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Turnaturi R, Piana S, Spoto S, Costanzo G, Reina L, Pasquinucci L, Parenti C. From Plant to Chemistry: Sources of Active Opioid Antinociceptive Principles for Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design. Molecules 2023; 28:7089. [PMID: 37894567 PMCID: PMC10609244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain continues to be an enormous global health challenge, with millions of new untreated or inadequately treated patients reported annually. With respect to current clinical applications, opioids remain the mainstay for the treatment of pain, although they are often associated with serious side effects. To optimize their tolerability profiles, medicinal chemistry continues to study novel ligands and innovative approaches. Among them, natural products are known to be a rich source of lead compounds for drug discovery, and they hold potential for pain management. Traditional medicine has had a long history in clinical practice due to the fact that nature provides a rich source of active principles. For instance, opium had been used for pain management until the 19th century when its individual components, such as morphine, were purified and identified. In this review article, we conducted a literature survey aimed at identifying natural products interacting either directly with opioid receptors or indirectly through other mechanisms controlling opioid receptor signaling, whose structures could be interesting from a drug design perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Silvia Piana
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Spoto
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Giuliana Costanzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lorena Reina
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia n. 97, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.)
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Yang YH, Dai SY, Deng FH, Peng LH, Li C, Pei YH. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry of oleanolic acid derivatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113397. [PMID: 36029846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a ubiquitous pentacyclic oleanane-type triterpene isolated from edible and medicinal plants, exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities and tremendous therapeutic potential. However, the undesirable pharmacokinetic properties limit its application and development. Numerous researches on structural modifications of OA have been carried out to overcome this limitation and improve its pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties. This review aims to compile and summarize the recent progresses in the medicinal chemistry of OA derivatives, especially on structure-activity relationship in the last few years (2010-2021). It gives insights into the rational design of bioactive derivatives from OA scaffold as promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Si-Yang Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Fu-Hua Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Li-Huan Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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Isolation of Bioactive Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Acids from Olive Tree Leaves with Flash Chromatography. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12030996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports on the use of the flash chromatography for the isolation and purification of oleanolic and maslinic acids from olive leaf extracts. Although the separation and identification of these acids is considered challenging due to the similarity in their structure, oleanolic and maslinic acids were detected, identified, and separated. Solubility prediction was used to help to match compatibility of extraction solvent with targeted triterpenoid acids. Aqueous washing was used, to first selectively remove unwanted interferents from the extraction solvent. The extracts obtained with different solvents and solvent mixtures were fractionated using flash chromatography and then analyzed. HPTLC chromatography was used to assess collected fractions as either semi-pure or pure, and to identify the fractions containing oleanolic and maslinic acids. The yields of oleanolic and maslinic acids reported here are significantly higher than yields obtained in previously reported isolations. The presence and purity of oleanolic and maslinic acid in collected fractions was confirmed by ATR-FTIR and NMR spectrometry.
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Synergistic Herb-Herb Interaction of the Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Syzygium aromaticum and Rosmarinus officinalis Combination. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8916618. [PMID: 34804185 PMCID: PMC8601806 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8916618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of alternative medicine to treat pain has been increased, and the combination of several medicinal plants for its relief is a common practice in traditional medicine. The present study is aimed at determining whether a combination of Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (R. officinalis) potentiates their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. These effects were explored using the formalin and carrageenan assays in rats, respectively. Animals received local pretreatment with S. aromaticum oil or R. officinalis ethanolic extract (0.1-100 μg/paw) alone or combined in a 1 : 1 rate. Concentration-response curves were built to compare pharmacological responses after an individual administration of S. aromaticum, R. officinalis, or their combination. The pharmacological interaction was investigated by an isobolographic study using the EC50 of each component in a fixed 1 : 1 ratio. S. aromaticum and R. officinalis administered alone showed significant and concentration-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, but R. officinalis was more potent than S. aromaticum in both the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects (EC50 = 7.96 ± 0.6 μg/paw vs. EC50 = 41.6 ± 1.7 μg/paw; EC50 = 1.97 ± 0.3 μg/paw vs. EC50 = 26.9 ± 2.5 μg/paw, respectively). The isobolographic analysis of the combination of these species in a 1 : 1 ratio showed a synergistic interaction between S. aromaticum and R. officinalis since Z mix (experimental value) was lower than Z add (theoretical value) for both the antinociceptive effect (Z mix = 0.45 ± 0.1 < Z add = 24.8 ± 1.3) and the anti-inflammatory effect (Z mix = 5.2 ± 0.6 < Z add = 14.4 ± 2.2), suggesting a potentiation for both pharmacological effects. These results prove evidence of the efficacy of mixture herb-herb used in folk medicine for pain therapy. It also emphasizes the requirement of pharmacological studies to explore the efficacy and safety of herb interactions.
