum miR-1233 and miR-134 have high clinical value in the early diagnosis of AECOPD patients combined with APE, or could be used as potential biomarkers for clinical identification of AECOPD with or without APE complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ning Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fang Miao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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20
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Straumfors A, Duale N, Foss OAH, Mollerup S. Circulating miRNAs as molecular markers of occupational grain dust exposure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11317. [PMID: 32647120 PMCID: PMC7347934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dust from grain and feed production may cause adverse health effects in exposed workers. In this study we explored circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers of occupational grain dust exposure. Twenty-two serum miRNAs were analyzed in 44 grain dust exposed workers and 22 controls. Exposed workers had significantly upregulated miR-18a-5p, miR-124-3p and miR-574-3p, and downregulated miR-19b-3p and miR-146a-5p, compared to controls. Putative target genes for the differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in a range of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathways, and ‘Pathways in cancer’ and ‘Wnt signaling pathway’ were common for all the five miRNAs. MiRNA-diseases association analysis showed a link between the five identified miRNAs and several lung diseases terms. A positive correlation between miR-124-3p, miR-18a-5p, and miR-574-3p and IL-6 protein level was shown, while miR-19b-3p was inversely correlated with CC-16 and sCD40L protein levels. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis of the five miRNA showed that three miRNAs (miR-574-3p, miR-124-3p and miR-18a-5p) could distinguish the grain dust exposed group from the control group, with miR-574-3p as the strongest predictor of grain dust exposure. In conclusion, this study identified five signature miRNAs as potential novel biomarkers of grain dust exposure that may have potential as early disease markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Straumfors
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, PO Box 5330, 0304, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nur Duale
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oda A H Foss
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, PO Box 5330, 0304, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steen Mollerup
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, PO Box 5330, 0304, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
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Pan J, Yang Q, Zhou Y, Deng H, Zhu Y, Zhao D, Liu F. MicroRNA-221 Modulates Airway Remodeling via the PI3K/AKT Pathway in OVA-Induced Chronic Murine Asthma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:495. [PMID: 32714925 PMCID: PMC7344209 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway remodeling is one of the most important pathological features of chronic asthma. This study aimed to determine whether microRNA-221 (hereafter, miR-221) can affect airway remodeling in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic asthma. Methods Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) “Bearing miR-221 sponges” were used to downregulate miR-221 in asthmatic mice. Staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson trichrome, and periodic acid–Schiff reagent was used to assess histological changes. The affected signaling pathway in mouse airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) was also identified by gene chip technology. A PI3K/AKT-inhibitor (LY294002) was used to confirm the role of the pathway in ASMCs. Results The inhibition of miR-221 in a murine asthma model was found to reduce airway hyper-responsiveness, mucus metaplasia, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling (p < 0.05). Furthermore, miR-221 was found to regulate collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of ASMCs. Bioinformatics analysis and western blot analysis confirmed that the PI3K-AKT pathway was involved in ECM deposition in ASMCs. Conclusion miR-221 might play a crucial role in the mechanism of remodeling via the PI3K/AKT pathway in chronic asthma and it could be considered as a potential target for developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Emergency/Critical Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Asensio VJ, Tomás A, Iglesias A, de Llano LP, del Pozo V, Cosío BG. Eosinophilic COPD Patients Display a Distinctive Serum miRNA Profile From Asthma and Non-eosinophilic COPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wu X. Depletion of miR-380 mitigates human bronchial epithelial cells injury to improve chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through targeting CHRNA4. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 49:101492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jia R, Zhao XF. MicroRNA-497 functions as an inflammatory suppressor via targeting DDX3Y and modulating toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB in cigarette smoke extract-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells. J Gene Med 2019; 22:e3137. [PMID: 31696986 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the biological effect of miR-497 in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-damaged human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS MiR-497 mimic was transfected into HBE cells to up-regulate miR-497 expression. