1
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Zhang X, Liang X, Wen Y, Wu F, Gao G, Zhang L, Gu Y, Zhang J, Zhou F, Li W, Tang L, Yang X, Zhao H, Zhou C, Hirsch FR. RAC1 inhibition ameliorates IBSP-induced bone metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114528. [PMID: 39052477 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation (osteoclastogenesis) plays an essential role in tumor osteolytic bone metastasis (BM), while its specific mechanisms remain largely uncertain in lung adenocarcinoma BM. In this study, we demonstrate that integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), which is highly expressed in the cancer cells from bone metastatic and primary lesions of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, can facilitate BM and directly promote macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation independent of RANKL/M-CSF. In vivo results further suggest that osteolytic BM in lung cancer specifically relies on IBSP-induced macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, IBSP regulates the Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1)-NFAT signaling pathway and mediates the forward shift of macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation, thereby leading to early osteolysis. Moreover, inhibition of Rac1 by EHT-1864 or azathioprine in mice models can remarkably alleviate IBSP-induced BM of lung cancer. Overall, our study suggests that tumor-secreted IBSP promotes BM by inducing macrophage-to-osteoclast differentiation, with potential as an early diagnostic maker for BM, and Rac1 can be the therapeutic target for IBSP-promoted BM in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xijun Liang
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yaokai Wen
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fengying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifeng Gu
- Interventional Radiology Department, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 2000325, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center of Excellence for Thoracic Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1128, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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2
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Zhao L, Hu H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Huang Y, Liu Q, Jin L, Zhu M, Zhang L. Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e516. [PMID: 38617433 PMCID: PMC11014467 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the most endangering healthy diseases. Current therapies contain controlling high blood sugar, reducing risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and so on; however, DM patients inevitably and eventually progress into different types of diabetes complications, resulting in poor quality of life. Unfortunately, the clear etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes complications have not been elucidated owing to intricate whole-body systems. The immune system was responsible to regulate homeostasis by triggering or resolving inflammatory response, indicating it may be necessary to diabetes complications. In fact, previous studies have been shown inflammation plays multifunctional roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications and is attracting attention to be the meaningful therapeutic strategy. To this end, this review systematically concluded the current studies over the relationships of susceptible diabetes complications (e.g., diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy) and inflammation, ranging from immune cell response, cytokines interaction to pathomechanism of organ injury. Besides, we also summarized various therapeutic strategies to improve diabetes complications by target inflammation from special remedies to conventional lifestyle changes. This review will offer a panoramic insight into the mechanisms of diabetes complications from an inflammatory perspective and also discuss contemporary clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zheting Liu
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicines Education (Zhejiang Chinese Medical University)College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Meifei Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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3
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Youssef N, Noureldein MH, Riachi ME, Haddad A, Eid AA. Macrophage polarization and signaling in diabetic kidney disease: a catalyst for disease progression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F301-F312. [PMID: 38153850 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00266.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes affecting millions of people worldwide. Macrophages, a critical immune cell type, are central players in the development and progression of DKD. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate role of macrophages in DKD, examining how they can become polarized into proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. We explore the signaling pathways involved in macrophage recruitment and polarization in the kidneys, including the key cytokines and transcription factors that promote M1 and M2 polarization. In addition, we discuss the latest clinical studies investigating macrophages in DKD and explore the potential of hypoglycemic drugs for modulating macrophage polarization. By gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate macrophage polarization in DKD, we may identify novel therapeutic targets for this debilitating complication of diabetes. This review provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between macrophages and DKD, shedding light on the latest developments in this important area of research. This review aims to enhance understanding of the role that macrophages play in the pathogenesis of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mansour E Riachi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antony Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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4
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Santra M, Geary ML, Rubin E, Hsu MYS, Funderburgh ML, Chandran C, Du Y, Dhaliwal DK, Jhanji V, Yam GHF. Good manufacturing practice production of human corneal limbus-derived stromal stem cells and in vitro quality screening for therapeutic inhibition of corneal scarring. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:11. [PMID: 38185673 PMCID: PMC10773078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells in the adult corneal stroma (named corneal stromal stem cells, CSSCs) inhibit corneal inflammation and scarring and restore corneal clarity in pre-clinical corneal injury models. This cell therapy could alleviate the heavy reliance on donor materials for corneal transplantation to treat corneal opacities. Herein, we established Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) protocols for CSSC isolation, propagation, and cryostorage, and developed in vitro quality control (QC) metric for in vivo anti-scarring potency of CSSCs in treating corneal opacities. METHODS A total of 24 donor corneal rims with informed consent were used-18 were processed for the GMP optimization of CSSC culture and QC assay development, while CSSCs from the remaining 6 were raised under GMP-optimized conditions and used for QC validation. The cell viability, growth, substrate adhesion, stem cell phenotypes, and differentiation into stromal keratocytes were assayed by monitoring the electric impedance changes using xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence. CSSC's conditioned media were tested for the anti-inflammatory activity using an osteoclastogenesis assay with mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In vivo scar inhibitory outcomes were verified using a mouse model of anterior stromal injury caused by mechanical ablation using an Algerbrush burring. RESULTS By comparatively assessing various GMP-compliant reagents with the corresponding non-GMP research-grade chemicals used in the laboratory-based protocols, we finalized GMP protocols covering donor limbal stromal tissue processing, enzymatic digestion, primary CSSC culture, and cryopreservation. In establishing the in vitro QC metric, two parameters-stemness stability of ABCG2 and nestin and anti-inflammatory ability (rate of inflammation)-were factored into a novel formula to calculate a Scarring Index (SI) for each CSSC batch. Correlating with the in vivo scar inhibitory outcomes, the CSSC batches with SI < 10 had a predicted 50% scar reduction potency, whereas cells with SI > 10 were ineffective to inhibit scarring. CONCLUSIONS We established a full GMP-compliant protocol for donor CSSC cultivation, which is essential toward clinical-grade cell manufacturing. A novel in vitro QC-in vivo potency correlation was developed to predict the anti-scarring efficacy of donor CSSCs in treating corneal opacities. This method is applicable to other cell-based therapies and pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Santra
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Moira L Geary
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rubin
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Y S Hsu
- Immunologic Monitoring and Cellular Products Laboratory, Hillman Cancer Centre, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Funderburgh
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christine Chandran
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Deepinder K Dhaliwal
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Corneal Regeneration Lab, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mercy Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 1622 Locust Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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5
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Nirala BK, Yamamichi T, Petrescu DI, Shafin TN, Yustein JT. Decoding the Impact of Tumor Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5108. [PMID: 37894474 PMCID: PMC10605493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous, highly metastatic bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Despite advancements in multimodal treatment strategies, the prognosis for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease has not improved significantly in the last four decades. OS is a highly heterogeneous tumor; its genetic background and the mechanism of oncogenesis are not well defined. Unfortunately, no effective molecular targeted therapy is currently available for this disease. Understanding osteosarcoma's tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently gained much interest among scientists hoping to provide valuable insights into tumor heterogeneity, progression, metastasis, and the identification of novel therapeutic avenues. Here, we review the current understanding of the TME of OS, including different cellular and noncellular components, their crosstalk with OS tumor cells, and their involvement in tumor progression and metastasis. We also highlight past/current clinical trials targeting the TME of OS for effective therapies and potential future therapeutic strategies with negligible adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jason T. Yustein
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (B.K.N.); (T.Y.); (D.I.P.); (T.N.S.)