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Qian XP, Zhang XH, Sun LN, Xing WF, Wang Y, Sun SY, Ma MY, Cheng ZP, Wu ZD, Xing C, Chen BN, Wang YQ. Corosolic acid and its structural analogs: A systematic review of their biological activities and underlying mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153696. [PMID: 34456116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corosolic acid (CA), also known as plant insulin, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from plants such as Lagerstroemia speciosa. It has been shown to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Its structural analogs ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), maslinic acid (MA), asiatic acid (AA) and betulinic acid (BA) display similar individual pharmacological activities to those of CA. However, there is no systematic review documenting pharmacological activities of CA and its structural analogues. This study aims to fill this gap in literature. PURPOSE This systematic review aims to summarize the medical applications of CA and its analogues. METHODS A systematic review summarizes and compares the extraction techniques, pharmacokinetic parameters, and pharmacological effects of CA and its structural analogs. Hypoglycemic effect is one of the key inclusion criteria for searching Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to October 2020 without language restrictions. 'corosolic acid', 'ursolic acid', 'oleanolic acid', 'maslinic acid', 'asiatic acid', 'betulinic acid', 'extraction', 'pharmacokinetic', 'pharmacological' were used to extract relevant literature. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS At the end of the searching process, 140 articles were selected for the systematic review. Information of CA and five of its structural analogs including UA, OA, MA, AA and BA were included in this review. CA and its structural analogs are pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from plants and they have low solubilities in water due to their rigid scaffold and hydrophobic properties. The introduction of water-soluble groups such as sugar or amino groups could increase the solubility of CA and its structural analogs. Their biological activities and underlying mechanism of action are reviewed and compared. CONCLUSION CA and its structural analogs UA, OA, MA, AA and BA are demonstrated to show activities in lowering blood sugar, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor. Their oral absorption and bioavailability can be improved through structural modification and formulation design. CA and its structural analogs are promising natural product-based lead compounds for further development and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ping Qian
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Fan Xing
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Yu Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Yu Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Ma
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ping Cheng
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zu-Dong Wu
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Chen Xing
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Bei-Ning Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brookhill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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Jannus F, Medina-O’Donnell M, Neubrand VE, Marín M, Saez-Lara MJ, Sepulveda MR, Rufino-Palomares EE, Martinez A, Lupiañez JA, Parra A, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ. Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Diamine-PEGylated Oleanolic Acid Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158158. [PMID: 34360922 PMCID: PMC8347335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that inflammation can contribute to all tumorigenic states. We have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a diamine-PEGylated derivative of oleanolic acid (OADP), in vitro and in vivo with inflammation models. In addition, we have determined the sub-cytotoxic concentrations for anti-inflammatory assays of OADP in RAW 264.7 cells. The inflammatory process began with incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nitric oxide production levels were also determined, exceeding 75% inhibition of NO for a concentration of 1 µg/mL of OADP. Cell-cycle analysis showed a reversal of the arrest in the G0/G1 phase in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, through Western blot analysis, we have determined the probable molecular mechanism activated by OADP; the inhibition of the expression of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2; and the blocking of p-IκBα production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Finally, we have analyzed the anti-inflammatory action of OADP in a mouse acute ear edema, in male BL/6J mice treated with OADP and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). Treatment with OADP induced greater suppression of edema and decreased the ear thickness 14% more than diclofenac. The development of new derivatives such as OADP with powerful anti-inflammatory effects could represent an effective therapeutic strategy against inflammation and tumorigenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Jannus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Marta Medina-O’Donnell
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-O.); (F.R.); (F.J.R.-Z.); Tel.: +34-958-243-252 (F.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Veronika E. Neubrand
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.E.N.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Milagros Marín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Maria J. Saez-Lara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - M. Rosario Sepulveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.E.N.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Eva E. Rufino-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Jose A. Lupiañez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Andres Parra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-O.); (F.R.); (F.J.R.-Z.); Tel.: +34-958-243-252 (F.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-O.); (F.R.); (F.J.R.-Z.); Tel.: +34-958-243-252 (F.J.R.-Z.)
