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Rami A, Saeid N, El Mzibri M, El Kari K, Idrissi M, Lahmam H, Mouzouni FZ, Mounach S, El Ammari L, Benkirane H, Al Jawaldeh A, Zimmermann MB, Aguenaou H. Prevalence of iodine deficiency among Moroccan women of reproductive age. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:147. [PMID: 35624493 PMCID: PMC9137163 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) affects nearly 1.9 million people worldwide. Iodine deficiency (ID) remains a public health concern not only for pregnant women, but for women of reproductive age (WRA) as well. This study was planned to evaluate the iodine status and the prevalence of iodine deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Moroccan WRA according to their socio-economic data and living areas. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional national survey conducted on 1652 WRA aged between 18 and 49 years. Iodine status was assessed by the evaluation of the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) on spot urinary samples, using the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, and by the estimation of iodine-rich food consumption, using a food frequency questionnaire. The World Health Organization cutoff of a median UIC of < 100 μg/l was used to define ID in the population. RESULTS The median UIC [20th- 80th] was 71.3 μg/l [37.5-123.1] and 71% of participants had UIC < 100 μg/L, indicating insufficient iodine status and mild iodine deficiency. WRA from urban and rural areas showed an UIC median of 75.94 μg/l [41.16-129.97] and 63.40 μg/l [33.81-111.68], respectively. Furthermore, ID prevalence was significantly higher in rural areas (75.6%) as compared to urban areas (67.9%) (p < 0.05). Food frequency questionnaires analyses highlighted that dairy products are the most commonly consumed iodine-rich food, reported to be consumed daily by 43.1% of WRA. Of particular interest, 83.5% of WRA reported a weekly consumption of fish. CONCLUSION ID is still a public health problem in Morocco highlighting the necessity to implement effective national program, including efficient salt iodization, effective nutritional education and awareness, to control iodine deficiency and prevent IDD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Rami
- grid.412150.30000 0004 0648 5985Laboratory of Biology, Health and Environment, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco ,grid.450269.cNutrition and Alimentation Unit, CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Saeid
- grid.450269.cNutrition and Alimentation Unit, CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Khalid El Kari
- grid.450269.cNutrition and Alimentation Unit, CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Idrissi
- grid.450269.cNutrition and Alimentation Unit, CNESTEN, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Houria Lahmam
- grid.412150.30000 0004 0648 5985Laboratory of Biology, Health and Environment, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | | | - Samir Mounach
- grid.434766.40000 0004 0391 3171Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laila El Ammari
- grid.434766.40000 0004 0391 3171Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hasnae Benkirane
- grid.412150.30000 0004 0648 5985Laboratory of Biology, Health and Environment, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- grid.483405.e0000 0001 1942 4602World Health Organization – Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, P.O. Box 7608, Nasr City, Cairo Egypt
| | - Micheal Bruce Zimmermann
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780ETH Zürich, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Aguenaou
- grid.412150.30000 0004 0648 5985Laboratory of Biology, Health and Environment, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
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Joulaei H, Keshani P, Ashourpour M, Bemani P, Amiri S, Rahimi J, Aliakbarpour M, Salehi-Abargouei A. The prevalence of stunting among children and adolescents living in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2022; 11:04070. [PMID: 35003712 PMCID: PMC8711751 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.04070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the strategic importance of the MENA, the state of war and inequity in the region and its effect on malnutrition which leads to mortality and reduced economic development in this region, the current study purposed to examine the prevalence of stunting as an indicator of chronic malnutrition in the MENA region, with consideration given HDI, rural/urban area, and war-involved countries. Methods The electronic databases of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of science, and Embase were systematically searched, and English-language articles published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019 were included in this study. The POLIS (population, outcome, location, indicator, study design) criteria were used to perform the systematic review, and studies involving children 2 to 18 years of age were selected. Results Fifty-eight (n = 2 202 869) were included based on the study's inclusion criteria. The prevalence of stunting in children in the total MENA region was 22.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 20.4-23.6; I2 = 99.92%, P < 0.0001). The studies included in the meta-analysis were analyzed by subgroups. The pooled prevalence of stunting in children aged 2-5 years old and children aged 6 and older was 25.7% and 16.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of stunting was 34.1% in rural and 12.4% in urban areas. The pooled prevalence of stunting according to HDI was 30.1%, 28.5%, 13.1%, in low, medium, and high HDI countries, respectively. Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of stunting according to war status was 28.5% in war-involved countries vs 20.6% in others. Conclusions High prevalence of malnutrition was seen based on stunting indicator in the meta-analysis study in the MENA region, and this issue became more pronounced when the data was divided into subgroups based on age, residential area, and HDI. Inequality regarding social, economic, and political factors leads to significant malnutrition in the mentioned region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Joulaei
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Keshani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahkameh Ashourpour
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.Emam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology, Health School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamileh Rahimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarpour
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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The potential nutrition-, physical- and health-related benefits of cow's milk for primary-school-aged children. Nutr Res Rev 2021; 35:50-69. [PMID: 33902780 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242100007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cow's milk is a naturally nutrient-dense foodstuff. A significant source of many essential nutrients, its inclusion as a component of a healthy balanced diet has been long recommended. Beyond milk's nutritional value, an increasing body of evidence illustrates cow's milk may confer numerous benefits related to health. Evidence from adult populations suggests that cow's milk may have a role in overall dietary quality, appetite control, hydration and cognitive function. Although evidence is limited compared with the adult literature, these benefits may be echoed in recent paediatric studies. This article, therefore, reviews the scientific literature to provide an evidence-based evaluation of the associated health benefits of cow's milk consumption in primary-school-aged children (4-11 years). We focus on seven key areas related to nutrition and health comprising nutritional status, hydration, dental and bone health, physical stature, cognitive function, and appetite control. The evidence consistently demonstrates cow's milk (plain and flavoured) improves nutritional status in primary-school-aged children. With some confidence, cow's milk also appears beneficial for hydration, dental and bone health and beneficial to neutral concerning physical stature and appetite. Due to conflicting studies, reaching a conclusion has proven difficult concerning cow's milk and cognitive function; therefore, a level of caution should be exercised when interpreting these results. All areas, however, would benefit from further robust investigation, especially in free-living school settings, to verify conclusions. Nonetheless, when the nutritional-, physical- and health-related impact of cow's milk avoidance is considered, the evidence highlights the importance of increasing cow's milk consumption.