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6
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Chen Y, Liu Z, Lin Z, Lu M, Fu Y, Liu G, Yu B. The effect of Staphylococcus aureus on innate and adaptive immunity and potential immunotherapy for S. aureus-induced osteomyelitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219895. [PMID: 37744377 PMCID: PMC10517662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a chronic inflammatory bone disease caused by infection of open fractures or post-operative implants. Particularly in patients with open fractures, the risk of osteomyelitis is greatly increased as the soft tissue damage and bacterial infection are often more severe. Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most common pathogens of osteomyelitis, disrupts the immune response through multiple mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, virulence factor secretion, and metabolic pattern alteration, which attenuates the effectiveness of antibiotics and surgical debridement toward osteomyelitis. In osteomyelitis, immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and T cells are activated in response to pathogenic bacteria invasion with excessive inflammatory factor secretion, immune checkpoint overexpression, and downregulation of immune pathway transcription factors, which enhances osteoclastogenesis and results in bone destruction. Therefore, the study of the mechanisms of abnormal immunity will be a new breakthrough in the treatment of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Chen
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexin Lin
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mincheng Lu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Trauma Center, Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical College, South China University, Hengyang, China
| | - Guanqiao Liu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Zhou J, Georgas E, Su Y, Zhou J, Kröger N, Benn F, Kopp A, Qin Y, Zhu D. Evolution from Bioinert to Bioresorbable: In Vivo Comparative Study of Additively Manufactured Metal Bone Scaffolds. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302702. [PMID: 37424385 PMCID: PMC10502659 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Additively manufactured scaffolds offer significant potential for treating bone defects, owing to their porous, customizable architecture and functionalization capabilities. Although various biomaterials have been investigated, metals - the most successful orthopedic material - have yet to yield satisfactory results. Conventional bio-inert metals, such as titanium (Ti) and its alloys, are widely used for fixation devices and reconstructive implants, but their non-bioresorbable nature and the mechanical property mismatch with human bones limit their application as porous scaffolds for bone regeneration. Advancements in additive manufacturing have facilitated the use of bioresorbable metals, including magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and their alloys, as porous scaffolds via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technology. This in vivo study presents a comprehensive, side-by-side comparative analysis of the interactions between bone regeneration and additively manufactured bio-inert/bioresorbable metal scaffolds, as well as their therapeutic outcomes. The research offers an in-depth understanding of the metal scaffold-assisted bone healing process, illustrating that Mg and Zn scaffolds contribute to the bone healing process in distinct ways, but ultimately deliver superior therapeutic outcomes compared to Ti scaffolds. These findings suggest that bioresorbable metal scaffolds hold considerable promise for the clinical treatment of bone defects in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncen Zhou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Stony BrookStony BrookNY11794USA
| | - Elias Georgas
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Stony BrookStony BrookNY11794USA
| | - Yingchao Su
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Stony BrookStony BrookNY11794USA
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Stony BrookStony BrookNY11794USA
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Division of Plastic‐Reconstructive‐ and Aesthetic SurgeryUniversity Hospital Cologne50937CologneGermany
| | | | | | - Yi‐Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Stony BrookStony BrookNY11794USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Stony BrookStony BrookNY11794USA
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8
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Kim EY, Kim JE, Chung SH, Park JE, Yoon D, Min HJ, Sung Y, Lee SB, Kim SW, Chang EJ. Concomitant induction of SLIT3 and microRNA-218-2 in macrophages by toll-like receptor 4 activation limits osteoclast commitment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:213. [PMID: 37596575 PMCID: PMC10436635 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01226-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) conducts a highly regulated inflammatory process by limiting the extent of inflammation to avoid toxicity and tissue damage, even in bone tissues. Thus, it is plausible that strategies for the maintenance of normal bone-immunity to prevent undesirable bone damage by TLR4 activation can exist, but direct evidence is still lacking. METHODS Osteoclast precursors (OCPs) obtained from WT or Slit3-deficient mice were differentiated into osteoclast (OC) with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), RANK ligand (RANKL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by determining the number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells (TRAP+ MNCs). To determine the alteration of OCPs population, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was conducted in bone marrow cells in mice after LPS injection. The severity of bone loss in LPS injected WT or Slit3-deficient mice was evaluated by micro-CT analysis. RESULT We demonstrate that TLR4 activation by LPS inhibits OC commitment by inducing the concomitant expression of miR-218-2-3p and its host gene, Slit3, in mouse OCPs. TLR4 activation by LPS induced SLIT3 and its receptor ROBO1 in BMMs, and this SLIT3-ROBO1 axis hinders RANKL-induced OC differentiation by switching the protein levels of C/EBP-β isoforms. A deficiency of SLIT3 resulted in increased RANKL-induced OC differentiation, and the elevated expression of OC marker genes including Pu.1, Nfatc1, and Ctsk. Notably, Slit3-deficient mice showed expanded OCP populations in the bone marrow. We also found that miR-218-2 was concomitantly induced with SLIT3 expression after LPS treatment, and that this miRNA directly suppressed Tnfrsf11a (RANK) expression at both gene and protein levels, linking it to a decrease in OC differentiation. An endogenous miR-218-2 block rescued the expression of RANK and subsequent OC formation in LPS-stimulated OCPs. Aligned with these results, SLIT3-deficient mice displayed increased OC formation and reduced bone density after LPS challenge. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the TLR4-dependent concomitant induction of Slit3 and miR-218-2 targets RANK in OCPs to restrain OC commitment, thereby avoiding an uncoordinated loss of bone through inflammatory processes. These observations provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of TLR4 in controlling the commitment phase of OC differentiation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Dohee Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yoolim Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Soo Been Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center and AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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9
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Zou XZ, Hao JF, Hou MX. Hmgcs2 regulates M2 polarization of macrophages to repair myocardial injury induced by sepsis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7794-7810. [PMID: 37561521 PMCID: PMC10457052 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are often the most severely impacted by the rapid onset of sepsis, which can lead to multiple organ failure. The mortality has ranged from 10 to 40% when it has evolved into septic shock. This study sought to demonstrate the potential and role of Hmgcs2 in safeguarding against cardiovascular harm in septic mouse models. The cecal ligament and puncture (CLP) model was used to induce sepsis in C57BL/6 mice, with Hmgcs2 expression in the myocardium of the mice being heightened and inflammatory factors being augmented. Subsequently, we utilized ASOs to silence the hmgcs2 gene, and found that silencing accelerated septic myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction in CLP mice models. In contrast, hmgcs2 attenuated inflammation and apoptosis and protected against septic cardiomyopathy in murine septicemia models. Src production, spurred on by Hmgcs2, triggered the PI3K/Akt pathway and augmented M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, the inhibition of M2 polarization by an Src antagonist significantly contributed to apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Our research revealed that Hmgcs2 inhibited the activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and, through Src-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, promoted the anti-inflammatory phenotype, thus safeguarding myocardial damage from sepsis. This offers a novel theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of infectious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zheng Zou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Hao
- Department of Nephrology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ming-Xiao Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command of China Medical University, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, PR China
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, The Veterans General Hospital of Liaoning, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
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10
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Ormazabal ME, Pavan E, Vaena E, Ferino D, Biasizzo J, Mucci JM, Serra F, Cifù A, Scarpa M, Rozenfeld PA, Dardis AE. Exploring the Pathophysiologic Cascade Leading to Osteoclastogenic Activation in Gaucher Disease Monocytes Generated via CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11204. [PMID: 37446383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the acid β-glucosidase gene (GBA1), leading to a deficiency in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme activity resulting in the intracellular accumulation of sphingolipids. Skeletal alterations are one of the most disabling features in GD patients. Although both defective bone formation and increased bone resorption due to osteoblast and osteoclast dysfunction contribute to GD bone pathology, the molecular bases are not fully understood, and bone disease is not completely resolved with currently available specific therapies. For this reason, using editing technology, our group has developed a reliable, isogenic, and easy-to-handle cellular model of GD monocytes (GBAKO-THP1) to facilitate GD pathophysiology studies and high-throughput drug screenings. In this work, we further characterized the model showing an increase in proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) release and activation of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, our data suggest that GD monocytes would display an increased osteoclastogenic potential, independent of their interaction with the GD microenvironment or other GD cells. Both proinflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis were restored at least, in part, by treating cells with the recombinant human GCase, a substrate synthase inhibitor, a pharmacological chaperone, and an anti-inflammatory compound. Besides confirming that this model would be suitable to perform high-throughput screening of therapeutic molecules that act via different mechanisms and on different phenotypic features, our data provided insights into the pathogenic cascade, leading to osteoclastogenesis exacerbation and its contribution to bone pathology in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Emanuel Ormazabal
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Pavan
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Emilio Vaena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Dania Ferino
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jessica Biasizzo
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Juan Marcos Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Fabrizio Serra
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Adriana Cifù
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paula Adriana Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrea Elena Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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11
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Mishchenko O, Yanovska A, Sulaieva O, Moskalenko R, Pernakov M, Husak Y, Korniienko V, Deineka V, Kosinov O, Varakuta O, Ramanavicius S, Varzhapetjan S, Ramanaviciene A, Krumina D, Knipše G, Ramanavicius A, Pogorielov M. From Synthesis to Clinical Trial: Novel Bioinductive Calcium Deficient HA/β-TCP Bone Grafting Nanomaterial. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1876. [PMID: 37368306 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Maxillary sinus augmentation is a commonly used procedure for the placement of dental implants. However, the use of natural and synthetic materials in this procedure has resulted in postoperative complications ranging from 12% to 38%. To address this issue, we developed a novel calcium deficient HA/β-TCP bone grafting nanomaterial using a two-step synthesis method with appropriate structural and chemical parameters for sinus lifting applications. We demonstrated that our nanomaterial exhibits high biocompatibility, enhances cell proliferation, and stimulates collagen expression. Furthermore, the degradation of β-TCP in our nanomaterial promotes blood clot formation, which supports cell aggregation and new bone growth. In a clinical trial involving eight cases, we observed the formation of compact bone tissue 8 months after the operation, allowing for the successful installation of dental implants without any early postoperative complications. Our results suggest that our novel bone grafting nanomaterial has the potential to improve the success rate of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Mishchenko
- Department of Surgical And Propaedeutic Dentistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26, Prosp. Mayakovskogo, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Anna Yanovska
- Theoretical and Applied Chemistry Department, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Sulaieva
- Medical Laboratory CSD, Vasylkivska Street, 45, 21000 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Moskalenko
- Ukrainian-Swedish Centre SUMEYA, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Pernakov
- Department of Morphology, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Yevheniia Husak
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Viktoriia Korniienko
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Volodymyr Deineka
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleksii Kosinov
- Department of Surgical And Propaedeutic Dentistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26, Prosp. Mayakovskogo, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Olga Varakuta
- Department of Surgical And Propaedeutic Dentistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26, Prosp. Mayakovskogo, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Simonas Ramanavicius
- Department of Electrochemical Material Science, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Suren Varzhapetjan
- Department of Surgical And Propaedeutic Dentistry, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 26, Prosp. Mayakovskogo, 69035 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dzanna Krumina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Gundega Knipše
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas-Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maksym Pogorielov
- Biomedical Research Centre, Sumy State University, R-Korsakova Street, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
- Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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12
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Song Z, Cheng Y, Chen M, Xie X. Macrophage polarization in bone implant repair: A review. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102112. [PMID: 37257287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (MΦ) are highly adaptable and functionally polarized cells that play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. Typically, MΦ differentiate into two distinct subsets: the proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. Due to their potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, MΦ have garnered significant attention in recent decades. In the context of bone implant repair, the immunomodulatory function of MΦ is of paramount importance. Depending on their polarization phenotype, MΦ can exert varying effects on osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and the inflammatory response around the implant. This paper provides an overview of the immunomodulatory and inflammatory effects of MΦ polarization in the repair of bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Song