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Khwaza V, Oyedeji OO, Aderibigbe BA, Morifi E, Fonkui YT, Ndinteh DT, Steenkamp V. Synthesis, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity evaluation of oleanolic acid-4-aminoquinoline based hybrid compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 16:122-136. [PMID: 33568035 DOI: 10.2174/1574891x16666210210165547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To prepare a class of oleanolic-based compounds. BACKGROUND Conventional drugs used to treat infectious diseases suffer from limitations such as drug toxicity and drug resistance. The resistance of microbes to antimicrobial agents is a significant challenge in treating microbial infections. Combining two or more drugs with different modes of action to treat microbial infections results in a delay in developing drug resistance by the microbes. However, it is challenging to select the appropriate choice of drugs for combination therapy due to the differences in stability and pharmacokinetic profile of the drugs.Therefore, developing hybrid compounds using the existing drugs is a promising approach to design effective antimicrobial agents. OBJECTIVES To prepare oleanolic-based hybrid compounds followed by characterization, in vitro antibacterial, and cytotoxicity evaluation. METHODS Oleanolic acid-4-aminoquinoline-based hybrid compounds weresynthesized via esterification and amidation. The compounds werecharacterized using FTIR, NMR, and UHPLC-HRMS. Oleanolic acid was isolated from the flower buds of Syszygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, a specie from Kingdom Plantae, order Mytales in Myrtaceae family. Their antibacterial and cytotoxicity activity was determined against selected strains of bacteria assessed using the microdilution assay and sulforhodamine B assay against selected cancer cell lines. RESULTS The synthesized hybrid compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC13047), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC19659), Staphylococcus aureus as well as Gram-negative bacteria,Klebsiella oxytoca (ATCC8724), Escherischia coli (ATCC25922), and Proteus vulgaris (ATCC6380)with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.25 mg/mLcompared to oleanolic acid (2.5 mg/mL). Compounds 13 and 14 displayed significant cytotoxic effectsin vitro against the cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and DU 145) compared to the oleanolic acid (IC50 ˃ 200 µM). CONCLUSION The present study revealed that the modification of C28 of OA enhanced its biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyolwethu Khwaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice, Eastern Cape. South Africa
| | - Opeoluwa O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice, Eastern Cape. South Africa
| | - Blessing A Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice, Eastern Cape. South Africa
| | - Eric Morifi
- School of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry division, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. South Africa
| | - Y T Fonkui
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg. South Africa
| | - D T Ndinteh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg. South Africa
| | - V Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria. South Africa
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Kiran Z, Hassan N, Ayub A, Sara S, Bano Z, Begum S, Siddiqui BS, Fayyaz S, Iqbal E. Nematicidal activity of oleanolic acid derivatives on Meloidogyne incognita. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5138-5144. [PMID: 32696664 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1786826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, oleanolic acid and its derivatives were studied for their invivo nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. A series of C-28-oleanolates including five new (5, 7-10) and seven known (1-4, 6, 11, 12) compounds were synthesised and their nematicidal activity was determined and compared with the standard nematicide furadan for the first time. The structures of the compounds were elucidated through 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EIMS. Compounds 4, 5, 7, 8 and 10 showed ∼ 90% inhibition of RKN at 0.125% concentration after 72 h showing their potential use in nematicidal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareena Kiran
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sara Sara
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zarina Bano
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Begum
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bina S Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahina Fayyaz
- National Nematological Research Center, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Erum Iqbal