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE, 20 μg/mL) was utilized to treat HBE cells to form the injury model. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK8 and flow cytometry assays. DDX3Y mRNA expression was determined by a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The interaction between miR-497 and DDX3Y was verified by a luciferase reporter assay. Protein expression levels were tested by western blotting. RESULTS CSE treatment decreased miR-497 level in HBE cells. CSE exposure restrained cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the relative expression of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65. DDX3Y was predicted as a target of miR-497. The mRNA and protein expression of DDX3Y was negatively modulated by miR-497 in CSE-injured HBE cells. Up-regulation of miR-497 by miR-497 mimic increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis in CSE-treated HBE cells, which were rescued by DDX3Y high expression in CSE-treated HBE cells. Consistently, Bcl-2 protein level was heightened, whereas Bax and actived caspase-3/9 protein levels were decreased by miR-497 mimic in CSE-stimulated HBE cells, which was reversed by DDX3Y over-expression in CSE-stimulated HBE cells. The relative expression of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 was decreased by miR-497 mimic, whereas they were rescued by DDX3Y over-expression in CSE-damaged HBE cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that up-regulation of miR-497 exhibits a protective effect on CSE-damaged HBE cells, which might be achieved by targeting DDX3Y and regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jia
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Lianyungang Second People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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Dutta RK, Chinnapaiyan S, Unwalla H. Aberrant MicroRNAomics in Pulmonary Complications: Implications in Lung Health and Diseases. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:413-431. [PMID: 31655261 PMCID: PMC6831837 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, evolutionarily conserved molecular networks have emerged as important regulators in the expression and function of eukaryotic genomes. Recently, miRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small, non-coding regulatory RNAs were identified in these networks as regulators of endogenous genes by exerting post-transcriptional gene regulation activity in a broad range of eukaryotic species. Dysregulation of miRNA expression correlates with aberrant gene expression and can play an essential role in human health and disease. In the context of the lung, miRNAs have been implicated in organogenesis programming, such as proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Gain- or loss-of-function studies revealed their pivotal roles as regulators of disease development, potential therapeutic candidates/targets, and clinical biomarkers. An altered microRNAome has been attributed to several pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Considering the relevant roles and functions of miRNAs under physiological and pathological conditions, they may lead to the invention of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding the role of miRNAs in lung development, lung health, and diseases, while also exploring the progress and prospects of their application as therapeutic leads or as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Kumar Dutta
- Department of Immunology and Nano-medicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chinnapaiyan
- Department of Immunology and Nano-medicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Hoshang Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and Nano-medicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Eosinophilic COPD Patients Display a Distinctive Serum miRNA Profile From Asthma and Non-eosinophilic COPD. Arch Bronconeumol 2019; 56:234-241. [PMID: 31732359 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic airway diseases that may overlap in some individuals. Asthma COPD overlap (ACO) is a heterogeneous conditions that includes smoking-asthma (SA) and COPD with eosinophilia (COPDe). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulators of gene expression with a great potential as biomarkers. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify distinctive miRNA signatures in patients from the whole spectrum of chronic obstructive bronchial disease (SA, COPDe, non-smoking asthmatics (NSA), and COPD) that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers or describe differential molecular mechanisms with potential therapeutic implications. METHODS From a previously characterized cohort of ACO, COPD and asthma patients, we selected a discovery group of 40 patients for miRNA expression profiling by means of microarray technology. Differential expression of miRNAs were validated by quantitative PCR in the complete cohort (n=274). RESULTS Thirty differentially expressed miRNAs (eBAYES p<0.05, fold change ≥2) were found among the different groups of patients regarding COPDe: 19 COPD-vs-COPDe, 13 NSA-vs-COPDe, 11 SA-vs-COPDe. A characteristic down-regulated miRNA expression pattern was identified in COPDe patients. Differential expression of miR-619-5p and miR-4486 in COPDe patients were validated in the complete cohort (n=274). CONCLUSIONS We postulate that COPDe patients show a characteristic expression profile of miRNAs distinctive from asthma and COPD. Also that SA and COPDe patients, which have been typically clustered in the ACO group, display distinct molecular events.
