1
|
Porta NG, Suarez-Archilla G, Miotti C, Molineri AI, Alvarez I, Trono K, Signorini M, Ruiz V. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine Leukemia virus infection in argentine beef cattle. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:104999. [PMID: 37708828 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, an endemic disease in dairy cattle of Argentina. However, little is known about the seroprevalence of BLV in beef cattle. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study including farms from thirteen provinces of Argentina. A total of 5827 bovine serum samples were collected from 76 farms and analyzed using an in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Information about herd management was collected through a questionnaire, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to detect risk factors associated with BLV infection. Herd-level seroprevalence was 71.05%, while the mean animal-level seroprevalence was 7.23% (median = 2.69%; min = 0, max = 75). Only two provinces had no positive BLV samples. The other eleven provinces showed more than 50% of their farms infected with BLV. The multivariate model revealed that BLV prevalence was significantly associated with the use of animals raised in the same farm for cattle replacement (P = 0.005), breeding cows by natural mating with a bull (P < 0.001), and weaning calves after 6 months of age (P = 0.011). This extensive study revealed that BLV seroprevalence in Argentine beef farms has increased during the last years and allowed identifying some management practices associated with BLV prevalence. These data deserve special attention because BLV infection in beef cattle seems to lead to a dissemination pattern similar to that observed during the last decades in dairy cattle, especially considering that Argentina is the sixth beef producer in the world, with about 5% of global beef production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gabriela Porta
- Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET. Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros (s/n), Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Suarez-Archilla
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICaL) INTA-CONICET. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Camila Miotti
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICaL) INTA-CONICET. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ana Inés Molineri
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICaL) INTA-CONICET. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET. Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros (s/n), Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET. Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros (s/n), Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IDICaL) INTA-CONICET. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Vanesa Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Virus Adventicios, Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT), INTA-CONICET. Nicolás Repetto y De los Reseros (s/n), Hurlingham (CP1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nishikaku K, Yonezawa T, Nishibori M, Harada M, Kawaguchi F, Sasazaki S, Torii Y, Imakawa K, Kawai K, Liu J, Mannen H, Kobayashi T. Phylogenomics and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Bovine Leukemia Virus Focusing on Asian Native Cattle: Insights Into the Early Origin and Global Dissemination. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:917324. [PMID: 35814709 PMCID: PMC9263593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, is currently one of the most important pathogens affecting the cattle industry worldwide. Determining where and in which host it originated, and how it dispersed across continents will provide valuable insights into its historical emergence as the cattle pathogen. Various species in the Bos genus were domesticated in Asia, where they also diversified. As native cattle (taurine cattle, zebu cattle, yak, and water buffalo) are indigenous and adapted to local environments, we hypothesized that Asian native cattle could have harbored BLV and, therefore, that they were important for virus emergence, maintenance, and spread. In this study, phylogeographic and ancestral trait analyses—including sequences obtained from Asian native cattle—were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of BLV. It was shown that, since its probable emergence in Asia, the virus spread to South America and Europe via international trade of live cattle. It was inferred that zebu cattle were the hosts for the early origin of BLV, while taurine cattle played the significant role in the transmission worldwide. In addition, the results of positive selection analysis indicate that yak had a substantially minor role in the transmission of this virus. In this study, endogenous deltaretrovirus sequences in bats, collected in Asian countries, were also analyzed on whether these sequences were present in the bat genome. Endogenous deltaretrovirus sequences were detected from bat species endemic to specific regions and geographically isolated for a long time. Endogenous deltaretrovirus sequences from these geographically isolated species represent ancient exogenous deltaretroviruses distributions. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that these newly obtained endogenous deltaretrovirus sequences were closely related to those of BLV from Asian native cattle, indicating that BLV-related ancient deltaretroviruses circulated in Asia long before the emergence of BLV. Together, our analyses provide evidence for origin and spatiotemporal dynamics of BLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nishikaku