- National Nematological Research Center, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Chandran R, George BP, Abrahamse H. Anti-Proliferative, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Syzygium mundagam Bark Methanol Extract. Molecules 2020; 25:E2900. [PMID: 32599705 PMCID: PMC7355416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, pain and inflammation have long been a cause for concern amongst patients, clinicians and research scientists. There is an alarming increase in the demand for medicines suppressing these disease conditions. The present study investigates the role of Syzygium mundagam bark methanol (SMBM) extract against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, pain and inflammation. The MCF-7 cells treated with SMBM were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, changes in cell morphology and nuclear damage. Hot plate, acetic acid and formalin-induced pain models were followed to determine the analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan, egg albumin and cotton pellet induced rat models. Microscopic images of cells in SMBM treated groups showed prominent cell shrinkage and nuclear damage. Hoechst stain results supported the cell death morphology. The decline in ATP (47.96%) and increased LDH (40.96%) content indicated SMBM induced toxicity in MCF-7 cells. In the in vivo study, a higher dose (200 mg/kg) of the extract was found to be effective in reducing pain and inflammation. The results are promising and the action of the extract on MCF-7 cells, pain and inflammation models indicate the potential of drugs of natural origin to improve current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; (R.C.); (B.P.G.)
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Sen A. Prophylactic and therapeutic roles of oleanolic acid and its derivatives in several diseases. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:1767-1792. [PMID: 32518769 PMCID: PMC7262697 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i10.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and its derivatives are widely found in diverse plants and are naturally effective pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds with broad prophylactic and therapeutic roles in various diseases such as ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, metabolic disorders, diabetes, hepatitis and different cancers. This review assembles and presents the latest in vivo reports on the impacts of OA and OA derivatives from various plant sources and the biological mechanisms of OA activities. Thus, this review presents sufficient data proposing that OA and its derivatives are potential alternative and complementary therapies for the treatment and management of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaattin Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
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11
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Mlala S, Oyedeji AO, Gondwe M, Oyedeji OO. Ursolic Acid and Its Derivatives as Bioactive Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E2751. [PMID: 31362424 PMCID: PMC6695944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases continue to be threatening and deadly to human kind. Resistance to and side effects of known drugs for treatment further increase the threat, while at the same time leaving scientists to search for alternative sources from nature, especially from plants. Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PT) from medicinal plants have been identified as one class of secondary metabolites that could play a critical role in the treatment and management of several NCDs. One of such PT is ursolic acid (UA, 3 β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), which possesses important biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its bioavailability and solubility limits its clinical application. Mimusops caffra, Ilex paraguarieni, and Glechoma hederacea, have been reported as major sources of UA. The chemistry of UA has been studied extensively based on the literature, with modifications mostly having been made at positions C-3 (hydroxyl), C12-C13 (double bonds) and C-28 (carboxylic acid), leading to several UA derivatives (esters, amides, oxadiazole quinolone, etc.) with enhanced potency, bioavailability and water solubility. This article comprehensively reviews the information that has become available over the last decade with respect to the sources, chemistry, biological potency and clinical trials of UA and its derivatives as potential therapeutic agents, with a focus on addressing NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithenkosi Mlala
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Mavuto Gondwe
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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12
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Xie BP, Shi LY, Li JP, Zeng Y, Liu W, Tang SY, Jia LJ, Zhang J, Gan GX. Oleanolic acid inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via ER alpha/miR-503/RANK signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109045. [PMID: 31176167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) has recently become a research hotspot in the treatment of many human diseases, especially osteoporosis and arthritis. However, the mechanisms are not elucidated completely. We aimed to elucidate the target and the mechanism via which OA inhibited osteoclast differentiation. We used TRAP staining and toluidine blue dye to test OA effect on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption respectively. We detected the expression level of osteoclast differentiation related genes, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and miR-503. We blocked ERα with its specific blocker, methylpiperidino pyrazole (MPP). We antagonized the function of miR-503 with antagomir-503-5p. RT-PCR and ELISA kits were used to investigate the effects of OA on miR-503 formation and maturation-relevant enzymes Dicer and Drosha at gene and protein levels. The data suggested that OA inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. OA upregulated ERα and miR-503 expression levels, inhibited RANK expression. MPP significantly attenuated the OA effect including inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, inhibiting bone resorption and up-regulating miR-503 expression. It showed that ERα was the target of OA and OA up-regulated miR-503 expression through ERα. Antagomir-503-5p inhibited the function of miR-503 and attenuated the inhibition of OA on osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that OA inhibited osteoclast by up-regulating miR-503 expression. In addition, OA up-regulated miR-503 by up-regulating Dicer expression. In conclusion, OA inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via ERα/miR-503/RANK signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ping Xie