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Almomani F, Al-Momani MO, Alsheyab N, Al Mhdawi K. Reasoning Abilities and Potential Correlates Among Jordanian School Children. Matern Child Health J 2019; 22:501-511. [PMID: 29282593 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate factors related to reasoning skills in 434 school children aged 5-9 years. Methods The Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised was used to assess reasoning skills. Demographic, work and family income data, information on child's daily behavior and school academic achievement were provided by the participating children's parents. Results Reasoning scores increased by 4.56 points with increasing subject's age, 1.71 points with increasing level of father's occupation, 1.86 points with each increase in the subject's GPA, 1.13 points with consumption of breakfast at home and 1.81 points when child slept more hours. Having a father who smoked and living in a rural area decreased scores in reasoning. Conclusions for Practice Screening of reasoning and associated factors is essential for a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the child's abilities and limitations. Understanding the child's reasoning abilities is critical for establishing intervention goals and planning therapeutic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidaa Almomani
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | | | - Nihayah Alsheyab
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Khader Al Mhdawi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Azlaf M, El Hamdouchi A, Benjeddou K, Zahrou FZ, El Menchawy I, El Kari K, El Mzibri M, Belghiti H, Barkat A, Rjimati EA, El Haloui N, Aguenaou H. School fortified milk improves vitamin A status of rural children in Morocco: A longitudinal interventional and controlled study1. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azlaf
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
| | - Kaoutar Benjeddou
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Zahrou
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
| | - Imane El Menchawy
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
| | - Khalid El Kari
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Mzibri
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
| | | | - Amina Barkat
- Children Hospital, University Hospital Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Nourredine El Haloui
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
| | - Hassan Aguenaou
- Joint Unit of Nutrition and Food Research, URAC39 (Ibn Tofaïl University-CNESTEN), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition (AFRA/IAEA), Rabat-kénitra, Morocco
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Wang X, Hui Z, Dai X, Terry PD, Zhang Y, Ma M, Wang M, Deng F, Gu W, Lei S, Li L, Ma M, Zhang B. Micronutrient-Fortified Milk and Academic Performance among Chinese Middle School Students: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030226. [PMID: 28257107 PMCID: PMC5372889 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many children suffer from nutritional deficiencies that may negatively affect their academic performance. This cluster-randomized controlled trial aimed to test the effects of micronutrient-fortified milk in Chinese students. Participants received either micronutrient-fortified (n = 177) or unfortified (n = 183) milk for six months. Academic performance, motivation, and learning strategies were estimated by end-of-term tests and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Blood samples were analyzed for micronutrients. In total, 296 students (82.2%) completed this study. Compared with the control group, students in the intervention group reported higher scores in several academic subjects (p < 0.05), including languages, mathematics, ethics, and physical performance at the end of follow-up. Students in the intervention group showed greater self-efficacy and use of cognitive strategies in learning, and reported less test anxiety (p < 0.001). Moreover, vitamin B2 deficiency (odds ratio (OR) = 0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11~0.30) and iron deficiency (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14~0.81) were less likely in the students of the intervention group, whereas vitamin D, vitamin B12, and selenium deficiencies were not significantly different. “Cognitive strategy” had a partial mediating effect on the test scores of English (95% CI: 1.26~3.79) and Chinese (95% CI: 0.53~2.21). Our findings suggest that micronutrient-fortified milk may improve students’ academic performance, motivation, and learning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Zhaozhao Hui
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- Department of Nursing, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Paul D Terry
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Mingxu Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Fu Deng
- Xi'an Tie Yi High School, Xi'an 710000, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Shuangyan Lei
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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