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Zhong H, Fan XL, Fang SB, Lin YD, Wen W, Fu QL. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent chronic allergic airway inflammation via TGF-β1-Smad2/Smad3 signaling pathway in mice. Mol Immunol 2019; 109:51-57. [PMID: 30852246 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic disease involving inflamed airways, which were previously demonstrated, can be modulated by the mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-MSCs). However, the long-term effects of iPSC-MSCs in inflamed airways are still unidentified. This study investigated the long-term effects and potential mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory effects of iPSC-MSCs in the chronic mouse asthma model. METHODS Both human iPSC-MSCs and bone marrow (BM)-MSCs were transplanted into the long-term ovalbumin-induced mice before sensitization phase or during the challenge phase. Airway hyper-respnsiveness measurement, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were employed to assess the effects of MSCs. In addition, Smad2/3 levels were assessed by western blot analysis to investigate the possible mechanism involved. RESULTS The systemic administration of human iPSC-MSCs before the challenge protected the mice from the characters of the chronic allergic airway inflammation, in particular improving the airway remodeling and preventing fibrosis. In addition, the TGF-β1/Smad pathway was identified involved in the immunomodulatory effects of iPSC-MSCs on chronic allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that iPSC-MSCs are capable of preventing chronic allergic airway inflammation over a prolonged period, which further proved the iPSC-MSC therapeutic potential for allergic airway inflammation in a clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xing-Liang Fan
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Centre for Stem Cell Clinical Research and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shu-Bin Fang
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yong-Dong Lin
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiping Wen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Centre for Stem Cell Clinical Research and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Zhang H, Sun Y, Rong W, Fan L, Cai Y, Qu Q, Gao Y, Zhao H. miR-221 participates in the airway epithelial cells injury in asthma via targeting SIRT1. Exp Lung Res 2019; 44:272-279. [PMID: 30654657 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2018.1533051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the role of microRNA-221 (miR-221) in the airway epithelial cell injury in asthma and delineate the underlying mechanism that may involve with SIRT1. MATERIALS AND METHOD Bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients and healthy controls were obtained by bronchoscopic brushing. The miR-221 and SIRT1 mRNA level in collected cells were detected by qRT-CPR. BEAS2B cell lines were cultured in vitro. In order to up-regulate miR-221 and SIRT1, miR-221 mimic and pcDNA3.1-SIRT1 vector was transfected into BEAS2B cells, respectively. The expression changes of miR-221 and SIRT1 after transfection was observed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The target relationship between miR-221 and SIRT1 was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay.The cell viability changes after transfection was measured using cellTiter-blue reagent. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. RESULT Compared with healthy controls, miR-221 expression significantly increased in bronchial epithelial cells from patients subjects. In contrast, the level of SIRT1 mRNA reduced in the bronchial epithelial cell from asthma patients. In vitro, up-regulation of miR-221 could inhibit the expression of SIRT1 both at mRNA and protein level in BEAS2B cells. A negative correlation between miR-221 and SIRT1 mRNA in samples from patients was confirmed and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-221 directly binds to the 3'UTR of SIRT1 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-221 or SIRT1 knockdown could inhibit proliferation but induce apoptosis in BEAS2B cells. Moreover, up-regulation of SIRT1 could antagonize miR-221's inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION miR-221 may participate in the airway epithelial cells injury in asthma via targeting SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- a Asthma Control and Prevention Center, the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yuanchun Sun
- b Department of Pediatrics , the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Wei Rong
- a Asthma Control and Prevention Center, the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Linxia Fan
- c Department of Respiratory , the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yufeng Cai
- d Department of Internal Medicine , the People's Hospital of Tianshui City , Tianshui , China
| | - Qiang Qu
- e Department of Emergency Department , the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yun Gao
- a Asthma Control and Prevention Center, the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- a Asthma Control and Prevention Center, the Gansu Provincial People's Hospital , Lanzhou , China
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Association of the miR-196a2, miR-146a, and miR-499 Polymorphisms with Asthma Phenotypes in a Korean Population. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 21:547-554. [PMID: 28527151 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-017-0280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate expressions of inflammatory genes, thereby regulating inflammatory responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs could affect their efficiency in binding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs). OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of miRNA SNPs with asthma phenotypes. miR-196a2 (rs11614913 T>C), miR-146a (rs2910164 C>G), and miR-499 (rs3746444 A>G) were genotyped in 347 asthma patients and 172 normal healthy controls (NCs). RESULTS The CT/CC genotype of miR-196a2 rs11614913 was associated with eosinophilic asthma (p = 0.004) and a higher sputum eosinophil count compared with the TT genotype (p = 0.003). The CG/GG genotype of miR-146a rs2910164 tended to be associated with higher bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (PC20) compared with the CC genotype. The AG/GG genotype of miR-499 rs3746444 was associated with higher predicted values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV1) compared with the AA genotype (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms in miR-196a2, miR-146a, and miR-499 could be potential biomarkers for asthma phenotypes and targets for asthma treatments in a Korean population.