- Central South University Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxi Cheng
- Central South University Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China; Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Central South University Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Central South University Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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13
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Li D, Jiang Y, He P, Li Y, Wu Y, Lei W, Liu N, de Bruijn JD, Zhang H, Zhang H, Ji P, Yuan H, Li M. Hypoxia Drives Material-Induced Heterotopic Bone Formation by Enhancing Osteoclastogenesis via M2/Lipid-Loaded Macrophage Axis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207224. [PMID: 36970815 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a double-edged sword. Pathological HO presents as an undesired clinical complication, whereas controlled heterotopic bone formation by synthetic osteoinductive materials shows promising therapeutic potentials for bone regeneration. However, the mechanism of material-induced heterotopic bone formation remains largely unknown. Early acquired HO being usually accompanied by severe tissue hypoxia prompts the hypothesis that hypoxia caused by the implantation coordinates serial cellular events and ultimately induces heterotopic bone formation in osteoinductive materials. The data presented herein shows a link between hypoxia, macrophage polarization to M2, osteoclastogenesis, and material-induced bone formation. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial mediator of cellular responses to hypoxia, is highly expressed in an osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramic (CaP) during the early phase of implantation, while pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α significantly inhibits M2 macrophage, subsequent osteoclast, and material-induced bone formation. Similarly, in vitro, hypoxia enhances M2 macrophage and osteoclast formation. Osteoclast-conditioned medium enhances osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, such enhancement disappears with the presence of HIF-1α inhibitor. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis reveals that hypoxia enhances osteoclastogenesis via the axis of M2/lipid-loaded macrophages. The current findings shed new light on the mechanism of HO and favor the design of more potent osteoinductive materials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yucan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Ping He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yeming Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Nanxin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400015, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands
- Huipin Yuan's Lab, Chengdu, 610000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, P. R. China
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14
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Nie Z, Hu Z, Guo X, Xiao Y, Liu X, de Bruijn JD, Bao C, Yuan H. Genesis of osteoclasts on calcium phosphate ceramics and their role in material-induced bone formation. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:625-638. [PMID: 36371003 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses play important roles in material-induced bone formation and such roles were further explored in the current study with an emphasis on M2 macrophages and osteoclastogenesis. With the presence of M-CSF and RANKL, M0 macrophages from FVB mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) fused to osteoclasts with both M2 marker and osteoclast marker at day 5, and such osteoclast formation at day 5 was enhanced when the cells were treated with IL-4 at day 3. With IL-4 treatment alone for 24 h, M0 polarized into M2 macrophages. Conditioned medium of M2 macrophages enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 (pre-osteoblasts) while osteoclast conditioned medium enhanced osteogenic differentiation of CRL-12424 (osteogenic precursors). TCPs (a typical osteoinductive material) supported M2 macrophage polarization at day 4 and osteoclast formation at day 5, while TCPb (a typical non-osteoinductive material) was less effective. Moreover, osteoclasts formed on TCPs produced osteogenic factors including S1P, Wnt10B and BMP-6, resulting osteogenic differentiation of CRL-12424 cells. Similar to in vitro testing, TCPs favored M2 macrophage polarization followed by the formation of osteoclasts in vivo, as compared to TCPb. The overall data provided evidence of a coupling between M2 macrophages, osteoclasts and material-induced bone formation: osteoclasts formed from M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic cytokines to induce osteogenic differentiation of osteogenic precursor cells to finally form bone. The current findings outlined a biological mechanism of material-induced bone formation and further rationalized the use of osteoinductive materials for bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper provides evidence for finding out the relationship between M2 macrophages, osteoclasts and osteogenesis in material-induced bone formation. It suggested that osteoinductive materials enhanced macrophage polarization to M2 macrophages which fuses to osteoclasts, osteoclasts subsequently secret osteogenic cytokines to differentiate finally osteogenic precursors to form bone in osteoinductive materials. The data supports scientifically the superiority of osteoinductive materials for bone regeneration in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangling Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, MB Bilthoven 3723, the Netherlands; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, MB Bilthoven 3723, the Netherlands; Huipin Yuan's Lab, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Mohareer K, Banerjee S. Mycobacterial infection alters host mitochondrial activity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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16
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Sun J, Cai G, Shen J, Cheng P, Zhang J, Jiang D, Xu X, Lu F, Chen L, Chen H. AS-605240 Blunts Osteoporosis by Inhibition of Bone Resorption. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1275-1288. [PMID: 37138583 PMCID: PMC10150757 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s403231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease. Osteoclasts are significantly involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. AS-605240 (AS) is a small molecule PI3K-γ inhibitor and is less toxic compared to pan-PI3K inhibitors. AS also exerts multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and myocardial remodeling promotion. However, the involvement of AS in the differentiation and functions of osteoclasts and the effect of AS in treating patients with osteoporosis is still unclear. Purpose This study aimed to investigate if AS inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts and resorption of the bones induced by M-CSF and RANKL. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of AS on bone loss in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis mice models. Methods We stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages with an osteoclast differentiation medium containing different AS concentrations for 6 days or 5μM AS at different times. Next, we performed tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, bone resorption assay, F-actin ring fluorescence, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting (WB). Next, MC3T3-E1s (pre-osteoblast cells) were differentiated to osteoblast by stimulating the cells with varying AS concentrations. Next, we performed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, RT-qPCR, and WB on these cells. We established an OVX-induced osteoporosis mice model and treated the mice with 20mg/kg of AS. Finally, we extracted the femurs and performed micro-CT scanning, H&E, and TRAP staining. Results AS inhibits the formation of osteoclasts and resorption of bone triggered by RANKL by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, AS enhances the differentiation of osteoblasts and inhibits bone loss due to OVX in vivo. Conclusion AS inhibits osteoclast production and enhances osteoblast differentiation in mice, thus providing a new therapeutic approach for treating patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dengteng Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangying Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Bone Development and Metabolism Research Center of Taizhou Hospital, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Haixiao Chen; Lihua Chen, Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, N.150 Ximen Road of Linhai City, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15268400288, +86 13757624851, Email ;
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17
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Brom VC, Strauss AC, Sieberath A, Salber J, Burger C, Wirtz DC, Schildberg FA. Agonistic and antagonistic targeting of immune checkpoint molecules differentially regulate osteoclastogenesis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:988365. [PMID: 36817431 PMCID: PMC9931766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.988365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in the treatment of various cancers and have been extensively researched with regard to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, this revolutionary therapeutic strategy often provokes critical auto-inflammatory adverse events, such as inflammatory reactions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, and skeletal systems. Because the function of these immunomodulatory co-receptors is highly cell-type specific and the role of macrophages as osteoclast precursors is widely published, we aimed to analyze the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on these bone-resorbing cells. Methods We established an in vitro model of osteoclastogenesis using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, to which various immune checkpoints and corresponding antagonistic antibodies were administered. Formation of osteoclasts was quantified and cell morphology was analyzed via immunofluorescence staining, cell size measurements, and calculation of cell numbers in a multitude of samples. Results These methodical approaches for osteoclast research achieved objective, comparable, and reproducible results despite the great heterogeneity in the form, size, and number of osteoclasts. In addition to the standardization of experimental analyses involving osteoclasts, our study has revealed the substantial effects of agonistic and antagonistic checkpoint modulation on osteoclastogenesis, confirming the importance of immune checkpoints in bone homeostasis. Discussion Our work will enable more robust and reproducible investigations into the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in conditions with diminished bone density such as osteoporosis, aseptic loosening of endoprostheses, cancer, as well as the side effects of cancer therapy, and might even pave the way for novel individualized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Brom
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas C Strauss
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Sieberath
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Centre for Clinical Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jochen Salber
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Centre for Clinical Research, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum GmbH, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christof Burger
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter C Wirtz
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Chowdhury S, Trivedi AK. Origin, production and molecular determinants of macrophages for their therapeutic targeting. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:15-29. [PMID: 36183367 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the most heterogeneous cells of the hematopoietic system and the giant eaters of the immune system that present either as tissue-resident cells or infiltrated immune cells, eliminate foreign pathogens and microbes and also play different physiological roles to maintain the body's immune response. In this review, we basically provide a broad overview of macrophages from their origin, functional diversity to M1-M2 polarization, specialized markers, and their role as important therapeutic targets in different diseases based on the current research and evidence. Apart from this, we have precisely discussed about tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their role in tumor progression and newly discovered lesser-known markers of TAMs that could be used as potential therapeutic targets to treat life-threatening diseases. It is really very important to understand the diversity of macrophages to develop TAM-modulating strategies to activate our own immune system against diseases and to overcome immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Chowdhury
- LSS008 Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Arun K Trivedi
- LSS008 Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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19
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Chow SKH, Wong CHW, Cui C, Li MMC, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Modulating macrophage polarization for the enhancement of fracture healing, a systematic review. J Orthop Translat 2022; 36:83-90. [PMID: 35979176 PMCID: PMC9364046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background All fracture repairs start with the innate immune system with the inflammatory response known as the inflammatory stage guided and driven by the secretion of chemokine by the ruptured tissue, followed by the sequential recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. These innate immune cells would infiltrate the fracture site and secrete inflammatory cytokines to stimulate recruitment of more immune cells to arrive at the fracture site coordinating subsequent stages of the repair process. In which, subsidence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage and transformation to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages promotes osteogenesis that marks the start of the anabolic endochondral stage. Methods Literature search was performed on Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases (last accessed 15th April 2021) using “macrophage AND fracture”. Review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Results Eleven pre-clinical animal studies out of 429 articles were included in this systematic review according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria. All of which investigated interventions targeting to modulate the acute inflammatory response and macrophage polarization as evident by various markers in association with fracture healing outcomes. Conclusion This systematic review summarizes attempts to modulate the innate immune response with focuses on promoting macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype targeting the enhancement of fracture injury repair. Methods used to achieve the goal may include applications of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) or mechanical stimulation that hold high translational potentials for clinical application in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carissa Hing-Wai Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michelle Meng-Chen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Loureirin B downregulates osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow macrophages by targeting the MAPK signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14382. [PMID: 35999378 PMCID: PMC9399088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive absorption of osteoclasts will break the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, leading to bone loss, decreased bone density, and increased bone fragility. We have shown that Loureirin B (LrB) can inhibit osteoclasts. In this study, we demonstrated the targeting-inhibitory mechanism of LrB acting on osteoclast precursor. Using SPR, HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS to capture and analyze the target protein of Loureirin B in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), we used this method to detect all target proteins that LrB acts on BMMs, and analyzed the distribution and enrichment rate of the target protein by DAVID enrichment analysis. Ledock molecular docking was used to detect the binding of LrB. We used Western Blot for verification. The target proteins of LrB acting on BMMs were Serpine1, Atp6ap1, Dvl1, Rhd, Fzd2, MAPK1, MAP2K2, MAPK3 and so on. MAPK1, MAP2K2 and MAPK3 were the most relevant. LrB treatment attenuated the expression of phosphorylated JNK and p38 kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway. Our research further confirmed that LrB affects the MAPK signaling pathway in BMMs, thereby inhibiting the differentiation of BMMs into osteoclasts. This discovery can confirm the mechanism by which LrB acts on BMMs.