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yonezawa
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Masahide Nishibori
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masashi Harada
- Laboratory Animal Center, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuki Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Sasazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasushi Torii
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction, Research Institute of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kuniko Kawai
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Science, Tokai University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry and Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hideyuki Mannen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomoko Kobayashi,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamanaka MP, Saito S, Hara Y, Matsuura R, Takeshima SN, Hosomichi K, Matsumoto Y, Furuta RA, Takei M, Aida Y. No evidence of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA and antibodies in human specimens from Japan. Retrovirology 2022; 19:7. [PMID: 35585539 PMCID: PMC9116711 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential risk and association of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with human remains controversial as it has been reported to be both positive and negative in human breast cancer and blood samples. Therefore, establishing the presence of BLV in comprehensive human clinical samples in different geographical locations is essential. Result In this study, we examined the presence of BLV proviral DNA in human blood and breast cancer tissue specimens from Japan. PCR analysis of BLV provirus in 97 Japanese human blood samples and 23 breast cancer tissues showed negative result for all samples tested using long-fragment PCR and highly-sensitive short-fragment PCR amplification. No IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in any of the 97 human serum samples using BLV gp51 and p24 indirect ELISA test. Western blot analysis also showed negative result for IgG and IgM antibodies in all tested human serum samples. Conclusion Our results indicate that Japanese human specimens including 97 human blood, 23 breast cancer tissues, and 97 serum samples were negative for BLV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-022-00592-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meripet Polat Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hara
- Division of Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Saitama, 352-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Rika A Furuta
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, 135-8521, Japan
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan. .,Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Evidence of bovine leukemia virus circulating in sheep and buffaloes in Colombia: insights into multispecies infection. Arch Virol 2021; 167:807-817. [PMID: 34762149 PMCID: PMC8581130 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of leukemia/lymphoma in cattle. However, previous evidence has shown its presence in other species of livestock as well as in humans, suggesting that other species can be accidental hosts of the virus. In viral infections, receptors that are common to different animal species are proposed to be involved in cross-species infections. For BLV, AP3D1 has been proposed to be its receptor, and this protein is conserved in most mammalian species. In Colombia, BLV has been reported in cattle with high prevalence rates, but there has been no evidence of BLV infections in other animal species. In this study, we tested for the virus in sheep (n = 44) and buffaloes (n = 61) from different regions of Colombia by nested PCR, using peripheral blood samples collected from the animals. BLV was found in 25.7% of the animals tested (12 buffaloes and 15 sheep), and the results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In addition, to gain more information about the capacity of the virus to infect these species, the predicted interactions of AP3D1 of sheep and buffaloes with the BLV-gp51 protein were analyzed in silico. Conserved amino acids in the binding domains of the proteins were identified. The detection of BLV in sheep and buffaloes suggests circulation of the virus in multiple species, which could be involved in dissemination of the virus in mixed livestock production settings. Due to the presence of the virus in multiple species and the high prevalence rates observed, integrated prevention and control strategies in the livestock industry should be considered to decrease the spread of BLV.