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Exosomes in Severe Asthma: Update in Their Roles and Potential in Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2862187. [PMID: 29854739 PMCID: PMC5964496 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2862187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles and have recently been recognized as important players in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes contain different mediators such as proteins, nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, miRNAs, and other ncRNAs), and lipid mediators and can shuttle their exosomal content to both neighboring and distal cells. Exosomes are very effective in orchestrating immune responses in the airways and all cell types can contribute to the systemic exosome pool. Intracellular communication between the broad range of cell types within the lung is crucial in disease emphasizing the importance of exosomes. In asthma, exosomes affect the inflammatory microenvironment which ultimately determines the development or alleviation of the pathological symptoms. Recent studies in this area have provided insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease and led to interest in using exosomes as potential novel therapeutic agents.
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Salimian J, Mirzaei H, Moridikia A, Harchegani AB, Sahebkar A, Salehi H. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: MicroRNAs and exosomes as new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:27. [PMID: 29692824 PMCID: PMC5894277 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_1054_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a progressive lung disease and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Despite valuable efforts, there is still no accurate diagnostic and prognostic tool for COPD. Hence, it seems that finding new biomarkers could contribute to provide better therapeutic platforms for COPD patients. Among various biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of patients with COPD. It has been shown that deregulation of miRNAs targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways such as Notch, Wnt, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor, Kras, and Smad could be involved in COPD pathogenesis. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that extracellular vesicles such as exosomes could carry a variety of cargos (i.e., mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins) which transfer various cellular and molecular signals to recipient cells. Here, we summarized various miRNAs which could be applied as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of patients with COPD. Moreover, we highlighted the role of extracellular vesicles containing miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Moridikia
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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De Santi C, Gadi S, Swiatecka-Urban A, Greene CM. Identification of a novel functional miR-143-5p recognition element in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator 3'UTR. AIMS GENETICS 2018; 5:53-62. [PMID: 31435512 PMCID: PMC6690249 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of gene expression. They bind in a sequence-specific manner to miRNA recognition elements (MREs) located in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs and prevent mRNA translation. MiRNA expression is dysregulated in cystic fibrosis (CF), affecting several biological processes including ion conductance in the epithelial cells of the lung. We previously reported that miR-143 is up-regulated in CF bronchial brushings compared to non-CF. Here we identified two predicted binding sites for miR-143-5p (starting at residues 558 and 644) on the CFTR mRNA, and aimed to assess whether CFTR is a true molecular target of miR-143-5p. Expression of miR-143-5p was found to be up-regulated in a panel of CF vs non-CF cell lines (1.7-fold, P = 0.0165), and its levels were increased in vitro after 20 hours treatment with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from CF patients compared to vehicle-treated cells (3.3-fold, P = 0.0319). Luciferase assays were performed to elucidate direct miRNA::target interactions and showed that miR-143-5p significantly decreased the reporter activity when carrying the wild-type full length sequence of CFTR 3'UTR (minus 15%, P = 0.005). This repression was rescued by the disruption of the first, but not the second, predicted MRE, suggesting that the residue starting at 558 was the actual active binding site. In conclusion, we here showed that miR-143-5p modestly but significantly inhibits CFTR, improving the knowledge on functional MREs within the CFTR 3'UTR. This could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies where miRNA-mediated CFTR repression is blocked thereby possibly increasing the efficacy of the currently available CFTR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Santi
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, RCSI Education & Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sucharitha Gadi
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, RCSI Education & Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, RCSI Education & Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Toraih EA, Hussein MH, Al Ageeli E, Riad E, AbdAllah NB, Helal GM, Fawzy MS. Structure and functional impact of seed region variant in MIR-499 gene family in bronchial asthma. Respir Res 2017; 18:169. [PMID: 28886711 PMCID: PMC5591547 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) have been evolved to master numerous cellular processes. Genetic variants within microRNA seed region might influence microRNA biogenesis and function. The study aimed at determining the role of microRNA-499 (MIR-499) gene family polymorphism as a marker for susceptibility and progression of bronchial asthma and to analyze the structural and functional impact of rs3746444 within the seed region. METHODS Genotyping for 192 participants (96 patients and 96 controls) in the discovery phase and 319 subjects (115 patients and 204 controls) in the replication phase was performed via Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction technology. Patients underwent the methacholine challenge test and biochemical analysis. Gene structural and functional analysis, target prediction, annotation clustering, and pathway enrichment analysis were executed. Predicted functional effect of rs37464443 SNP was analyzed. RESULTS miR-499 gene family is highly implicated in inflammation-related signaling pathways. Rs374644 (A > G) in MIR499A and MIR499B within the seed region could disrupt target genes and create new genes. The G variant was associated with high risk of developing asthma under all genetic association models (G versus A: OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 2.53-4.22; GG versus AA: OR = 9.52, 95% CI = 5.61-16.5; AG versus AA: OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.24-3.46; GG + AG versus AA: OR = 4.43, 95% CI = 2.88-6.82). GG genotype was associated with poor pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (p = 0.047) and the worst bronchodilator response after Salbutamol inhalation, represented in low peaked expiratory flow rate (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS miR-499 rs3746444 (A > G) polymorphism was associated with asthma susceptibility and bronchodilator response in Egyptian children and adolescents. Further functional analysis is warranted to develop more specific theranostic agents for selecting targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Toraih
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt.