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21
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Integrin Regulators in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132025. [PMID: 35805108 PMCID: PMC9266208 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and are critical for innate immunity and inflammation. Integrins are critical for neutrophil functions, especially for their recruitment to sites of inflammation or infections. Integrin conformational changes during activation have been heavily investigated but are still not fully understood. Many regulators, such as talin, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM), Rap1, and kindlin, are critical for integrin activation and might be potential targets for integrin-regulating drugs in treating inflammatory diseases. In this review, we outline integrin activation regulators in neutrophils with a focus on the above critical regulators, as well as newly discovered modulators that are involved in integrin activation.
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22
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Baratchart E, Lo CH, Lynch CC, Basanta D. Integrated computational and in vivo models reveal Key Insights into macrophage behavior during bone healing. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009839. [PMID: 35559958 PMCID: PMC9106165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived monocyte and macrophages are key cells in the bone that contribute to remodeling and injury repair. However, their temporal polarization status and control of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts responses is largely unknown. In this study, we focused on two aspects of monocyte/macrophage dynamics and polarization states over time: 1) the injury-triggered pro- and anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages temporal profiles, 2) the contributions of pro- versus anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in coordinating healing response. Bone healing is a complex multicellular dynamic process. While traditional in vitro and in vivo experimentation may capture the behavior of select populations with high resolution, they cannot simultaneously track the behavior of multiple populations. To address this, we have used an integrated coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs)-based framework describing multiple cellular species to in vivo bone injury data in order to identify and test various hypotheses regarding bone cell populations dynamics. Our approach allowed us to infer several biological insights including, but not limited to,: 1) anti-inflammatory macrophages are key for early osteoclast inhibition and pro-inflammatory macrophage suppression, 2) pro-inflammatory macrophages are involved in osteoclast bone resorptive activity, whereas osteoblasts promote osteoclast differentiation, 3) Pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages rise during two expansion waves, which can be explained by the anti-inflammatory macrophages-mediated inhibition phase between the two waves. In addition, we further tested the robustness of the mathematical model by comparing simulation results to an independent experimental dataset. Taken together, this novel comprehensive mathematical framework allowed us to identify biological mechanisms that best recapitulate bone injury data and that explain the coupled cellular population dynamics involved in the process. Furthermore, our hypothesis testing methodology could be used in other contexts to decipher mechanisms in complex multicellular processes. Myeloid-derived monocytes/macrophages are key cells for bone remodeling and injury repair. However, their temporal polarization status and control of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts responses is largely unknown. In this study, we focused on two aspects of monocyte/macrophage population dynamics: 1) the injury-triggered pro- and anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages temporal profiles, 2) the contributions of pro- versus anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in coordinating healing response. In order to test various hypotheses regarding bone cell populations dynamics, we have integrated a coupled ordinary differential equations-based framework describing multiple cellular species to in vivo bone injury data. Our approach allowed us to infer several biological insights including: 1) anti-inflammatory macrophages are key for early osteoclast inhibition and pro-inflammatory macrophage suppression, 2) pro-inflammatory macrophages are involved in osteoclast bone resorptive activity, whereas osteoblasts promote osteoclast differentiation, 3) Pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages rise during two expansion waves, which can be explained by the anti-inflammatory macrophages-mediated inhibition phase between the two waves. Taken together, this mathematical framework allowed us to identify biological mechanisms that recapitulate bone injury data and that explain the coupled cellular population dynamics involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Baratchart
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, SRB4, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chen Hao Lo
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Department of Cell Biology Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Tumor Biology Department, SRB3, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Conor C. Lynch
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Department of Cell Biology Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CL); (DB)
| | - David Basanta
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, SRB4, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CL); (DB)
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23
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Xiang X, Gao W, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Lu T, Gan S, Huang J, Li Z, Huang L, Liao Y, Wang L, Zhang J. Study on promoting regeneration of zebrafish skull by phycocyanin characterized by in vivo optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100333. [PMID: 35044723 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of phycocyanin in bone defect repairing was tested on a zebrafish skull defect model, and the evaluating process was monitored in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty zebrafish were randomly divided into three groups, which were immersed in water and phycocyanin solution (50 and 100 mg/L) after skull defect creating. All zebrafish were examined by OCT immediately after craniotomy, and on the 10th and 20th days of phycocyanin treatment. All the model fish were euthanized to enable a histological evaluation of skull after 20 days of recovery. OCT images demonstrated that phycocyanin (50 mg/L) could repair a cranial defect within 20 days. A high concentration (100 mg/L) of phycocyanin may favor the recovery of bone abnormalities in 10 days, but with the extended treatment time to 20 days, a deformation of the skull occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Gan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziling Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Nam YS, Yang DW, Moon JS, Kang JH, Cho JH, Kim OS, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim YJ, Kim SH. Sclerostin in Periodontal Ligament: Homeostatic Regulator in Biophysical Force-Induced Tooth Movement. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:932-944. [PMID: 35373367 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study elucidates the role of sclerostin in periodontal ligament (PDL) as a homeostatic regulator in biophysical force-induced tooth movement (BFTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS BFTM was performed in rats, followed by microarray, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and real-time PCR for detection and identification of the molecules. The periodontal space was analyzed via micro-computed tomography. Effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were evaluated in mouse bone marrow-derived cells. In vitro human PDL cells were subjected to biophysical forces. RESULTS In the absence of BFTM, sclerostin was hardly detected in the periodontium except the PDL and alveolar bone in the furcation region and apex of the molar roots. However, sclerostin was upregulated in the PDL in vivo by adaptable force, which induced typical transfiguration without changes in periodontal space as well as in vitro PDL cells under compression and tension. In contrast, the sclerostin level was unaffected by heavy force, which caused severe degeneration of the PDL and narrowed periodontal space. Sclerostin inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which corroborates the accelerated tooth movement by the heavy force. CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin in PDL may be a key homeostatic molecule in the periodontium and a biological target for the therapeutic modulation of BFTM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Sung Nam
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Cho
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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25
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Osipov B, Paralkar MP, Emami AJ, Cunningham HC, Tjandra PM, Pathak S, Langer HT, Baar K, Christiansen BA. Sex differences in systemic bone and muscle loss following femur fracture in mice. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:878-890. [PMID: 34081357 PMCID: PMC8639826 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fracture induces systemic bone loss in mice and humans, and a first (index) fracture increases the risk of future fracture at any skeletal site more in men than women. The etiology of this sex difference is unknown, but fracture may induces a greater systemic bone loss response in men. Also sex differences in systemic muscle loss after fracture have not been examined. We investigated sex differences in systemic bone and muscle loss after transverse femur fracture in 3-month-old male and female C57BL/6 J mice. Whole-body and regional bone mineral content and density (BMC and BMD), trabecular and cortical bone microstructure, muscle contractile force, muscle mass, and muscle fiber size were quantified at multiple time points postfracture. Serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were measured 1-day postfracture. One day postfracture, IL-6 and Il-1B were elevated in fracture mice of both sexes, but TNF-α was only elevated in male fracture mice. Fracture reduced BMC, BMD, and trabecular bone microstructural properties in both sexes 2 weeks postfracture, but declines were greater in males. Muscle contractile force, mass, and fiber size decreased primarily in the fractured limb at 2 weeks postfracture and females showed a trend toward greater muscle loss. Bone and muscle properties recovered by 6 weeks postfracture. Overall, postfracture systemic bone loss is greater in men, which may contribute to sex differences in subsequent fracture risk. In both sexes, muscle loss is primarily confined to the injured limb and fracture may induce greater inflammation in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Osipov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Manali P. Paralkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Armaun J. Emami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hailey C. Cunningham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla M. Tjandra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Suraj Pathak
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Henning T. Langer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Blaine A. Christiansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
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26
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The role of immune cells in pulmonary hypertension: Focusing on macrophages. Hum Immunol 2021; 83:153-163. [PMID: 34844784 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening pathological state with elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, resulting in right ventricular failure and heart functional failure. Analyses of human samples and rodent models of pH support the infiltration of various immune cells, including neutrophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells, to the lungs and pulmonary perivascular regions and their involvement in the PH development. There is evidence that macrophages are presented in the pulmonary lesions of pH patients as first-line myeloid leucocytes. Macrophage accumulation and presence, both M1 and M2 phenotypes, is a distinctive hallmark of pH which plays a pivotal role in pulmonary artery remodeling through various cellular and molecular interactions and mechanisms, including CCL2 and CX3CL1 chemokines, adventitial fibroblasts, glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), crosstalk with other immune cells, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). In this paper, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms and the role of immune cells and responses are involved in PH development. We also summarized the polarization of macrophages in response to different stimuli and their pathological role and their infiltration in the lung of pH patients and animal models.