- Department of Pharmachemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Li-Ying Shi
- Department of Pharmachemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmachemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | - Ying Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 105 Shao Shan Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Nursing of Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- School of Nursing of Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Lu-Juan Jia
- Department of Pharmachemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Guo-Xing Gan
- Qing Yuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Qiao Bei Road, Qing yuan, Guangdong, 511500, China
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Khwaza V, Oyedeji OO, Aderibigbe BA. Antiviral Activities of Oleanolic Acid and Its Analogues. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092300. [PMID: 30205592 PMCID: PMC6225463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases, such as human immune deficiency virus (HIV), influenza, hepatitis, and herpes, are the leading causes of human death in the world. The shortage of effective vaccines or therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of the numerous viral infections, and the great increase in the number of new drug-resistant viruses, indicate that there is a great need for the development of novel and potent antiviral drugs. Natural products are one of the most valuable sources for drug discovery. Most natural triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid (OA), possess notable antiviral activity. Therefore, it is important to validate how plant isolates, such as OA and its analogues, can improve and produce potent drugs for the treatment of viral disease. This article reports a review of the analogues of oleanolic acid and their selected pathogenic antiviral activities, which include HIV, the influenza virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and herpes viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyolwethu Khwaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Opeoluwa O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Blessing A Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
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Beltrán-Villalobos KL, Déciga-Campos M, Aguilar-Mariscal H, González-Trujano ME, Martínez-Salazar MF, Ramírez-Cisneros MDLÁ, Rios MY, López-Muñoz FJ. Synergistic antinociceptive interaction of Syzygium aromaticum or Rosmarinus officinalis coadministered with ketorolac in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:858-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Anti-inflammatory effect of Naravelia zeylanica DC via suppression of inflammatory mediators in carrageenan-induced abdominal oedema in zebrafish model. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:147-158. [PMID: 28078497 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-016-0303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The traditional herbal medicines are receiving great importance in the health care sector, especially in Indian system of medicine, i.e, Ayurveda. The present study focused on the standardization of Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC in terms of its active phytochemicals and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of N. zeylanica (ENZ). An analytical method was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of β-sitosterol, lupeol and oleanolic acid in ENZ. The cell viability of ENZ was investigated using MTT assay. IC50 value of ENZ on cell viability was found to be 653.01 µg/mL. To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of ENZ by in vitro method, LPS was added to the macrophage cells to induce activation and ENZ was further added to observe the recovery of inflamed cells. These cells when treated with ENZ, the percentage of viable cells were considerably increased to 74.68%. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential on treatment with LPS and its recovery by ENZ was studied and found that the number of cells that were damaged on treatment with ENZ + LPS was comparatively lesser than treatment with LPS only. An in vivo anti-inflammatory study was carried out in carrageenan-induced abdominal oedema method in adult zebrafish which revealed the percentage inhibition of inflammation at graded dose levels of ENZ as 23.5% at 100 mg/kg, 62.4% at 200 mg/kg and 87.05% at 350 mg/kg when compared with standard of diclofenac which showed 85% inhibition at 100 mg/kg. The PCR amplification of DNA extracted from adult zebrafish showed that increased concentration of ENZ considerably downregulates the expression of TNF-α and iNOS, the mediators of inflammation.
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