Collapse
|
5
|
Saito S, Kitamura-Muramatsu Y, Komine F, Polat M, Takeshima SN, Takei M, Aida Y. Absence of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA in Japanese human blood cell lines and human cancer cell lines. Arch Virol 2019; 165:207-214. [PMID: 31776677 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infects cattle worldwide and causes B-cell lymphoma in cattle. BLV has been identified in human breast and lung cancer and in blood, but the association of BLV and human cancer is controversial. In this study, we investigated the existence of BLV in 145 Japanese human blood cell lines and 54 human cancer cell lines, using a new highly sensitive PCR assay that can amplify even one copy of BLV using LTR primers different from those in previous studies on BLV provirus in breast cancer. All samples were found negative for BLV provirus, suggesting that BLV is unlikely to infect humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Saito
- RIKEN GENESIS CO., LTD, Life Innovation Center 3F, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yuri Kitamura-Muramatsu
- RIKEN GENESIS CO., LTD, Life Innovation Center 3F, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Fumiko Komine
- RIKEN GENESIS CO., LTD, Life Innovation Center 3F, 3-25-22 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shin-Nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama, 352-0017, Japan
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Nakamura Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruiz V, Porta NG, Lomónaco M, Trono K, Alvarez I. Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Neonatal Calves. Risk Factors and Control Measures. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:267. [PMID: 30410920 PMCID: PMC6209627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Although efficient eradication programs have been successfully implemented in most European countries and Oceania, BLV infection rates are still high worldwide. BLV naturally infects cattle, inducing a persistent infection with diverse clinical outcomes. The virus infects lymphocytes and integrates a DNA intermediate as a provirus into the genome of the cells. Therefore, exposure to biological fluids contaminated with infected lymphocytes potentially spreads the virus. Vertical transmission may occur in utero or during delivery, and about 10% of calves born to BLV-infected dams are already infected at birth. Most frequently, transmission from dams to their offspring occurs through the ingestion of infected colostrum or milk. Therefore, although EBL is not a disease specific to the neonatal period, during this period the calves are at special risk of becoming infected, especially in dairy farms, where they ingest colostrum and/or raw milk either naturally or artificially. Calves infected during the first week of life could play an active role in early propagation of BLV to susceptible animals. This review discusses the main factors that contribute to neonatal BLV infection in dairy herds, as well as different approaches and management practices that could be implemented to reduce the risk of BLV transmission during this period, aiming to decrease BLV infection in dairy herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Ruiz
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gabriela Porta
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Lomónaco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Trono
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Alvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Molecular epidemiology and characterization of bovine leukemia virus in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Arch Virol 2017; 163:659-670. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Polat M, Takeshima SN, Aida Y. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus. Virol J 2017; 14:209. [PMID: 29096657 PMCID: PMC5669023 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic member of the Deltaretrovirus genus, is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I and II). BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes important economic losses. In this review, we provide a summary of available information about commonly used diagnostic approaches for the detection of BLV infection, including both serological and viral genome-based methods. We also outline genotyping methods used for the phylogenetic analysis of BLV, including PCR restriction length polymorphism and modern DNA sequencing-based methods. In addition, detailed epidemiological information on the prevalence of BLV in cattle worldwide is presented. Finally, we summarize the various BLV genotypes identified by the phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome and env gp51 sequences of BLV strains in different countries and discuss the distribution of BLV genotypes worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meripet Polat
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shin-nosuke Takeshima
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Bovine Leukemia Virus Vaccine Laboratory RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Bovine Leukemia Virus Vaccine Laboratory RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). EFSA J 2017; 15:e04956. [PMID: 32625622 PMCID: PMC7009913 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of EBL to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of EBL according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to EBL. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, it is inconclusive whether EBL can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL because there was no full consensus on the criteria 5 B(i) and 5 B(iii). Consequently, since it is inconclusive whether EBL can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL, then the assessment on compliance of EBL with the criteria as in Sections 4 and 5 of Annex IV to the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (d) and (e) of Article 9(1), and which animal species can be considered to be listed for EBL according to Article 8(3) of the AHL is also inconclusive.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gillet NA, Willems L. Whole genome sequencing of 51 breast cancers reveals that tumors are devoid of bovine leukemia virus DNA. Retrovirology 2016; 13:75. [PMID: 27814725 PMCID: PMC5095936 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversy exists regarding the association of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and breast cancer. PCR-based experimental evidence indicates that BLV DNA is present in breast tissue and that as many as 37% of cancer cases may be attributable to viral exposure. Since this association might have major consequences for human health, we evaluated 51 whole genomes of breast cancer samples for the presence of BLV DNA. Among 32 billion sequencing reads retrieved from the NCBI database of genotype and phenotype, none mapped on different strains of the BLV genome. Controls for sequence divergence and proviral loads further validated the approach. This unbiased analysis thus excludes a clonal insertion of BLV in breast tumor cells and strongly argues against an association between BLV and breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Gillet
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), B34, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000, Sart-Tilman Liège, Belgium.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of Liège (ULg), 13 Avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Luc Willems
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA), University of Liège (ULg), B34, 1 Avenue de l'Hôpital, 4000, Sart-Tilman Liège, Belgium.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of Liège (ULg), 13 Avenue Maréchal Juin, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|