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27
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MiRNAs Expression Profiling in Raw264.7 Macrophages after Nfatc1-Knockdown Elucidates Potential Pathways Involved in Osteoclasts Differentiation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111080. [PMID: 34827073 PMCID: PMC8614811 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of macrophages toward osteoclasts is crucial for bone homeostasis but can be detrimental in disease states, including osteoporosis and cancer. Therefore, understanding the osteoclast differentiation process and the underlying regulatory mechanisms may facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets. Hereby, we tried to reveal new miRNAs potentially involved in the regulation of early steps of osteoclastogenesis, with a particular focus on those possibly correlated with NFATc1 expression, by studying miRNAs profiling. During the first 24 h of osteoclastogenesis, 38 miRNAs were differentially expressed between undifferentiated and RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while 10 miRNAs were differentially expressed between RANKL-stimulated cells transfected with negative control or NFATc1-siRNAs. Among others, the expression levels of miR-411, miR-144 and members of miR-29, miR-30, and miR-23 families changed after RANKL stimulation. Moreover, the potential role of miR-124 during osteoclastogenesis was explored by transient cell transfection with anti-miR-124 or miR-124-mimic. Two relatively unknown miRNAs, miR-880-3p and miR-295-3p, were differentially expressed between RANKL-stimulated/wild-type and RANKL-stimulated/NFATc1-silenced cells, suggesting their possible correlation with NFATc1. KEGG enrichment analyses showed that kinase and phosphatase enzymes were among the predicted targets for many of the studied miRNAs. In conclusion, our study provides new data on the potential role and possible targets of new miRNAs during osteoclastogenesis.
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28
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Chen YH, Hsueh KK, Chu PW, Chen SK. AMP-activated protein kinase mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses and elevated bone resorption in differentiated osteoclasts. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:275-288. [PMID: 34668232 PMCID: PMC9298072 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic and intracellular metabolic states are critical factors affecting immune cell functions. The metabolic regulator AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) senses AMP levels and mediates cellular responses to energy‐restrained conditions. The ubiquitously expressed AMPK participates in various biological functions in numerous cell types, including innate immune cell macrophages and osteoclasts, which are their specialized derivatives in bone tissues. Previous studies have demonstrated that the activation of AMPK promotes macrophage polarization toward anti‐inflammatory M2 status. Additionally, AMPK acts as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis, and upregulation of AMPK disrupts the differentiation of osteoclasts. However, the regulation and roles of AMPK in differentiated osteoclasts have not been characterized. Here, we report that inflammatory stimuli‐regulated‐AMPK activation of differentiated and undifferentiated osteoclasts in opposite ways. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK in macrophages and undifferentiated osteoclasts, but it activated AMPK in differentiated osteoclasts. Inactivating AMPK decreased cellular responses against the activation of toll‐like receptor signaling, including the transcriptional activation of proinflammatory cytokines and the bone resorption genes TRAP, and MMP9. The elevation of bone resorption by LPS stimulation was disrupted by AMPK inhibitor, indicating the pivotal roles of AMPK in inflammation‐induced activities in differentiated osteoclasts. The AMPK activator metformin did not increase proinflammatory responses, possibly because other factors are also required for this regulation. Notably, changing the activation status of AMPK did not alter the expression levels of bone resorption genes in unstimulated osteoclasts, indicating the essential roles of AMPK in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli but not in the maintenance of basal levels. Unlike its M2‐polarizing roles in macrophages, AMPK was not responsive to the M2 stimulus of interleukin‐4. Our observations revealed differences in the cellular properties of macrophages and osteoclasts as well as the complexity of regulatory mechanisms for osteoclast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Kai Hsueh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Chu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National ChengChi University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Kwaun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National ChengChi University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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29
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Guo X, Li M, Qi W, Bai H, Nie Z, Hu Z, Xiao Y, de Bruijn JD, Bao C, Yuan H. Serial cellular events in bone formation initiated by calcium phosphate ceramics. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:730-743. [PMID: 34303865 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the biological mechanisms triggered by osteoinductive materials in vivo, we evaluated the timeline of cellular responses to osteoinductive materials subcutaneously implanted in FVB mice. More F4/80-positive macrophages were present in osteoinductive tri-CaP ceramic (TCP) with submicron surface topography (TCPs) than non-osteoinductive TCP with micron surface topography (TCPb) at week 1. Moreover, TCPs (but not TCPb) significantly enhanced osteoclastogenesis, and induced macrophages to polarize from M1 to M2 in the first week. The time sequence and relevance of macrophages and osteoclasts responses involved in bone formation was then evaluated through peri-implant injection of specific chemicals in mice implanted with osteoinductive TCPs. Day-1 injection of clodronate liposomes (LipClod) depleted macrophages, inhibited macrophage polarization to M2, blocked osteoclastogenesis and bone formation, while the day-6 injection was less effective. Anti-RANKL antibody (aRANKL) did not affect macrophage colonization but inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Injection of aRANKL before week 2 aborted bone formation in TCPs, while injection at week 4 partially inhibited bone formation. The overall data show that following ectopic implantation, osteoinductive materials allow macrophage colonization in hours to days, macrophage polarization to M2 in days (within 7 days), osteoclastogenesis in weeks (e.g. in 2 weeks) and bone formation thereafter (after 4 weeks). The serial cellular events verified herein bring a new insight on material-induced bone formation and pave the way to further explore the mechanisms triggered by osteoinductive materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A series of key cellular events triggered by osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramic was revealed: macrophages colonized within hours to days, polarization of M2 macrophages occurred within 7 days, osteoclastogenesis mainly occurred in weeks (e.g. in 2 weeks) and bone formation finally arose thereafter (after 4 weeks). Moreover, such time sequence of cellular events was confirmed with specific chemicals (clodronate liposomes and anti-RANKL antibody). The findings verified herein bring a new insight on material-induced bone formation and pave the way to further explore the mechanisms triggered by osteoinductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingzheng Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Wenting Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hetian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhangling Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, MB Bilthoven 3723, the Netherlands; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, Prof. Bronkhorstlaan 10, MB Bilthoven 3723, the Netherlands; Huipin Yuan's Lab, Sichuan, China.
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Liang B, Wang H, Wu D, Wang Z. Macrophage M1/M2 polarization dynamically adapts to changes in microenvironment and modulates alveolar bone remodeling after dental implantation. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:433-447. [PMID: 34254348 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma0121-001r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the first arriving immune cells after dental implantation, Mϕs own the abilities to polarize into to a spectrum of diverse phenotypes, from "classically activated" M1 Mϕs to "alternatively activated" M2 Mϕs. Herein, it was hypothesized that Mϕ phenotypes dynamically adapt after dental implantation, and the changes ensue a cascade of coordinated interplay with the bone-forming osteoblast and the bone-resorbing osteoclast. Results showed that the remodelling process after dental implantation was similar with the standard response to tissue injury (exampled by tooth extraction models), only with the delay of bone regeneration phases. Additionally, Mϕ activation in both groups underwent a transition from M1 Mϕs dominated to M2-type dominated stage, but the persistence of M1 Mϕs occurred in rat model of dental implantation. Further research in vitro showed that M1 Mϕs are involved in osteoclast activities via secreting the highest levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as being the potential precursor of osteoclasts. Besides, they also recruited BMSCs by secreting the highest levels of chemoattractants, CCL2 and VEGF. M2 Mϕs accelerated osteogenesis in the subsequent stage via their capability to secrete osteogenesis-related proteins, BMP-2 and TGF-β1. However, the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was inhibited when cultured in a high concentration of conditioned media from each Mϕ phenotype, meaning that the immune strategies should be controlled within the proper ranges. These results suggest that coordinated efforts by both M1 and M2 Mϕs for bone remodelling, which may highlight an optimization strategy for tissue engineering implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Liang
- Department of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haicheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Tavakkoli Avval S, Shoorei H, Taheri M, Samadian M. The impact of non-coding RNAs on macrophage polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112112. [PMID: 34449319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a process through which macrophages attain unique functional features as a response to certain stimuli from their niche. Lipopolysaccharide and Th1 cytokines induce generation of M1 macrophages. On the other hand, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, IL-33, and TGF-β induce polarization of macrophages towards M2 phenotype. This process is also modulated by a number of miRNAs and lncRNAs. miR-375, miR-let7, miR-34a, miR-155, miR-124, miR-34a, miR-511-3p, miR-99a, miR-132 and miR-145-3p are among miRNAs that regulate macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, macrophage polarization is influenced by some lncRNAs such as H19, NRON, MEG3, GAS5, RN7SK, and AK085865. Macrophage polarization has functional significance in a wide range of human disorders particularly immune disorders and cancer. In addition, the effect of certain drugs in modulation of macrophage polarization is exerted through modulation of expression of non-coding RNAs. In the current manuscript, we provide a summary of studies aimed to identification of this aspect of non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Samadian
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Placental Macrophages Demonstrate Sex-Specific Response to Intrauterine Inflammation and May Serve as a Marker of Perinatal Neuroinflammation. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 147:103360. [PMID: 34390899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is considered to be one of the most frequent causes of neonatal death. Prompt and effective measures to predict adverse fetal outcome following PTB are urgently needed. Placenta macrophages are a critical immune cell population during pregnancy, phenotypically divided into M1 and M2 subsets. An established mouse model of intrauterine inflammation (IUI) was applied. Placenta (labyrinth) and corresponding fetal brain were harvested within 24 hours post injection (hpi). Flow cytometry, Western blot, real-time qPCR, and regular histology were utilized to examine the cytokines, macrophage polarization, and sex-specificity. Placental exposure to LPS led to significantly reduced labyrinth thickness compared to PBS-exposed controls as early as 3 hpi, accompanied by apoptosis and necrosis. Pro-inflammatory M1 markers, Il-1β, and iNOS, and anti-inflammatory M2 marker Il-10 increased significantly in placentas exposed to IUI. Analysis of flow cytometry revealed that fetal macrophages (Hofbauer cell, HBCs) were mostly M1-like and that maternal inter-labyrinth macrophages (MIM) were M2-like in their features in IUI. Male fetuses displayed significantly decreased M2-like features in HBCs at 3 and 6 hpi, while female fetuses showed significant increase in M2-like features in MIM at 3 and 6 hpi. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the frequency of HBCs and corresponding microglial marker expression at 3 and 6 hpi. Placental macrophages demonstrated sex-specific features in response to IUI. Specifically, HBCs may be a potential biomarker for fetal brain injury at preterm birth.