| | | | - Essam Al Ageeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Medical Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Riad
- Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt
| | - Nouran B AbdAllah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Helal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, P.O. 41522, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Sastre B, Cañas JA, Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Del Pozo V. Novel Modulators of Asthma and Allergy: Exosomes and MicroRNAs. Front Immunol 2017; 8:826. [PMID: 28785260 PMCID: PMC5519536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is crucial to the immune system response. In the recent years, the discovery of exosomes has changed the way immune response orchestration was understood. Exosomes are able to operate as independent units that act as mediators in both physiological and pathological conditions. These structures contain proteins, lipidic mediators, and nucleic acids and notoriously include microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short RNA sequences (around 19-22 nucleotides) with a high phylogenetic conservation and can partially or totally regulate multiple mRNAs, inhibiting protein synthesis. In respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic sensitization, exosomes released by several cell types and their specific content perform crucial functions in the development and continuation of the pathogenic mechanisms. Released exosomes and miRNAs inside them have been found in different types of clinical samples, such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and sputum supernatants, providing new data about the environmental factors and mediators that participate in the inflammatory responses that lead to the exacerbation of asthma. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the role of exosomes and miRNAs in asthma and allergic sensitization, paying attention to the functions that both exosomes and miRNAs are described to perform through the literature. We review the effect of exosomes and miRNAs in cells implicated in asthma pathology and the genes and pathways that they modify in them, depicting how their behavior is altered in disease status. We also describe their possible repercussion in asthma diagnosis through their possible role as biomarkers. Therefore, both exosomes and miRNAs can be viewed as potential tools to be added to the arsenal of therapeutics to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sastre
- Laboratory of Immunoallergy, Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Cañas
- Laboratory of Immunoallergy, Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Immunoallergy, Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Del Pozo
- Laboratory of Immunoallergy, Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Lacedonia D, Palladino GP, Foschino-Barbaro MP, Scioscia G, Carpagnano GE. Expression profiling of miRNA-145 and miRNA-338 in serum and sputum of patients with COPD, asthma, and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome phenotype. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1811-1817. [PMID: 28694694 PMCID: PMC5491577 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s130616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives A new phenotype with overlapping characteristics between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) called asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) is emerging among inflammation diseases. To date, there is no agreement on specific criteria to define this syndrome, and the current guidelines are insufficient to classify the analogy and differences between overlap and COPD or asthma phenotypes. It would be necessary to identify new biomarkers able to identify these diseases clearly. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify a serum and supernatant of sputum microRNA (miRNA) expression profile of miRNA-145 and miRNA-338 in patients with asthma (n=13), COPD (n=31), and ACOS (n=8) and controls (n=7). Methods The expression was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). For statistical analysis, the ANOVA test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Spearman’s rank correlation were used. Results The main finding of this work is that the expression of miRNA-338 is higher in the supernatant of different obstructive diseases than in peripheral blood, while miRNA-145 is higher only in the supernatant of asthma patients. The expression of both selected miRNAs is higher in the supernatant of asthma and COPD patients than in controls. Conclusion Differences in sputum miRNA expression profile were observed between patients with ACOS and asthma or COPD, which underline the potential role of miRNA as a biomarker that is able to discriminate patients with ACOS, asthma, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia Pia Palladino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Foschino-Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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