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Salmonella Impacts Tumor-Induced Macrophage Polarization, and Inhibits SNAI1-Mediated Metastasis in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122894. [PMID: 34207850 PMCID: PMC8230152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting metastasis is a vital strategy to improve the clinical outcome of cancer patients, specifically in cases with high-grade malignancies. Here, we employed a Salmonella-based treatment to address metastasis. The potential of Salmonella as an anticancer agent has been extensively studied; however, the mechanism through which it affects metastasis remains unclear. This study found that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer SNAI1 was markedly reduced in Salmonella-treated melanoma cells, as revealed by immunoblotting. Furthermore, wound healing and transwell assays showed a reduced in vitro cell migration following Salmonella treatment. Transfection experiments confirmed that Salmonella acted against metastasis by suppressing protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which in turn inhibited SNAI1 expression. Since it is known that metastasis is also influenced by inflammation, we partly characterized the immune infiltrates in melanoma as affected by Salmonella treatment. We found through tumor-macrophage co-culture that Salmonella treatment increased high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion in tumors to coax the polarization of macrophages in favor of an M1-like phenotype, as shown by increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β) secretion. Data from our animal study corroborated the in vitro findings, wherein the Salmonella-treated group obtained the lowest lung metastases, longer survival, and increased iNOS-expressing immune infiltrates.
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Behzatoglu K. Osteoclasts in Tumor Biology: Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Myeloid Transition. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:609472. [PMID: 34257573 PMCID: PMC8262221 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.609472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast is a specialized cell that originates from monocytic lineage, communicates closely with osteoblasts under physiological conditions, participates in bone modeling and re-modeling, contributes to calcium homeostasis and osteoimmunity. In pathological conditions, it is involved in many tumors such as giant cell bone tumor (osteoclastoma), aneurysmal bone cyst, osteosarcoma, and metastatic cancers, and it usually causes local spread and progression of the tumor, working against the host. Since osteoclasts play an active role in primary bone tumors and bone metastases, the use of anti-osteoclastic agents significantly reduces the mortality and morbidity rates of patients by preventing the progression and local spread of tumors. Osteoclasts also accompany undifferentiated carcinomas of many organs, especially pancreas, thyroid, bladder and ovary. Undifferentiated carcinomas rich in osteoclasts have osteoclastoma-like histology. In these organs, osteoclastoma-like histology may accompany epithelial carcinomas, and de novo, benign and borderline tumors. Mature and immature myeloid cells, including osteoclasts, play an active role in the tumor progression in primary and metastatic tumor microenvironment, in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-epithelial-transition (MET), and cancer stem cell formation. Additionally, they are the most suitable candidates for cancer cells in cell fusion due to their evolutionary fusion capabilities. Myeloid features and markers (CD163, CD33, CD68 etc.) can be seen in metastatic cancer cells. Consequently, they provide metastatic cancer cells with motility, margination, transmigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, matrix degradation, and resistance to chemotherapy. For these reasons, we think that the concept of Epithelial-Mesencyhmal-Myeloid-Transition (EMMT) will be more accurate than EMT for cancer cells with myeloid properties.
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Yao Y, Cai X, Ren F, Ye Y, Wang F, Zheng C, Qian Y, Zhang M. The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664871. [PMID: 33868316 PMCID: PMC8044404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology. The interaction between immune cells and osteoclasts in the bone marrow or joint cavity is the basis of osteoimmunity, in which the macrophage-osteoclast axis plays a vital role. Monocytes or tissue-specific macrophages (macrophages resident in tissues) are an important origin of osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environment. Although there are many reports on macrophages and osteoclasts, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity. Elucidating the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity is of great significance for the research or treatment of bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. In this article, we introduced in detail the concept of osteoimmunity and the mechanism and regulators of the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts. Furthermore, we described the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in typical bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. These provide a clear knowledge framework for studying macrophages and osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environments. And targeting the macrophage-osteoclast axis may be an effective strategy to treat bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fujia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Gao WJ, Liu JX, Liu MN, Yao YD, Liu ZQ, Liu L, He HH, Zhou H. Macrophage 3D migration: A potential therapeutic target for inflammation and deleterious progression in diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105563. [PMID: 33746053 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that have different physiological functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, endocytosis, and secretion of various factors. All physiological functions of macrophages are integral to homeostasis, immune defense and tissue repair. However, in several diseases, macrophages are recruited from the blood towards inflammatory sites. This process is called macrophage migration, which promotes deleterious disease progression. Macrophage migration is a key player in many inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers because it contributes to the accumulation of proinflammatory factors, the destruction of tissues and the development of tumors. Therefore, macrophage migration is proposed to be a potential therapeutic target. Macrophages migrate between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) environments, implying that distinct migratory features and mechanisms are involved. Compared with the 2D migration of macrophages, 3D migration involves more complex variations in cellular morphology and dynamics. The structure of the extracellular matrix, a key factor, is modified in diseases that influence macrophage 3D migration. Macrophage 3D migration relates to disease pathology. Research that focuses on macrophage 3D migration is an emerging field and was reviewed in this article to indicate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of macrophage migration in 3D environments and to provide potential targets for controlling disease progression associated with this migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jiao Gao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan He
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, PR China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China.
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Computational modeling reveals a key role for polarized myeloid cells in controlling osteoclast activity during bone injury repair. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6055. [PMID: 33723343 PMCID: PMC7961065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-forming osteoblasts and -resorbing osteoclasts control bone injury repair, and myeloid-derived cells such as monocytes and macrophages are known to influence their behavior. However, precisely how these multiple cell types coordinate and regulate each other over time within the bone marrow to restore bone is difficult to dissect using biological approaches. Conversely, mathematical modeling lends itself well to this challenge. Therefore, we generated an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model powered by experimental data (osteoblast, osteoclast, bone volume, pro- and anti-inflammatory myeloid cells) obtained from intra-tibially injured mice. Initial ODE results using only osteoblast/osteoclast populations demonstrated that bone homeostasis could not be recovered after injury, but this issue was resolved upon integration of pro- and anti-inflammatory myeloid population dynamics. Surprisingly, the ODE revealed temporal disconnects between the peak of total bone mineralization/resorption, and osteoblast/osteoclast numbers. Specifically, the model indicated that osteoclast activity must vary greatly (> 17-fold) to return the bone volume to baseline after injury and suggest that osteoblast/osteoclast number alone is insufficient to predict bone the trajectory of bone repair. Importantly, the values of osteoclast activity fall within those published previously. These data underscore the value of mathematical modeling approaches to understand and reveal new insights into complex biological processes.
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The effect of the WKYMVm peptide on promoting mBMSC secretion of exosomes to induce M2 macrophage polarization through the FPR2 pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:171. [PMID: 33658070 PMCID: PMC7927268 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When multicystic vesicles (precursors of exosomes) are formed in cells, there are two results. One is decomposition by lysosomes, and the other is the generation of exosomes that are transported out through the transmembrane. On the other hand, M2 macrophages promote the formation of local vascularization and provide necessary support for the repair of bone defects. To provide a new idea for the treatment of bone defects, the purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of WKYMVm (Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met-NH2) peptide on the secretion of exosomes from murine bone marrow-derived MSCs (mBMSCs) and the effect of exosomes on the polarization of M2 macrophages. Methods The WKYMVm peptide was used to activate the formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) pathway in mBMSCs. First, we used Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to detect the cytotoxic effect of WKYMVm peptide on mBMSCs. Second, we used western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and transcription factor EB (TFEB) in mBMSCs. Then, we detected lysosomal activity using a lysozyme activity assay kit. Third, we used an exosome extraction kit and western blotting to detect the content of exosomes secreted by mBMSCs. Fourth, we used immunofluorescence and western blotting to count the number of polarized M2 macrophages. Finally, we used an inhibitor to block miRNA-146 in exosomes secreted by mBMSCs and counted the number of polarized M2 macrophages. Results We first found that the WKYMVm peptide had no toxic effect on mBMSCs at a concentration of 1 μmol/L. Second, we found that when the FPR2 pathway was activated by the WKYMVm peptide in mBMSCs, ISG15 and TFEB expression was decreased, leading to increased secretion of exosomes. We also found that lysosomal activity was decreased when the FPR2 pathway was activated by the WKYMVm peptide in mBMSCs. Third, we demonstrated that exosomes secreted by mBMSCs promote the polarization of M2 macrophages. Moreover, all these effects can be blocked by the WRWWWW (WRW4, H-Trp-Arg-Trp-Trp-Trp-Trp-OH) peptide, an inhibitor of the FPR2 pathway. Finally, we confirmed the effect of miRNA-146 in exosomes secreted by mBMSCs on promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated the potential value of the WKYMVm peptide in promoting the secretion of exosomes by mBMSCs and eventually leading to M2 macrophage polarization. We believe that our study could provide a research basis for the clinical treatment of bone defects.
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Wang J, Jiao D, Huang X, Bai Y. Osteoclastic effects of mBMMSCs under compressive pressure during orthodontic tooth movement. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:148. [PMID: 33632323 PMCID: PMC7905894 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), alveolar bone remodelling is closely related to mechanical force. It is unclear whether stem cells can affect osteoclastogenesis to promote OTM. This study aimed to investigate the role of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs) under compression load in OTM. Methods A mouse OTM model was established, and GFP-labelled mBMMSCs and normal saline were injected into different groups of mice by tail vein injection. OTM distance was measured using tissue specimens and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The locations of mBMMSCs were traced using GFP immunohistochemistry. Haematoxylin-eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry of Runx2 and lipoprotein lipase were used to assess changes in the periodontal ligament during OTM. mBMMSCs under compression were co-cultured with mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (mBMMs), and the gene expression levels of Rankl, Mmp-9, TRAP, Ctsk, Alp, Runx2, Ocn and Osterix were determined by RT-PCR. Results Ten days after mBMMSCs were injected into the tail vein of mice, the OTM distance increased from 176 (normal saline) to 298.4 μm, as determined by tissue specimen observation, and 174.2 to 302.6 μm, as determined by micro-CT metrological analysis. GFP-labelled mBMMSCs were mostly located on the compressed side of the periodontal ligament. Compared to the saline group, the number of osteoclasts in the alveolar bone increased significantly (P < 0.01) on the compressed side in the mBMMSC group. Three days after mBMMSC injection, the number of Runx2-GFP double-positive cells on the tension side was significantly higher than that on the compression side. After applying compressive force on the mBMMSCs in vitro for 2 days, RANKL expression was significantly higher than in the non-compression cells, but expression of Alp, Runx2, Ocn and Osterix was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The numbers of osteoclasts differentiated in response to mBMMs co-cultured with mBMMSCs under pressure load and expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes (Mmp-9, TRAP and Ctsk) were significantly higher than those in mBMMs stimulated by M-CSF alone (P < 0.05). Conclusions mBMMSCs are not only recruited to the compressed side of the periodontal ligament but can also promote osteoclastogenesis by expressing Rankl, improving the efficiency of OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Delong Jiao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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McGowan LM, Kague E, Vorster A, Newham E, Cross S, Hammond CL. Wnt16 Elicits a Protective Effect Against Fractures and Supports Bone Repair in Zebrafish. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10461. [PMID: 33778326 PMCID: PMC7990157 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is a dynamic, multicellular process that is required throughout life to maintain bone integrity, prevent fracture, and respond to skeletal damage. WNT16 has been linked to bone fragility and osteoporosis in human genome wide‐association studies, as well as the functional hematopoiesis of leukocytes in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which WNT16 promotes bone health and repair are not fully understood. In this study, CRISPR‐Cas9 was used to generate mutant zebrafish lacking Wnt16 (wnt16−/−) to study its effect on bone dynamically. The wnt16 mutants displayed variable tissue mineral density (TMD) and were susceptible to spontaneous fractures and the accumulation of bone calluses at an early age. Fractures were induced in the lepidotrichia of the caudal fins of wnt16−/− and WT zebrafish; this model was used to probe the mechanisms by which Wnt16 regulates skeletal and immune cell dynamics in vivo. In WT fins, wnt16 expression increased significantly during the early stages for bone repair. Mineralization of bone during fracture repair was significantly delayed in wnt16 mutants compared with WT zebrafish. Surprisingly, there was no evidence that the recruitment of innate immune cells to fractures or soft callus formation was altered in wnt16 mutants. However, osteoblast recruitment was significantly delayed in wnt16 mutants postfracture, coinciding with precocious activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In situ hybridization suggests that canonical Wnt‐responsive cells within fractures are osteoblast progenitors, and that osteoblast differentiation during bone repair is coordinated by the dynamic expression of runx2a and wnt16. This study highlights zebrafish as an emerging model for functionally validating osteoporosis–associated genes and investigating fracture repair dynamically in vivo. Using this model, it was found that Wnt16 protects against fracture and supports bone repair, likely by modulating canonical Wnt activity via runx2a to facilitate osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix deposition. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Alistair Vorster
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Elis Newham
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Stephen Cross
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Bristol Bristol UK
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Rozenfeld PA, Crivaro AN, Ormazabal M, Mucci JM, Bondar C, Delpino MV. Unraveling the mystery of Gaucher bone density pathophysiology. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:76-85. [PMID: 32782168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by pathogenic mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase. Despite the existence of a variety of specific treatments for GD, they cannot completely reverse bone complications. Many studies have evidenced the impairment in bone tissue of GD, and molecular mechanisms of bone density alterations in GD are being studied during the last years and different reports emphasized its efforts trying to unravel why and how bone tissue is affected. The cause of skeletal density affection in GD is a matter of debates between research groups. and there are two opposing hypotheses trying to explain reduced bone mineral density in GD: increased bone resorption versus impaired bone formation. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms of bone alterations implicated in GD revealed until the present, along with a presentation of normal bone physiology and its regulation. With this information in mind, we discuss effectiveness of specific therapies, introduce possible adjunctive therapies and present a novel model for GD-associated bone density pathogenesis. Under the exposed evidence, we may conclude that both sides of the balance of remodeling process are altered. In GD the observed osteopenia/osteoporosis may be the result of contribution of both reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - A N Crivaro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Ormazabal
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - J M Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Bondar
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M V Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. Córdoba 2351, (C1120ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Characterization of Macrophages and Osteoclasts in the Osteosarcoma Tumor Microenvironment at Diagnosis: New Perspective for Osteosarcoma Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030423. [PMID: 33498676 PMCID: PMC7866157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to the great genetic instability of osteosarcoma (OS), a recurrent molecular therapeutic target has not been identified to date. Therefore, characterization of the OS tumor microenvironment (TME) might offer new therapeutic perspectives. The OS2006 trial, originally designed to evaluate the impact of zoledronic acid (ZA, osteoclast-inhibitor) addition to conventional OS-therapies, was ended preliminary due to a negative impact on patient survival. Through retrospective biomarker analysis of the unique biological samples collected during the trial, we demonstrate here that ZA not only acts on harmful osteoclasts but also on protective macrophages, clarifying its detrimental effect. By multiplex immunohistochemistry, applied on additional OS biopsies, an important bipotent macrophage-population (CD168+/CD163+), homogenously distributed throughout OS tumor areas, was identified. These bipotent cells might play a determining role in the evolution of OS and offer a novel therapeutic approach. A clear definition of the macrophage populations present at diagnosis could re-enforce therapeutic decisions. Abstract Biological and histopathological techniques identified osteoclasts and macrophages as targets of zoledronic acid (ZA), a therapeutic agent that was detrimental for patients in the French OS2006 trial. Conventional and multiplex immunohistochemistry of microenvironmental and OS cells were performed on biopsies of 124 OS2006 patients and 17 surgical (“OSNew”) biopsies respectively. CSF-1R (common osteoclast/macrophage progenitor) and TRAP (osteoclast activity) levels in serum of 108 patients were correlated to response to chemotherapy and to prognosis. TRAP levels at surgery and at the end of the protocol were significantly lower in ZA+ than ZA− patients (padj = 0.0011; 0.0132). For ZA+-patients, an increase in the CSF-1R level between diagnosis and surgery and a high TRAP level in the serum at biopsy were associated with a better response to chemotherapy (p = 0.0091; p = 0.0251). At diagnosis, high CD163+ was associated with good prognosis, while low TRAP activity was associated with better overall survival in ZA− patients only. Multiplex immunohistochemistry demonstrated remarkable bipotent CD68+/CD163+ macrophages, homogeneously distributed throughout OS regions, aside osteoclasts (CD68+/CD163−) mostly residing in osteolytic territories and osteoid-matrix-associated CD68−/CD163+ macrophages. We demonstrate that ZA not only acts on harmful osteoclasts but also on protective macrophages, and hypothesize that the bipotent CD68+/CD163+ macrophages might present novel therapeutic targets.
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Chang LY, Lai CH, Kuo CH, Chang BI, Wu HL, Cheng TL. Recombinant thrombomodulin lectin-like domain attenuates porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclastogenesis and periodontal bone resorption. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1622-1634. [PMID: 33438207 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence demonstrates that the thrombomodulin (TM) lectin domain (TMD1) exerts anti-inflammatory functions. Lipopolysaccharides derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS) are considered a major pathogenic factor for chronic periodontitis, promoting inflammation, osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of recombinant TMD1 (rTMD1) in suppression of Pg-LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and periodontal bone loss. METHODS In vitro, the effects of Pg-LPS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and rTMD1 on osteoclast differentiation were investigated using receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo, the effects of rTMD1 treatment were evaluated in a model of experimental periodontitis induced by direct injection of Pg-LPS into the vestibular gingiva. RESULTS Administration of Pg-LPS to RANKL-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages resulted in upregulation of CD86 and osteoclast marker (eg, Dc-stamp and Trap) gene expression and increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α) during osteoclast differentiation, and rTMD1 can attenuate these effects. Also, rTMD1 inhibited Pg-LPS-enhanced in vitro bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, TNF-α promoted phosphorylation of p38 and ERK during osteoclast differentiation, and the signal activation can be inhibited by rTMD1. Finally, treatment with rTMD1 hindered Pg-LPS-induced alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that rTMD1 attenuates Pg-LPS-enhanced M1 macrophage polarization, osteoclastogenesis and periodontal bone resorption and thus holds therapeutic promise for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yun Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Han Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Ing Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Molstad DHH, Zars E, Norton A, Mansky KC, Westendorf JJ, Bradley EW. Hdac3 deletion in myeloid progenitor cells enhances bone healing in females and limits osteoclast fusion via Pmepa1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21804. [PMID: 33311522 PMCID: PMC7733476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining the role of the histone deacetylase Hdac3 within myeloid cells demonstrated that Hdac3 promotes M2 activation and tissue healing in inflammatory conditions. Since myeloid lineage cells are required for proper bone formation and regeneration, in this study we examined the functions of Hdac3 during bone healing. Conditional deletion of Hdac3 within myeloid progenitors accelerates healing of cortical bone defects. Moreover, reduced osteoclast numbers within the defect site are correlated with Hdac3 suppression. Ex vivo osteoclastogenesis assays further demonstrate that Hdac3 deficiency limits osteoclastogenesis, the number of nuclei per cell and bone resorption, suggesting a defect in cell fusion. High throughput RNA sequencing identified the transmembrane protein Pmepa1 as a differentially expressed gene within osteoclast progenitor cells. Knockdown of Pmepa1 partially restores defects in osteoclastogenesis induced by Hdac3 deficiency. These results show that Hdac3 is required for optimal bone healing and osteoclast fusion, potentially via its regulation of Pmepa1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H H Molstad
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth W. Bradley, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zars
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Norton
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kim C Mansky
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth W. Bradley, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Russo R, Mallia S, Zito F, Lampiasi N. Long-Lasting Activity of ERK Kinase Depends on NFATc1 Induction and Is Involved in Cell Migration-Fusion in Murine Macrophages RAW264.7. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238965. [PMID: 33255852 PMCID: PMC7728313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are mononuclear cells that become osteoclasts (OCs) in the presence of two cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). RANKL binding to its specific receptor RANK leads to OCs differentiation mainly by nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). In our previous study, the analysis of the protein network in NFATc1-knockdown cells, using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), showed a link between NFATc1 and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-extracellular receptor kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Therefore, this study aimed to extend our knowledge of the relationship between NFATc1 and the ERK. Here, we demonstrate that delayed ERK1/2 phosphorylation in pre-OC RANKL-induced depends on NFATc1. Indeed, the knockdown of NFATc1 reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (60%) and the pharmacological inhibition of the ERK1/2 kinase activity impairs the expression of NFATc1 without preventing its translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, silencing of NFATc1 significantly reduced RANKL-induced migration (p < 0.01), and most pre-OCs are still mononuclear after 48 h (80 ± 5%), despite the presence of actin rings. On the other hand, the inhibitors FR180204 and PD98059 significantly reduced RANKL-induced cell migration (p < 0.01), leading to a reduction in the number of multinucleated cells. Finally, we suggest that long-lasting ERK activity depends on NFATc1 induction and is likely linked to cell migration, fusion, and OC differentiation.
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Quell KM, Dutta K, Korkmaz ÜR, Nogueira de Almeida L, Vollbrandt T, König P, Lewkowich I, Deepe GS, Verschoor A, Köhl J, Laumonnier Y. GM-CSF and IL-33 Orchestrate Polynucleation and Polyploidy of Resident Murine Alveolar Macrophages in a Murine Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207487. [PMID: 33050608 PMCID: PMC7589978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronical pulmonary disease with high prevalence. It manifests as a maladaptive immune response to common airborne allergens and is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, type 2 cytokine-associated inflammation, and mucus overproduction. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), although contributing to lung homeostasis and tolerance to allergens at steady state, have attracted less attention compared to professional antigen-presenting and adaptive immune cells in their contributions. Using an acute model of house dust mite-driven allergic asthma in mice, we showed that a fraction of resident tissue-associated AMs, while polarizing to the alternatively activated M2 phenotype, exhibited signs of polynucleation and polyploidy. Mechanistically, in vitro assays showed that only Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor and interleukins IL-13 and IL-33, but not IL-4 or IL-5, participate in the establishment of this phenotype, which resulted from division defects and not cell-cell fusion as shown by microscopy. Intriguingly, mRNA analysis of AMs isolated from allergic asthmatic lungs failed to show changes in the expression of genes involved in DNA damage control except for MafB. Altogether, our data support the idea that upon allergic inflammation, AMs undergo DNA damage-induced stresses, which may provide new unconventional therapeutical approaches to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M. Quell
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Kuheli Dutta
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Ülkü R. Korkmaz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Larissa Nogueira de Almeida
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Tillman Vollbrandt
- Cell Analysis Core Facility, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - George S. Deepe
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (K.M.Q.); (K.D.); (Ü.R.K.); (L.N.d.A.); (J.K.)
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-31018940; Fax: +49-451-31018904
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Zhukova OV, Kovaleva TF, Arkhipova EV, Ryabov SA, Mukhina IV. Tumor-associated macrophages: Role in the pathological process of tumorigenesis and prospective therapeutic use (Review). Biomed Rep 2020; 13:47. [PMID: 32934819 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the current body of knowledge regarding tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and their potential use in antitumor therapy, based on their role in the pathological process of tumorigenesis. For this purpose, a critical analysis of published data and summarization of the findings available from original studies, focusing on the role of TAMs in the pathological process, and their potential therapeutic application was performed. Promising key avenues of research were identified in this field. The following issues seem the most promising and thus worth further investigation: i) The process of M1/M2 macrophage polarization, macrophage characteristics at intermediate polarization steps and their role in the tumor process; ii) determining the conditions necessary for transitions between the M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes and the role of signals from the microenvironment in this process; iii) cause-and-effect associations between the quantity and quality of macrophages, and the prognosis and outcome of the pathological process; iv) modulation of macrophages and stimulation of their phagocytic activity with drugs; v) targeted vector-based systems for drug delivery to macrophages; and vi) targeted drug delivery systems with macrophages as carriers, thus potentially combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Zhukova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Tatiana F Kovaleva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Arkhipova
- Pre-Clinical Research Center, Central Research Laboratory, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Sergey A Ryabov
- Department of High-Molecular and Colloid Chemistry, National Research Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Irina V Mukhina
- Fundamental Medicine Institute and Physiology Department, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
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Gambari L, Grassi F, Roseti L, Grigolo B, Desando G. Learning from Monocyte-Macrophage Fusion and Multinucleation: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176001. [PMID: 32825443 PMCID: PMC7504439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) covers an essential role in developing bone diseases, such as osteoporosis (OP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Monocytes or macrophages fusion and multinucleation (M-FM) are key processes for generating multinucleated mature cells with essential roles in bone remodelling. Depending on the phenotypic heterogeneity of monocyte/macrophage precursors and the extracellular milieu, two distinct morphological and functional cell types can arise mature OCs and giant cells (GCs). Despite their biological relevance in several physiological and pathological responses, many gaps exist in our understanding of their formation and role in bone, including the molecular determinants of cell fusion and multinucleation. Here, we outline fusogenic molecules during M-FM involved in OCs and GCs formation in healthy conditions and during OP and RA. Moreover, we discuss the impact of the inflammatory milieu on modulating macrophages phenotype and their differentiation towards mature cells. Methodological approach envisaged searches on Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases to select relevant studies on M-FM, osteoclastogenesis, inflammation, OP, and RA. This review intends to give a state-of-the-art description of mechanisms beyond osteoclastogenesis and M-FM, with a focus on OP and RA, and to highlight potential biological therapeutic targets to prevent extreme bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia Roseti
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (B.G.); Tel.: +39-051-6366090 (B.G.)
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Jain N, Moeller J, Vogel V. Mechanobiology of Macrophages: How Physical Factors Coregulate Macrophage Plasticity and Phagocytosis. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 21:267-297. [PMID: 31167103 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their early-recognized functions in host defense and the clearance of apoptotic cell debris, macrophages play vital roles in tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. If misregulated, they steer the progression of many inflammatory diseases. Much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying macrophage signaling, transcriptomics, and proteomics, under physiological and pathological conditions. Yet, the detailed mechanisms that tune circulating monocytes/macrophages and tissue-resident macrophage polarization, differentiation, specification, and their functional plasticity remain elusive. We review how physical factors affect macrophage phenotype and function, including how they hunt for particles and pathogens, as well as the implications for phagocytosis, autophagy, and polarization from proinflammatory to prohealing phenotype. We further discuss how this knowledge can be harnessed in regenerative medicine and for the design of new drugs and immune-modulatory drug delivery systems, biomaterials, and tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Jain
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Jens Moeller
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
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50
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Petruczynik P, Kafarski P, Psurski M, Wietrzyk J, Kiełbowicz Z, Kuryszko J, Chmielewska E. Three-Component Reaction of Diamines with Triethyl Orthoformate and Diethyl Phosphite and Anti-Proliferative and Antiosteoporotic Activities of the Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061424. [PMID: 32245019 PMCID: PMC7144383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-component reaction between diamines (diaminobenzenes, diaminocyclohexanes, and piperazines), triethyl orthoformate, and diethyl phosphite was studied in some detail. In the case of 1,3- and 1,4-diamines and piperazines, products of the substitution of two amino moieties—the corresponding tetraphosphonic acids—were obtained. In the cases of 1,2-diaminobenzene, 1,2-diaminocyclohexanes and 1,2-diaminocyclohexenes, only one amino group reacted. This is most likely the result of the formation of hydrogen bonding between the phosphonate oxygen and a hydrogen of the adjacent amino group, which caused a decrease in the reactivity of the amino group. Most of the obtained compounds inhibited the proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages, PC-3 human prostate cancer cells, and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, with 1, trans-7, and 16 showing broad nonspecific activity, which makes these compounds especially interesting in the context of anti-osteolytic treatment and the blocking of interactions and mutual activation of osteoclasts and tumor metastatic cells. These compounds exhibit similar activity to zoledronic acid and higher activity than incadronic acid, which were used as controls. However, studies of sheep with induced osteoporosis carried out with compound trans-7 did not support this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Petruczynik
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (P.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (P.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Laboratory of Experimental Anticancer Therapy, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Laboratory of Experimental Anticancer Therapy, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Zdzisław Kiełbowicz
- Department of Surgery, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Jan Kuryszko
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Chmielewska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-2977
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